INDIAN OCEAN MARITIME HUB TRANSPORTDr Jacques COULARDEAU (Ivan EVE, assistant)

We will keep in mind this island and its string of harbours and ports. The main harbours are Colombo, Hambantota and Trincomalee. The port of Oluvil is under construction between Hambantota and Trincomalee. Jaffna is being redeveloped after the end of the LTTE insurgency. Historically the main harbour is Galle, today rather small.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Indian_Ocean_bathymetry_srtm.png

Admiral Zheng He’s voyages

Order Time Regions along the way

1st Voyage 1405–1407 Champa, Java, Palembang, Malacca, Aru (id:Aru), Samudera, Lambri, Ceylon, Kollam, Cochin, Calicut

2nd Voyage 1407–1409 Champa, Java, Siam, Cochin, Ceylon

3rd Voyage 1409–1411 Champa, Java, Malacca, Sumatra, Ceylon, Quilon, Cochin, Calicut, Siam, Lambri, Kayal, Coimbatore, Puttanpur

4th Voyage 1413–1415

Champa, Java, Palembang, Malacca, Sumatra, Ceylon, Cochin, Calicut, Kayal, Pahang, Kelantan, Aru, Lambri, Hormuz, Maldives, Mogadishu, Barawa, Malindi, Aden, Muscat, Dhofar

5th Voyage 1416–1419 Champa, Pahang, Java, Malacca, Samudera, Lambri, Ceylon, Sharwayn, Cochin, Calicut, Hormuz, Maldives, Mogadishu, Barawa, Malindi, Aden

6th Voyage 1421–1422 Hormuz, East Africa, countries of the Arabian Peninsula

7th Voyage 1430–1433 Champa, Java, Palembang, Malacca, Sumatra, Ceylon, Calicut, Hormuz... (17 states in total)

Voyages of Zheng He

Zheng He's Voyages to the Western Sea: Zheng He onboard his Treasure Ship.

“Even the father of modern-day China, Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of the communist party said: “Zheng He demonstrated that China needs to be open. The Ming Dynasty was one of the more prosperous era in Chinese history because of Zheng He opening up China to the world”, Dr Mike Teng, National University of Singapore

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Member States Date Country Enlargement

China

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Russia

26 April 1996

Tajikistan

Founders

15 June 2001 Uzbekistan First

Observer States India Iran Mongolia Pakistan

Dialogue Partners Belarus Sri Lanka

Guest Attendances ASEAN CIS Turkmenistan

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HUB

Hub-and-stoke system with radial links and rim links.

Only first layer around the hub.

Hub-and-stoke system with transversal links from points 1 (green) and 8 (red) on the rim.

Each point on the rim can be the starting point of its own hub-and-stoke system.

We then get a real network than can be multimodal.

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HUB

Commercial Ship Sizes

Ship category Routing capabilities Size in tonnage Capesize ships They have to go around the

Cape Horn and the Cape of Good Hope

Over 150,000 tons Deadweight (DWT), currently between 175,000 and 400,000 tons DWT.

Panamax ships They can cross the Panama Canal

65,000 to 80,000 tons DWT

Handymax ships and Supramax ships

They can cross the Suez Canal 52,000 to 58,000 tons DWT

Handysize ships Smaller ships that include Handymax or Supramax

Under 58,000, at times under 60,000 which would create a problem for the Suez Canal.

(Transport / Nautical Terms) the difference between the loaded and the unloaded weights of a ship, Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dead+weight

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

T H E L A R G E S T S H I P P I N G R E G I S T R I E S A R E P A N A M A , L I B E R I A , G R E E C E ,

M A R S H A L L I S L A N D S A N D T H E B A H A M A S , A P P R O X I M A T E L Y 6 , 3 0 0 S A I L

U N D E R T H E P A N A M A N I A N F L A G , M A K I N G P A N A M A T H E L A R G E S T . T H E

G R E E K - C O N T R O L L E D F L E E T I S A T A L M O S T 9 0 M I L L I O N G R O S S T O N S .

T H E M A R S H A L L I S L A N D S I S F O U R T H W I T H 1 , 5 0 0 V E S S E L S A N D 3 7

M I L L I O N T O N S . B A H A M A S H A S 1 , 5 0 0 V E S S E L S A T 2 7 M I L L I O N T O N S .

O T H E R S I G N I F I C A N T F L A G S I N C L U D E C Y P R U S A N D M A L T A