Indian Satellites for Applications in Agriculture

Dr Jai Singh PariharSpace Applications Centre

Indian Space Research OrganisationAhmedabad 380015, INDIAjsparihar@sac.isro.gov.in

Workshop G 1.1: Food Security (GEOGLAM-Asia RiCE) and Crop Monitoring (APRSAF-SAFE)

in 34rd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Bali, Indonesia, October 19-24, 2013

India: Resources & ChallengesIndia: Resources & Challenges

Bhuvan, ISRO

3

Indian Agriculture: Monsoon, Irrigation and Physiography

< 250

251 - 500

501 - 750

751 - 1,000

> 1,001

Mean annual rainfall (cm)

Monsoon onset normal dates

Rainy days ( >= 2.5mm/day)

Physiography

Command Area

Monsoon withdrawal normal dates

Agriculture and Food Security

Planning

Agricultural Agricultural Land Land

MonitoringMonitoring

Agricultural Agricultural Drought Drought

Assessment & Assessment & MonitoringMonitoring

Horticultural Horticultural Crop Area Crop Area

Estimation & Estimation & MonitoringMonitoring

Cropping Cropping Systems Systems AnalysisAnalysis

Soil and Soil and Problem Soil Problem Soil Mapping & Mapping & MonitoringMonitoring

Pest/ Disease Pest/ Disease Detection / Detection / Incidence Incidence

ForecastingForecasting

Inland fishery Inland fishery DevelopmentDevelopment

Command Command Area/WaterArea/WaterResourcesResourcesMonitoringMonitoring

Looking Looking beyond Indiabeyond India

Crop Area Crop Area Estimation & Estimation & Production Production ForecastForecast

Journey So Far and Way Ahead in Geomatics Applications in Agriculture

Gullied1

12

2

3

3

3

1 Strongly Saline- sodic Soils 2 Moderately saline –sodic SoilsSlightly saline – sodic soils3

1975 1999

February 1986 February 2002

63. 85 MHa

55.26 MHa

Wastelands and Watershed Wastelands and Watershed DevelopmentDevelopment

• Increase area under agriculture• Identify culturable wastelands/

marginal lands• Monitoring wasteland

development

• Increase cropping intensity/ diversity

• Improvised cropping practices like cultivation in Kharif/post-Kharif fallows

• Alternate Cropping Pattern

• Increase productivity• Retention/improvement of soil

fertility • Precision Agriculture • Increase area under HYVs

• Create supportive infrastructure

• Watershed Development

Water & Land Resources Action Plan

Stakeholder’s Participation

Check-dam Construction

Watershed DevelopmentWatershed Development

Amangal MandalMahaboob Nagar Dist.Andhra Pradesh

Down Stream

16 Feb ‘00

13 Feb ‘03

16 Feb ‘00

13 Feb ‘03

Up Stream PRE

POST

Water harvestingImpact Assessment on crops

Watershed Development - Watershed Development - Monitoring

• Inventory of wetlands, Surface

water bodies

• Performance evaluation of

irrigation commands

• Ground water prospecting/

recharge structures

• Glacier inventory, retreat

• Snowmelt run-off, snow physics

Cascade of Tanks

Karnataka -Category NumberArea (ha)

Inland Wetlands - Natural 515 183465Inland Wetlands -Man-made 10509 437960Total - Inland 11024 621425Coastal Wetlands - Natural 313 4696Coastal Wetlands - Man-made

75 3591

Total - Coastal 388 8287Sub-Total 11412 629712Wetlands (<2.25 ha) 13864 13864Total 25276 643576

Indian Wetlands :Total – 15.9 Mha

Water ResourcesWater Resources

Land Observations

• Two panchromatic (0.50 - 0.85 mm) cameras

• Spatial resolution 2.5m and cover a swath 30 km

• Revisit : 5 days

• Along Track Stereo viewing (+26° / -5°)

CARTOSAT-1 Hyper Spectral Imaging (HySI)•64 bands; Res. 505 m; Swath 130 Km.•400-950 nm range

Multispectral Imaging (MX0)•4 bands (B, G, R, IR)•37 m resolution•151 km Swath

IMS-1

CARTOSAT - 2/ 2A/ 2B

• Panchromatic camera; Step & Stare imaging; steerable along & across

• Spatial resolution: 0.8 m• Swath of 9.6 km• Revisit : 4 days

Natural resources Mapping & Inventory

Large scale mapping, DEM

Cadastral Map; Urban/Rural Infrast.

Resource mapping; spectral characterisations

RESOURCESAT-2

• LISS 4 (5.8 m & 70 km swath)

• LISS 3 (23m & 141 km swath)

• AWiFS (56 m & 800 km swath)

Orbit : 800 km

Local time: 1030 hrs

o 8-band OCMo Ku-Band Pencil beam Scatterometer witho Radio Occultation Sounder for Atmospheric

studies (ROSA)

OCEANSAT-2

Ocean and Atmosphere Observation

CCD Camera Bands (µm)Visible : 0.62 – 0.68Near Infra Red : 0.77 – 0.86 Short Wave IR : 1.55 – 1.69Resolution : 1 km

VHRR Bands (µm)

Visible : 0.55 – 0.75

Water Vapour : 5.70 – 7.10

Thermal Infra Red : 10.5 – 12.5

Resolution : 2 km for Visible; 8 km for TIR

KALPANA INSAT-3A

MEGHA-TROPIQUESBetter understanding life cycles of tropical convective system

• Microwave Radiometer : MADRAS

• Earth Radiation Budget : SCARAB

• Humidity Profiler : SAPHIROrbit : 867 km with

inclination of 20 deg.

INSAT-3D

Improved understanding of weather systems

• 19 channel Sounder• 6 Channel Imager

(Visible, SWIR, MIR, WV and Two TIR channels)

RISAT-1

Orbit : 560 km in sun-synchronous

C band SAR 5.35 GHz frequency; 5 imaging modes

Applications in agriculture, soil moisture, flood & water spread etc.

New Missions

- Ka-band Altimeter (~35.5GHz)

- Dual frequency Radiometer (23.8/36.8 GHz)

Polar - sun-synchronous; Inclination of 98.38 Deg; Altitude ~800 km; Repeat cycle of 35 days

SARALSatellite with ARgos and Altika (ISRO-CNES Joint Mission

Geostationary platform

Diu

rnal

Lo

ng

ter

m

Temporal ObservationTemporal Observation5:30 8:30 11:30 16:00

Sea

son

al

1995 1996 1997 1998 19991995 1996 1997 1998 1999

An

nu

al

25 Jun 29 Sep 09 Oct 13 Oct 14 Nov 04 Dec

17 Jan 13 Feb 17 Mar 02 Apr 05 May 25 May

25 Jun 29 Sep 09 Oct 13 Oct 14 Nov 04 Dec

17 Jan 13 Feb 17 Mar 02 Apr 05 May 25 May 17 Jan.17 Jan. 13 Feb13 Feb 17 Mar17 Mar 02 Apr02 Apr 05 May05 May 25 May25 May

Mouth Mouth Mouth

Landsat MSS, 1975 IRS LISS-III, Jan. 16, 2002 IRS LISS-III, Jan. 20, 2013

INSAT-3A CCD

–

INSAT 3A CCD 1kmNov 28, 2006

IRS-1D WiFS 188 m (6 Oct 1999)

IRSP6 AWiFS 56m (4 Jan 2006)

IRS-WiFS and AWiFS

WiFS, 188m, 5days AWiFS, 56m, 5days

LISS-IV

Baleshwar

Bhadrak

Baleshwar

Bhadrak

RISAT-1 CRS 14/10/2013

RISAT-1 MRS FCC 05/07, 12/08, 24/08/13

RiSAT-MRS Beam

Baleshwar

Bhadrak

Baleshwar

Bhadrak

RISAT-1 CRS 14/10/2013

RISAT-1 MRS FCC 05/07, 12/08, 24/08/13

Flood affected area as on 14/10/13 (Superimposed on image)

RiSAT- MRS After the Phailin Cyclone

INSAT-3D Geophysical Products

Pay Load Geo-physical Parameters and products

Imager Outgoing Long wave Radiation (OLR)Quantitative Precipitation Estimate (QPE)Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV)Upper Troposhare Humidity (UTH)Sea Surface Temperature (SST)Land Surface Temperature (LST)Water Vapour Wind VectorInsolationSnow CoverFog, Forest Fire, Smoke and Aerosol IdentificationTropical Cyclone Position and Intensity Estimation

Sounder Temperature, Humidity Profile and Integrated OzoneGeo-potential Height (GH)Layer Precipitable WaterTotal Precipitable Water Lifted Index (Li)Wind Index (Wi)Dry Microburst Index (DMI)Potential Temperature Differential Ozone Estimate

Need for rapid assessment of weather

IR Image, Oct 21, 0700 and 2300, Oct 22, 0300 and 0400Z

Forthcoming EO Missions

o Multi-spectral 4 bands in VNIR (MX-VNIR): 50m Resolution o Hyper spectral VNIR (0.38-1.0 um): 320m Resolutiono Hyper spectral SWIR (0.9-2.5 um): 192m Resolutiono High resolution and Multi-spectral Thermal IR (TIR): 1.5km Resolution

GISATGeostationary platform

o 12-band OCMo Two Thermal infrared bands to measure Sea Surface Temperatureo Ku-Band Scatterometer

OCEANSAT-3

RESOURCESAT-2A

o Repeat of Resourcesat-2 missiono AWiFS: MX- Green, Red, NIR, SWIR with 56 m Resolution, 5-day Repetivityo LISS-III with 23.5 m Resolution and LISS-IV with 5.8 m Resolution

THANK YOU