INDIAN POMFRET FISHERIES

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INDIAN POMFRET FISHERY MUHAMMED ANZEER F AQB 12.05.09

Transcript of INDIAN POMFRET FISHERIES

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INDIAN POMFRET FISHERY MUHAMMED

ANZEER FAQB 12.05.09

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INTRODUCTION

The peninsular India extending between latitudes 8º 48' and 37º 06' North and longitudes 68º 07 and 97º 25'East has a coastline of about 8219km. The Indian Ocean covering the area between 30º and 150º and from the Asian land mass in the North to 50º south has a total area of 51 million sq km. After the declaration of Exclusive Economic zone (EEZ) in 1977, the area available to India is 2.02 million sq km comprising 0.86 million sq km in the west coast and 0.60 million sq km around the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. With the absolute right on the EEZ, India has also acquired the responsibility to conserve, to protect, develop and optimally exploit the marine resources up to 200 nautical miles of the coastline.

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50 ya 6 lakh tonnes ,today 8.67 mt (2nd largest producer in the

world with 5.43% share )

Different crafts and gears

Depth range of 0 to 150 m.

Annual landing in 3.94million metric tonnes (2012)

North west - 29.2% ,Southwest coast - 35.1% ,south east - 25.5%

, and north east - 10.2%,

The Indian fishery in general

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They are highly relished table-

fishes in internal and export

markets and command high

unit value.

Distribution up to the depth of

150 m.

47303 tonnes (4% of total

landing )

POMFRETSORDER : Perciformes

SUB ORDER : Stromateoidei

FAMILY : Stromateidae

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Pampus argenteus

SYNONYM : Stromateus linereus

NAMES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

English : Silver pomfret

Gujarati : Vichuda, paplet

Tamil : Vella, volvel

Telugu : Tella, chanduva

Bengali : Chandi

Malayalam : Aboli

Kannada : Manji, thondriti

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Pelvic fins absent , Caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe longer

than the upper , Fins are faintly yellow; vertical fins with dark

edges.

Color is gray above grading to silvery white towards the belly, with

small black dots all over the body

Body firm, very deep, oval, and

compressed

Dorsal and anal fins preceded by a

series of 5 to 10 blade-like spines

with anterior and posterior points

SHORT

DESCRIPTION

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NAMES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

English : Whitepomfret

Gujarati : Paplet, Pthu,Kafri

Marathi : Saranga, khalwad, kapri

Tamil : Mogang, Vovel

Telugu : Chamba

Malayalam : Vella, Avoli

Pampus chinensis

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Lateral line high, following dorsal profile onto caudal peduncle.

Grayish to brownish dorsally, silvery white on sides.Covered in

dark pigment spots.

Fins silvery to grayish, darkest distally.

SHORT

DESCRIPTION

Body firm, very deep,

compressed.

Scales very small, cycloid, and

deciduous, barely extending onto

fin bases.

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SYNONYM : Apolectus niger(Block)

NAMES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

English : Black pomfret

Gujarati : Halwa, Adadiya

Tamil : Karwnvaval

Telugu : Thella, Chanduva, Nallachandura

Malayalam : Karu, Abhuli, Aboli, Vallavoli

Parastromateus niger

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Deep-bodied and strongly

compressed fishes.

Lateral line ends in weakly-

developed scutes on the caudal

peduncle.

SHORT DESCRIPTION

Pelvic fins lost in individuals over 9 cm. Color is brown above,

silvery-white below.

The anterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins bluish-gray. The

other fins yellowish

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GENERAL BIOLOGY

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Copepods and other smaller crustaceans

Thaliaceans and Hydromedusae (Pampus argenteus)

Seasonal fluctuations shows some variations in component (based on

availability)

Feeding intensity was more during mature and maturing stages of the

gonads

FOOD AND FEEDING

Black pomfret, (Salps - Jasis, Zonaria, Pagea , Salpa, and Thalia spp.

(42.8%)).

Crustaceans ( Prawns,Acetes, Lucifer, Mysids, Ostacods, Copepods,

Zoea, and Megalopa etc (8.8%)).

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Gonads can be distinguished at the time of 15 cm and more

in length.

Ovary

two small, compact lobes: wine coloured and united at

anterior end

Testes

as two thin, long strips of tissue, white in colour.

MATURITY

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Sexes are separate.

Eventhough can’t be distinguished from external

characters.

Number of eggs varies with size of ovary.

Observation for P.argenteus

1)65,702 eggs - 278mm sized ovary.

2)171794 - 320mm sized ovary

P.niger fecundity - 12558-79200 ova

SEX AND FECUNDITY

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Equal distribution of sexes.

In 15-25cm group males and females were more or less

equal. Males were predominant,

About twice as many as the females in the 25-35cm.while in

size group 45-55cm ,there were no males at all.

Females predominated during august to October.

Males were predominated in April-May.

SEX RATIO

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Black pomfret

Spawning starts from July and continued till October (peak in

August-September).

Silver pomfret

Maharashtra ( October – December), Gujarat (February – august )

and East coast ( January – February).

SPAWNING SEASON

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FISHERIES

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LANDING (T)

POMFRET 2011 2012

Black pomfret 20493 17798

Silver pomfret 34072 27515

Chinese pomfret 5420 1990

Total 59985 47303

TABLE 1:POMFRET LANDING 2011,2012 COMPARISON

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STATEWISE LANDINGS

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3903t (1777t-gillnet(46%), 975t-trawl, 872t-dolnet, 279t-purse

seine)

13% decline than previous year

P.argenteus dominant in gillnet (95%) and dolnet (97%)

P.niger dominant in trawl net

Size range

gill net - 110-300mm

trawl net -80-310mm

It can be noted that by trawl more juveniles are caught, It

damages stock

MAHARASHTRA

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7039t (trawls and gill netters)

6.81% than 2011(0.38kg/hr)

Highest in multiday trawl-45.27%

Multiday gill netter -33.5%

Out board gill netter - 13.49%

Multi day dol netter -6.2%

Major caught – P.argenteus-86.30%, P.niger -11.24%,

P.chinensis-2.38%

Length range - 90-320 mm

Mean length - 193.17mm

GUJARAT

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1587t (1.2% of demersal)

Increased 7.6% than 2011

Silver pomfret - Trawlers (71.6)%

Chinese pomfret - non-mechanized (negligible)

Almost all nets major P.argenteus

LAKSHADWEEP AND KERALA

KARNATAKA & GOA

P.niger - 1161t(september peak)

P.argenteus-909 (september peak)

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Total landing 5177t(2% of total demersal)

Silver-84.1%

Black-15.3%

Chinese-.6%

But in Chennai (niger - 84.6%, argenteus-

12.2%, chinensis 3.2%)

TAMILNADU

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12255t

P.niger - 8086t (65.98%)

P.chinensis - 615t

P.argenteus - 3554t

By mechanised trawls - 7592t(61.95%)

1.5kgper/ hr(2012) decreased by 25% ;ie in 2011-2kg/hr

3861t (more or less equal by black and silver)

ANDHRAPRADESH

ODISHA

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Gear: the two main gears - surface drift gill

net and bottom drift gill net (30-50 m).

they are also caught in trawl net, dol net,

Craft:generally pomfret fishery is carried out

in gill netter boat with OBM, IBM and trawlers of

standard size

CRAFT AND GEAR

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1951-55- 13,600t

1981-85- 47,200t

1986-90- 38,300t

1991-95- 40,200t

1996-99- 41,000t

Fluctuation-1.7% - 3.1%

PRODUCTION TREND

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Northeast coast - occur in depth range of 20-75 m with

higher catch in between 20-40 m and from 70-75 m.

The catch was poor from 45-65 m depth.

The high yield in shallow and deeper waters and low yield

in the zones of moderate depth indicates their possible

migration from deeper to shallow areas and vice versa.

DEPTH WISE LANDINGS

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Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus - 62.5%),

Black pomfrets(Parastromateus niger =Apolectus niger =

Formio niger - 34.5%) and

Chinese pomfret (Pampus chinensis – 2.98%).

Maharashtra , Gujarat , Orissa and Andhra Pradesh (Silver

pomfret)

Maharashtra,Gujarat, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (Black

pomfret)

Karnataka (Chinese pomfret –minor fishery)

SPECIES COMPOSITION

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P.argenteus landed at Mumbai by trawl (51-319 mm) (mean

size125.7 mm)

Gill net (71-349 mm) (mean size of188.7 mm).

Drift net (110-360 mm)

Dolnet(15-299 mm)

LENGTH COMPOSITION

September - May.

FISHING SEASON

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CONSERVATION

As fishery had collapsed in the north west coast during the

1990’s,

Restriction of dol net operations to minimize recruitment –

overfishing

Regulation of gill-nets to minimize the growth - overfishing

Regulation in mesh size is necessary to preserve stock.

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They are highly relished table fishes in internal and export

markets and command high commercial value.

The annual average capture of 38,000 tonnes forming about

2% of all India marine fisheries.

Most of their production from Gujarat and Maharashtra in

the North West and Orissa in the northeast coast.

The principal gear exploiting adult pomfrets are drift gill

nets of 140-155 mm mesh size while dol net exploits

essentially juveniles in the North West coast.

CONCLUSION

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1. Dholakia, A.D.2004.Fisheries and aquatic resources of India .

Daya publishing house(Delhi)

2. Hand book of fisheries and aquaculture.2010.ICAR

3. Jhingran, V.G. 1974.Fishand fisheries of India.Hindustan

publishing co.(India)

4. www.fishbase.com [VIEWED ON 12/11/2013]

5. www.biosearch.com[ VIEWED ON 12/11/2013]

6. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/9465/1/CMFRI_Annual_Report_20

12-13.pdf

[ VIEWED ON 5/2/2014]

REFERENCES

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