U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5054

Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 Report

Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 ReportMumbai, India to Chennai, India Sites NGHP-01-01 through NGHP-01-21 April 28, 2006–August 19, 2006

Volume AuthorshipBy T. Collett, M. Riedel, J. Cochran, R. Boswell, J. Presley, P. Kumar, A. Sathe, A. Sethi, M. Lall, and the NGHP Expedition Scientists

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5054

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

U.S. Department of the InteriorSALLY JEWELL, Secretary

U.S. Geological SurveySuzette M. Kimball, Acting Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2015

For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS.

For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod

To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov

Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner.

Suggested citation:Collett, T., Riedel, M., Cochran, J., Boswell, R., Presley, J., Kumar, P., Sathe, A., Sethi, A., Lall, M., and the NGHP Expedition Scientists, 2015, Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 report: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5054, 1442 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20125054.

ISSN 2328-0328 (online)

iii

NGHP Expedition 01 Participating OrganizationsBinghamton UniversityColorado School of MinesDirectorate General of HydrocarbonsFugro-McClelland, Inc.GAIL India Ltd.Geological Survey of CanadaGeotek Ltd.Idaho National LaboratoryIntegrated Ocean Drilling ProgramJoint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryMcGill UniversityNational Energy Technology LaboratoryNational Institute of OceanographyNational Institute of Ocean TechnologyOcean Drilling LimitedOil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.OIL India Ltd.Oregon State UniversityPacific Northwest National LaboratoryReliance Industries Ltd.SchlumbergerTechnical University of BerlinTexas A&M UniversityUniversity of California, San DiegoUniversity of CardiffUniversity of New HampshireUniversität BremenUniversity of Rhode IslandU.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Geological SurveyU.S. National Science FoundationWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionIndian NGHP Expedition 01 Science Party

iv

Expedition 01 ScientistsArun Vasant Sathe Indian Co-Chief Scientist KDMIPE, ONGC Dehra Dun 248001 India Sathe_av@ongc.co.in Phone: +91 1352755871 Fax: +91 135 2755265

Arun Kumar Sethi Indian Co-Chief Scientist A 103 Abhyant Apartments Vasundhara Enclave Delhi 110096 India

Pushpendra Kumar Indian Co-Chief Scientist Institute of Engineering & Ocean Technology (IEOT) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC) Panvel, Navi Mumbai - 410221 India pushpendrakumar_2005@yahoo.com Phone: +91 22 27454453 Fax: +91 22 27453692

Warren Agena Physical Properties Specialist U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program Denver Federal Center Box 25046, MS 939 Denver, Colo. 80225 USA wagena@usgs.gov Phone: (303) 236-5751 Fax: (303) 236-0459

Edwin Baars Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro Engineers B.V. PO Box 250 2260 AG Leidschendam The Netherlands

Timothy S. Collett Expedition Project Manager/Co-Chief Scientist U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program Denver Federal Center Box 25046, MS 939 Denver, Colo. 80225 USA tcollett@usgs.gov Phone: (303) 236-5731 Fax: (303) 236-0459

Michael Riedel Co-Chief Scientist Natural Resources Canada 9860 West Saanich Rd. PO Box 600 Sidney, British Columbia Canada V8L 4B2 mriedel@nrcan.gc.ca Phone: 250-363-6422 Fax: 250-363-6565

James Cochran Co-Chief Scientist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W Palisades, N.Y. 10964 USA jrc@ldeo.columbia.edu

Ray Boswell Co-Chief Scientist National Energy Technology Laboratory 3610 Collins Ferry Road P.O. Box 880, M/S 102 Morgantown, W. Va. 26507 USA Ray.boswell@netl.doe.gov Phone: (304) 285-4541 Fax: (304) 285-4216

v

Roeland Baas Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro Engineers B.V. PO Box 250 2260 AG Leidschendam The Netherlands

Ann Cook Logging Specialist, LDEO Borehole Research Group Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University 61 Rt. 9W Palisades, N.Y. 10964 USA acook@ldeo.columbia.edu Phone: (845) 365-8796 Fax: (845) 365-8365

Taro Coraspe Nakai Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro McClelland Marine Geosciences 6100 Hillcroft, Suite 400 Houston, Tex. 77081 USA tcoraspe@fugro.com Phone: (713) 369-5600

Martijn de Wit Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro Engineers B.V. PO Box 250 2260 AG Leidschendam The Netherlands

Matthew Druce Pressure Coring Specialist GEOTEK 3 Faraday Close Drayton Fields Daventry Northants NN11 8RD United Kingdom matt@geotek.co.uk Phone: +44 1327 311 555 Fax: +44 1327 311 666

Janine Fraschetti Sedimentologist University of New Hampshire Department of Earth Sciences 56 College Road, James Hall Durham, N.H. 03824 USA escirocks@gmail.com Phone: (603) 862-4080 Fax: (603) 862-2649

Liviu Giosan Sedimentologist Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute 360 Woods Hole Road, MS #22 Woods Hole, Mass. 02543 USA lgiosan@whoi.edu Phone: (508) 289-2257

Gilles Guèrin Logging Staff Scientist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Borehole Research Group PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W Palisades, N.Y. 10964 USA guerin@ldeo.columbia.edu Phone: (845) 365-8671 Fax: (845) 365-3182

Alexandra Hangsterfer Inorganic Geochemist Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, Calif. 92093-0208 USA

Melanie Holland Pressure Coring Specialist GEOTEK 3 Faraday Close Drayton Fields Daventry Northants NN11 8RD United Kingdom melanie@geotek.co.uk Phone: (44) 1327 311666 Fax: (44) 1327 311555

vi

Gary D. Humphrey Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro McClleland Marine Geosciences 6100 Hillcroft Houston, Tex. 77081 USA ghumphrey@fugro.com Phone: (713) 369-5579 Fax: (713) 369-5570

Glendon B. Hunsinger Organic Geochemist Binghamton University Department of Geological Sciences Science 1 POB 6000 Binghamton, N.Y. 13902 USA Ghunsin1@binghamton.edu Phone: (607) 777-2264 Fax: (607) 777-2288

Joel E. Johnson Sedimentologist University of New Hampshire Department of Earth Sciences 56 College Road, James Hall Durham, N.H. 03824 USA Joel.johnson@unh.edu Phone: (603) 862-4080 Fax: (603) 862-2649

Woodong Jung Organic Geochemist Geochemical & Environmental Research Group (GERG) Texas A&M University 833 Graham Road College Station, Tex. 77845 USA woodong@tamu.edu Phone: (979) 862-2323 Fax: (979) 862-2361

Miriam Kastner Inorganic Geochemist Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, Calif. 92093-0212 USA mkastner@ucsd.edu Phone: (858) 534-2065 Fax: (858) 822-4945

Arvid Kramer Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro Engineers B.V. PO Box 250 2260 AG Leidschendam The Netherlands

Herald Lamers Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro Engineers B.V. PO Box 250 2260 AG Leidschendam The Netherlands

Philip E. Long Physical Properties Specialist: IR Imaging Environmental Technology Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 790 6th Street/ ETB Room 1223 Richland, Wash. 99354 USA philip.long@pnl.gov Phone: (509) 372-6090 Fax: (509) 372-6089

Tom Lorenson Organic Geochemist U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Team 345 Middlefield Road, MS-999 Menlo Park, Calif. 94025 USA tlorenson@usgs.gov Phone: (650) 329-4186 Fax: (650) 329-5441

Alberto Malinverno Logging Staff Scientist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University 61 Route 9W Palisades, N.Y. 10964 USA alberto@ldeo.columbia.edu Phone: (845) 365-8577 Fax: (845) 365-3182

Stefan Mrozewski Logging Specialist, LDEO Borehole Research Group Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University 61 Rt. 9W Palisades, N.Y. 10964 USA

vii

George Olive Physical Properties Specialist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W Palisades, N.Y. 10964 USA gco2101@columbia.edu

Pedro Enrique Regino Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro McClelland Marine Geosciences 6100 Hillcroft, Suite 400 Houston, Tex. 77081 USA pregino@fugro.com Phone: (713) 369-5600 Fax: (713) 369-5570

John Roberts Pressure Coring Specialist GEOTEK 3 Faraday Close Drayton Fields Daventry Northants NN11 8RD United Kingdom john@geotek.co.uk Phone: +44 1327 311 555 Fax: +44 1327 311 666

Gretchen Robertson Inorganic Geochemist Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, MC#0212 La Jolla, Calif. 92093-0208 USA garobertson@ucsd.edu Phone: (858) 534-1826 Fax: (858) 822-4945

Kelly Rose Sedimentologist National Energy Technology Laboratory 3610 Collins Ferry Road PO Box 880 Morgantown, W. Va. 26507-880 USA kelly.rose@netl.doe.gov Phone: (304) 285-4157

Martin Rothfuss Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro Engineers B.V. PO Box 250 2260 AG Leidschendam The Netherlands

Golam M. Sarker Logging Staff Scientist Borehole Research Group Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory 61 Route 9W Palisades, N.Y. 10964 USA sarker@LDEO.columbia.edu Phone: (845) 365-3182 Fax: (845)-365-8365

H. Todd Schaef Physical Properties Specialist: IR Imaging Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard P.O. Box 999 Richland, Wash. 99352 USA todd.schaef@pnl.gov Phone: (509) 376-5368 Fax: (509) 373-9949

Peter Schultheiss Pressure Coring Specialist GEOTEK 3 Faraday Close Drayton Fields Daventry Northants NN11 8RD United Kingdom peter@geotek.co.uk Phone: (44) 1327 311666 Fax: (44) 1327 311555

Evan A. Solomon Inorganic Geochemist Geoscience Research Division Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, Calif. 92093-0208 USA esolomon@ucsd.edu Phone: (858) 534-4857 Fax: (858) 822-4945

viii

Lawrence Soosainathan Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro McClelland Marine Geosciences 6100 Hillcroft, Suite 400 Houston, Tex. 77081 USA lsoosainathan@fugro.com Phone: 713-369-5600 Fax: 713-369-5570

Arthur J. Spivak Inorganic Geochemist Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island South Ferry Road Narragansett, R.I. 02882 USA spivack@gso.uri.edu Phone: (401) 423-0063 Fax: (401) 874-6811

Jody Stecher Inorganic Geochemist 2755 N. Beaver Creek Rd Seal Rock, Oreg. 97376 USA

Marta E. Torres Inorganic Geochemist College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University 104 Ocean Administration Bldg. Corvallis, Oreg. 97331-5503 USA mtorres@coas.oregonstate.edu Phone: (541) 737-2902 Fax: (541) 737-2064

Floris Tuynder Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro Engineers B.V. PO Box 250 2260 AG Leidschendam The Netherlands f.tuynder@fugro.nl

Ricardo Warmelink Pressure Coring Specialist Fugro Engineers B.V. PO Box 250 2260 AG Leidschendam The Netherlands

William J. Winters Physical Properties Specialist U.S. Geological Survey 384 Woods Hole Road Woods Hole, Mass. 02543 USA bwinters@usgs.gov Phone: (508) 457-2358 Fax: (508) 457-2310

MD Nauroz Ahmad Physical Properties Specialist Directorate General of Hydrocarbons 11th Floor, H.T. House 18-20, Kasturba Gandhi Marg New Delhi – 11001 India Naurozahmad02@yahoo.co.in Phone: +91 9313095924

Om Prakash Arya Logging Specialist Suptdg. Geophysicist (Wells) Room No. 216, Petrophysics Division Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC) KDMIPE, Kaulagarh Road Dehradun, Uttaranchal, 248195 India Oparya65@gmail.com Phone: +91 13 52796409 Fax: +91 1352755265

Firoz K. Badesab Geochemist Goa Housing Board Colony ME-3 (E-Building) Amrai Nagar Nagzer, Curti, Ponda Goa – 403401 India Firoz2u2002@yahoo.co.in Phone: +91 0 9823988769 Fax: +91 0 8322450602

Pramit Basu Sedimentologist 5th Floor, A-Wing PHQ DAKC Thane-Belapur Road Koparkhairane, Navi Mumbai Maharashtra 400709 India Pramit.basu@ril.com Phone: +91 9322991153

ix

Prabhakar Singh Bisht Sedimentologist B-17/5, ONGC Colony Kavlagarh Road Dehra Dun – (VA) PIN: 248195 India Prabhakr_bisht@yahoo.com Phone: +91 0135 2752140

D.V. Borole Geochemist Geological Oceanography National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 India dnyan@nio.org Phone: +91 0 8322450331 Fax: +91 0 8322450602

B.B. Chabbra Geochemist 952, Indira Nagar Colony P.O. New Forest Dehra Dun (Uttaranchal) 248006 India bbchabra@indiatimes.com Phone: +91 1352795644

Debasis Chaudhuri Geophysicist Suptdg. Geophysicist KDMIPE, ONGC Dehradun – 248195 India

Hamendra Chandra Das Geochemist R&D Centre Oil India Ltd P.O. – Duliajan PIN-786 602 Dist-Dibrugarh Assam India hcdas@oilindia.in Phone: +91 374 2806322 Fax: +91 374 2800522

Suresh Kumar Dewri Physical Properties Specialist IEOT Gas Hydrate & Advanced Composite Materials Section ONGC Phase-II Panvel, Navi Mumbai – 410 221 India suresh.dewri@gmail.com Phone: +91 22 27454453 Fax: +91 22 27486357

Rajeev Dhupar Superintending Engineer (Drilling) Institute of Drilling Technology (IDT) ONGC, Kaulagarh Road Dehradun – 248195 India

I. Dutta Logging Specialist DGH, H.T. House 18-20 KG Marg New Delhi – 11001 India idutta@dghindia.org Phone: +011-23717630 Fax: +011-23352649

Christabelle Fernandes National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 India ramana@nio.org Phone: +918322450493 Fax: +9183222450609

Krishnanga Gohain Chief Geologist Oil India Ltd P.O. – Duliajan PIN-786 602 Dist-Dibrugarh, Assam India Phone: +91 374 2806322 Fax: +91 374 2800522

x

Sudipta Das Gupta Sedimentologist PHQ, 5th Floor, A-Wing Dakc, Koparkhairane Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra PIN: 400709 India Sudipta.dasgupta@ril.com Phone: +91 9322991152 Fax: +91 22 30371699

A.K. Jain Microbiologist Microbiology Department KDMIPE, ONGC Dehradun – 248195 India akjain15@rediffmail.com Phone: +91 135 2755265 Fax: +91 135 2795647

Muralidhar Kocherla Sedimentologist Scientist C National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 India Phone: +918322450493 Fax: +9183222450609

Anbazhagan Krishnamoorthy Geochemist Gail (India) Limited 16, Bhikaiji Cama Place R.K. Puram, New Delhi – 110 066 India k.anbazhagan@gail.co.in Phone: +91 11 26182955 Fax: +91 11 26185941 EXTN 2957#

Syamalendu Mahanti Sedimentologist Geology Division S&T Building Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd KDMIPE, Kaulagarh Road Dehradun, Uttaranchal, 248195 India S_mahanti@rediffmail.com Phone: +91 1352795184

R.S. Malviya Physical Properties Specialist IEOT Gas Hydrate & Advanced Composite Materials Section ONGC Phase-II Panvel, Navi Mumbai – 410 221 India rsmalviya@gmail.com Phone: +91 22 27454453 Fax: +91 22 27486358

Venkata Ramana Mangipudi Scientist F National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 India ramana@nio.org Phone: +918322450493 Fax: +9183222450609

Aninda Mazumdar Geochemist Geological Oceanography National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa - 403004 India maninda@nio.org Phone: +918322450493 Fax: +9183222450609

Gajanan Purushhotam Naik Scientist E National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 India Phone: +918322450493 Fax: +9183222450609

Kumar Narenda Drilling Specialist Deputy Manager (P) Gail (India) Limited 16, Bhikaiji Cama Place R.K. Puram, New Delhi – 110 066 India Phone: +91 11 26182955 Fax: +91 11 26185941

Ajeeth Xavier Parapullil Geochemist 24, Kamla Nagar, Opp. ONGC Hospital, Ballupur Dehradun-248001, Uttaranchal India parapullil_ax@ongc.co.in Phone: +91 135 2795277

xi

Aditya Peketi Geochemist National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa – 403004 India Phone: 0832-2450331

S. Prabhakaran Sedimentologist Sedimentology Lab Geology Division Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC) KDMIPE, Kaulagarh Road Dehradun, Uttaranchal, 248195 India dspraba@yahoo.com Phone: +91 1352795564

S. Ramakrishna Physical Properties Specialist Directorate General of Hydrocarbons 11th floor, 18-20 H-T House KG MARG, New Delhi – 11001 India Rams4u_12@yahoo.co.in Phone: +91 9891037468 Fax: +91 1123352649

S. Ramish National Institute of Ocean Technology Pallilearanai, Chennai 601302 Tamil Nadu India Phone: +91 44 66783382 Fax: +91 44 22460007

Bandaru Amaralingeswara Rao Logging Specialist SG (Wells) Directorate General of Hydrocarbons 11th Floor, Hindustan Times House Kasturba Gandhi Marg New Delhi – 110001 India Rao_ba1952@yahoo.co.in Phone: +91 011 23352617 Extn. 277

B.R. Rao Geochemist Geological Oceanography National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa – 403 004 India bandaru@nio.org Phone: +910832 2450401 Fax: +91832 245602

Vijayan Sivapragasam Physical Properties Specialist National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paulo, Goa – 403 004 India vijayans@nio.org Phone: 0832-2450331

A. K. Sinha Geochemist Geochemistry Division KDMIPE, ONGC Dehradun – 248 195 India aks1962@gmail.com Phone: +91 135 2755265 Fax: +91 135 2795674

Deepika Sharma Physical Properties Specialist Directorate General of Hydrocarbons 11th floor, 18-20 H-T House KG MARG, New Delhi – 11001 India Deepi_sharma@yahoo.co.in Phone: +91 9313560321 Fax: +91 1123352649

Om Prakash Sharma Logging Specialist Deputy General Manager (Wells) Petrophysical Research Division KDMIPE, ONGC Dehradun – 248 195 India ops_sss@yahoo.com

Manisha Shri Sedimentologist Flat No-44, Pocket-4, Sector 24 Aakash Ganga Apartments Rohini-Delhi 110085 India Maniparashar21@yahoo.com Phone: +91 9313337698

Krishna Srivastava Sri Superintending Chemist IEOT, ONGC Panvel, Navi Mumbai - 410221 India Phone: +91 22 27486360

xii

Transocean officials

NGHP shipboard personnel and technical representatives

Alex Simpson Master of Drilling Vessel Overseas Drilling Ltd.

Pete Mowat Master of Drilling Vessel Overseas Drilling Ltd.

Wayne Malone Drilling Superintendent Overseas Drilling Ltd.

Tim McCown Drilling Superintendent Overseas Drilling Ltd.

Jim Brewton Marine Computer Specialist

Klayton Curtis Laboratory Specialist: Physical Properties

John Davis Marine Computer Specialist

Roy T. Davis Laboratory Specialist: Chemistry

Javier Espinosa Schlumberger Engineer

Jennifer Ferris Laboratory Specialist: Microbiology

Lisa Hawkins Marine Curatorial Specialist

Karen Johnston Laboratory Specialist: Core

Inetimi Ingibina Schlumberger Logger

Peter Kannberg Laboratory Specialist: Downhole Tools

Steven Kittredge Schlumberger Engineer

Jurie Kotze Marine Instrumentation Specialist

Abhijeet Nayan Schlumberger Logger

Heather Paul Laboratory Officer

Jennifer Presley Project Secretariat

Pieter Pretorius Marine Instrumentation Specialist

Shivek Ranjan Schlumberger Logger

Patrick Riley Laboratory Specialist: Core

Alexander Roth Laboratory Specialist: Physical Properties

Ritesh Shah Schlumberger Logger

Michael Storms Operations Superintendent

Johanna Suhonen Laboratory Specialist: Core

Paul Ténière Laboratory Officer

Bradley Weymer Laboratory Specialist: Core

Robert Wheatley Laboratory Specialist: Chemistry

xiii

Acknowledgments

As Chairman of the Steering Committee of Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP), Mr. M.S. Srinivasan, Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas accorded all the approvals for the execution of NGHP Expedition 01. The keen interest and priority accorded by Mr. Srinivasan demonstrated the high level of commitment of the Government of India for exploration and research activities pertaining to gas hydrates and for developing gas hydrates as an energy resource. We are grateful to Mr. Srinivasan for his wholehearted help and support in the program. The support extended by all the members of NGHP Steering Committee is hereby acknowledged.

The financial support for the NGHP Expedition 01, from the Oil Industry Development Board, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., GAIL (India) Ltd. and Oil India Ltd. is gratefully acknowl-edged. The authors acknowledge the support extended by all the participating organizations of the NGHP: MoP&NG, DGH, ONGC, GAIL, OIL, NIO, NIOT, and RIL. The authors are also thankful to Mr. K.A. Murali, Mr. S.K. Singh, and Mr. R.K. Mathur, of DGH who made all the necessary arrangements for various clearances for the NGHP Expedition 01.

Various scientists belonging to the constituents of the NGHP have contributed immensely to the success of the NGHP in general, and Expedition 01 in particular. We gratefully acknowledge their contributions, especially those of Mr. A.K. Sethi, Dr. Pushpendra Kumar, and Mr. A.V. Sathe.

Dr. T.S. Collett, as Co-Chief Scientist from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), coordi-nated not only the science project but also helped DGH in the planning, coordination, and execu-tion of the NGHP Expedition 01. Dr. Collett was instrumental in mobilizing the entire team of scientists from various international organizations and also from the United States Department of Energy (USDOE). NGHP is extremely grateful for all his support.

Thanks to all the consortium members of NGHP Expedition 01, including Overseas Drilling Ltd. for providing the research vessel JOIDES Resolution and the drilling crew and support staff, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for LWD/Wire-line Logging tools and operations, Fugro/GEOTEK for pressure coring tools and laboratory science support and the USGS for scien-tific staffing and critical technical expertise. Additional technical support and equipment were provided to this project by members of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, including the Joint Oceanographic Institutes and Texas A&M University.

The authors are thankful to USDOE for making available specialty tools such as the infrared core imaging system, coring tools, seismic sources and the pressure core transfer van and also for sponsoring studies by some of the science teams involved in this effort.

Thanks are expressed to all the science team members of the NGHP Expedition 01 for their contribution and the time on the ship, leaving their homes and families for long durations.

It was the combined team effort of all mentioned above that led to the success of this expedition.

xv

Contents

Expedition Summary ......................................................................................................................................1

Methods.........................................................................................................................................................35

Site NGHP-01-01.........................................................................................................................................107

Site NGHP-01-02.........................................................................................................................................165

Site NGHP-01-03.........................................................................................................................................183

Site NGHP-01-04.........................................................................................................................................271

Site NGHP-01-05.........................................................................................................................................287

Site NGHP-01-06.........................................................................................................................................381

Site NGHP-01-07.........................................................................................................................................397

Site NGHP-01-08.........................................................................................................................................491

Site NGHP-01-09.........................................................................................................................................507

Sites NGHP-01-10, 12, and 13 ...................................................................................................................523

Site NGHP-01-11.........................................................................................................................................653

Site NGHP-01-14.........................................................................................................................................669

Site NGHP-01-15.........................................................................................................................................747

Site NGHP-01-16.........................................................................................................................................835

Site NGHP-01-17.........................................................................................................................................893

Site NGHP-01-18.......................................................................................................................................1049

Site NGHP-01-19.......................................................................................................................................1113

Site NGHP-01-20.......................................................................................................................................1213

Site NGHP-01-21.......................................................................................................................................1265

References Cited......................................................................................................................................1317

Glossary .....................................................................................................................................................1327Appendix 1. NGHP Expedition 01 Operations Schedule ................................................................1335Appendix 2. NGHP Expedition 01 Operations Statistics .................................................................1359Appendix 3. Singapore Pressure Core Studies ...............................................................................1411Appendix 4. Downhole Measurement Lab Tool Test Report .........................................................1439