Indian Migration

7/25/2019 Indian Migration

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BEST EMIGRATION OPTIONS FOR INDIANS


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Table of Contents

Part A: A History of Indian Emigration...........................................................................................3

Part B: Non-Indian Resident Success Stories..................................................................................6

Part C: eciding to !a"e t#e !o$e: %#e Introduction..................................................................&

A'S%RA(IA...........................................................................................................................)*

CANAA................................................................................................................................33

E'R+PE..................................................................................................................................,

SINAP+RE.........................................................................................................................../

H+N 0+N.......................................................................................................................))1

S+'%H A2RICA...................................................................................................................)31

Part : S'!!AR....................................................................................................................),,

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PART A: A HISTORY OF INDIAN EMIGRATION

%#e story of Indian migration t#roug#out t#e 4or5d is a 5oody one fi55ed 4it# co5oni7ation8

e95oitation8 and imeria5 ru5e. ;#i5e not a55 Indian e9i5ed eo5e t#e 4or5d o$er8 t#ey

constrained t#em into t#eir osition8 a sustantia5 segment of t#em 4as. At 5east 6 mi55ion of t#eorigina5 Indian immigrants 5eft as a resu5t of Britis# co5oni7ation8 5aor s5a$ery and indentured

ser$itude. ;#en immigration ecame a c#oice8 most #eaded to t#e 'nited 0ingdom due to t#e

scarcity of 5aorers t#ere. +t#ers mo$ed t#roug#out t#e rest of Euroe8 and a fe4 mo$ed to

;estern arts of t#e 'nited States. +t#ers mo$ed to Canada.

Movement during Colonial Rule

uring t#e 5ast ), years and articu5ar5y during t#e )&t# century8 most of t#e migration from

India occurred ecause of co5onia5 ru5e t#roug#out t#e area. It a55 started 4#en Britis#

co5onia5ists in$aded t#e area and re5ied on s5a$ery from India to meet muc# of t#eir 5aor needs.

%#e co5onies 4ou5d not on5y deend on t#em to get 4or" done in t#e Indian co5onies8 ut t#ey

4ou5d a5so s#i t#em ac" #ome to 4or" t#ere as 4e55. %#e immigration of Indian citi7ens

t#roug#out Britain and surrounding countries during t#e )&t# century 4as ecause of t#is factor.

E$en after t#e stoage of s5a$ery in )/338 t#e attern of immigration continued8 and some

4ou5d argue t#at it intensified. %#e Britis# co5onies and t#e country itse5f sti55 needed 5ots of

5aor8 and t#e on5y t#ing t#at c#anged 4as t#e fact t#at 4or" 4asn8 Britain a5so egan

sending Indian 5aor o$er to !auritius as 4e55. Indians 4ere s#ied a55 o$er t#e 4or5d to ser$e

as 5aorers8 and y t#e year )// t#ey 4ere 5ocated in uyana8 Nata58 Suriname8 2i?i8 and

%rinidad. It 4as ecause t#e Britis# co5onists #ad need of 5aorers8 and t#ey ecame re5iant onIndians to meet t#at ro5e o$er t#e years.

How Indentued Conta!ts "o#ed

After ao5is#ing s5a$ery8 t#e main indentured ser$ants of s5a$ery for o$er /1 years 4ere Indians.

%#e citi7ens around t#e 4or5d 4ere a55o4ed to continue to ta"e ad$antage of t#e Indians and use

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t#em for t#e afforda5e 5aor t#at t#ey needed. %#e ser$ants 4ou5d sign u for a fi$e-year

contract to get started 4or"ing for a #ome in a different country. Aart from t#ose 4#o escaed

after fi$e-year contract8 most 4ere ad$ised to e9tend t#e contract for ayment or iece of 5and.

%#e ot#er otion 4as t#at t#ey ?ust continued 4or"ing under t#e origina5 agreement after t#e first

fi$e years to a$oid eing s#ied ac" #ome. Indentured ser$ants did not ecome fu55 citi7ens of

t#e country t#ey 4ent to8 and 4#en t#ey 4ere no 5onger of use8 t#ey cou5d e sent a4ay once

again.

%#roug#out t#e co5oni7ation of India and e9tending t#roug# t#e eriod of indentured ser$itude of

t#e eo5e of India8 it=s estimated t#at around 6 mi55ion 5eft Indian s#ores to #ead off to different

countries. Around )., mi55ion made it to Sri (an"a8 * mi55ion 4ent to !a5aya8 and anot#er *.,

mi55ion 4ent o$er to Burma8 among ot#er 5ocations.

Emigration to North America

Bet4een t#e years of )/*1 and )&118 around 11 eo5e tra$e55ed from India to t#e 'nited

States. %#irty years after t#at eriod8 t#e numer rose to around /811 immigrants8 most of 4#om

made t#e tri to 4or" in agricu5ture in Ca5ifornia.

In )&1>8 aout )11 Indians made t#eir 4ay to Canada as art of t#e Britis# Emire. +$er t#e ne9t

t#ree years8 t#at numer rose to o$er ,8111 Indians. %#en t#e country egan restricting t#e f5o4

of Indians to t#e area t#roug# ne4 5egis5ation t#at demanded t#at anyone entering Canada come

direct5y from t#eir origina5 country of citi7ens#i8 4#ic# 4as imossi5e for t#ose 5i$ing in India.

Curing t#e f5o4 of Indians to t#e area unti5 it c#anges in t#e 5a4 a55o4ed it to oen ac" u 4it#

a $engeance some 61 years 5ater.

Emigrating to Britain

%#roug#out t#e eriod of t#e Britis# Ra?8 t#ere 4as a sma55 amount of free Indian emigration to

Britain8 ut it t#ere 4as a restriction to t#e 4e55-educated citi7ens on5y. Anyone 4#o didn


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Indians Become Free to Travel

' unti5 )&66 t#e ai5ity to tra$e5 out of India 4as ased on a decision y t#e Indian go$ernment.

If t#ey decided you 4ere 4ort#y8 t#en you 4ere free to go to a different country. If not you

4ou5d e stuc" in India. After a ru5ing #ad deemed t#at Indians #ad a @rig#t to tra$e5@8 t#ere 4asa 5arge-sca5e immigration from India to t#e 'nited 0ingdom. A mi9 of 5o4-s"i55ed8 #ig#5y

s"i55ed8 and rofessiona5 citi7ens made t#e tri across t#e 4ater to find to a ne4 5ife in 4#at 4as

t#en a ost-4ar country. !any of t#ese 4or"ers 4ere 4e5comed to t#e area during t#at eriod

ecause t#ere 4as a rea5 need for 5o4-s"i55ed 5aor in t#e fie5d at t#e time.

The Indian Population Grows in the nited !ingdom

2rom t#e )&61=s to 5ate &1=s t#e 'nited 0ingdom 4as t#e main destination for Indian emigrants

interested in Euroe. Aout t4o-t#irds of a55 t#e et#nic Indians in Euroe resided in t#e 'nited

0ingdom. By *11)8 t#ere 4ere more t#an one mi55ion et#nic Indians in t#e 'nited 0ingdom.

Native Indians "ead #or North America

;#i5e t#ere 4as a minor 5e$e5 of emigration from India into Nort# America efore )&6,8 t#e

5e$e5s ic"ed u significant5y after t#e )&6, Immigration Act. %#ey got rid of nationa5 origin

uotas8 and it ecame ossi5e for #ig#5y s"i55ed Indian 4or"ers to go to t#e 'nited States a5ong

4it# t#eir fami5ies. After t#e origina5 Immigration Act8 t#e Indian ou5ation egan to gro4

sustantia55y in t#e 'nited States and Indian 4or"ers 4ere uic"5y recogni7ed as #ig#5y s"i55ed

and re5ia5e.

In )&&,8 t#e Immigration Act of )&&1 4ent into fu55 effect and made it ossi5e for #ig#5y

ua5ified Indian rofessiona5s to immigrate to t#e country using t#e H-)B temorary 4or"er

category. %#e $isa gi$es e9erts 4it# a ac#e5or=s degree or #ig#er ermission to 4or" in

secia5ty occuations 5i"e engineers8 I% secia5ists8 and scientists. Since t#e de$e5oment of t#e

H-)B designation8 Indian nationa5s #a$e een t#e most freuent nationa5ity to use it to get to t#e

'nited States. %#e temorary $isa gi$es a articu5ar em5oyer t#e ai5ity to #ire a foreign

nationa5 to 4or" at t#e usiness for t#ree years. After t#at eriod8 t#e comany can a5y for

anot#er t#ree years of 4or" from t#e 4or"ers. ;#en t#at time reac#ed8 it=s ossi5e to a5y for

fu55 citi7ens#i for t#e em5oyee if t#e comany 4ants to ursue t#e otion.

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Bet4een )&/6 and *11,8 t#e tota5 numer of Indian immigrants coming to t#e country ?umed u

from *8111 a year to /,8111. By *11/8 Indians made u aout ,. ercent of a55 eo5e a5ying

for 5a4fu5 ermanent 5i$ing arrangement in t#e 'nited States8 as er t#e '.S. eartment of

Home5and Security. By *118 t#e tota5 si7e of t#e Indian community 4it#in t#e 'nited States

assed t#e *., mi55ion mar"ers8 ma"ing t#em a significant ortion of t#e ou5ation t#at arri$ed

as #ig#5y rofessiona5s< immigrants.

Indians Bring $%ill and Education to the nited $tates

Indian 4or"ers eing "no4n for eing #ig#5y s"i55ed and 4e55-educated in t#e 'nited States8

most5y ecause t#e on5y immigrants acceted into t#e country are #ig#5y trained and ro$ide to

ua5ity 4or". %#ey are 4e55-"no4n for fi55ing $a5ua5e comuter ro5es in t#e country8 and y

*11)8 /* ercent of a55 t#e H-)B eneficiaries in t#e comuter industry 4ere Indian-ornciti7ens.

(oo"ing at t#ese statistics8 if you are interested in emigrating from India to t#e 'nited States8 it=s

in your est interests to ui5d a career in a comuter-re5ated industry. If you don=t en?oy 4or"ing

4it# comuters8 you can re5y on anot#er secia5i7ed career suc# as engineer or scientist to #e5

you otain an H-)B $isa as 4e55. Immigrating to t#e 'nited States isn=t as easy as it used to e8

ut 4it# t#e rig#t credentia5s it=s sti55 a re5ati$e5y straig#tfor4ard rocess. Indians #a$e een

migrating a55 around t#e 4or5d since t#e eginning of t#e )&t# century8 and t#at=s not aout toc#ange anytime soon. If you=re interested in 5i$ing in anot#er country8 your est otion is eit#er

Nort# America or Euroe. %#ey #a$e some of t#e most oen immigration o5icies8 4it# 5oca5

economies t#at suort secia5ist ositions.

PART B: NON$INDIAN RESIDENT S%CCESS STORIES

Ha$ing success t#roug# immigration 5arge5y deends on t#e s"i55s t#at you #a$e to offer and #o4

you 5e$erage t#em. P5enty of successfu5 non-resident Indians started y ui5ding u t#eir

education at t#eir nati$e #ome efore #eading out aroad. If you 4ant to e successfu5 yourse5f8

it ma"es sense to try and decide on t#e career t#at interests you most8 and t#en ursue it at #ome

efore 5ea$ing. %#ere is a $ariety of career otions to c#oose from8 and 4it# t#e rig#t aroac#

you can e successfu5 at any of t#em. Essentia55y $erify t#at you #a$e done your researc# and

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"ne4 #o4 you 5an to roceed. %#e fo55o4ing success stories s#o4 4#at is ossi5e t#roug# #ard

4or"8 and eac# s#ou5d #e5 moti$ate you to ursue your success a 5itt5e it more.

So !any %#at !o$ed and ;ere Successfu5 ;it#in Austra5ia

+ne of t#e rimary destinations for Indians to migrate to is Austra5ia8 esecia55y since )&3 after

5ifting of ;#ite Austra5ia Po5icy. %#ere 4ere o$er >18111 Indians 5i$ing in t#e country since it

seemed more aea5ing t#an Sout# Africa or Euroe. In t#is unaea5ing nations8 one sti55 mig#t

e faced additiona5 c#arges and ressure for migrating to t#ese ot#er countries for a ne4 start.

%#ere are so many Indians t#at mo$ed to Austra5ia and started a ne4 5ife8 4#ic# it is #ard to

c#oose ?ust one of t#eir stories. Here are a #andfu5 of Indian-Austra5ians t#at continue to ma"e a

difference in t#eir ne4 country.

(isa Sing# 4as t#e first Indian federa5 o5itician for Austra5ia. S#e 4as origina55y a (aor

Senator for %asmania 5a48 and current5y8 s#e is sti55 in o5itica5 office as t#e S#ado4

Par5iamentary Secretary for t#e En$ironment8 C5imate C#ange8 and ;ater. In addition to #er

story8 many ot#er Indian-Austra5ians #a$e found t#eir ca55ing in Austra5ian o5itics and

go$ernment ositions.

Professor eena Sa#a?4a55a 4e55 "no4n for 4inning numerous a4ards t#roug#out t#e years for

t#e 4or" t#at s#e #as done. +ne of t#e most nota5e a4ards 4as t#e *11/ Ne4 Sout# ;a5es

Scientist of t#e ear A4ard. %#e President of Engineers in Austra5ia is !ar5ene 0anga8 a5so an

Indian. r. Harry Harinat# is t#e C#airman of t#e Cric"et Ne4 Sout# ;a5es Board. Anot#er ig

name in Austra5ia t#at came from Indian roots is Ara$ind Adiga8 4#o 4rote ;#ite %iger and 4on

t#e *11/ !an Boo"er Pri7e for t#e est-4ritten oo".

Ro#inton !istry !a"es #is Success in Canada

If you #a$en=t #eard of Ro#inton !istry8 #e=s an Indian-orn 4riter of acc5aimed success 4#o

today 5i$es in Canada. He started #is 5ife in !umai and earned a ac#e5or=s degree from St.a$ier=s Co55ege. In )&,8 #e made t#e mo$e from India to Canada 4it# #is 4ife. It 4asn=t unti5

)&/ t#at #e u5is#ed #is first oo"8 a set of )) connected s#ort stories ca55ed S4imming

(essons and ecame "no4n as a ta5ented 4riter. His second no$e58 Suc# a (ong Dourney8 4as

u5is#ed in )&&) and 4as #ig#5y successfu5 around t#e 4or5d. It ecame s#ort5isted for t#e

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Boo"er Pri7e a5t#oug# it didn=t recei$e t#e a4ard8 it did earn t#e ri7e for est oo" of )&&) y

Common4ea5t# ;riters. His t#ird oo"8 A 2ine Ba5ance8 is #is most ou5ar yet and 4as

u5is#ed in )&&,. uring t#e Boo"er Pri7e8 it came as a fina5ist for t#e8 and Ro#inton !istry

ecame8 a successfu5 Canadian 4riter 4it# dee Indian origins. Eac# of #is stories ased in India8

and t#ey are a erfect e9am5e of a erson using #is strengt#s and differences to find success.

Ro#inton !istry


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see t#e tria5s of #o4 #is race #ad to fig#t to sur$i$e 4#en t#ey first immigrated to t#e #ome

country. And for 4#om #e 5ays in t#eir sorting e$ents. He 4as named one of t#e fastest

cric"eters in centuries and continues to #o5d meda5s and a4ards for t#e 4inning ?o t#at #e does

for t#e team. He 4as a5so named one of t#e ;isden Cric"eters of t#e ear in *1)38 as 4e55 as

eing t#e fourt# cric"eter to +I in centuries against a55 test 5aying countries. He 5ayed t#e

sort t#roug#out sc#oo5 and continued to 5ay for t#e country 4#i5e 5i$ing t#ere 4it# #is fami5y.

%#ese are success stories for non-resident Indians a55 around t#e 4or5d8 ut a $ast ortion of

migrs reside in Canada8 t#e 'nited States8 and t#e 'nited 0ingdom. By reading eac# of t#e

ao$e stories8 it 4ou5d e easy to assume t#at you #a$e to e 4e55-educated to ecome a

successfu5 non-resident Indian8 ut t#at=s not entire5y t#e case. Ho4e$er8 eing 4e55-educated

ma"es immigration easier and ursuing education is often enoug# to get you into t#e country

suits your interest.

PART C: DECIDING TO MA&E THE MO'E:

The Introduction

If you gre4 u in India and you are tired of t#e 5oca5 cu5ture or economy8 you do #a$e some

immigration otions a$ai5a5e to you. ;#i5e t#ere are 5enty of oortunities ac" #ome8 you

cou5d emigrate to Euroe8 Canada8 or t#e 'nited States 4it# a it of #ard 4or" on your art and

a 5itt5e it of 5uc". %o ecome a citi7en of anot#er country8 you sim5y need to offer somet#ing

t#at t#ey 4ant. !ost of t#e time t#is means ta"ing u a rofession t#at is in #ig# demand t#ere.

;#i5e ecoming a citi7en isn=t a sim5e rocess for most eo5e8 you s#ou5d e a5e to

accom5is# t#e mo$e 4it# enoug# 5anning.

$chool )isa

!ost countries offer a study ermit if you are interested in tra$e5ing aroad to furt#er youreducation. A study $isa is a good 4ay to #e5 you go to 4#ere country you=re interested in and to

5earn more aout it 4#i5e you are t#ere. Not on5y 4i55 you get an education8 ut you 4i55 a5so

#a$e t#e oortunity to 5earn aout t#e cu5ture 4#i5e you=re t#ere and ui5d u a net4or" of

connections. A55 t#e connections t#at you ma"e 4#i5e in your ne4 5ocation can #e5 you ecome

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a ermanent resident of t#e area8 and cou5d e ?ust 4#at you need to get into t#e country

ermanent5y.

Researc# t#e different sc#oo5s t#at you 4ant to attend and ma"e sure t#at you meet a55 t#e

admission reuirements. %#at=s t#e first and most imortant ste t#at you need to consider. 2romt#ere you sim5y #a$e to a5y for t#e $isa and 4ait to e aro$ed. %#e a5ication rocedure

may ta"e as 5itt5e as se$era5 4ee"s or as 5ong as many mont#s8 deending on 4#ic# country you

are trying to re5ocate.

&or% )isa

!any countries8 inc5uding t#e 'nited States8 offer 4or" $isas to a5icants 4#o are deemed

ua5ified to recei$e t#em. %#ese $isas usua55y are focused on different rofessions t#at are in

#ig# demand in t#e articu5ar 5ocation. If you are trained and #a$e e9erience in one of t#ese

occuations8 you may e a5e to get into t#e country on a 4or" $isa. It=s imortant to rea5i7e t#at

a 4or" $isa usua55y isn=t ermanent rig#t a4ay and t#at you 4i55 on5y get into t#e country for a

secified eriod. isas 5i"e t#e H-)B $isa in t#e 'nited States 4i55 5et you stay for u to 6 years

at a articu5ar comany. But to ua5ify for it in t#e first 5ace8 you #a$e to secia5i7e in a

tec#nica5 industry. Standard c#oices are comuter secia5ist8 scientist8 or engineer.

2or you to reac# t#e country8 you


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getting t#e aer4or" toget#er to #e5 you ecome a citi7en of t#e country t#at you 5i$e. It 4i55

e time-consuming8 ut a55 t#ings 4ort# ursuing are.

Naturali*ation

Natura5i7ation is a rocess 4#ere you ecome an officia5 citi7en of anot#er country. %o ecome a

fu55-time citi7en of a country8 you need to 5i$e t#ere for a set numer of years8 and after t#at you

need to a5y for natura5i7ation. In t#e 'nited States8 t#e term is fi$e years8 after 4#ic# you can

a5y for natura5i7ation and continue to 5i$e out your years in t#e 'nited States as a citi7en J as

5ong as you are aro$ed.

%o gain t#e oortunity for adotion8 you #a$e to #a$e a reason to 5i$e 5ega55y in t#e country

unti5 you #a$e met t#e minimum reuirements. !ost eo5e re5y on eit#er sc#oo58 4or" or a

comination of t#e t4o to meet t#e fu55-time reuirements of natura5i7ation. %#at means if you

4anted to ecome a ermanent citi7en of t#e 'nited States you cou5d a5y for a 4or" $isa and

go t#roug# t4o t#ree-year eriods on t#e $isa. After fi$e years of eing t#ere on your 4or" $isa8

you cou5d start 4or"ing to4ard t#ose reuirements and a5y for natura5i7ation. %urning into a

fu55 resident of anot#er nation ta"es time8 and it ta"es #ard 4or"8 ut as 5ong as you "ee

4or"ing to4ards t#e reuirements8 it=s com5ete5y ossi5e.

+o ,ou &ant to Move-

No4 t#at you "no4 #o4 to ecome a citi7en of anot#er country8 it=s imortant to ta"e t#e time to

decide if you 4is# to mo$e in t#e first 5ace. Sit do4n and as" yourse5f 4#y you 4ant to ma"e

suc# a significant c#ange in your 5ife. !aye you #a$e fami5y in t#e ot#er country8 maye t#e

ercei$ed 4ay of 5ife in t#e ot#er country aea5s to you8 or maye t#ere is somet#ing e5se.

;#ate$er your reason is8 it=s imortant t#at you get t#e information do4n on a iece of aer so

you can come ac" and 5oo" at it many times. ;#en you "no4 4#at your reasoning is8 it=s

imortant to ut it to t#e test. 2igure out a 4ay to $isit your country temorari5y to see 4#at it is

tru5y 5i"e. o t#ere on $acation8 or t#roug# a sc#oo5 rogramme8 or 4#ate$er you #a$e to do to

get t#ere. !a"e sure t#at you $isit t#e country efore you go t#ere to 4or" or to ma"e a more

ermanent mo$e. ou get time ecause of t#is to see 4#at it is 5i"e and to decide if it is rig#t for

you or not.

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After you=$e sent some time in t#e ne4 country8 you=55 roa5y rea5i7e t#at it=s uite a it

different t#an you initia55y t#oug#t. %#at doesn=t mean t#at you 4on=t 4ant to ma"e t#e mo$e8 ut

it cou5d e enoug# to c#ange your decision. erify t#at you ta"e t#e time to e$a5uate t#e otion

fu55y efore In t#e e$ent t#at you do conc5ude t#at you need to mo$e8 and t#en it is u to you to

ma"e it #aen. Start researc#ing t#e country rig#t a4ay to find out t#e different 4ays you can

5ega55y dri$e t#ere. +nce you "no4 #o4 you can mo$e to t#e country of your c#oosing8 it is time

to get to 4or" ma"ing it #aen. Start studying8 go to sc#oo58 5earn a ne4 rofession8 or do

4#ate$er it is t#at you #a$e to do to ma"e you desira5e as an immigrant. %#at is immigration.

Not e$eryone is meant to 5i$e in t#e country 4#ere t#ey 4ere orn. Sometimes $ie4s ?ust do not

matc# u correct5y8 and ot#er times t#ere is ?ust somet#ing t#at you 5i"e aout a different country

t#at ma"es it uniue.

If you a5ready "no4 4#at country you 4ant to 5i$e in8 it=s u to you to ma"e t#e dream #aen

for you. %a"e your time and 4or" to4ard your goa58 ut don=t forget to 5i$e your current 5ife8

eit#er. It=s good to focus on a target ecause t#at=s t#e on5y 4ay you=55 e a5e to migrate

successfu55y.But a5so ma"e sure you en?oy your 5ife and t#e rocess t#at you go t#roug# to get

your end resu5ts. After a558 4#at good is 4or"ing to4ard a etter 5ife if your current one suffers

so ad5y t#at you uit and ne$er reac# your end goa5K P5enty of eo5e #a$e made t#e mo$e to a

different country successfu55y8 5i"e Sa5man Rus#die or inod 0#os5a8 ut t#ey made t#e most of

t#eir time in India as 4e55. India #as a 5ot to offer8 and it=s going to reare you for your 5ife in

ot#er countries8 so ta"e ad$antage of e$eryt#ing t#at your current state #as to offer efore you

mo$e on.

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A%STRA(IA

Austra5ia8 t#e 5and of dreams. Austra5ia is not ?ust an is5and ut a continent8 t#e si7e of t#e 'nited

States and 4it# a ou5ation of on5y t4enty-t4o mi55ion eo5e. It is a $ast e9anse of most5y

deserts8 5i"e t#e outac". It is additiona55y a 5ace 4#ere t#ere is astounding reciitation

4ood5ands8 cora5 reefs8 and eac#es. 2rom t#e sacred 5egends of t#e Aorigina5 eo5e8 t#e #ig#

sirits con?ured t#e red deserts. Austra5ia is a dream destination.

;it# some of t#e strangest 4i5d5ife8 5i"e "angaroos8 Austra5ia is a 5and of staggering contrasts

and sectacu5ar eauty. !u5ticu5tura5 cities offer tourists a 4ide array of restaurants8 nig#t5ife8and ad$enture. In t#e outac"8 rugged nationa5 ar"s and red-eart# deserts offer t#e u5timate

e9erience in tra$e5.

Sydney8 Austra5ia is "no4n for its 4or5d-c5ass +era House t#at is 5i"e giant s#e55s s#aed8 or t#e

i55o4ing sai5s of a s#i. %#is state-of-t#e-art ui5ding on Sydney=s Benne5ong Point is among t#e

'NESC+ ;or5d Heritage Sites and is one of t#e 4or5d=s great arc#itectura5 icons. +cean 4ater

com5ements t#e stunning eauty of t#is creation on t#ree sides and a otanica5 garden to t#e

sout# s#ore.

%#e ;or5d Heritage-5isted reat Barrier Reef is $isi5e e$en from outer sace and is one of t#e

5argest 5i$ing structures on t#e 5anet. Austra5ia is a gem to e e9erienced.

%#e 5ion=s s#are of Austra5ians 5i$e in uran ranges8 and most are of Britis# and Iris# decent.

Austra5ia is a standout amongst t#e most et#nica55y assorted socia5 orders today8 and a5most one

in four residents 4as orn outside of Austra5ia. !any more 4ere first- and second-generation

Austra5ians8 t#e c#i5dren and grandc#i5dren of recent5y-arri$ed migrants and refugees.

%oget#er 4it# t#e indigenous Austra5ians 4#o #a$e 5i$ed on t#e Austra5ian continent for o$er

fifty t#ousand years8 t#e $ast di$ersity of migrants= ac"grounds #as #e5ed create a uniue

Austra5ian identity and sirit.

14


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In )//8 t#e first Britis# co5oni7ers arri$ed on t#e s#ores of Austra5ia and found t#e nati$es. %#e

Aorigines and a5so t#e %orres Strait Is5anders. %oday8 Indigenous tries ma"e u on5y *.>

ercent of t#e tota5 Austra5ian ou5ations.

%oday8 t#ere are aout ,118111 Indians 5i$ing in Austra5ia. Austra5ia=s migration rogramme sa4a significant increase in >18111 Indian citi7ens a5ying for immigration during *1)*-*1)3 4#i5e

C#ina #ad * a5icants and t#e '0 *)8111 during t#e same eriod.

%#ere is a gro4ing trend of Indian and C#inese see"ing citi7ens#i in Austra5ia8 according to t#e

+rgani7ation for Economic Co-oeration and e$e5oment.

Austra5ians are o$era55 a $ery friend5y nation8 and t#e country offers many career oortunities.

!any industries e9erience s"i55 s#ortages8 ma"ing room for s"i55ed migrant 4or"ers to find

em5oyment and residency.

Accetance and to5erance for ot#er cu5tures are #ig#8 and Austra5ia offers a 4or5d-c5ass

educationa5 system 4it# oortunities for c#i5dren of a55 ages and cu5tures. %#e #ot summers and

mi5d 4inters are a5so a great attraction8 esecia55y for eo5e 4#o don=t 5i"e t#e co5d 4eat#er.

Sorts and Entertainment are a rime factor for c#oosing Austra5ia. %#e residents re$e5 in games8

from rugy to cric"et8 soccer8 and as"eta55. 2rom #ousing to u5ic transort8 !edicare8 and

education8 Austra5ia en?oys a #ig# standard of 5i$ing. %#e Aussie 4ay seems to e a good 4ay.

MIGRATING TO A%STRA(IA

+$er t#e years8 t#e nationa5 5a4s of citi7ens#i #a$e c#anged a 5ot. %#e 5ast modifications

#aened in *118 4#en t#e )&>/ act8 4#ic# 4as outdated and made no sense8 re4riting it 4as

t#e est otion. Because of t#e )&>/ act8 a 5ot of Austra5ians 5ost t#eir citi7ens#i8 4#ic# t#e

*11 5a4 ga$e ac" to t#em. A5so8 to a5y for natura5i7ation8 you no4 #a$e to 5i$e in Austra5ia

for four years8 and you 4i55 a5so #a$e to ass a citi7ens#i test t#at ecame art of t#e rocess in

*11.

If you 4ant to ecome a citi7en y natura5i7ation8 t#en t#ere are a 5ot of stes you=55 need to

fo55o4 for you to e accetedL Before you can ta"e any officia5 stes8 t#ere


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a54ays need to get to e 5ega5 in Austra5ia: a $isa. A $isa is an officia5 ermission for eo5e 4#o

4ant to e in Austra5ia for ?ust a fe4 mont#s8 to tra$e58 or to e t#ere ermanent5y.

%#ere are t4o distinct situations regarding t#e $isa. +ne of t#em is t#at if you 5i$e in Ne4

Mea5and or Norfo5"8 t#en t#ere=s no need to get a $isa to $isit. But if you 4ant to remain inAustra5ia8 t#en you=55 need to a5y for one.

Ho4e$er8 if you


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for t#e a5ication. +nce t#is $isa is e9ired8 you=55 need to a5y for temorary residence for

t#ree years8 to ma"e8 in tota58 t#e four years reuired to a5y for citi7ens#i.

2or you to get t#e $isa as fast as ossi5e8 it=s etter if you a5y for it as ear5y as you can8

esecia55y if you a5ready #a$e 4or" and a #ouse. %#e sooner8 t#e etter8 ecause t#at)

uni$ersities. %#ere are t4o Austra5ian uni$ersities on 5ist of t#e to )11 est sc#oo5s in t#e 4or5d.

%#ey are !e5ourne=s 'ni$ersity and Austra5ian Nationa5. If you=re #a$ing second t#oug#ts or

don


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APP(YING TO THE %NI'ERSITY AND CO%RSE

If you


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If you 4ant to do Postgraduate 4or"8 t#en you are going to need to ro$e t#at you


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%#e accommodations #a$e different rices and t#ey1-*3,1 er 4ee"8 as 4e55. If you 5i$e far from t#e faci5ities8 t#en you18111 and a doctora5 degree is A'S )>8111 to A'S 38111 OINR 6,/8*61-)8>18111.

%#ese costs are t#e e9enses er year on5y.

GETTING A SCHO(ARSHIP

2unded y t#e Austra5ian go$ernment8 t#e Austra5ia A4ards are sc#o5ars#is for nationa5s and

citi7ens from t#e 5ist of e5igi5e countries. It co$ers a 5ot of continents8 suc# as Euroe8 America8

Asia8 and ot#er areas.

%#ese are some of t#e sc#o5ars#is offered in Austra5ia for ot# nationa5 and internationa5citi7ens:

If you


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%#e Austra5ia APEC ;omen in Researc# 2e55o4s#is ro$ide an e9ce55ent oortunity for

researc#ers from APEC OAsia-Pacific Economic Cooeration economies. Pro$iding

oortunities to do more researc# and to #a$e a artners#i 4it# t#e country


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'ni$ersity of Ne4 Sout# ;a5es

EMP(OYMENT IN A%STRA(IA

Numerous outsiders see Austra5ia as a nation of oenings for 4or". It not on5y ays $ery 4e55 ut

it #as a 5ot to offer and 4#en it comes to t#e ad$antages. Dust 5i"e t#e nationa5 #ea5t# system8 it

ecomes attracti$e for eo5e 4#o 4ant to #a$e a #ea5t#y 5ife and more c#ances of finding 4e55-

aid 4or". %#e Austra5ian go$ernment #as een encouraging young adu5ts 4it# or 4it#out

degrees to 5i$e t#ere. %#e go$ernment suorts t#at ecause t#ere=s a need to increase t#e

ou5ation8 and t#ere are a 5ot of ?o oortunities ut8 sad5y8 t#ere aren=t enoug# s"i55ed eo5e

t#at can 4or" in t#ose articu5ar fie5ds. Nurses8 doctors8 engineers8 and ot#ers rofessiona5s are

4#at Austra5ia reuires t#e most t#ere are many $acancies for t#ose 4#o #a$e ta"en t#osedegrees.

%o e em5oyed8 you=55 #a$e to use t#e S"i55 Se5ect 4esite 4#ere one gets t#e oortunity to

recei$e an in$itation for a s"i55ed $isa from Austra5ia=s go$ernment. %#at is t#e most roducti$e

system ecause you are ensured of an occuation once you touc# ase in Austra5ia8 and t#ere=s no

come55ing reason to searc# for one.

THE "OR&ING PROGRAMMES FOR FOREIGNERS

%#e immigration rogrammes are for eo5e 4#o are interested in getting a ?o in any art of

Austra5ia8 and t#ey #a$e some ad$antages. %#ese are:

T-e S#.lled M./at.on Po/a00e14#ic# is erfect for eo5e 4#o are ua5ified and

4ant to 5i$e and 4or" in Austra5ia. ;#i5e art of t#is rogramme8 t#e erson can use t#eir

e9erience8 t#eir 5anguage s"i55s8 and t#eir ua5ifications to get a ermanent Austra5ia

$isa. %#e rogramme initiated in *1)* and "no4n as S"i55 Se5ect. If you 4ant to a5y8you


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"o#.n/ .n -ol.da2s 4i55 5et young eo5e 4#o are from articiating countries

cooerate in Austra5ia for a articu5ar eriod It not on5y a erfect oortunity to tra$e5 ut

a5so to e9erience a different cu5ture and a5so to earn some money during t#eir time off

from sc#oo5 or uni$ersity. %#ere are a 5ot of countries t#at are a art of t#is rogramme8

suc# as S4eden8 Canada8 2rance8 C#i5e8 Ita5y and many more. Austal.an Bus.ness 3(on/$ and S-ot$Sta24 5.sasare a suer otion if you on5y 4ant

to 4or" temorari5y in t#e country. %#e S#ort-Stay isa intended for ersons 4#o 4is# to

stay for a s#ort eriod J u to 3 mont#s J 4#o are on5y t#ere for usiness uroses. %#e

(ong-Stay can 5ast for four years8 and you can 4or" in Austra5ia or e$en create your stuff

or oen a ne4 ranc# of your comany t#ere.

%o understand t#e fo55o4ing8 you=55 need to "no4 4#at a sustanti$e and a ridging $isa are.

A$isa t#at is not eit#er a crimina5 euity or a sanning $isa is ca55ed A sustanti$e $isa.

A b.d/.n/ 5.sais gi$en for on5y a articu5ar eriod8 ut it gi$es you 5a4fu5 status. %#is ermit

ensures t#at you are 5ega55y staying in Austra5ia. ou need t#is efore your sett5ement to finis# a

sustanti$e $isa is or 4#i5e you 4ant to 5ea$e t#e country. It


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IN'ESTING IN A%STRA(IA6S ECONOMY

%#e Austra5ian economy #asn t#

consecuti$e year of gro4t#8 resu5ting in more confidence from comanies and enterrises around

t#e 4or5d.

%#ere


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on t#is tye of de$e5oment and researc#8 t#ey are 4or"ing e$ery day to gi$e eo5e a etter

ua5ity of 5ife.

S&I((ED PROFESSIONA(S

Because Austra5ia strong5y suorts education in e$ery 4ay8 it #as t#e #ig#est ran" in secondary

education. It8 t#erefore8 means t#at eo5e are more 5i"e5y to ecome roficient t#an in ot#er

countries. It is ecause t#ere=s a 5ot of suort and #e5 for young eo5e and8 in genera58 for

eo5e 4#o 4ant to study.

Aout >1Q of t#e eo5e t#at 4or" #a$e an undergraduate or an ad$anced di5oma. It is one of

t#e reasons t#at suc# a 5arge numer of organi7ations J esecia55y in some articu5ar fie5ds suc#

as medicine and tec#no5ogy J in$est t#eir money in Austra5ian 4or"ers.

Contrary to 4#at many eo5e mig#t t#in"8 a 5ot of t#ose ua5ified 4or"ers are not nati$es. %#ere

are aout )* mi55ion eo5e no4 4or"ing in Austra5ian for a 5ong time 4#o 4ere not orn t#ere.

%#e sa5aries8 t#e ua5ity of 5ife8 and t#e education are ?ust t#ree of t#e many reasons t#at eo5e

c#oose to stay in Austra5ia instead of returning to t#eir country of origin or c#oosing anot#er one.

STARTING YO%R O"N B%SINESS

Austra5ia is t#e 5and of oortunities. If you #aen to t#in" of doing your o4n usiness8 t#ere

are a 5ot of t#ings you need to "no4. ou


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%#oroug# researc# to ma"e sure t#at t#e usiness 4i55 e successfu5. It must a5so inc5ude

cost factors as 4e55 as information aout cometitors A mar"eting strategy t#at 4i55 e art of #o4 your usiness can rofit8 since it=s a 4ay of

getting more c5ients

;#ere t#ere is 5ocation of t#e usiness8 t#e structure8 t#e ?o descritions8 and a5so #o4to get financia5 aid

An in-det# S;+% ana5ysis8 4#ic# is crucia5 since it descries 4#at 4ou5d e t#e

strengt#s8 t#e 4ea"nesses8 t#e oortunities and t#e t#reats t#at t#e usiness 4ou5d #a$e

once esta5is#ed. It 4as t#roug# t#is t#at t#e go$ernment a rosect of t#e usiness for

t#e four years or 5ess t#at t#e comany 4ou5d e acti$e.

!a"e sure you don=t s"i any of t#ose oints8 ecause if you do8 you may end u denied t#e

a5ication. %#ere=s a need to s#o4 t#e go$ernment #o4 successfu5 t#e usiness 4ou5d e.In$esting in a comany is aramount8 and if you=re sure t#at your usiness 5an cou5d e

successfu58 t#en you can a5y for aro$a5.

TA7ES AND PAPER"OR&

%#e 5egis5ation8 4#en it comes to ta9es8 is suer$ised y t#e federa58 t#e state8 and t#e territoria5

go$ernments. Before starting a usiness8 t#ere are a 5ot of t#ings t#at t#e o4ners need to "no4

regarding t#e regu5ation of ta9es. ou


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B%SINESS GRANTS

2or usinesses to recei$e aid8 se$era5 grants #a$e een created. Austra5ia does t#is ecause

t#ere=s a54ays a need to de$e5o ne4 ?os8 to imro$e a usiness=s roducti$ity or to #e5 it

de$e5o and8 t#at 4ay8 ecome etter t#an its cometitors. %#ere are se$era5 tyes ofrogrammes t#at can a5y to any comany. 2or e9am5e8 t#ere is a grant for Researc# and

e$e5oment comanies and a5so for start-us. Eac# tye #as its category to a5y to8 4#ic# is

sim5er and easier.

2unding your usiness mig#t e e9ce55ent for it ut it is a5so good for Austra5ia as 4e55

ot#er4ise t#ese grants 4ou5dn=t e9ist. If your comany #as a rosect of eing successfu58 t#en

t#ere is a ossii5ity t#at t#e funding mig#t e yours. It creates more em5oyment and a5so8

ecause 4e 5i$e in a $ery cometiti$e 4or5d8 a 4ay to feature t#e usiness.

THE GEO(OCATION OF THE CONTINENT

;#i5e some continents #a$en


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THE NE" (IFE

If you=$e gotten your $isa8 4#et#er8 for on5y a certain amount of time or ermanent residence8

you=55 roa5y 4ant to rent your #ouse or e$en uy one. %o do t#is8 you=55 need information

aout cu5tura5 and traditiona5 e$ents. A5so need information on 4#ere you can uy groceries andc5ot#es. And a5so ;#ere to socia5i7e and meet ne4 eo5e- ou can do t#is in 5ace suc# as ar"s

and gardens8 cinemas and t#eatres 4#ere you can e entertained on your day off. Since cu5tures

can e $ery different8 some eo5e mig#t e s#oc"ed in t#e eginning8 ut t#ey=55 get used to #o4

t#ings 4or" in Austra5ia. In fact8 t#ere=s on5y one 4ay to 5earn #o4 to 5i$e t#ere and to adat

yourse5f to t#e ne4 country=s 5a4s8 cu5ture8 and society: you need to e a resident in t#at country.

(earning a 5ot aout it 4i55 #e5 you to ecome a etter citi7en8 and a5so 4i55 ma"e you more

comforta5e around eo5e 4#o are nati$e.

At t#e eginning of t#is ne4 5ife8 t#ere are some c#anges and t#ings you=55 need to do. Some of

t#em you may #a$e a5ready done in your origina5 country8 ut t#ere are significant differences

regarding t#e society and t#e go$ernment.

START "ITH THE BASICS

(earn Eng5is# t#e est 4ay you can and8 efore or during t#e stay8 ractice it as muc# as

ossi5e. Since it


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Hea5t# care is essentia5. If you=re a $isitor or #a$e a temorary $isa8 you=55 #a$e to ay t#e tota5 of

#ea5t# e9enses. But if you a5y to t#e isa Suc5ass >, or >/,8 t#en you=55 need to #a$e #ea5t#

insurance8 and you=55 need to "ee it unti5 you 5ea$e Austra5ia.

A%STRA(IAN HEA(TH CARE SYSTEM

In Austra5ia8 t#ere=s a uni$ersa5 #ea5t# care system ca55ed !edicare. If you #a$e a temorary or a

$isitor=s $isa8 t#en you=55 #and5e t#e tota5 costs of any medica5 treatment or medicine8 and it can

e e9ensi$e. %#ere are $isitors from some countries t#at are eneficiaries of an agreement

ca55ed Reciroca5 Hea5t# Care8 ut you #a$e to e from t#ose articu5ar countries on t#e 5ist.

;#en it comes to t#e isa Suc5ass >, or >/,8 t#e Austra5ian go$ernment reuires t#e erson to

#a$e #ea5t# insurance as 5ong as t#ey stay. Students can enefit from t#e +$erseas StudentHea5t# Co$er.

THE "EATHER AND SEASONS

+f course8 t#e 4eat#er is distinct from region to region8 ut t#is is a genera5 re$ie4. In Sout#

Austra5ia8 4#ere cities 5i"e !e5ourne8 Pert#8 Ade5aide and ot#ers are8 during t#e summer t#e

minimum is )6 C8 and t#e ma9imum is *6. But during t#e eriod of 4inter time t#e minimum

temerature can e aout 6 Ce5sius degrees and t#e ma9imum aout )>. %#ese cities are 5ocatedin t#e sout# of t#e continent8 meaning t#e 4eat#er is co5der t#an in t#e nort#8 4#ic# is so c5oser

to t#e Euator.

In Brisane and ar4in8 4#ic# are t4o sutroica5 cities8 t#e minimum temerature for Brisane

is )6 degrees and for ar4in is *3. %#e ma9imum temerature differs since Brisane a$erages

on5y *, and ar4in 3*.

Regarding t#e seasons8 it


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Se$en of t#ose 5ands are go$erned y t#e Common4ea5t# using an aointed Administrator.

%#ese are:

C#ristmas Is5and

Cora5 Sea Is5and Der$is Bay %#e 5and Heard Is5and and t#e !cona5d Is5ands %#e Cartier and As#more Is5and %#e Austra5ian Antarctic %erritory Cocos Is5ands.

%#ose territories #a$e to oey t#e Common4ea5t# (a48 a5t#oug# it


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are e5ected asing on t#e amount of ou5ation eac# state #as. As an e9am5e8 since Ne4 Sout#

;a5es #as a 5arger ou5ation8 t#ey #a$e >/ ersons 4#i5e t#ere are on5y fi$e from %asmania.

;#en it comes to t#e Senate8 t#e uantity of t#em 5i$ing in eac# state doesn=t affect t#e numer

of reresentati$es. Eac# state #as t#e rig#t to e5ect )* Senators. %#is eua5ity #as a urose: since

t#ere are )* memers from eac# state8 no state is undu5y reresented. %#erefore8 t#e Senators are

a55o4ed to re?ect or to amend any i55s from t#e House of Reresentati$es.

%#e Common4ea5t# Par5iament #as t#e rig#t to roose c#anges to t#e Austra5ian Constitution.

But for a c#ange to ta"e 5ace t#ere needs to e a referendum8 4#ere citi7ens of $oting age 4i55

c#oose 4#et#er t#ey 4ant t#e c#ange or not. +f course8 eing a democratic country8 t#e ma?ority

4i55 4in.

Austra5ia=s go$ernment is made u of t#e t#ree arms of t#e go$ernment t#at connected mutua55y.%#ose are:

%#e e9ecuti$e arm8 4#ic# is administered y t#e So$ereign of Austra5ia. %#e o$ernor-

enera58 t#e Prime !inister8 t#e !inisters8 and t#e eartments on5y can e9ercise t#is

o4er. %#e (egis5ature8 4#ic# is on5y administered y t#e Common4ea5t# Par5iament.

%#e Dudiciary eing at t#e centre of t#e Hig# Court of Austra5ia8 and 4#ic# t#en

distriutes o4er to t#e se$era5 2edera5 courts e9isting in t#e states.

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%#e searation of t#ose o4ers is 4#ere t#ese t#ree go$ernment arms can underta"e and searate

t#e acti$ities:

%#e +fficia5 arm is t#e articu5ar case t#at e9ecutes t#e 5a4s using t#e met#od of t#e

Roya5 Assent. It a5so administers t#e e9isting 5a4s and8 t#erefore8 needs to erformse$era5 duties gi$en to t#is arm y t#e 5egis5ation

%#e (egis5ature is t#e one t#at rooses 5a4s and c#anges to 5a4s using Bi55s. A5t#oug#

t#e So$ereign is t#e #ead of t#e Par5iament8 t#is erson #as no say in t#ese matters %#e Dudiciary 4i55 use t#e 5a4 administration8 using not on5y t#e common 5a4 ut a5so

t#e statute 5a4. %#e courts aren. %#ese are:

%ony Aott8 t#e Prime !inister

;arren %russ8 t#e euty Prime !inister and a5so !inister for Infrastructure and

Regiona5 e$e5oment Du5ie Bis#o8 !inister for 2oreign Affairs Eric Aet78 !inister for Em5oyment eorge Brandis8 Attorney-enera58 !inister for t#e Arts8 ice-resident of t#e E9ecuti$e

Counci5 and a5so euty (eader of t#e o$ernment in t#e Senate Doe Hoc"ey8 %reasurer Barnay Doyce8 !inister of Agricu5ture

Nige5 Scu55io8 !inister for Indigenous Affairs Scott !orrison8 !inister of Socia5 Ser$ices Ian !ac2ar5ane8 !inister for Industry and Science Bruce Bi55son8 !inister of Sma55 Business

Sussan (ey8 !inister for Hea5t# and a5so for Sort Peter utton8 !inister for Immigration and Border Protection

0e$in Andre4s8 !inister for efence !a5co5m %urnu558 !inister for Communications reg Hunt8 !inister for t#e En$ironment !at#ias Corman8 !inister for 2inance.

33


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Eac# one reresents a eartment t#at is intended to 4or" on t#e uestion re5ated to its name.

2or e9am5e8 t#e eartment of efence #as to dea5 4it# defence ro5ems and a5so 4it# t#e

mi5itary J 4#ic# can imro$e.

THE 8%DICIA( SYSTEM

%#ere are many courts8 and t#ey are di$ided into se$era5 categories according5y. %#ere are t#e

federa5 and t#e state courts8 and t#ey mig#t e genera5 or secia5i7ed ones and8 esides a55 of t#at8

t#ey can a5so #a$e a 5imited or genera5 ?urisdiction.

;#en it comes to t#e federa5 courts8 t#e Hig# Court is t#e one t#at 4as esta5is#ed y creating

t#e 2ederation of Austra5ia. Its urose is to e a court of aea5 t#at=s a$ai5a5e for t#e 4#o5e

country of Austra5ia. %#is court manages any #earings aout Austra5ia=s Constitution. It can

dec5are any 5a4 unconstitutiona58 4#ic# means t#at a5t#oug# t#e 5a4 #as een assed8 it 4on=t e

$a5id and8 t#erefore8 fo55o4ing it 4on=t e ossi5e as an ordinary 5a4 4ou5d. %#ere a5so e9ists a

federa5 court t#at #as a 5imited ?urisdiction t#at is defined y 5egis5ation. State courts can e9ercise

J deending on t#e su?ect J ?urisdiction 4#en it comes to t#e federa5 5a4s.

Eac# state and territory 4ere gi$en a sureme court. %#e court can e remo$ed if t#ere is a State

Statute oerating. It means t#erefore t#at are some matters t#at on5y some courts can dea5 4it#

ecause t#ey 4ere nominated do it. Any decision a Sureme Court ma"es 4i55 a5so affect t#e

5o4er ones.

TRANSPORTATION IN A%STRA(IA

+f course8 not a55 of t#e cities #a$e su4ays ecause t#e amount of ou5ation is too sma55 to

rofit from constructing t#em. %rams are t#e most common u5ic transortation in t#e ma?or

cities8 e9cet t#e uses. !ost of t#ese to4ns #a$e 4#at=s ca55ed a mu5ti-moda5 net4or"8 4#ic# is

a system t#at inc5udes t4o or more means of transortation. 2or e9am5e8 if t#e city #as uses

and uran rai58 it can e ca55ed mu5ti-moda5 ecause t#ere are t4o 4ays of transort.

%rams in Austra5ia are used and are an e9ce55ent 4ay to get around t#e city. %#e on5y cities t#at

don=t #a$e t#is net4or"8 4#ic# t#ey cou5d enefit from8 are ar4in and Canerra8 ut t#ese cities

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#a$e uses to fi55 t#at 5ac". In Canerra8 t#ere=s a 5an for #a$ing a Caita5 !etro in *1)/. It 4i55

a5so #a$e a direct connection 4it# t#e uses8 4#ic# 4i55 ma"e it $ery efficient transortation for

e$eryone 4#o doesn=t o4n a car or 4#o ?ust doesn=t 4ant to use it.

2or tra$e5ing et4een cities8 t#ere is a gigantic rai54ay8 4it# aro9imate5y 338/)& "m of trac".Eac# ser$ice is $ery different for e9am5e8 t#e #an 5ine connects Ade5aide8 4#ic# is in t#e

Sout#8 to t#e city of ar4in8 5ocated in t#e Nort# of t#e continent. +t#er rai54ays connect

different cities from t#e nort# and sout#.

Austra5ian cities use a comination of ri$ate and u5ic transortation. %#e most common

u5ic systems are t#e city rai5s8 4#ic# are regiona5 trains and coac#es.

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Airorts are a5so a means of transortation in Austra5ia8 and it=s $ery interesting to see t#at t#ere

are a 5ot of t#ese ui5t in eac# state. +f course8 t#ese airorts don=t on5y offer internationa5 f5ig#ts

ut a5so nationa58 ma"ing it muc# easier and faster. If you 4ou5d 5i"e to tra$e5 from one city to

anot#er8 esecia55y 4#en t#ey=re far from one anot#er. %#e most-used airorts on t#e Continent

are:

!e5ourne Airort Sydney Airort Cairns Airort Brisane Airort Pert# Airort Canerra Airort

Ade5aide Airort

ar4in Airort Hoart Internationa5 Airort.

%#ese are t#e most common5y used ones8 ot# for eo5e 4#o come from aroad or Austra5ian

citi7ens 4anting to go o$erseas. But t#ere are a5so a 5ot of indi$idua5s 4#o use t#e 5ane as a

faster 4ay to go to anot#er city.

In *11>8 t#e tota5 of t#e airort=s e9isting in Austra5ia 4as >>/8 an astounding numer.

HO%SING

If you=re 5anning on going to Austra5ia eit#er to 5i$e or ?ust to $isit8 t#ere=s a54ays a need to get

some4#ere to s5ee. ;#en it comes to tra$e58 most eo5e tend to c#oose #ote5s or e$en #oste5s8

4#ic# are ou5ar since t#e rices can e 5o4er8 and t#e 5ocations tend to e etter.

P%RCHASING A HOME

;#en it comes to staying for an e9tended eriod in Austra5ia8 t#en renting an aartment or ?ust a

room can e t#e est c#oice. +f course8 t#ere is a54ays t#e ossii5ity of uying roerty8 ut

t#is otion is on5y a$ai5a5e if t#e erson interested in a #ouse is a resident of Austra5ia. %o

urc#ase a #ouse8 t#e erson 4i55 need rior aro$a5 from t#e go$ernment. %#is aro$a5 o5icy

is a 4ay to increase t#e su5y of ne4 #ouses carefu55y8 instead of y secu5ation. %o a5y to

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urc#ase a #ome8 you=55 need to com5ete a form t#at ro$ided on t#e Austra5ian go$ernment

4esite and t#en sumit it. %#e decision s#ou5dn=t ta"e more t#an 31 days to e com5eted.

RENTING AN APARTMENT OR ROOM

If you can=t afford to urc#ase a #ouse8 t#en t#e est so5ution for you is to find an aartment or

e$en a room. It 4i55 e a 5ot c#eaer8 ut t#ere are factors t#at can c#ange t#e rice suc# as t#e

5ocation. ;#en t#e #ouse 5ocated nearer t#e centre of a 5arge city8 it ecomes more e9ensi$e if

it #as a 5ot of transortation neary8 it a5so ecomes more e9ensi$e. It means t#at t#e fart#er you

5i$e from t#e centre8 t#e c#eaer it ecomes8 ut t#ere are se$era5 conseuences.

It is usua55y c#eaer to rent a room instead of a fu558 and t#ere=s t#e oortunity of 5i$ing nearer

t#e centre and not aying as muc# as you=d ay if you 5i$ed on your o4n.

Since most of t#e #ouse o4ners reuire se$era5 mont#5y rent ayments u front8 it 4ou5d e

etter if you contact t#em efore arri$ing in Austra5ia. But t#ere may e se$ere conseuences

ecause t#ere are 5ots of fa"e ad$ertisements. %#e est so5ution is to stay at someone=s #ome and

t#en actua55y start 5oo"ing for somet#ing once you are t#ere.

"HAT THE PRICE INC(%DES

A 5ot of t#e aartments t#at are a$ai5a5e for renting #a$e a genera5 cost. %#is cost inc5udes

se$era5 ser$ices8 suc# as:

Heating and as ;ater Bi55 E5ectricity A5so ta9es on t#e roerty And sometimes Internet and ca5e are a5so inc5uded.

Sometimes you can e$en ay more if t#e aartment is art5y or 4#o55y furnis#ed. It means t#at if

it #as8 for e9am5e8 a micro4a$e8 refrigerator8 sto$e8 couc#8 te5e$ision and ot#er o?ects fami5iar

to a #ouse#o5d. %#en it mig#t e more e9ensi$e t#an renting a #ouse t#at #asn=t t#ose

ad$antages.

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION

;#et#er you #a$e to urc#ase or rent a f5at to 5i$e in8 t#e rices are $ery distinct deending on

t#e features and8 of course8 t#e tye of accommodation. %#ese are t#e most common:

An aartment8 4#et#er or not art of a condominium. %#e ad$antages of #a$ing an

aartment in a condominium are se$era5. A room t#at can e 5ocated $ery near t#e centre8 4it# a rice t#at 4on


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Fo0 New Sout- "ales to S.dne2 and +ueensland1 Austal.a -as 0u!- to offe fo an2

tou.st o .00./ant9 Also a fee sense of s..t and a 5ast e;ans.on t-at !ould need

e;loat.on fo a l.fet.0e9 Itab.1 Ta0.l1 et!9 (.st of asso!.at.ons .s a5a.lable at

-tt:??Ind.aToda29!o09au

Must$ead: Austal.a


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T-e H.ndu Coun!.l of Austal.a .s t-e u0bella o/an.at.on t-at b.n/s to/et-e 5a.ous

H.ndu Asso!.at.ons fo a esound.n/ and un.f.ed 5o.!e fo all Austal.an H.ndus9

-tt:??-.nd2!oun!.l9!o09au

Conne!ted /loball2 b2 a. and sea1 Austal.a .s a land of ootun.t29

'.s.t:

-tt:??Ind.ans9Austal.a9!o0

Fa!eboo#: -tt:??fa!eboo#9!o0?Ind.ans.nAustal.a

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CANADA

Canada is a eautifu5 and $ast continent 4#ere you can e9erience some of t#e co5dest 4inters.

But in t#e summer mont#s8 you 4i55 e9erience 5iss and eauty t#at surrounds you e$ery4#ere.

2rom t#e At5antic +cean to t#e Pacific +cean8 Canada is a $ast continent t#e readt# of t#e

'nited States and a5so its c5ose neig#our. Euroean sett5ers 4#o tra$e55ed to Nort# America

more t#an a t#ousand years ago 4ere t#e first to disco$er t#e Pro$inces of Ne4found5and8 Prince

Ed4ard Is5and8 No$a Scotia8 and Ne4 Bruns4ic".

Canada is t#e 5and of Niagara 2a55s8 a famous tourist attraction t#at can e accessed for free a55year round. Niagara 2a55s #as t#e aso5ute most stunning eauty on t#e 5anet and is one of t#e

Se$en !ar$e5s of t#e ;or5d t#at is gone to y mi55ions re5ia5y. 2rom ig cities to rugged

4i5derness8 Canada #as it a55: ristine 5a"es and ri$ers 4it# aundant 4i5d5ife. %#ere e9ist many

ar"s and reser$es to $isit8 and you=55 ne$er e ored.

Canada #as four distinct seasons and c5imate 5ays a significant ro5e in Canadian cu5ture and

traditions. Because Canada is amongst t#e 5argest countries in t#e 4or5d8 it offers a different

5andscae and 5aces t#at 4i55 ta"e your reat# a4ay.

Britis# Co5omia #o5ds t#e ma?ority of t#e Canadian Roc"ies8 mountains 4#ose range e9tends a55

t#e 4ay into t#e 'nited States. Here you 4i55 a5so find rain forests. %#e ot#er ro$inces suc# as

!anitoa8 A5erta8 and Sas"atc#e4an #a$e $ast agricu5tura5 areas. A5erta #as 5arge deserts

4#ere t#e disco$ery of dinosaur fossi5s and 5arge oi5 reser$es occurred.

Agricu5ture is a5so f5ouris#ing in t#e ric# 5andscaes of Fueec and +ntario8 surrounding t#e

reat (a"es of Canada8 ma"ing !ontrea5 in Fueec and %oronto in +ntario t4o of t#e ric#estand 5argest cities in t#e country.

%oday8 Canada is a friend5y country fi55ed 4it# #osita5ity and a ou5ation of around t#irty-four

mi55ion eo5e. It is not easy defining a tyica5 Canadian fami5y as t#ey come from many

different ac"grounds. 'n5i"e t#e 'nited States8 4#ere friends 4e5come a "iss and #ug8

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Canadians are more 5i"e5y on5y to s#a"e #ands. And 5i"e in t#e 'nited States8 smo"ing is

ecoming increasing unou5ar8 ma"ing it #arder to find 5aces to smo"e in u5ic. !any

fami5ies do not ermit smo"ing in t#eir #omes at a55. Canadians ta"e ride in t#e fact t#at t#ey

4e5come a55 cu5tures and ac"grounds eua55y8 e5ie$ing a55 eo5e deser$e t#e rig#t to eua5ity

and to e treated t#e same.

%#e Indian community #as a fascinating #istory sanning more t#an one #undred years. ;#en

t#ey first arri$ed in )&1>8 4#en immigration o5icies 4ere $ery strict. ancou$er today #as a

f5ouris#ing Indian community 4it# many successfu5 entrereneurs #a$ing t#eir usinesses not

on5y in t#eir communities ut e5se4#ere as 4e55.

Aro9imate5y 318111 Indians ecome Canadian residents eac# year8 and t#e future for

Canadian-Indians is 5oo"ing etter t#an e$er.

2or $isitors8 students and tra$e55ers from India8 Canada is a sure et8 4#ere education and #ea5t#

care are considered 4or5d c5ass.

MIGRATING TO CANADA

%#e mu5titude of ossii5ities offered y Canada #as een a constant encouragement to t#e

Indians to sett5e in t#ere. +f t#e many reasons to migrate to Canada8 t#e most imortant #as eeneducation and 4or"ing in t#e attracti$e faci5ities in t#is nation.

CITI)ENSHIP

%yica55y8 Canadian Citi7ens#i is otained y irt# in Canada8 irt# aroad to arents at 5east

one of 4#om is a Canadian citi7en8 or adotion y a Canadian citi7en. Permanent residents 4#o

#a$e 5i$ed in Canada for a stiu5ated eriod can a5so otain Canadian citi7ens#i.

CITI)ENSHIP TEST

2or foreigners 4#o 4is# to #a$e a Canadian citi7ens#i8 t#ey must ass a Citi7ens#i %est. %#ey

must ta"e t#e test if:

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%#e a5icant is #ea5t#y et4een t#e ages of )/J,> during t#e a5ication %#e candidates #a$e met t#e essentia5 conditions for citi7ens#i.

%#e e9am tests t#e a5icant=s "no45edge of Canada. %#e test is 4ritten8 ut t#e a5icant may e

reuired to #a$e an inter$ie4 4it# t#e citi7ens#i officer.

%#e uestions in t#e test and inter$ie4 4i55 ase on t#e fo55o4ing toics.

Rig#ts8 freedoms and resonsii5ities of t#e Canadian citi7ens Canada


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citi7ens#i of anot#er country ut stay in Canada. %#e go$ernment sets a 5imit on issuing

ermanent residency e$ery year. As of *1),8 *118111 are a55o4ed to enter Canada as ermanent

residents annua55y. %#is status conferred once t#e erson 5ands in Canada. %#e isa A5ication

Centre OAC in India ro$ides genera5 information and administrati$e ser$ices re5ated to

ermanent and temorary $isa8 4or" and study ermits8 etc.

PERMANENT RESIDENT CARD

%#e Permanent Resident Card OPRC is an officia5 roof issued y t#e go$ernment of Canada

4#ic# says t#at a erson is a ermanent resident of t#e country. If you #a$e PR status and 4is# to

tra$e5 to India temorari5y8 you 4i55 need a PRC to re-enter to Canada. A PRC is s#o4n to gain

admission into Canada t#roug# a commercia5 $e#ic5e suc# as an air5ane8 oat8 train or us.

As a ermanent in#aitant8 you #a$e t#e ri$i5ege to:

et most socia5 ad$antages t#at Canadian residents get8 inc5uding #uman ser$ices scoe (i$e8 4or" or study any5ace in Canada

A5y for Canadian citi7ens#i Security under Canadian 5a4 and t#e Canadian Contract of Rights and Opportunities

and ou must ay ta9es and resect a55 Canadian 5a4s at t#e federa58 ro$incia58 and

municia5 5e$e5s.

ou are not ermitted to:

ote or "ee running for o5itica5 office8 Ho5d a fe4 em5oyments t#at need an anorma5 state trusted status.

(OSING YO%R PERPET%A( OCC%PANT STAT%S

(osing your eretua5 occuant status does not #aen natura55y. ou can=t 5ose your 5asting

in#aitant status essentia55y y 5i$ing outside of Canada sufficient5y 5ong t#at you don=t meet t#e

residency necessity. 'n5ess you #a$e e9erienced an officia5 rocedure8 you #a$e not 5ost or

surrendered your c#ange5ess occuant status.

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ou may 5ose your unc#anging in#aitant status if:

An ad?udicator disco$ers t#at you are no more a 5asting occuant after a reuest A $isa officer decides you don=t meet t#e o5iged residency 4#en you a5y for a

c#ange5ess occuant tra$e5 reortor interim in#aitant tra$e5 record.

ou may 5ose your unc#anging occuant status in one of t#e routes ortrayed ao$e if:

ou don=t 5i$e in Canada for t4o out of fi$e years ou are dec5ared gui5ty a genuine 4rongdoing and ad$ised to 5ea$e Canada or outurn into a Canadian su?ect.

ou don=t 5ose your 5asting in#aitant status if your PR card 5ases.

ST%DY OPTIONS IN CANADA

%#e #uman mind gained s"i55s and e9erience to c5ear of its dar"ness t#roug# education. In t#e

modern 4or5d8 to coe 4it# t#e intense cometition8 education J esecia55y of #ig# ua5ity J is

intrinsic to a etter future. ;#en one ursues t#e education in one


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imending years. %#e uni$ersities in Canada continua55y occuy t#e to ositions in many

sur$eys inc5uding t#e one conducted

By t#e Times. +ntario8 Fueec and Britis# Co5umia are #ome to some of t#e est uni$ersities in

Canada. %#e sc#oo5s are managed y t#e ro$incia5 go$ernments and #ence t#ere mig#t edifferences in t#e educationa5 atterns of different uni$ersities. %ec#nica5 co55eges8 a5ied arts

co55eges8 a5ied science uni$ersities and community co55eges are among t#e $arious "inds of

education ro$iders in t#e nation. A ortion of t#e to co55eges in Canada are:

'ni$ersity of %oronto 'ni$ersity of Britis# Co5umia !ci55 'ni$ersity 'ni$ersity of A5erta

'ni$ersity of ;estern +ntario 'ni$ersity of ;ater5oo 'ni$ersity of Ca5gary or" 'ni$ersity

E$ery year around )/18111 foreign students usua55y gets admitted to $arious uni$ersities

t#roug#out Canada. A foreign student ursuing t#e education in Canada can a5y for Permanent

Residency. %#e ase numer of oints needed for getting eretua5 occuant is 6 oints.

E7PENSES AND COST

%#e cost is an imortant asect for a student to ta"e care of 4#i5e a5ying to study aroad.

%#oug# t#e cost of studying deends on t#e course c#osen8 an aro9imate cost 4ou5d e around

CA ))8&138 a #uge sum for most fami5ies in India8 ut t#e Canadian go$ernment romises aid.

%o assist students and romote oortunities for foreign students8 t#e go$ernment of Canada

ro$ides financia5 assistance t#roug# sc#o5ars#is. %#e Counci5 of !inisters of Education

ro$ides detai5s aout sc#o5ars#is in $arious ro$inces and uni$ersities.

In addition to t#e course fees8 e9enses a5so inc5ude #ousing8 food8 transortation8 etc. Aartment

rents may $ary et4een CA >,-CA &,1 OINR *38*,1->68,11.

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E(IGIBI(ITY AND ST%DENT PERMIT

%o e aut#orised to study in Canada8 t#e asiring candidate reuires a study ermit issued y t#e

go$ernment of Canada. %#e study ermit can e a5ied once t#e a5icant accets t#e offer of

admission to t#e designated uni$ersity.

%#e e5igii5ity conditions for studying in Canada are as fo55o4s:

%#e a5icant must e ua5ified and acceted y t#e 'ni$ersity of #is or #er c#oice. %#e a5icant must ro$ide roof of ai5ity to ay e9enses as

o %uition feeso (i$ing e9enses for ot# t#e a5icant and t#e erson accomanying t#e candidate to

Canadao Return transortation cost for ot# t#e a5icant and t#e erson accomanying t#e

candidate to Canada %#e a5icant must e a 5a4 aiding citi7en and s#ou5d #a$e no crimina5 records in t#e

#ome country8 in t#is case8 India. He or s#e a5so must not ose a t#reat to t#e security of

Canada. It8 t#erefore8 reuires a o5ice certificate. %#e erson a5ying must e in good #ea5t# and s#ou5d ass t#e medica5 e9amination if

reuired. %#e erson a5ying must satisfy an immigration officer t#at #e or s#e 4i55 5ea$e t#e

country after t#e a55otted stay.

%o #a$e a study ermit issued8 t#e a5icant must meet t#e criteria mentioned ao$e.

E7CEPTIONS

It is #ard for t#e study ermit eing restricted ecause of t#e fo55o4ing

2or studying in a s#ort-term course or rogramme t#at 5asts 5ess t#an si9 mont#s. %#e

a5icant must com5ete t#e a5ication 4it#in t#e aut#orised time for a stay in Canada. %o study a course if t#e candidate is a re5ati$e of an agent to Canada certify y t#e

i$ision of Remote Issues8 E9c#ange and Imro$ement Canada. !emers of foreign armed forces doing a rogramme in Canada.

2oreign nationa5s 4#o #a$e a Re/.steed Ind.an Status in Canada.

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ST%DENT "OR& PERMIT

%#e #ig# cost of 5i$ing mig#t romt an Indian student to 4or" a5ong 4it# a study to meet t#e

e9enses. %#e student ursuing an education in Canada is a55o4ed to 4or" during t#eir course of

study. In some cases8 #o4e$er8 t#e student must otain a student 4or" ermit.

%#e grants differ deending on 4#et#er t#e a5icant 4ants to:

;or" on camus ;or" off camus

;or" as a co-o or intern Stay in Canada after graduation He5 your souse or 5a4 artner find 4or" 4#i5e t#e a5icant is studying in Canada.

HIGHER ST%DIES INSTIT%TIONS

Te!-n.!al Colle/es? Caee Colle/esJ %#ese institutions are most5y ri$ate5y o4ned.

%#ey em#asise rofessiona5 de$e5oment and are ?o-oriented. Practica5 s"i55s are taug#t

#ere for a s#ort eriod of training and instruction. %#ese are simi5ar to t#e II%s in India. Co00un.t2 Colle/es and Te!-n.!al Inst.tutesJ %#ese are #ig#5y career-oriented and

romote a ractica5 and tec#nica5 curricu5um. Sma55 c5asses8 off-camus courses8 and a

#ig# 5aoratory-c5assroom ratio are t#e essentia5 features of t#ese institutes. %n.5es.t2 Colle/es J %#ese co55eges offer a road range of c#oice from academic-

oriented courses to ractica5 courses. %#ey ro$ide di5omas and certificates for a55

courses. %n.5es.t.esJ Canadian 'ni$ersities are most5y ri$ate5y o4ned and fund. As a resu5t8

t#ey ro$ide #ig#-ua5ity education at 5o4 tuition. %#ese 'ni$ersities teac# a55 "inds of

courses consisting of undergraduate8 graduate8 doctorate8 rofessiona58 certificate8 and

di5oma.

ST%DENT PARTNER PROGRAM FOR INDIANS

%#e go$ernment of Canada #as 5aunc#ed Student Partner Program OSPP aimed at ro$iding fast

student $isa rocessing for Indian students. A ma?or ad$antage it confers o$er on t#e student is

t#at it reuires minima5 documentation. Indi$idua5 co55eges #a$e een se5ected and aut#orised to

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admit students from t#e SPP category. %#e go$ernment finances t#ese co55eges and romise #ig#-

ua5ity education. %#e students a5ying t#roug# t#e SPP are a5so assured 4or" ermits in

Canada after t#e com5etion of t#e course. %#e e5igii5ity conditions for t#e SPP are:

A minimum ,1Q or C< grade in t#e recent5y com5eted degreedi5oma A medica5 e9amination rior to t#e sumission of t#e $isa a5ication8 conducted y an

aro$ed SPP #ysician A (etter of Accetance detai5ing t#e duration and t#e dates of rogramme A comu5sory IE(%S score of 6.1 or ao$e An education 5oan from a c#artered Indian an" co$ering /1Q if t#e tuition8 e9enses for

a year8 and t#e cost of tra$e5. Com5ete mar" s#eets are to e sumitted.

A significant ga of more t#an one year in education is ro#iited

%#e fu55 rocessing of t#e $isa ta"es aout fi$e to ten days. If you 4ant to ?oin t#e Setemer

session8 t#e a5ications must e sumitted y t#e ) stof August. It is imortant to rememer t#at

a $isa once re?ected in t#e genera5 category 4i55 a5so not e a55o4ed in t#e SPP grou one #as to

a5y for it in t#e genera5 rocedure itse5f. +n5y students 4it# an education 5oan 4i55 e granted

admission t#roug# SPP. %#e students 4it# enoug# funds to finance t#eir education s#ou5d a5y

t#roug# t#e standard rocedure.

"OR& AND EMP(OYMENT

A 5arge numer of immigrants arri$e in Canada for em5oyment oortunities8 as 4e55 as ot#er

enefits 5i"e education and in$estment. %#e sma55 ou5ation of Canada offers t#e ad$antage of

e9ce55ent ?o oortunities for foreigners8 romising #ig#er sa5aries t#an t#eir nati$e countries.

Ho4e$er8 t#e graduate 5aour mar"et is #ig#5y cometiti$e in nature. Searc#ing for ?os in t#e

Canadian s#ortage occuation 5ist increases your c#ances to enter as a s"i55ed 4or"er. It reuires

roof to s#o4 t#at t#e asirant is cometent and educated. Certain rofessions can e entered

on5y y otaining articu5ar academic and rofessiona5 ua5ifications. Ha$ing contacts in t#e

5aour mar"et can e eneficia5. Aart from t#is8 f5uency in 2renc# and Eng5is# are desira5e8

deending on t#e rimary 5anguage of t#e region you 4is# to 4or". Indians #a$e found

em5oyment in $arious sectors as rofessiona5s and e9ecuti$es8 doctors and nurses8 sma55

usiness o4ners8 5a4yer8 etc. A 5ot of 4omen from India 4or" as nurses in Canada.

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8OB OPPORT%NITIES

(isted e5o4 are some of t#e sectors ro$iding a 4ider scoe of em5oyments:

Primary industries and ser$ice firms8 an"ing8 retai58 tourism8 transort8 communication8

#ea5t#care8 manufacturing8 education8 te9ti5es8 food rocessing8 agricu5ture8 forestry8

timer8 fis#eries Industries t#at #a$e gro4n in recent decades8 suc# as information tec#no5ogy8 soft4are

de$e5oment8 and etro5eum S#ortage of occuations t#at ro$ide a myriad of 4#ite co55ar ?o oortunities 5i"e

geoscientists8 finance ana5ysts8 5and sur$eyors8 engineers8 #ysiot#eraists8 etc. !a?or comanies consisting of an"s8 suc# as Ban" of No$a Scotia8 Ban" of !ontrea5

and ot#er firms 5i"e Canadian Natura5 Resources8 Sun (ife 2inancia58 and BCE.

THE "OR&ING SYSTEM

%#e Canadian (aour Code recommends eig#t #ours of 4or" dai5y and forty #ours er 4ee"8

simi5ar to t#e Indian standards. Ho5idays are su?ect to ro$incia5 $ariation8 e9cet for nationa5

#o5idays8 of 4#ic# t#ere are nine. An annua5 5ea$e of t4o 4ee"s is ermitted8 4#ic# can increase

to t#ree 4ee"s after 4or"ing 4it# t#e same manager for si9 continues years. 2oreign 4or"ers are

su?ect to income ta9. Ho4e$er8 ne4comers #a$e secia5 regu5ations for t#e first year. %a9 rates

$ary deending on ro$inces8 and common5y c#arges range et4een ),Q and *&Q of income.

TEMPORARY "OR& PERMITS

%#e Canadian Immigration Ru5es define @4or"@ as @an acti$ity for 4#ic# one earns

enumerations. Can a5so e defined as an acti$ity t#at cometes direct5y 4it# t#e e9ercises of

Canadian nationa5s or C#ange5ess +ccuants in t#e Canadian ;or" !ar"et@. In for one to 4or"

temorari5y in Canada8 foreign 4or"ers are reuired to #a$e a temorary 4or" ermit issued y

t#e Em5oyment and Socia5 e$e5oment OESC. %#e fo55o4ing are t#e stages in$o5$ed in t#e

issue of temorary $isa t#roug# t#e isa A5ication Centre in India. %#e issuing of a 4or"

ermit is may ta"e a eriod ranging from a fe4 days to a fe4 year. %#e temorary 4or" ermit is

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t#en $ery uiet5y issued to t#e em5oyer otains ermission from t#e go$ernment to #ire foreign

4or"ers. After otaining t#e consent8 t#e em5oyees can recei$e t#eir 4or" ermits. It is

imortant to note t#at t#e ro$ince of Fueec #as uniue ru5es and regu5ations regarding t#e

issue of temorary 4or" ermits. %#e 4or" ermit is secific to t#e ?o for 4#ic# it is indented.

An em5oyee can 4or" on5y for t#e em5oyer named in #is or #er 4or" ermit. %o do a different

?o8 t#e em5oyee s#ou5d recei$e a ne4 4or" ermit.

DEPENDENTS

!ost 4or"ers refer to ta"e t#eir fami5ies a5ong 4it# t#em to Canada. An immigrant sett5ed in

Canada under t#e 4or" ermit can a5so a5y for marriage immigration and souse immigration

on a temorary asis. %#e #usand8 4ife8 artner8 or c#i5dren can ?oin t#e erson. Ho4e$er8 if t#esouse or artner 4is#es to 4or"8 t#en #e or s#e 4i55 #a$e to otain 4or" $isas and a5y for a

4or" ermit. If t#ere are $isitors 4#o temorari5y come to $isit t#e erson8 t#en t#ey #a$e to get

a !a"es#ift +ccuant isa8 4#ic# is 5i"e4ise ca55ed uest isa.

E7CEPTIONS

A 4or" ermit is for certain categories of eo5e. %#ese eo5e can reside temorari5y in Canada

4it#out a 4or" ermit. Some of t#ese c5asses of eo5e inc5ude:

Bus.ness 5.s.tos:%#ese eo5e ro#iited from entering t#e domestic 5aour mar"et of

Canada. %#ey don=t e5ong to t#e 4or"ers category. Foe./n Reesentat.5es: Reresentati$es and di5omats from ot#er nations8 and

officia5s of t#e 'nited Nations. %#eir fami5ies are a55o4ed to 4or" if t#ey #a$e a no-

o?ection 5etter from t#e eartment of 2oreign Affairs. M.l.ta2 esonnel:%#ey are ermitted in t#e country 4it#out 4or" ermits if t#ey are

in Canada under t#e isiting 2orces Act. Foe./n /o5en0ent off.!es:%#ey are aut#ori7ed to 4or" in t#e country if t#eir stay is

5ess t#an t#ree mont#s. If t#ey #a$e to stay eyond t#ree mont#s8 t#ey s#ou5d roduce an

officia5 5etter of agreement. News eotes: A 4or" ermit is not reuired to reort ne4s in t#e country. Publ.! sea#es:If t#e acti$ities and e$ents of u5ic sea"ers 5ast fe4er t#an fi$e days8

a 4or" ermit is not mandatory.

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Cew Me0bes:2oreign memers of commercia5 f5ig#ts8 trains8 and s#is don=t roduce

4or" $isa for transorting cargo and assengers. Cle/2:Peo5e 4#o come to erform re5igious rites and duties do not reuire a 4or"

ermit.

Students: Students 4ere 4or"ing on camus under +n Camus Em5oyment isa do notneed to otain a 4or" ermit a5so.

Pefo0.n/ at.sts: As 5ong as t#eir rogrammes are for a 5imited eriod8 t#ey do not

reuire t#e 4or" ermit. Ot-e !ate/o.es consist of at#5etes and coac#es8 instructors8 e$a5uators8 emergency

ser$ice ro$iders8 etc.

(OCA( B%SINESS

Canada resents a mu5titude of oortunities to ac#ie$e your aim of doing usiness as 4e55 as t#e

in$estment. %#e go$ernment ot# acti$e5y suort t#e $entures in usiness at t#e federa5 and

ro$incia5 5e$e5. 2or eo5e 4it#out sufficient funds to run a usiness8 t#e commercia5 an"s act

as a #e5ing #and. Ho4e$er8 for Indians to run a usiness in Canada8 t#ey must s#o4 roof of

enoug# money to e9ecute t#e comany. A5ternati$e5y t#ey dis5ay t#e usiness $isa 4i55 not e

guaranteed8 and t#e go$ernment 4i55 not aro$e t#e comany. !oreo$er8 t#e go$ernment must

e con$inced t#at an organi7ation egun y a non-Canadian 4i55 contriute to4ards t#e country=s

economic gro4t# and generate em5oyment. %#is section contains detai5ed information aout

#o4 you can set u a usiness in Canada com5ying 4it# t#e go$ernment ru5es and regu5ations.

IN'ESTMENT

Among t#e 4or5d economies8 Canada is t#e )> t#5argest economy y t#e PPP OPurc#asing Po4er

Parity. Canada is t#e on5y country 4#ere a55 t#ree sectors contriute sustantia55y to t#e nationa5

income. %#at factor ortrays t#e uniueness of t#is economy. !any eo5e are in t#e ser$iceindustry8 manufacturing and agricu5ture a5so account for #ig# income. Agricu5ture is #ig#5y

roducti$e8 and industries suc# as timer roser e9cetiona55y. %#ese facts #a$e romted many

Indians to in$est in t#e Canadian economy. Surrising5y8 around #a5f of Canada=s oi5 and

etro5eum are o4ned y foreigners or foreign comanies.

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Indians can in$est in Canada in different 4ays. %#e most soug#t-after met#od is to in$est in

return for ermanent residence offered y t#e go$ernment. Canada


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mandatory to find out 4#et#er t#e 5anned usiness is regu5ated and 4#et#er it reuires 5icensing

or certifications.

%#e go$ernment of Canada=s 4esite ro$ides a 5ist of a55 ?os and #e5s you find t#e name of

your ?o. It is t#roug# t#is 5ace t#at you 4i55 find t#e duties8 regu5ations8 and ua5ificationsnecessary. If t#e usiness is regu5ated8 t#en you must a5y to t#e aroriate deartment. %#e

rocess 4i55 #e5 in t#e e$a5uation of credentia5s. %#e usiness mig#t a5so reuire 5icenses from

t#e federa58 ro$incia58 and municia5 go$ernments.

IN'ESTORS

%#e Immigrant In$estment Program a55o4ed t#ose immigrants 4#o met t#e e5igii5ity

reuirements8 to in$est in t#e Canadian economy. Ho4e$er8 t#is 4as terminated in Dune *1)>.

%#e Fueec In$estment Program is t#e on5y sur$i$ing immigrant in$estment rogramme in

e9istence in Canada8 managed y t#e ro$ince of Fueec. A detai5ed account of ot#er in$estment

5ans is ro$ided 5ater in t#is section.

IMMIGRANT IN)E$TMENT PR.GRAMME

'nti5 Dune )&8 *1)>8 t#e Canadian go$ernment a55o4ed an immigrant in$estment rogramme

4#ere you 4ere a55o4ed to in$est in Canada in return for Canadian citi7ens#i or Permanent

Residency. Ho4e$er8 t#is a5ication 4as terminated8 and t#e ending a5ications cance55ed. It

aimed at indi$idua5s 4it# #ig# net 4ort# to assi$e5y in$est 4it#out any interest in esta5is#ing

t#e usiness $enture.

B$INE$$ IN)E$T.R PR.GRAM

%#e 2edera5 Business In$estor Program encourages foreign indi$idua5s to ta"e u usiness in

Canada. Successfu5 indi$idua5s are 4e5come to immigrate and sett5e in Canada uon starting a

usiness in t#e country.

/EBEC IN)E$T.R PR.GRAM

;it# t#e termination of t#e federa5 Immigrant In$estment Program8 t#e Fueec In$estor Program

is t#e on5y one of its "ind in Canada. %#ese rogrammes a5y to usiness in$estors 4it# #ig#

net 4ort# 4#o 4is# to #a$e a ermanent residence and a assi$e in$o5$ement in usiness.

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El./.b.l.t2

%#e a5icant s#ou5d ossess a 5ega5 ersona5 net 4ort# of CA ).6 mi55ion. %#e a5icant s#ou5d #a$e t4o years of suita5e management or usiness e9erience

4it#in fi$e years of t#e a5ication. %#e a5icant s#ou5d agree to in$est CA /118111 4it# a financia5 midd5eman aut#ori7ed

to articiate in t#e In$estor Program. %#e a5ication s#ou5d e 4i55ing to sett5e in Fueec.

ENTREPRENE%RS

And acti$e5y manage usinesses in Canada. %#e minimum net 4ort# reuirement8 #o4e$er8

e5iminates a 5ot of eo5e from e5igii5ity for t#is rogramme. Do creation and contriuting to

t#e economy s#ou5d e a goa5 of t#e usiness started y a successfu5 a5icant. Some e9erience

in #and5ing usiness8 and a minimum net 4ort# to start a usiness are t#e rereuisite conditions

for go$ernment aro$a5. A55 entrereneurs entered 4ere admitted into t#e country t#roug# an

Entrereneur isa.

%#e e5igii5ity criteria for t#e Entrereneur Program for immigration to Canada consist of:

A minimum net 4ort# of CA 3118111 Oaro9imate5y INR )>86118111.

;it#in t#ree years rior to ecoming a ermanent resident8 t#e entrereneur s#ou5d #a$emanaged and contro55ed a gi$en ercent of t#e euity of a ua5ifying usiness in Canada

for at 5east one year. %#e usiness s#ou5d a5so #a$e contriuted to ?o creation.

%#e entire fami5y of t#e a5icant may e under t#e same conditions as t#e "ey candidate t#e

conditions are t#en uic"5y urooted once t#e usiness $isionary fu5fi5s t#e conditions.

%#ings to rememer 4#i5e immigrating as an entrereneur:

%#e a5icant must #a$e t#e intention as 4e55 as t#e cometence to manage a ercentage

of euity of t#e ua5ifying usiness in Canada. %#e a5icant must ro$ide acti$e and continuing management of t#e ua5ifying usiness

in Canada. %#e candidate s#ou5d necessari5y create a fu55-time ?o for a minimum of one Canadian

citi7en or ermanent resident.

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%#e a5icant s#ou5d meet t#ese reuirements 4it#in t#ree years of ecoming a

ermanent resident.

Prior to t#e issue of t#e immigrant $isa8 t#e a5icant must sign a statement t#at #e or s#e intends

to and 4i55 e a5e to meet t#e reuirements for ermanent residence. %#e ro$ince of Fueecoerates its Entrereneur Program8 and t#e needs are different from t#e 2edera5 Entrereneur

Program. An immigrant a5ying for t#e Fueec Entrereneur Program s#ou5d reside in Fueec.

Some of t#e ot#er immigrant in$estment rogrammes in Canada are as fo55o4s:

GETTING STARTED

%#e usiness 5an is usua55y t#e est 4ay to 5aunc# a successfu5 usiness8 4#et#er it is Canadian

or in t#e rest art t#e 4or5d. 0no45edge aout financing8 ta9ation8 and 4ages for em5oyees can

e a #uge #e5 efore starting out 4it# a usiness. Here are some asic guide5ines to e

considered 4#en ma"ing a usiness 5an.

Be rea5istic aout t#e enterrise goa5s Be informed aout t#e imact of usiness decisions Predict t#e usiness returns

emonstrate your 5ans and ideas to a an"er or an in$estor.

ou s#ou5d decide on a structure8 name8 and 5ocation for t#e usiness. +nce t#e rogram is

com5ete8 t#ere are ot#er officia5 rocesses to e com5eted 5icensing8 registration8 and setting

u ta9 accounts. A55 sa5es are su?ect to ta9ation. %#e $ariation of t#e fee rates deends great5y

uon t#e nature of t#e ro$ince. +ne is not reuired to ay ta9es if t#e earnings are e5o4 a

articu5ar amount. 2or instance8 in +ntario8 a firm t#at ma"es an annua5 income 5ess t#an CA

318111 is not reuired to ay a form of ta9 ca55ed Harmoni7ed Sa5es %a9.

Some usinesses reuire #iring outside 4or"ers. Certain guide5ines are set to #e5 4#en t#e firm

#ires outside 4or"ers. %#e comany s#ou5d fo55o4 t#e standards esta5is#ed y t#e go$ernment

in t#is rocess. %#ese guide5ines can e summarised as fo55o4s.

+en a ayro55 account Payment of insurance remiums and creation of a safe en$ironment 2o55o4 em5oyee standards strict5y

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+en an Em5oyer Hea5t# %a9 Account

If you decide your firm 4i55 imort and e9ort your goods and roducts. %#ere you s#ou5d

fo55o4 t#e ru5es rescried y ot# t#e Canadian go$ernment as 4e55 as t#e norms of t#e

countries you are e9orting to or imorting. A55 usiness o4ners must com5y 4it# t#e gi$en

regu5ations:

Register for an imort-e9ort account Procure t#e ermits for imort and e9ort Pay Canadian imort duties and tariffs

Com5y 4it# t#e 5ega5 reuirements8 regu5ations8 and standards Com5y 4it# t#e 5a4s of t#e countries t#e immigrant is dea5ing 4it#

%o faci5itate immigrant usiness acti$ities and encourage usiness immigration8 t#e go$ernmentof Canada #as created many entrereneur and se5f-em5oyment rogrammes. %#e fo55o4ing

section contains detai5s aout some of t#ese rogrammes.

PRO'INCIA( ENTREPRENE%R PROGRAMMES

%#ese 5ans a5y to entrereneurs 4it# mid-range net 4ort# and suita5e entrereneuria5

e9erience. %#is rogram ro$ides a t4o-ste rocess to secure ermanent residence:

). %#e se5ection of an a5icant or nomination y t#e ro$ince if t#ey meet rogramme

reuirements.*. A5ying for Citi7ens#i and Immigration in Canada for ermanent residence.

%#e ro$inces manage t#eir usiness immigration rogrammes. %#ese reuire acti$e

articiation in t#e management of a comany ased on a secified in$estment and ?o creation.

%#oug# reuirements $ary deending on t#e ro$ince8 an estimated minimum of CA 3,18111

net 4ort# is reuired. A good4i55 deosit is necessary for indi$idua5 rogrammes. 2or

nomination y t#e ro$inces8 a5icants #a$e to a5y initia55y to t#e area. +nce t#e candidates

are nominated8 t#ey are e5igi5e for ermanent residence after federa5 #ea5t# and crimina5ity

c#ec"s. Britis# Co5umia=s Pro$incia5 Nominee Programs8 t#e Sas"atc#e4an Immigrant

Nominee Program8 and t#e !anitoa Pro$incia5 Nominee Program are some of t#e entrereneur

rogrammes administered y $arious ro$inces.

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SE(F$EMP(OYMENT

2irms and cororate #ire8 not a55 t#e immigrants 4#o come for em5oyment. !any immigrants

arri$e #ere 4it# t#e goa5 of creating t#eir 5i$e5i#ood. !any eo5e from India t#ri$e on sma55

usiness esta5is#ments 5i"e "ios"s8 stores8 and firms offering ersona5ised ser$ices. Se5f-em5oyment is an e9treme5y roducti$e sector in Canada8 and many immigrants c#oose t#is

otion.

2or one to imro$e t#e se5f-em5oyment oortunities in t#e country8 t#e Canadian go$ernment

#as 5aunc#ed a Se5f-Em5oyed Persons Programme for immigrants. %#is rogramme is oen to

a55 indi$idua5s 4it# rior se5f-em5oyment e9erience as farmers8 at#5etes O4#o are

internationa55y reno4ned8 or artisans. %o ua5ify as an immigrant in t#e se5f-em5oyed category8

t#e a5icants #a$e to ro$e t#eir at#5etic or artistic ta5ents so t#at t#ey ma"e a ositi$e imacton t#e cu5tura5 and at#5etic scene in Canada.

At 5east t4o years of e9erience in se5f-em5oyment or articiation on an internationa5 5e$e5 in

art8 cu5ture8 recreation8 or sorts a5so #aened to get a recommendation. %#e a5icants

interested in t#e urc#ase of a farm are a5so reuired to #a$e a minimum of t4o years= e9erience

in farm management. Education8 age8 f5uency in Eng5is# and 2renc#8 and adatai5ity are t#e

ot#er arameters used to assess t#e a5icant. %#e ta5e e5o4 ro$ides t#e 5ist of occuations

acceta5e under t#is rogramme.

PR.FE$$I.NA0 .CCPATI.N$ IN ART AN+ C0TRE

Arc#i$ists Aut#ors and ;riters

Conser$ators and Curators Editors Dourna5ists Professiona5 +ccuations in Pu5ic Re5ations and Communications

%rans5ators8 %ermino5ogists and Interreters Producers8 irectors8 C#oreogra#ers and Re5ated +ccuations

Conductors8 Comosers and Arrangers !usicians and Singers ancers Actors and Comedians Painters8 Scu5tors and +t#er isua5 Artists

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(irarians

TEC"NICA0 AN+ $!I00E+ .CCPATI.N$ IN ART1 C0TRE1 RECREATI.N1 AN+

$P.RT

%ec#nica5 +ccuations Re5ated to !useums and Art a55eries P#otogra#ers 2i5m and ideo Camera +erators

ra#ic Arts %ec#nicians Broadcasting %ec#nicians Audio and ideo Recording %ec#nicians +t#er Secia5i7ed and Co-ordinating +ccuations in 2i5ms8 % and t#e Performing Arts +ccuations in !otion Pictures8 Broadcasting and t#e Performing Arts Announcers and +t#er Broadcasters

+t#er Performers ra#ic esigners and I55ustrators Interior esigners %#eatre8 2as#ion8 E9#iit and +t#er Creati$e esigners Artisans and Crafts ersons Patternma"ers J %e9ti5e8 (eat#er and 2ur Products

At#5etic ersonne5 Sorts Coac#es

Sorts +fficia5s and Referees Program Pioneers and Educators in Amusement8 ame and ;e55ness (irary and Arc#i$e %ec#nicians and Assistants

%NDERSTANDING THE NE" (IFE

+nce you #a$e comforta5y reac#ed Canada8 t#e ne9t t#ing you mig#t 4ant to 5earn is aout

urc#asing or renting a #ouse8 information aout 5oca5 faci5ities 5i"e s#os8 mar"ets8 ar"s8

sc#oo5s8 t#eatres8 etc. Indian immigrants mig#t initia55y encounter cu5ture s#oc" and a5ienation8

4#ic# can e easi5y o$ercome y adating to t#e ne4 5ife and 5earning aout t#e country. Here

are some of t#e guide5ines you mig#t find usefu5 once you #a$e reac#ed t#ere:

Get to #now t-e !ount29(earn a55 t#e essentia5 detai5s of t#e nation8 its cu5ture8

go$ernment8 5a4s8 5anguage8 etc.

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Get -ealt- !ae9A55 Canadian citi7ens and ermanent residents are e5igi5e for #ea5t#

insurance. F.nd a la!e to l.5e9ou must decide on 4#et#er you need to o4n an aartment or rent

one.

Plan f.nan!es92ind out aout sa5es ta98 4age e9ense8 sa$ing money8 5anning8 etc.(earn aout sa5es ta98 income ta98 an"ing8 udgeting8 and so on.

Enol !-.lden .n s!-ool9 Education is ro$ided free of cost y t#e Canadian

go$ernment. %#e go$ernment finances education t#roug# ta9ation. Sele!t 2ou 0ode of tansotat.on9 %#ere is a mi9ed $ariety of transortation

a5ternati$es accessi5e in Canada.%#ere is a di$erse $ariety of transortation otions

a$ai5a5e in Canada. ou can 5earn aout cars8 u5ic transortation8 uses8 and trains. (ean one of t-e off.!.al lan/ua/es9 0no45edge of any of t#e t4o officia5 5anguages

O2renc# or Eng5is# can #e5 you to adat to t#e country. Ha5e !o00un.t2 !onne!t.ons9!a"ing ne4 connections in t#e communities t#roug#

c5us8 etc. can #e5 you ad?ust to your #ome and neig#our#ood.

&NO" THE CO%NTRY

Before starting your 5ife in Canada8 it is necessary for you to "no4 a 5itt5e aout t#e country. It

mig#t e ne4 "no45edge to you t#at t#e Canadian c5imate is entire5y different from t#at of India.

%#e terrain8 $egetation8 and seasons are a5so different from most troica5 countries. In t#issection8 some of t#e toogra#ica5 and cu5tura5 asects are summarised.

(AND AND C(IMATE

Being t#e second iggest nation on t#e 5anet8 t#e Canadian #as a $ast ocean oundary from t#e

At5antic coast in t#e east8 t#e Pacific coast in t#e 4est8 and t#e Arctic +cean to t#e nort#. %o t#e

sout#8 Canada s#ares a order 4it# t#e 'SA8 4#ic# is t#e 5ongest 5and oundary et4een nations

in t#e 4or5d. %#e '.S. state of A5as"a a5so s#ares a order 4it# Canada in t#e nort#east. Canada=s

#uge area is ecause Canada contains around 61Q of a55 t#e 5a"es in t#e 4or5d. Considering

ta"ing into account t#e surface8 Canada=s si7e is t#e fourt# 5argest in t#e 4or5d. %#e 5andscae of

t#e country consists of #ig# mountain ranges8 forests8 rairie grass5ands8 and t#e Arctic tundra

t#at #osts ermanent5y fro7en ground. Canada is a5so a #ome many eautifu5 5a"es and ri$ers.

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SEASONS

%#ere are four ma?or seasons in Canada: summer8 4inter8 autumn Ofa558 and sring. 'n5i"e in

India8 t#ere are no monsoon and #ot 4ind seasons t#ere.

Summer: Summers in Canada are #ot8 4it# a temerature $ariation et4een *1 and 31

degree Ce5sius. %#e 4eat#er $aries from 4arm to #ot. Summer is t#e est time to

in$estigate different summer is t#e est time to e95ore $arious Canadian destinations

5i"e nationa5 ar"s8 mountains8 etc. A 5ot of festi$a5s dominate t#e summer ca5endar8

inc5uding t#e Ca5gary Stamede and Cariana in %oronto. Sring and 2a55: %#ese seasons mar" t#e transition to summer and 4inter resecti$e5y.

Hig# rainfa55s are a common #enomenon during t#is eriod. ;inter: ;inter is e9cetiona55y co5d in Canada8 4it# t#e temerature in most 5aces

droing e5o4 1 degrees Ce5sius. %#e ground remains under sno4 from ecemer to

!arc# or Ari5. 2or to coe u 4it# t#is e9treme 4eat#er8 aroriate c5ot#ing is a must.

In t#e sout#ern art of Britis# Co5umia8 rains are more freuent during 4inter t#an

sno4.

%#e 4estern coast of Britis# Co5umia8 a5ong 4it# ancou$er8 #as a moderate c5imate

t#roug#out t#e year. %#e summers and 4inters are rat#er mi5d 4it# 5ess seasona5 f5uctuations.

PRO'INCES AND CITIES

%#e Canadian administration is different from t#at of India8 4#ere t#e nation is made u of states

and territories. It is a5so a constitutiona5 monarc#y 4it# Fueen E5i7aet# as t#e reresentati$e

monarc#. 'n5i"e India8 4#ic# is 5ater on natura55y di$ided into states8 Canada #as ro$inces8

4#ic# en?oy considera5e autonomy. Canada is a federation8 un5i"e India8 4#ic# is a unio

Indian Migration

Documents

Transcript of Indian Migration