Indian Medicinal Plants Vol 1
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Transcript of Indian Medicinal Plants Vol 1
Contents
l . Abelmoschus esculcntus 1
2. Abelmoschus moschatus 4
3 . Ab ies sPectab i l i s 7
21. Abrus precatorius 10
5. Acacia caesia l7
6. Acacia catechu 19
7. Acacia leucoPhloea 23
8. Acacia ni lot ica 26
9. Acac ia Po lvantha J { )
10 . Acac ia s inuata 33
I 1. Acal;-Pha indica 3,6
12. Achvranthcs asPcra 39
13. Acon i tum hetc roPhv l lum 42
14. Acon i tum naPe l lus O
15. Acorus ca lamus 5 l
16 . Ac t in ioPte r i s d icho toma 55
17. AdenantheraPavon ina , 58
lf t . Aegle marmelos 62{
19. Aerva lanata 67
20. Agaricus camPestr is 7l)
2 l . Agera tum convzo ides 74
22. A lang ium sa lv i fo l ium T l
23 . A lb iz ia lebbcck 81
24. Albizia odoratissima 85
25. Al l ium cePa 8tt
26. Al l ium sativum 93
27. Al loPhl ' lus serratus 99
2U. Aloe barbadensis 103
29. Alpina galanga 106
30, Alstonia scholaris 111
3l . Alstonia venenata 115
-12. Alternanthera sessi l is 1f8
fr,
33. Amaranthus sPinosus l2l
34. Ammania baccifera ssp' baccifera 125
35. Amomum subulatum 128
36. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius var' companulatus 132
37. Anacardium occidentale I37
38. AnacYclus PYrethrum 140
39. Anamirta cocculus 143
40. Ananas comosus 16
41. AndrograPhis Paniculata 149
42. Anethum graveolens 153
43. Anisomeles malabarica 757
44. Annona squamosa 160
45. Anogeissus latifolia 163
46. Aphanamixis PolYstachYa 167
47. Aquilaria agallocha l7l
4tl. Arachis hYPogaea 176
49. Areca catechu 180
50. Argemone mexicana 187
51. ArgYreia nervosa 191
52. Aristolochia bracteolata ltX
53. Aristolochia indica 199
54. Artemisia nilagirica m2
55. ArtocarPus communis ZUI
56. ArtocarPus heteroPhYllus 2m
57. ArtocarPus hirsutus 215
58. AsParagus racemosus 218
59. Averrhoa carambola 224
60. Azadirachta indica 227
61. BacoPa monnieri 235
62. BaliosPermum montanum 2q
63. Bambusa arundinacea Zu
64. Barringtonia acutangula 7'50
65. Basella alba var. rubra 253
66. Bauhinia variegata 2#
67. Benincasa hisPida ?51
68. Beta vulgaris ?55
69. Betula utilis 268
70. BioPhYtum sensitivum nl
71. Bixa orellana 274
72. Blumea lacera 27E
IIl 'I
T3.Boerhaavia dif fusa ?Al
7,1. Bombax ceiba 7f9
7-5. Borassus f label l i fer 293
76. Boswell ia serrata 2n
77. Brassica juncea 301
7 l { . Brass ic l o lc racca r a r . cap i ta ta
79. Buchanan ia lanzan 3{B
lJ0. Butea monospcnna 3l, l
8 l . Caesa lp in ia bonduc 120
ti2. Caesalpinia sappan 323
83. Cajanus cajan 3?6
8.1. Calamus rotane 330
85. Call icarpa macrophvl la l l t
86 . Ca lophy l lum inophv l lum 338
tl7. (-alotropis eigantea 341
88. Calvcopteris f lor ibunda -1,{6
tt9. Came l l ia srncnsis 349
90. Canava l ia g lad ia ta 152
91. Cannab is sa t iva 356
92. Canscora decussata 361
93. Canthiurn parvif lorum 366
94. Capparis decidua 36{t
95. Capsicum annuum 375
96. Cardiosperrr lum hal icacabum
97. Careva arborea 380
9tl. Carica papava 3{t3
99. Carissa carandas 386
I00. Carthamus t inctorus 390
Appendix A 394
Appendix B 403
lndex to Sanskrit terms 419
Coll. No. AVS 2426
Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench(Hibiscus esculentus Linn.)Malvaceae : 1+rvie-toq)
EngHin
KanMal
SanTamTel
Lady's finger, Oki'a
Bhird, Bhindi-tori (fi{u-di, Rtu-S-frfr I
Berdekayi, lzSodadu;Venta (elctlerrB)
Bhenda (tu3'r)Ventai (Goraiwcorr-)
Berdakaya (8ods-ch-:)
Distribution : Throughout lndia. cultivated in areas upto 1,200 m
The pfani : An annual erect herb. 0.9 - 2.1 m in height , covered wi th hai r
throughout; leaves simple. alternate, palmately 3--5 lobed. coarselytoothed, scabrous; f lowers large, yellow with a purple centre,staminal tube antheriferous throughout; fruits long. 6 - 8 ribbed,capsular; seeds many, rounded, striate.
Parts used : fruitsProperties and uses: The fruits are sweet, mucilaginous, emollient, cooling,
aphrodisiac, stomachic, haematinic. demulcent, diuretic, constipatingand tonic. They are useful in vit iated conditions of pitta, gonorrhoca,
urethrorrhea, abdominal disorders. anaemia. pruritus, strangury,
diarrhoea and general debil ity.
to-er f\o-srFc+r fWI fiTu-ffi, fr*irrq, rqgEr({TEqiuq: $$FF-{€T6|5FF: tl
+tcfr Tn-ffi qa?srvr{+q, r tn.fr.)["Bhenda bhinqatika bhindo bhirdakah ksetrasambhavahCatuspada6catu gpurlQ.rah susaf a6camt apatrakahKarapa4o vrttabijo OnaveOefaOasahvayah" {Fa.ni.)l
"6rcoiq?t Eai frfuri T5 eTddlqq vAsr+i e"?i {Td{k6{ cq r6rS q-<rr$ qre ffig frfikr{" (Tn.fr.)
us esculentus
oOseeds
)N
liM
&,#A;-ffiq,\t
&\s tamina l tubeand s t igma
[" Karapamaphalaqn rucyar.n picch i lar.n g uru vatal am
VByam 5l egmakaram balyap Suklavrddhikarar.n param
Kase mandanale vate pinasegu vininditam" (SA'ni') l
"frrg1 qg4g1 $wn qrfdGFI uffic* 1 '
(t.fr.)
["Bhenda tvamlarasa sosna grahika rucikarika (Ra'ni)]
'tu-sr da;{sr Awn qla q sfqmc+r t
{rs{rflr{ qQ q rai qqT qn qm rr '
(tr.r.)
["Bhenda tvamlarasa coqna grahi ca rucikaraka
Rajanamani ghante ca dravyam vrsya para smrta (Ni'ra)l
C'oll. l io. AVS 1411
Abelmoschus moschatus Medikus(H ib iscus abe lmoschus L inn . )
Mrr lvrrceac 1i lqiq-ToQ
tE n n
HrnKanMal
Musk mal low. Ambrette seed plantLata kast 0 ri, M a s kd a n a ( o-drs-€TR, q-{sETd-l)
Kadukasturi (rr-i;{q:)Latakastur i , Kattukastur i , Kastur iventa
1 ero-rco,m)ol ;o1, a cA; a,rJrnr ;o1. a,m)or 1 oloorerr+ )Latakasturrka 1oamqft-s-I IVeffrilaikkast0ri, Kattukkast0ri(?ernri';oer+ s6ilatd, sirrti ' +o.'r:glf)Kastlriberdavittu 1:::- :-;: -.::)
SanTamTel
f ) is t r ibut ion : C 'u l t ivatcd throughout IndiaT'he p lant : An e rec l h i rsu lc or h isp id annual herb.60 - 180 cm in height :
lcavcs s inrp le . o f ' r 'ar t ing shapc's . usualh ' palntatc ly 3-7 lobed. lobcsni . r r rou ' -Acute or ohlonq-ovatc. crenate. serrate ct r i r rcqular lytoothcd. hai r l ' on hoth st t r faccsl f lorvcrs largc. 1 'c l lc lw wrth purp le
ccntrc: f ru i ls lu lvous-hai r -v . capsular : secds manv, subrcni form. b lacko r t r cv i sh h rou n . sccn tcd .
Parts used: sccdsProper l ies aud r rses: ' l 'hc sccds arc b i t lcr . sweet . acr id. aromat ic . cool ing.
aphrodis iac. ophthalmic. card iotonic . d igest ivc. s tc lmachic.cr l r rs t ipat ing. carminat ive. pectora l . d iuret ic . s t imulant .arr t ispasmodic. c lcodr t rant . insect ic idal and tonic . They arc usefu l inophthal rnopathv. card iac debi l i ty ' , cough. asthma. bronchi t is .hypcrd ips ia. burn ing sensat ion. v i t ia ted condi t ions of kapha and
1ril lrr, nausca. clyspcpsia. f latulcnt colic. diarrhoe a. strangurv.gonorrhoea. sperml t t i l r rhoea. ca lcul i . ha l i tos is . pectora l d iseases.pt i 'a l ism. vomit ing. hvstcr ia and other neural d isorders. prur i tus.
leucclderma and seneral dcbi l i tv .
'Ear+qF.6T drnn itust m-a$el t
g'r+r']rsr slr$ q 't=-tTdijfr s FTdr lt (8.)
f Latakasturika prokta bhenda kasturipurvakaSuganclhabhenc]A bhendi ca gandhapurvalpi ca smrtA (Sva.)l
oafr+mq dirj tffit e gEoTC. t
rl
Abelmoschus moschatus
Etqi qqi qq osataEt q'dl tl
qfdd{ltt aa e"nqrftqq1rq t
dmqo€{ iaq vairwrwr+q rt (R.)
f 'Kat
utiktarasam bijam 5itaviryar.n ca bfinhanam
Dipanam pacanam vfgyar.n kaphavataharam sm!'tam
Smrtibhransahara6 h@yam trsnavantisramapahamKosJhasr-rlaharap caitat jat haramayanasanam' (Sva.)l
onrd'F{as-l rilfil Tqrdl 9qI rfl{I d3, rq$qr ffi ll" (qls.)
['Latakast0rika tikta svadvi vrsya hima laghuh
Caksusya chedani slesmat!'gnavastyasyarogahrt' (Bha. pra.)l
€E-{eI rfi-m og, *gm rt-,qr tffdr d+fr q fre,rn qftnffinrfi rrqRdiri s$ E*n luipt a crfl-\ tordgFi qfu qn *i-;ui q qq qt{ rr
eroeffi mffiT qRi q sfd t" (fr.{.)
f'Latakast[rikA svadury!€ya sita laghuh smrta
Netrya tikta chedani ca tiksna vastivisodhiniVastirogam kapham tfqnam mukharogam ca nasayet
Lalaslavam vamim vAtam daulgandhyam ca madam jayet
Alaksminasani prokta bhaveddese ca dakgine" (Ni.ra')l
'earoqt-+t infir asr {fl-rrwi'r3q r" ({r.s.)
f'Latakasturika tikta hfdya sitasyaroganut" (Ra.va')l
"eils{$sT iur og EfMrrq t
eaffiqft-+T tilffr r+fi gql l6qt og, 11qtrqr ffi r" (d.t+.)ILatakastIrika iieya katu daksinade5ajaLatakasturika tiktA svadvi vrsya hima laghuh
Cakgugya chedani slesmatrsnavastyasyarogajit ' (Kai.ni.)l
n-r+{r {fr-m ogwur t" (q.cr.fr.)['Latakasturika tadvannetrya sita laghustatha' (Ma.pa.ni.)]
Coll. No. B.S.l. (N.C.)46274
Abies spectabilis (D.Don) Mirh.(=A.webbiana Lindl.)
Pinaceae (t{ffi5d{)
E;.j H in
Kan
Mal
San
Tam
Tel
East Himalayan si lver f i r
Talispatra, Talispatri (dl&gqt, moffil
Talisapatri (eaexdg
Talisapatram (oceJlffD.rLo.)
Talisam, Talisapatram (drd{i, ildiqr=i)
Talisapatri (gn e$e ud-,rf )Talisapatri (o- );r:rla )
Distribution : Upper Himalayan tractsThe p lant : A verv ta l l evcrgreen t rec at ta in ing a height of 60 m rv i th
strong horizontally spreading branches. young shoots covered with -short brown hair; leaves simple, densely covering the twigs spreadingin all directions, but more or less distichous when the twigs areviewcd I ' rom bclow, cach lcaf 1. -5-2.3 cm long; thc cones are b lu ish incolour, seeds winged.
Parts used : leavesProperties and uses : The leaves are bitter, sweet, acrid, thermogenic,
aromat ic , anodyne. expectorant . d igest ive. carminat ive, s tomachic,antispasmodic, diurctic. febrifuge and tonic. They are useful inv i t ia ted condi t ions of kupha and vata. cough. asthma. hronchi t is .dyspepsia, f latulence. colic. diarrhoea, cpilepsy, phthisis, vomiting,ureterit is. strangury, hoarseness, hiccough. fever and emaciation.
ilifr{i q.rqEi q {+lsr( |
ftEi drr6+1+i qqti, quftm-qfr r (q.q.)
fTalisapatram talisam kasaghnam ca SukodaramProktam tamalakipatram paryayaih papamafrjari " (A.ma.)l
arfui qflsi q {-+tct rrrEh.i qrdAq o0q=i q{6-q rr
fu ctorqt ddirr=i irorflq{ |
ilffift rr'(r. fr.)f'Talisapatram talisam patrakhyam ca sukodaram
Abies spectabil is
branch with female cones
Dhatripatram carkabedham karlpatram ghan acchadamNilam nilambaram talam talipatram talahvayamTalisapatrakasyeti namanyahustrayodasa" (Ra.ni.)l
"crdri eg dlq{iwi Er€qnqsr|+or{ |
@ 1 " ( q r . c . )["Talisam laghu tiksnosnam svasakasakaphanilanNihantyarucigulmamavahnimandyaksayamayan " (Bha. pra)l
"nrd+i qm+teEi qlq-{ {-Aiqfrf,|s-( |gqil'rd{ E-a gq-d c-inqa\ rr (q.fr.)
["Talisam svasakasaghnam dipanam sleEmapittajitM u kharogaharam hrdyam su patram patrasamvrtar.n " (Dha. ni.)l
"drotsq=i ftrftirwi egi ow<pqq IqrsFem-nrqqrqqftEffiqrflT-( r r" ({r.fr . )["Talispatram tiktosnam madhuram kaphavatanutKasahikkaksayasvasacchardidosavinasakrt" (Ra. ni.)l
"drds+i cg{ lil+d =ir*i og qal r
frq"r Hd q Ed{s eTmfuml ril( rrqre +,rs +,s srd qrq5ecrsfoRert r
crd-4ri qrFffi{q|€-mq rrVrt( rr
5uim a fri q rrvrtkh +iffi-d\ r" (fr.{.)
["Talisapatram madhuram tiktam cosnam laghu smrtaml]kEnafn svaryam ca hrdyafrca agnidiptikaram matamSvasam kasar.n kapham vatam ksayagulmarucistathaRaktadosam vamimcamamagnimandyanca nasayetMukharogam ca pittam ca nasayediti kirt itam (Ni.ra.)l
Remarks: Very often the tal[sapatra bought from the market contains in additionto the leaves a lot of twigs as well as leaves of Taxus baccata. lt is reportedthat in Maharashtra. Gujarat and Rajasthan leaves of T. baccata are in use astallsapatra.
Coll. No. AVS 1773
Abrus precatorius Linn.
Fabace ae ( 3{TtttsdT-toq)
Jequir i ty, Indian l iquorice' Wild l iquorice
Gurugunji (rudruoa)
tEno
I Kan
I Hin
I Mat
I San
I ram
I ':l
Gufrci, Ratti, Gufrcaci (T.**, {R, 1{drd)Kunni 1a1crrr1;Gunja (lqqr)
: Kuntumani(1q$5m6raf): Guruginla ();:;i ';*)
Distribution: Throughout India. on hcdges and bushes in e xposcd arcas
it e pl"rrt, A decidulus. wiry climber with tough branches; leaves.abruptly
pinnate with many paiis of leaflets. the rachis ending in a spine: the
ieaflets oblong, rounclecl at both encls. thinly mcmbranous: f lowers
p ink . c l us te redon tubc rc lesa r rangeda long the rac l - r i s t f t l nc -s idcdpedunculate raceme; fruits pods. turgid with a sharp deflexed beak:
seeds usually scarlet with a black spot or sometimes pure white'
Parts used: roots. lcaves- sceds
Properties and uses: The roots and leaves are astrlngent' sweet'
emetic,diuretic and alexeteric' They are useful in cough'
pharyngotlynia, pectoralgia. inflammation' strangurv and in vit iated
conditions of vuta.
The seeds are acr id. b i t tcr ' ast r ingent ' purgat ive ' tox ic '
abortifacient, aphrodisiac and trichogenous' They are useful in
vit iared conclit ions of pina and vitu' ophthalmopathy' leucoderma'
skin diseases, wounds. alopecia' asthma' tubercular glands'
stomatit is, hyperdipsia and fever'
"1qqedrgeg{r1@*ft1fu+tt
dli Twnoq 6s qr+i sdTtrs ll" (ftrffis')
["Gufriavalli tu madhura cincapatri sa simbika
Bijatn krsnarur.ram tasya iayate sarvabh u m i9u " (Sivad asah)l
"Twrfl'drFql Sqor rk+r oroqk+t t
TsrcFr' rffi M Twrdl o-n ll
1 0
tPtate 1 lAbrus precatorius
; i { : ! . . :
r ' r . .? :, ;
f lowet
Il 5 mmr l
r ll s m m
s - l
petals
ffie . - ,. : ?
i t , ;r .- lr'
r. ' .*. '". '"
,\
i#r.; ! :
?aB,e'
trfrq dc+rraittfr 5{qr +r*rt-o-+r iql-flEfr q-mftrrd {m'{rerT t+,ftf-fl rr" (q.fr.)["Krsnakambojikd gunja raktika kakanandikaCudamanih SitapAki sikhandi krsnala lataDvitiya svetakamboji durmukha kakapilukaKakadani kakabhindi vakrasalya kirit ika" (Ma.ni.)l
lorw qsr+ftr, +q |{|qo-6 Frurarcql IdrDmr yffi srs=Ta gq1fo+r rrt+a q rFnry +s +lqH fi+fuWun r{q[st crqsr s Rfl qrg$Eqqr tlkfrq da-+pir$ +dgqil FrfiFaor rq.r+.refr Ersr(qqr lt (rt. fr.)
["Gunja cudamanih saumya sikhandi krsnalarunaTamrika sitapaki syaduccat a krsnacudi kaRakta ca raktika caiva kamboji bhil l ibhusanaVanyasya manacuda ca vijfreya EodasahvayaDvitiya svetakaiboji svetagunja bhirintikAKakadani kakapTlurvaktrasalya sadahvaya" (RA.ni.)l
rlt-qTrq E zivq eK qnfrtqrm*t r
SqVilqsq'qrq-{wlTc<fu{F6 r r
i{r{q-di qq e-ei +rq*omr€q l
Tft yq<E€rfr r+dr q rr+drjfr s l ('rt.e.)["Gunjadvayam tu kesyar.n syat vatapittajvarapahamM u kha6osabhramasvasatrsnamadavi nasanamNetramayaharam vrsyam balyam kanduvranapahamKrminpral uptakusi han i rakta ca d haval ajpi ca " (Bha. pra.)l
I{ot sen drn ftffidr q}dwn q wlilffm rfrnT{qrz1-qtrs friprqqqrq6r 1s
!{-qrsq g {herNi dd ilk*i RTs.[ r
T[gq1 tqr€-tri q{A +dT cfl-se rr" (q.fr.)
['Gunja rukSa tatha tikta viryosna ca prakirttitaVisavaisamyajantughni rogagrAmabhayapahaGufrjadvayar.n tu sitosnam bijam vantikaram siphaSrl lagh ni visahrtpatram vasye sveta plasasyate " (Dha. n i.)l
€ fuffr *qm +qfur-a r
st|qr {Fddr *'V-qr e;q EqI qoIKI ll
{Tqq-6{r d-{r qhsl {d-6T-( |
ek 1qhrF{,i su-€EGNTft l" (+.fr.)["GunjaJnusna rase tikta kasaya kaphapittahaCaksusya suklala kesya tvacya rucya balapradaIndraluptahara tivra savisa madamohakrl l 3
Hanti raksograhavisam kand[kusthavigaklmin" (Kai.ni.)]
T{-crrq qqtd-4a {€q rilwr s.qrqq.'{ |
Ez'j +gq-.r-s qw c-d qq rr
Hri tui klfr<qtd a"i 5q1a,mmrefu s 6o-q qe +.m q.{ tlqqvidtq qtrt :JE{ qrg as'r can rril6 q-( Trflqf4 fr qrfd+-I Fil{ rr
qo-ffr6r ao wi q frqqRrs'l r
€-d'Jq-qr ffitq srfr-+lqT-q"r r" (ttT.fr.)
["Gunjadvayam svadutiktam balyam cosnam kasayakamTvacyam kesyanca rucyanca sitam vrsyam matam budhaihNetrarogam visam pittamindraluptam vranam krminRaksasagraphapidam ca kandum kustham kapham JvaramMukha6irsarujam vatam bhramam svasam ti'sam tathaMoham madam nasayati bijam vantikaram matamSulanasakaram mulam pa!'nar.n ca visanasakamSvetagufrja visesena va6ikaranakrnmata" (Sa.ni.)l
'1i@ q& F+i q io*va, tt
cilKTfqq dilfr{ qg q}+ *fto-q t
{o dlqrd-fi rjqqr 6-fEt{s-qqq{ il (3{.€.fu. sc)
[ 'Kriyativrlte jathare tridose tu vi6esatahDadyadaprcchya tajnatln patum madyena kalkitamMulam kakadani gunja karavirakasambhavam (A.hr.Ci.1 5.)l
Remarks: In appearance and st ructure. the roots ofboth var iet ies ( red and whi te)arc identical. but in Kerala the ph1'sicians usually prefer the white-seededvarietv.
l 4
Abrus precatorius
Coll. No. AVS 2448
Acacia caesia (Linn.) Willd.(A.intsia Willd.)
Mimosaceae (qqO-Tq. )
Distribution : Throughout India. in dry forestsThe plant: A large climbing prickly shrub with 5-angled stem; leaves
compound, rachis 10 - 20 cm long with a large oblong swollen glandat the base and below 3 - 4 of the uppermost pinnae; leaflets 8-15pairs, glabrous; f lowers white in axil lary and terminal panicles; fruitsthin pods. dark brown with thickened sutures.
Parts used: bark. flowersProperties and uses: The soft beaten bark of the plant has cleansing
properties and protects the skin against microorganisms. The flowersare reported to be used by Santal women to treat menstrualdisorders.
"Fr5qfu+,T 1qfufi sr(nrftr w 5qw+<fi rgeeefr (€.)[Nikunjika kufrjika syat proXta sa kufiiavallariBrhadvalti . " (Sva.)J
Errgl€g
eqr*Vqrte{ff i<gRq..frcrl l '(R.)
t". ........ . tvagasyastu gharsanenangasaukhyadaTvacya Xesya Oenasuddhikantipugtikari parA" (Sva.)l
i *'n]
x"nMal
I san
I TamI tet
Aita, Nikufrcam (tor, FrtqqlAntarike (uoood)lfrca, lfrca (plcoor, gqoor)Nikufrjika fktqFe-fir)lfrcakkai, Sinxxai (ggedsnur, Srirsnur)Nallsandra (JgboF)
t7
q)
J
3Eq)
a
.gooo(,o(to(,
Itt
Coll. No. AVS 2402
I
Acacia catechu (Linn.f.) Willd.Mimosaceae ({Eo-tEt)
Distribution : Eastern slopes of Western Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,Punjab and Himalayas upto an elevation of 1,500 m
The plant: A moderate sized deciduous tree,9-12 m in height with darkgreyish or brown rough bark and hooked short spines, leavesbipinnately compound, leaflets 30 - 50 pairs, main rachis pubescentwith a large conspicuous gland near the middle of the rachis; flowerspale yellow, sessile in peduncled axillary spikes; fruits flat brownpods, shiny and with a triangular beak at the apex and narrowed atthe base; seeds 3-10 per pod.
The gummy extract of the wood is commercially known as'kath'or'cutch'. The cutch available in the market is brittle of differentshapes and dark brown in colour. On breaking, it is found to be shinyand forms crystal-like pieces.
Parts used: bark, heartwood. kathProperties and uses: The bark is useful in melancholia, conjunctivitis and
haemoptysis. The heartwood is bitter, astringent, acrid, cooling,depurative, anthelmintic, antiseptic, antidysenteric, antipyretic,appetiser, haemostatic, haematinic. anti-inflammatory and tonic. It isuseful in vitiated conditions of kapha and pitta, catarrh, cough.pruritus, leprosy, leucoderma, skin diseases, helminthiasis, anorexia,diarrhoea, dysentery, foul ulcers and wounds, haemoptysis,haematemesis, haemorrhages, intermittent fever, inflammations,odontopathy, anaemia, diabetes, splenomegaly and pharyngodynia.
The kath is acrid, bitter, thermogenic, digestive, appetiser,aphrodisiac, vulnerary anthelniintic, depurative and tonic.It is usefulin vitiated conditions of. kapha and vata, laryngopathy, flatulence,
Eng
Hin
Kan
Mal
San
Tam
Tel
Cutch treeKhair, Khaira (d{, +n )Kalu 1d*r;Karinnal i (a,o'l6aBcei)
Khadirah (qkr,)
Karunkali (sqgdrsnc0)
Podalimdnu ($6oJr"i!)
IIi
l 9
Acacia catechu
part of leaf
part of fruitshowing seed
20
anorexia, ulcers, wounds, helminthiasis, leucoderma, leprosy, skindiseases, urorrhea, colporrhagia. erysipelas and odontopathy.
€RI rTqzrqq fErfr Hqi qRfErrEFr: {Fczr: r
ted frr.d€, {-+-o--+) rEiRrKQq tlIilq'd e|orirJEir qro, tnaaoo-r+' riq-S{reil 6}qqqr, trd, qqffi' il " (31.q.)
["Khadiro gayatryahvah ksiti ksami dantadhavanah salyahKusthagno homataruh sakantako raktasarascaProcyate Oatapatroljlho balah kuiilakantakahJihmasalyo homavrksah sabdaih paryayavacakaih" (A.ma.)l
"qRt errxfq GrEr, Ti ffi elcr rgfleil es6-rys'utrrrt qdqr+{, rr'n+i koqrq{q +-rE qr{qgen r
tetRdsqnr-s !eq, qK(w{{q, n" ({r. F. )["Khadiro balapatrasca khadyah patri ksiti ksamaSusalyo vakrakanta5ca yajnanrgo dantadhavanahG-yatrl jihmasalyasca kanti saradrumastathaKusJharirbahusara6ca meOhyan saptada6ahvayah (Ra.ni.)l
'sf<, vfla-ait ei<q, +u-q*reroFrgq r
tfia, q,qffr &, TFrtrqravn{ l
@ * q r " ( w . r . )[Khadirah 6itato Oantyah kandukasarucipranutTiktah kasayo medoghnah krmimehajvaravrananSvitra6oph-mapittasrapandukust hakaphan haret" (Bha.pra.)l
'ef<, sqrt ftrd frc, ftnss.rs3q I
5E|qsr€-6T-{rilf,fus}sE{: {ir: il " (s.fr.)["Khadirah syad rase tikto himah pittakaph-sranutKusJ hamakasakandatikrmidosaharah smrtah " (Dha. ni.)l
"{skt Ssaqar1
" (".{.R\7
[Khadirah kusthaghn-nam " (Ca.Su.25.)]
"{r+{Ri raRl+srq " (g.fu. ri)
["Sanairmehinam khadirakaEayam " (Su.Ci.22.)]
21
" oLor6rwo;o<Dl@19Jlgg)
mdqa,l"doLoJ@)oo6nDr
gqor rudru1aeflerGfiD(oo
a,o'legncejlollos rocDo
coarnSrru;" ni{UrDcu}o 6rono
<.oo1gcrnlolo]ronDoo'r (<rl].olc)
["Cavafi umadhuriccul I u karinnSliyute rasamSarvaku g! hapramehanca medassu qn pittavu m kaphamlva varddhikkilanneram samippanumituttamam " (Gu.pa.)l
Remarks: The gummy extract of the wood is known as cutch.
"qrF<, qRt{1e, a-ffitil iq-6, qd, t
tq, qRrqr{q aen iq, qsfqErq: l " (rt.fr.)
[" Khadirah khad irodbhutah tatsaro ranrgadah smrtahJneyah khadirasara5ca tatha ramgah sadahvayah" (Ra.ni.)l
"s€16, €ktgR, ftffiu1, 6tFeftr6( |durdu-dlqqq{q qffiq{, c{, l" ({. F.)
["Katukah khadirasarah tiktosnah kaphavatahrtVranakanthamayaghna6ca rucikrddipanah parah" (Ra.ni.)l
"Frqicwet {gt.agq, qq6ffi1, 1erq ffi ar* gchmwruf*q rr" (q.fr.)["Niryasastasya madhuro balyah 5uklavivarddhananSarastu visado vlarlyo mukharogakaphasrajit." (Ma.vi.)l
Eng
Hin
Kan
Mal
San
Tam
Tel
Cutch,Catechu
Kattha (6eTr)
Kalusdra (d9.:xod)
Kattu 1a,c<urd;Khad i rasarah ({g|({gR, )Kacukkat t i (sn*tisrr-g)
Kodiramu (6gib;5:a)
22
Coll. No. 8.S.1. (A.C. )2340
Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd.Mimosaceae ({€o-to{)
EngHin
KanMal
SanTam
White babool,.Distil ler's acaciaSafed babul, SarAb ki kikar (q+'-( qr{o, YRrq td fu+.R)
Bi l i ja l i (EOdaO)
Vel velam, Vel velakam (ooluacolelo, ooludcolela,")Arimedah lerRt<')Velvelam, Pattaiccarayamaram(GoroirGeuoulb, utcor-rienqnuLoqrb )Tellatumma (Egdt J)a)
Distribution: Throushout India. in dry deciduous forestsThe plant A moderate sized tree upto 30 m in height with spreading
branches. crooked and gnarled stems. white spines and paleyel lowish grey to near ly whi te bark wi th pale red ins ide: leavesbipinnate, 2.5-5 cm long, main rachis pubescent with a cup-shapedgland between each pair of pinnae, 5-15 pairs of pinnae of 12-30pairs l inear-oblong. obtuse: f lowers in large terminal tomentosepanicles, heads numerous. globose; fruits sessile, thin, f lat, sl ightlycurved pods, covered with pale brown tomentum; seeds 10 - 20 perpod.
Parts used: barkProperties and uses: The bark is astringent, bitter, thermogenic. styptic.
alexeteric, anthelmintic. vulnerary, demulcent, constipating.expectorant and antipyretic. It is useful in vit iated conditions ofkapha, bronchitis. cough. inflammation. skin diseases, leucoderma,leprosy, pruritus, erysipelas. vomiting. wounds, ulcers, diarrhoea,dysentery, internal and external haemorrhages. dental caries. oralulcers, proctoptosis, stomatit is and. intermittent fevers.
"3f{H rfifti15qffigffiq, Irirrrffi--q{q qslfrKffiR: s-{q-dfr s il " (31.q.)
[ ' Arimedo bhavedvelo mukharogaripurhimahGodhaskandha5ca sarparrstvaksarah katphaleti ca" (A.ma.)l
"vna-+ln-EErq'hTffi-xfr1fti-{+, r3rkHjftqrcrq 6cEAftA-c+, l' ({.fr.)
z-)
Acaci- leucophloea
@wbud
twinflorescence -. ls
llower
24
1" tri meOolrimeda6ca goOhaskandhojrimedakahRnimeOojnimara5ca putimeOoJnimeOaXan" (Ra.ni.)l
"g{fif(, sqrffI gosRrrqrqfu( rE R @ i l ' ( q T . e . )
["Arimedah kasayosno mukhadantagadasrajitHanti kanduvisasl esmakrmikusthavisavranan" (Bha.pra.)l
"3TfrtE, +.qrffi qrEqr{r+, rlMrffr*.rsEil ffiaryq, l' ({r.fr.)["Arimedah kasayosnastikto bhutavi nasakahSopnatisarat<asaghno visavisarpanasanah" (Ra. ni.)l
"s{fri-{s Frqirfr qgrq 6rg!rc: IsrEqft$rTfu gfrFr' riwrka, l " (fr.{.)["Arimedasya niryaso madhurastu balapradahDhatuvrddhikara5caiva munibhih samprabhasitah,, (Ni.ra.)l
'frq' 6E, +.qrMtpt eR *.* yi1,
*.o-{c{ilr6t1 qkgq(drff{fr | |d-fi?i fd-ffcgr fu'droi 6s-crd-f( I " t*. fr. I["Rimah katuh kasayosnastlksno hanti kapham krminKanduraktagrahan vastimukhadantagadanapiTatphalam tiktamadhuram snigdhosnam kaphavitanut" (Kai.ni.)l
"gRH di ccdt t€q<rErqrr€, l " (il.fr.)["lrimedo vrane pathyo mukhadantamayapahah', (So.ni.)]
Remarks : According to some reports. the bark of Acacia fernrglnea DC. is alsoused as arimidah in some parts of India.
25
Col l . No. B.S. l . (A.Z.C.) 9736
Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Willd.ex Del.ssp. indica (Benth.) Brenan(A.arabica auct.non( Lam. ) Willd.)
Mimosaceae (q€o-t6t)
Eng
Hin
Kan
Mal
San
TamTel
Babul, Black babool, Indian gum arabic treeBab't, Babur (qo, qq{)
Karijdli, Baunijali (*O?rDO. r,Flael)
Karivelam (a,o'lcon.)
Barburah, Vavarl 1q$,, qt+fr)
Karuvelam, Karuvel (sqgGorouLb, olqGoLol)Nal latum ma (,:ger.:::;)
Distribution: Throughout India. in deciduous forests, also cultivatedThe plant: A moderate sized tree upto 10 m in height with dark brown or
black longitudinally f issured rough bark and reddish brown heart-
wood. branchlets slender, pubescent when voung: leaves bipinnately
compound, main rachis downy. often with glands, stipular spineshighly variable, often whitish. straight and sharp, pinnae 4 - 9 pairs.
leaflets subsessile, l0 - 2-5 pairs. nearly glabrous; f lowers goldenyellow in globose heads. peduncles axil lary in fascicles of 2 - 6; fruits
stalked. compressed. monil iform pods with constrictions between theseeds: seeds 8-12 per pod.
The 'gum' (gum Arabic) exudes from cuts in the bark in the fprm
of rounded or ovoid ' tears ' . each drop about 1.2-5 cm in s ize. I tscolour varies from pale yellow to black.
Parts used: bark, gumProperties and uses: The bark is astringent, acrid. cooling. styptic.
emol l ient . vu lnerary. anthelmint ic . const ipal ing, depurat ive.aphrodisiac. diuretic. expectorant. alexeteric. emetic and nutrit ive. It
is useful in vit iated conditions of kapha and pitta, haemorrhages.
wounds. u lcers. helminth ias is . asc i tes. chronic dvsenterv. d iarrhoea.leprosy. leucoderma. skin diseases. burning sensation. strangury.cough. bronchitis. leucorrhoea. haemorrhoids. proctoptosis. seminalweakness, pharyngodynia. uterovesical disorders. oral ulcers andodontopathv.
The gum is sweet. astringent. cooling. emollient. expectorant.constipating. l iver tonic. aphrodisiac. haemostatic. antipvretic and
tonic. It is useful in vit iated conditions of vata and pitta. cough,asthma. diarrhoea, dysentery. seminal weakness. haemorrhages.
26
Acacia nilotica ssp. indica
ffi)(TWt\J
bud: \ I l l
2',7
leprosy, pharyngodynia, pneumonosis, haemorrhoids, urinogenitaldischarges. burns, colic, intermittent fevers and general debility.
"a-qo, i*qb.m' s-qfuqone: s+frs: Is qq +fird{ili{F{r qwdRci l " (!rT. c.)
["Bab0lan kinkiratah syat kihkaratah sapitakahSa eva kathitastajfrair-bha satpadamodini" (Bha.pra.)l
e$t gq-dR{Fs +-aLodeq+-u-ers ri,5rt, fq.ffiwga frf6'u-g, r6-(FR[.6: tluc*e' qruqrq) iq{ifd <tlr({q: r ({r.fr.)
["Barburo yugal aksasca kantalustiksnakantakahGos.rnrgaf' pan t<ti Oila6ca dirghakant ah kaphantakahDrdhabijah svasabhakgyo ineyasceti dasahvayah (Ra.ni.)l
q5: 6s-J(qra 5€-ffuEqqE, | (r{r.e.)
["Babulan kaphanud grahi kusthakrmivisapahah" (Bha.pra.)]
Tqoq ;F$t-dwt: EF(F.FRIII1IJFI€: Ierqc<ftgnq, fi1sq1-ffiqpr6, 11dqdq .ro s-er iqvn d'qti To r
s-toci *iqrF6 gtqqfirfirqk( rro-dri 6-{q Fhssq€dil{rq | (+. fr.)
['Babbulastu kasayosnah kaphakasamayapahahArnaraktatisaragh nah pittadahartti na6anahBabbulasya phalam ruksam vi5adam stambhanam guruBab-lapatram samgrahi purusavyadhikasajitRucyam katlsnam durnamakaphamarutana5anam' (Kai.ni.)]
"qq.d{sgffiffifi1flkorr€, 1{ftrftTsrfirflrg}6r(tqRn, rrrrr+riqrtr+, qfra, {ifrrilqt{qRq, r" (3Tr.ls.)
["Babbulasya tu niryaso grahi pittanilapahahRaktetisarapittasramehapradarana6anah _Bhagnasamdhanakah sitah sonitasrutivaranah' (A.vi.)l
"s-tq *.qrdt6ut: rf,(ffiffipf€fffi: I3ilq-.ftrFd€Rq, fuf,ff€rft{rwr' I r" ({.1q. )
l'Barburastu kasayosnah kaphakasamayapahahAmaraktatisaraghnah pittadaharti na5anah " (Ra. ni.)l
-e-qdt dsroutffidq: gg({l-{, I
2tl
teq[q qo irs q-d Fhfirqn rr " td.fr.)[" Babbulo vrarlaka.nlasyanadighnah kaphahrt saral;t
Kuslhaghnasca phalar.n tasya bhedanam kpinasanam" (So'ni')l
"eqona-mrg' ft4rq, {frdwrcqt, telrqafirftfgRrun ar{H\ Tr6fr\ {d, trq-i +.r{i s fri'q qrd .frftqrtq.1tqki trh€ vqt(c+{ qre6 qtr{ rr
s?i s-{qs,r€q [email protected]( t
{qds q-o ser fu rdqi To tt
6vni rg{ sfti dqi *qfrareq | " (fr.{.)
[" Babbulastiktamadhurall snigdhah sitoqnatuvaranAmaraktatisaranam nasano grahako matahKapham kasam ca pittam ca daham raktetisarakam
Vatam prameham 6amayet pa.rnantu grahakammatam
Rucyam katusnakasaghnam vatapumstvakapharsanutBabbulasya phalar.n ruksam vi6adam stambhanam guru
Kasayam madhuram sitam lekhanam kaphapittahrt" (Ni'ra')l
29
Acacia poly antha Willd.(A. suma (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham.')
Mimosaceae ({Eo-toq)
Distribution: Bengal, Bihar. Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, in moist localitiesThe plant: A medium sized tree with white bark exfoliating in papery
flakes with horizontal patches of darker colour, young shoots downy;leaves bipinnate, leaflets 30 - 50 pairs, l inear-oblong, pubescent,nerves obscure, glands between many of the pairs of pinnae, stipularspines short, straight or slightly hooked; flowers sessile, white, inspikes; fruits f lat pods, 7-12 cm long with a triangular beak at theapex; seeds many.
Parls used: heartwoodProperties and uses: The heartwood is bitter, astringent, acrid,
thermogenic, depurative, anthelmintic and revulsive. It is useful inleprosy, leucoderma, pruritus, skin diseases, vitiated conditions ofkapha, diabetes, helminthiasis, ulcers, epilepsy, insanity, rheumatismand obesity.
"q-({, qk{-fr-R: .6rat6Fair{q 6q6, ffi IA{ q frq+cq,, qfqsq, {qwqr{q rli*gsil c-6r+l6: Efffff,: g+Fu-e$: Iqm-{eT qfr fu' Yrd, qqtq{rq$, 1" (sr.q.)
["Kadarah khadirakarah kalaskandhasca kamukah kamiNemi ca somavalkah pathidrumah 6yimasara5caNemivrkso mahakalah kalakah ksudrakantakahCakravrkga iti jneyah sabdaih parySyavacakaih (A.ma.)l
"fE1 : TiFtctq&F{rr {qrqgtfq 6,rrim, r
30
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
White cutch tree, White catechuSvetakhair f MrlKandaraha, M0gali, (Eoddd. dlrode))Ven kari n na I i, So m arayatto I i (ooerdao1e6,rJcel1, cmtcoocororurocerl)Kadarah, Somavalkah (s-R,, fr{Qe.5,)Kovil, Silaiyufr cai (Gsnoflcil, Fcoouqgcos)Tellatumma, S6mavalkamu, Tellasundra(EgU:;lg. iF$JoFJ::, doh:op)
polyantha
Courtesy: NBRI, Lucknow.
3 l
+-uerd'H +fi q-trgeit ffiq, ttrf6ttt6fi: {iq{uil qFiqqr, g6u-r+1 r
*tffqi-an' {il+r ffu{si Fo-{qq , r (dt.fr.)
["Kadarah somavalka6ca syamasaroltha karmukah
Kantadyo gorado vakro mahavrkqo dvijapriyah
Mahaval kah samvarano margavlksah sukant aki
Kamboiipatrakah somo nemivrkso marudbhavah" (So.ni.)]
"6{t ffi qud gcffiq-( t" (qr. c. a *.fr.)
["Kadaro visado vamyo mukharogakaphasrajit "(Bha.pra.& Kai.ni.)]
"9t6+EtAqET: 6qfoqqv6q5' 1
cro-ss€wrT{, $-qq, ftqtraq1tr, rr (q.fr.)
[" Pramehamedodosagh nah kaphapittavranapahahPandukugthapra6amanah kadarah svitranasanah" (Ma.ni.)l
"+dq €ffift: e6gf.l: EFg6ntfEF: I
ouEfuqcEea: rfi'rfirfJll![0Jffi, Ir ({t.F.)
["Svetastu khadirastiktah kagyah katurusnakaht<anOutiOnutakust haghnah kaphavatavranapahah" (Ra.ni.)l
"ftq q|g1kft' qfrd, frfrs'slr6' I
r+rffiq srqteidrm{, n (q.h.)
["svetastu khadirastiktah sitah pittakaphapahah
Raktadosahara6caiva karldukusJ havina6anah" (Dha.ni.)l
"erq ffir erd 5cirq-<mrrg( rr (c.fs.)["Sarastu vi5ado vamyo mukharogakaphasranut" (Ma.vi.)]
"'i!rsrd drteF qr, r {wt' r (fi.fr.)[" Goradakhyo gu nai rebhiryu kto nylnal;r sa b.rmhar;rah" (So. ni.)]
Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Men(A. concinna (Willd.) DC.)
Mimosaceae (VqO - 5Oa
SanTam
Tel
Soapnut-acaciaSatala, Koci (qrcor, +'fql)Sege 1&r1;Ca!'malanta, Carmantala, Cikkakka, Cinikka, Civikka(d6oelcto, ordaaoet,
"Jleercoeic, "Jlcnleerc, "Jlor'laoc;Saptala, Carmasahva (qqrol, qfgiqfl)
CikaikkAi, Ciyakkai, Cikkai (Ocosdsnur, Surdonur, Sdsnur)
Sikdya (fls-ob)
Distribution: Throughout India. in forestsThe plant: A stout prickly climbing shrub with brown branches dotted with
whitel leaves bipinnate, main rachis bearing sharp hooked pricklesand a large gland on the petiole, pinnae 8 pairs or more, leaflctssubscssile, sensitive, unequal sided, glabrous; f lowers small inglobose heads, polygamous; fruits short-stalked thin pods, f lat,coriaceous, the sutures straight; seeds 6 - 10 per pod.
Parts used: podsProperties and uses: The pods are bitter, astringent, cooling, diuretic,
emet ic . deobstruant , detergent , depurat ive and anthelmint ic . T 'heyare useful in vit iated conditions of pitta, burning sensation,constipation, renal and vesical calculi, strangury, haemorrhoids,erysipelas, leucoderma, leprosy, prurigo, abscesses and eczema.
The powdered pods (known ascikkikkai powder) are the bestalternativep to soaps in all cases of skin diseases.
-{kroT qqror €Rr le-tdr rqEforJqsl I
E3fr{r qC-+.qr +{r *Edr rrrhsT r (q.fr.)["Satala saptala siri vidula vimalaimalaBehuphena carmakasa pnena Oipta maralika" (Dha.ni.)l
"qrcor lhrfr icmr qqfl-fl|-s*tr& r
@qrcd-f(q+( I t" (rl.fr . )1'Satala 6oOnani tikta kaphapittasradosanutSopnoOarAOnmanahara kifr cinmarutakrdbhavet" (Dha. ni.)l
J-')
Acacia sinuata
of fruitshowing seeds
bisexual flower
J4
qlddr 6.s.lTnqi oq fir4flI 4.qfz16t I
@ i l " ( { T . f r . )[ 'satala kaphapittaghnl laghu tikta kasayikaVisarpakusthavisphotavrana6ophanikrntanT (R-.ni.)l
"{o-dnk+ Tqq
[" Mulatvagadikam grahyam']
Remarks : I r r 'Amai 'akos t . r r , l r t J l r l . t , i tu l , l . hhr t r tp l l . l r r , land (d i l t ldk r ts r t J rc p i \ . cn as
svnonvms l t t r t tp t t t l , t . In lhc : lme tcx t J (JPId l ' r i s mcnt ioned a5 a s \n ( )n \m f ( ) r
t tr tvunnll iku (nt i imutla)also. -fhis has led to lot of confusion.
T l r t ' Sanskr i t ( 'onrmentar r ' Vakr aprad ip ik t ( T r ik kov i l Uzhut ra Var ie r )
on 'Astangahrdayam' gives the lerm brahmi in Malayalam for saptal i
included uncler the vegetable group of drugs Parri l rrsrrptularist ir l i a;
ment ioned in 'As tangahrdar am- Sut ras thanam' Chapter -6 . But'Pa thvak i i ra
in te rpre ts i t t ( ) mcan (o rnmntaro and g ives i t another Sanskr i t
tcrm hruhmi yi iesuh. Since ruptrr l l and ( 'oni lus(thuri aru the svnonynrs l i rr thc
same drug. i t mav not be proper to regard them as two dif ferent ones. In the
tcxt 'sahasravogam' in the formulati t tn o[ Arir,r t , tA', ,r ' , trn,,rn the Malal 'alam
tt 'rrn l tr t thrrrt is uscd l i rr : i t t t lu. ln Ahhit lhanamanjari ' hoth .sutul i antl
t r tn t r t t . \ ( t l t r t t . thc iu t r svn( )n \m\ t r l s . r | r t r r / r l hare hecn used as .s t t t t lu h r t t l t tn i in
N{alayalam.
It woulcl not be proper to identi fy- t 'arntus,thr 'r t . (Acatia sinuttu)as
brahmi or bruhmivi iJs(rni a\ t l te formcr is a tcrrcstr ial pricklv cl imber sccn
in forcsts while the latter is a hvdrophvte growing along the water courses.
Bt ' s ides . thc r ro r t l s . \ ' t t l td ld . . r r i t r r l , ian t l curm' tsahv i a rc svnonvms t l l lhe s i tmc
tlr l ,g tarnnkasa which is alw'avs identi f ied in Malavalam as curmalunta
(At 'u t iu s inuota l . The uord tu rn tnA, ts t i , u 'h ich means tha t wh ich iubs away
skin eruptions, is also appropriate f.or ctnikktt ( t 'urntulutrt t) .
3-5
Coll. No. AVS 1181
Acalypha indica Linn.Euphorbiaceae (q{ug-Toq)
lndian acalypha
Kuppikhokli 1t;.rMlKuppigida (6rdJnd)
Kuppameni (6,]HcacDl)
H aritam afr j ari 16fun-srwfr )Ku ppai men i, Ku ppaveni (gL-LcouGLoeofl , guuGolcbrfl )Kuppicettu, Kuppinta, Muripindi (su33iu3, 5o3roo. :::o3o&;
Eng
HinKan
Mal
San
Tam
Tel
Distribution: A weed found throughout the plains of India
The plant: An erect. annual herb with numerous ascending branches:
leaves long-pet to led. ovate or rhombic-ovatc. acutc. cuncate at basc.
crenate-serrate, glabrous, thin: both male and female flowers in
axil lary spikes, male flowers minute. followed by a tuft of steri le
flowers, the females scattered, 3 - 5 surrounded by a many-nerved
bract; fruits capsules. small. concealed by the bract; seeds ovoid,
smooth, pale brown.Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter. acrid. expectorant. purgative.
emetic. gastrointestinal irritant and diuretic. The roots and leaves
are used to treat skin diseases. constipation. ulcers, bronchitis,
vit iated conditions of. vata, otalgia and croup.
"+1fu-or ors-d go-sr 5gq"tr qffi tY+tr{U-& 5{s]ar il{dr Efi"cqqfr ll- (Fq.)t"Kokila kakali munda kutsyapa.r1l vrsodari
Sveta5untni murakanta p.rokta haritamafrjari" (Sva')l
"*.rs{-qw-6fr t{ffi *.sd s-96-r dql I
H {t-dr tq qcqffifli qdr tt
f,-fl-dsr{ i-fii s!i{tot{ qr( |rFFfiGF-Fr qffiq q|oHr ceear6( ll" (R.)
36
Acalypha indica
/f-\v,)wseed
ffifruit
J I
I Kasasvisahari t ikta kaphaghnl katuka tathaRecani mutral a caiva jvaravdtahara smrlaTatpatrasvarasam proktam karnasulaharam param
Patrakalkasya varttistu balanam malabandhahrt (Sva.)l
38
Coll. No. AVS 1422
Achyranthes aspera Linn.Amaranth ace ae (.fugdq -S-da
EngHinKanMal
SanTam
Prickly chaff-flower PlantCircita, Cicim{a 1ffiat, fofrstl
Uttarani (eJs-d$)Kat alati, Vankat alati, Valiyakat alati
1asercs1, o.toda,setcs'1, orcL'lco a,seos'l;
Apamargah (3TcIcFi')
Katalati, Nayuruvi (srounrq, Drttlg6t5l)Apamargdmu (s):r- :5)
Distr ibut ion: ' fhrought lut India. a long roadsidcs and wastc p laces as wcl l
as ttn hil ls uPto 9(X) rn
The plant: An e rcct. much hranchcd suffruticose or diffuse shrub upto one
metre in hc ight wi th quadrangular s t r ia te pubescent branchcs '
th ickened just above the nodes. leaves s imple. opposi te. exst ipulate.
vclvety tomentose. orbicular. obovate or elhptic, 10 cm long and
7.5 cm broad: f lowers bracteate and bracteolate, greenish. dcflexed.
in slender spikes clften 45 cm long: fruits easily disarticulating oblong
urt ic le ; seeds s ingle. inverse.
Parts used: whole Plantproperties and uses: The plant is acrid. bitter. thcrmogenic, expectorant,
revulsive. carminative. digestive. stomachic' laxative. anodyne'
depurative, anthelmintic. diuretic. l inthontriptic. sudorif ic'
demulcent. haematinic anci anti-inflamatorv. It is useful in cough,
asthma. bronchitis. dyspepsia. f latulence. colic' painful
inflammations. dropsv. ophthalmopathy, vomiting. leprosy' skin
diseases. pruritus. helminthiasis. strangury. renal and vesical calculi '
cardiac disorders. anaemia. vit iated conditions of kapha and r.ara and
gcneral debil it.v.
3rcrcT'iK PRqt tsf'rfi €rq-.f,{fr |
Sli6{qlarq'{rca e-.q+qqi qco: ll
6rrsql-e: dcftdt +$-E grfirrt, t
stiT{Fq qrtqqi q-o-& c-ffi rrq-ffEi Tit &rq6 tr{.fuaq.r-6 '
Tel
39
Achyranthes aspera
Wf lower
t ' ' ' " [
40
qroFFU-zT=r t-q{q 7?ilfr{Ifr{r{s: lt" ({r.fr.)
["Apamargastu sikhari kinihi kharamafrjariDurgrahascapyadhahsalyah pratyakpuspi mayu rakahKandakantah 6aikhariko markati durabhigrahahVa6ira5ca parakpuspi kanti markatapippaliKaturmafrjariko nandi ksavakah panktikanlakahMalakanta6ca kublasca trayovirhsatinamakah (Ra.ni.)l
"3{qrqrrt: qide"il ffi6q, qg, 1qtq-il qwffBffiit{orq-tr tr
trtR qsTscnwf,+.trqqffi r" (qr.e.)
["Apamargah sarastiksno dipanastiktakah katuhPacano navanaschardikapnamedolnilapahaNihanti hydrujadhmanarsahkandu5ulodarapaci" (Bha.pra.)l
"3TcrcFilitrrt-( frepir rqr( qfr$fqh qa-( rqrrrdhl .ff{iTrfr 161frqlf€qd, rr" (S.fr.)1" npamalgolgni krt tiksno nasyat sirsakrmin jayetVamako raktasarirg rahi raktatisarahm matah" (So. n i.)l
"*qt<ijtro-r{ ffi 1ffi qq1 I
{A cF} q qgsr *dwn €rrdrsrfr n" (q.fr.)
[" Kaphamedojni lahara chedani srarirsani tathaRase pat<e ca katuka viryosna kharamaijarl" (Ma.ni.)l
"3rvtqrtq ffisq,6g{? s's-{l-{t{: Iqri+vq<rtqTn rtr6( TrR ilk-t-( l" (q.ft., {r.ii.)
["Apamargastu tiktosrah katu5ca kaphana6anahArdakandr-rdaraOnmano raktahrd grahi vantikrl" (Dha.ni., Ra.ni.)l
"Td qR Wret, {4r( E5ffio-qfirnlrf€: I3rcrqrdFq-( fiqrr, {A({' 1jq1, q1, l" ({.e.)
["Nasye vante pra6astah syat dadrukandukaphapahahAp-margagnikrt tiksnah kledanah srarhsanah parah" (Ra.va.)l
e,SepSl <nolgilao;. olC(d.)cGnDaDJo arnooGItDQ)Jo
"-r'locm orr$or1olet16rrec6]o ccoccntarisaodocodocolo cn]drDo ( <n).oJc. )["Katalati samippikkum vatatteyum kaphatteyumPinne vastiyiluntakum rogannalkkokkeyum gular.n". (Gu.pa.)l
A 1q t
Coll. No.8.S.1. (N.C.) 66957
Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex RoyleRan unculace ae (qffiilq-T-da
-_ lEngH i nKanMalSanTamTel
Atis rootRtis (:e-frs)Ativisa (er.9id)
Ativ itayam (tancDlor'lsol")
Ativisa 1eftkw)Ativadayam (gI$GULurLb)
Ativasa (e,s,::r)__t
Distributrion: Sub-Alpine and Alpine zones of the Himalayas
The plant A herb. stem crect, simple. at t imes branched: leaves more or
lcss heteromorphous, lowest leaves with long pctioles' usually
-5-lobed to the middle, uppermost leaves amplexicaull f ' lowers in leafy
panic le. b lue or v io let : f ru i ts fo l l ic les ' 16 - 18 mm long; seeds
obpyramiclal, blackish brown, angles more or less winged'
Roots tuberous. whitish or grey. smooth. cross-section pure white
in which 2 - 6 b lack ish vascular suppl ies are secn arrangcd in a
discontinuous ring. cylindric-oblong or conic. upto 2.5 cm long and
0.5 - 1.5 cm thickl breaks very casily and tastes very bitter'
Parts used: rootsProperties and uses: The roots are acrid. bitter. thermogenic. expectorant'
alcxetcric, stomachic. digestivc. antiperiodic and tonic. They are
useful in dysentery, diarrhoea, stomach disorders, fever. malarial
fever, vomiting, helminthiasis. haemorrhoids, haemorrhages, internal
inflammatory conditions and general debil ity. They are highly
recommended for diseases in children.
gutq-€oqT giiqr gufiqr IIqnT-sT q {s-s-<] |
ffissrjidfqqr Fqr q iddFd crfr RTq rr" (31.c.)
[" Ghunavallabha ghunesta ghunapliy- srhgi ka ca 6ukakanda
Visamopavisajtivisa vi9- ca visveti maOri syat" (A.ma.)l
3rfdidsr *d-qr<i fe,at q-s'fr q q-qlT I
fuFqr {qmdi<r s fuqsqr qdqfr rr
st{r sfrfssr q<t tdsr da-*i{r q-dr t
+q nqr drgqr-sfuat rt
t)
fFGt" 3 Ilum
,trW\
of f lower
"**-
F I ,
/ t ,
L.
[ 'Ativisa svetakanda visva srhgi ca bhanguraVirupa syamaxanda ca v isvarupa mahausadhiVira prativisa cardra visa Svetavaca smrlaArunopavisa caiva jneya sodadasarhmita 1Ra.nr.;]
Es"r il.oTr +-ik-{.iT <iq$ clqql *d r
@ i l 'I Visa sosn- katustikta picani dipanl haretKaphapittetisardmavisakasavamikrmin' (Bha.pra.)l
"+-+-,njAaqr ia-+-m +rnftrrenqa rqqTfrq-RsTqlal ffi rr" (q.fr. a l.F.)
["KatusnaJtivisa tikta kaphapittajvarapahaAmat isaraXasaghnl vrsacchardiv inasin i " (Dha.nr . & R5.n i . ) l
"Fy6ri qridFdq W.Etoi q filflilf,1 r3rtTdfusi,ift q qrq6{ I
@rq-f#,r.aqr +c ?ffiaq qlaqq 1;fiiiR qrFd-iTR 5ffir< ral r (ftr.)
I Triprak-ram cativisam krncidusnam ca tiktakamAgnidiptikaram gr-hi tridosanam ca pacakamRaktapittajvaramatisaraXasavisdpahamYakrdvantitrsam caiva krminarsamsca pinasamPittodaram catisaram harsavyadhiharam matam' (Ni.ra.)]
fusT dr6un oqfir{dr f,qfi qrfr q4d. I
@l(+ . f r . )["Vis- sosn- laghustikat- dipani pacani jayet
Kaphapittatisaramavisakasavam ikrm*rn (Kai. n i.) l
"cncnloLlscoroool4[gg" 6d1g]" omroccr) oro;.
OU(06fDnO@o glOAr"n.-IOtOrColoo(oo
6,ccruo!](.no dlocnaor ;a;o"oo.." ((rl.orc.)
["Ativitayamericcit tum kaccitt um rasamayvarumSaranaharam jvarakaphapittapaharam
Kasaghnam dipananca drutaharam " (Gu.pa.) l
Remarks:"afqqrjtAqr iar g+ar 5q16rnJ6q1 r
" (fr.r.)
[ ' Trividhaltivisa ineya sukla krsna tathajrunA' (Ni.ra.)]
"w{f,dt aqfusT €l Hqr agffiur rr+m dm W twn qta-qqi ae}q qr ll' (c.fr.)
45
[Syamat<anOo copaviga sa vijfreya caturvidha
naxta sveta bfsam kfqna pltavam- tathaiva sa" (Ma.ni.)l
' Indian Medicinal Plants' also mentions four variet ies: 'The root isexhibited as white, yel low, red and black variet ies. the white variety is thebest.' Therefore. it is the white variety Aconitum heterophyllum which isused in the formulations.
The root of. Cryptocoryne spiralis (Retz.) Fischer ex Wydler which iscalled nattativiqayant in Malayalam. is inexpensive and freely available in themarket. Though i t is said to have tonic and antiperiodic propert ies. i t hasnone of the other properties enumerated for ativitayam (A. heterophyllum).
Hence. i t should not be used as a substi tute f .or arivisi (at ivi tavam).
(
(
I
46
Coll. No. AVS 2405
Aconitum napellus Linn.(=A.ferox Wall.)
Ranunculace ae (qffi{N-t-Oa
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Indian aconite, Monk s hoodBachnag, Mithavis (E[s;rrrl, *aftql
Vatsandbhi lde.o-oQ)Vatsanabh i loroicnlmcral)VatsanAbhah (T€Hrq:)
Vasanavi (ol+pnofl)
Vatsandbhi 1:,5;4)
Distribution: Northern Himalayas of Nepal and KashmirThe plant: A biennial herb with tuberous roots. 60 - 90 cm in height with
an erect stem, slender to rather robust, f inely pubescent in the upperpart; leaves scattered, basal 5 - 6, upper leaves upto 10, petioles
slender, blades somewhat fleshy, reniform, rarely cordate-orbicularwith a wide and shallow sinus. 5-pgdatipartite almost to the base,lobes narrow, inciso-dentate, or laciniate. ult imate segments or teethacute, uppermost blades sessile or subsessile, much smaller and lessdissected, f lowers blue, in loose racemes, floral leaves much reducedand passing into trif id or entire and linear-lanceolate bracts; sepalsblue, hairy, uppermost helmet shaped, laterals oblique, orbicular-obovate, broadly clawed; fruits oblong, conspicuously reticulatefoll icles; seeds obovoid to obpyramidal.
Roots are dark brown externally and the fracture is scarcelyfarinaceous and yellowish, on tasting, it produces a strong tinglingsensation. The innovation bud is conic and the scales are persistentand prominently and finely nerved.
Parts used: rootsProperties and uses: The roots are sweet, thermogenic, narcotic, anodyne,
ant i - in f lammatory. d iaphoret ic . d iuret ic . expectorant . nerv ine tonic .stomachic. appetiser, carminative. digestive, stimulant. sialagogue.cardiotonic, emmenagogue. anaphrodisiac, depurative, sedative andfebrifuge. They are useful in vitiated conditions of vata, pitta andkapha, cephalalgia, neuralgia, painful inflammations, strangury,cough, asthma, bronchitis, hypotension, dyspepsia, f latulence, colic,cardiac debil ity, dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, spermatorrhoea,leprosy, skin diseases, sciatica. gout. paralysis, hepatopathy,
47
Aconitum napellus
48
splenopathy. pharyngodynia. diabetes. nasal discharges. fever,
inflammatorv fevers and debil itv.
"ftr5qnveffi,it qe+'qg'Fcqzn t
cerdc dir{k+fl{tl: r qrfud l (rlt.e.)
[" Sinduvarasadrkpatro vatsanabhyakrtistathaYatpar6vena tarorvrddhirvatsanabhah sa bhasitah" 1Bha.pra.)l
3{.q-a qR {fl{Fn fuqqu qRqqq rtRAi rp"i qrr1 Rirra s qTqER6I tl
T{ai raTrq{Ts en st{d r" (u.fr.)
["Amrtam syat vatsanabho visamugram mahausadham
Garalam maranam nagam stokakam pr-nah-rakam
Garalam sthavaradyam sy-t proktam caikadasahvayam (Ra.ni.)l
" t d q c r o r E l f u q 4 f u q f f i z r
:nrhi erffiq-€d ffi qEr*t1 tt
d-q gFrdT4d g nvmfu {vtqql l
ffi trEd {dq dffiq\ l (qT.s.)
["Visam pranaharam proktam vyavayi ca vikasi ca
Agneyam vatakaphahrt yogavahi madavaham
Tadeva yuktiyuktam tu pranadayi rasayanam
Yogavahi tridosaghnam brmhanam viryavarddhanam' (Bha.pra.)l
qqTgsur a?n alsur {ccc;q qffi q I
f f i f f i + q o E q T + l s i E f l l
rClr<rq ffi( Ergfisuqrd. fri qrilfrTq t
tso-qr(qfti Md cd-q-+I-tfir+fr q tt
{ft{Tq{+qde.qr(trIk oitfi q r
3+rqer<rgqqffi;qqqrqffi dq tt
l@ *qqqr6q-omR I
3TidfiFtd dTruK s@u oTErdr( tr
5_$i qrffis-.sr(nerqe-&fl?Ti fu1 t
fes -q1z1-{ qeq qnVffe-flr1q rr
*gfr-Ed +sFi q rq+rR gewl t
;qqrfu q M6 g€ErilsflTr+{ I
eTtr{qr€qr€'{T{catd|-E{q'r<q r
TiccF-{du'raifu {TTtHVafd-d1 | r" (Yr.fr . )
["Ruksamusnam tatha tiksnam suksmamadu vyavayi ca
Vikasi vi6adam caiva laghvapaki ca te dasa
Tadrauksyat kopayed vayumausnyat pittam sa sonitam
49
Taiksnyat matim mohayati marmabandhan bhinatti ca
dariravayavin sauks-my-t praviseOOni karoti ca
AsutuaOasruatproktam vyavay-t pfakrtim haret
Vikasitv-ddipayati dosan Ohatun malanapi
Atiricyeta vaisadyad duscikitsyanaca laghav-t
Durjaram c-vipaXitvat tasmatkle6ayate ciram
Visam rasayanam balyarp vataslegmavikaranut
Kalutiktar.n kasayar.n ca madakari sukhapradar.n
Vyavayi ca sirodvahi kuslhavatasranadanam
Agnimandyasvasakasap!ihodarabhagandaramGulmapalQuvrar.rArsamsi nasayedvidhisevitam " (Sa.ni.)l
'qRcl1nlidcg{, 1i1wi1 q;55s.1q5' I
+rao-.*efqcrdq frf,qritwitjfu s r' (q.fr.)
["Vatsanabhojtimadhurah soqno vataXaphapahah
Kantharuksannipataghnah pittasamsodhanoJ pi ca" (Dha. ni.)l
'e-N-{r.iljtrcE, ffi q565-q1q5, I
sudswtrcrdq fot-e-drrfircrt, I r" (tt.fr.)
["VatsanabhoJtimadhurah sogno vatakaphapahah
Kantharuksannipataghnah pittasantapakarakah" (Ra. ni.)l
Remarks: Indian aconite or Monk's hood is a virulent poison and hence
purif ication is needcd before using.The roots are purif ied either in cow's
urine or milk. The purif ication with milk is more effective.
50
Coll. No. AVS 2406
Acorus Calamus Linn.Araceae t{wt-$.oq)
Distribution: Throughout India in areas elevated upto 1,800 m, in marshes,also cultivated
The plant: A semi-aquatic rhizomatous perennial herb, rhizome creeping,much branched, as thick as the middle finger, cylindrical or slightlycompressed, lightbrown or pinkish brown externally, white andspongy within; leaves bright green, distichous. ensiform. baseequitant, thickened in the middle, margins wavy;flowers light browndensely packed in sessile cylindric spadix; fruits oblong turbinateberries with a pyramidal top; seeds few, pendant from the apex of thecells.
Parts used: rhizomesProperties and uses: The rhizome is acrid, bitteq thermogenic, aromatic.
intellect promoting, emetic, laxative, carminative, stomachic,anthelmintic, emmenagogue, diuretic, alexeteric, expectorant,anodyne, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, anticonvulsant, resuscitative,anti-infl ammatory sudorific, antipyretic, sialagogue, insecticidal,tranquillising, nervine tonic, sedative and tonic. It is useful in vitiatedconditions of vata and kapha, stomatopathy, hoarseness, colic,flatulence, dyspepsia, helminthiasis, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea,nephropathy, calculi, strangury, cough, bronchitis, odontalgia,pectoralgia, hepatodynia, otalgia, inflammations, gout, epilepsy,delirium, amentia, convulsions, depression and other mentaldisorders, tumours, dysentery, hyperdipsia, haemorrhoids,intermittent fevers, skin diseases, numbness and general debility.
51
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Sweet flagBacc, Gorbae6 (EflEEl, ftt-WqlBaji(a:aE)Vayampu 1orcmi;Vaca, Ugragandha (qqf, 3]Itr;qr)Vasampu (owLbq)Vasa (;b)
Acorus calamus
nflorescence
52
Sqrr+TI tffifr qr-dqffi-dr r
snv-i a Tqrrtqr qHrql q dtq{n l" (rT.e.)
["Vacog ragandha sadgrand ha golomi riataparvi kaKgudrapatri ca mangalya jatilogra ca lomasa" (Bha.pra.)l
'qiirJrr*Tr rirdrqi s|gpilr;r q dtq{n Ierqt da-+qr ieqr sq1-qr ffi 1' (r1.fr.)
["Vacogragandha golomi jati logra ca lomasaAnya svetavaca medhya sadgrandha haimavatyapi" (Dha.ni.)l
'Mm qffirlr q dqw I{qid f+srqr lrEr qqzrci{fr svr{qqt litqr $c+qr drn s-ErJ+n frffi-or rfreryr'r-qr ffi q-q{"ql fqqcr s {T l ({.fr.)
["Vacogragandha golomi jatilogra ca lomasaRaksoghni vijayA bhadra mangalyeti dasahvayaMed hya svetavaca tvanya sadgrand hA di.rghapatri kaTlksnagandha haimavati mangalya vijaya ca sa (Ra.ni.)l
"q-rirqrrqr 53mr ffiwn i@tq rE-d"rntrTrE-dd vryqrkvirfiri rr
5vat{-oq *( r' t,Tr.c.)["Vacogragandha katu ka tiktosna vantivahni krtVi bandhad h manasulaghni sakrn m[traviriodh i niApasmarakaphonmadabhutajantvanilan haret" (Bha. pra.)l
"ilftrfr Wftr*its4r qrc5$q6qTr6r I
ou-{q ttq a gFr6ql++amamqlf3q 11s-qrd"i g +-g+ stitroi qoqla{ |frqi oq-anli iqrgq q crsr( rlv-gq dtq+d Rr€E 6uaret'Tk( t' (q.fr.)
["Vamini katutiktosna vataSlesmarujapahaKanthya medhya ca krmihrdvibandhAdhmanasulanutVacadvayam tu katukam ruksosnam malamtltralamDipanam kaphavataghnam medhyayugyam ca pacanamJantughnam cogragandham syallaghu kanthasyarogajit" (Dha.ni.)l
'ieqr fi's-6{r +q ifftr *-€1 fuqr;ra, r
r+<mqfm Gitd A *r qiTr l' (c.fr.)
["Medhya kaphahara caiva tikta katvi vipakatahUnmadapasmrtihara raksoghni ca vaca mata" (Ma.ni.)]
"{sr frs{TT +-e*rr q *qnqFrqns-JE rqrcqqffi erkg;n-<r1qq rr
53
v+r*qrjngtnEql qHqrq' q{kET q.s-q( |
gqr q erdTrfFr<M q ffi q aql tt" ({.R.)
[iVaca tlkqna katlsna ca kaphamagranthi6ophanut
Vatajvaratisaraghnl vanti k!'nmadabhutan ut
Svetavacaltlgunadhya matimedhayuh samrddhida kaphanut
Vrsya ca vatabhutakrmidosaghni ca dlpani ca vaca" (Ra'ni')l
"{sr irffr +g, v* 4swn+vru-fr tffi qrq-n itqr ffi q{s{c-fl ll
rql|tr{66wfio11 t
qt; A-<-+rrnar:t rr" (*.fr.)
['Vaca tikta katuh pake katurusnamapacani
Dioani vamani medhya iivani vaksvaraprada
Hantyunmadamapasmaram raksoiantukaphanilan
Sulam vibandhamadhmanam 5akrnmutlavisodhani " (Kai'ni ') l
"aarg{ffitcr 6s-qrdrcTr-€-( r (d.ft . )["Vacayurbuddhismrtida kaphavatamabhutahrt" (So'ni')]
"s-*wn qmr la-<r qffi Paaqirf-q t
w{olFTor-.d-qt-( t t" (q.cI.F. )
[" Vacosr.ra kat u ka ti kta vamani svaravah n i krt
Aoasmarakaphonmadabhuta6ulanilafrjayet" (Ma'pa'ni')l
"e-qrgqr qftrdffi l" ({t.q.)
["Vacayugya vatakaphatfsnaghni smrtivarddhini" (Ra'va')]
olaofiul mcml eru;ar.fl€olo o,ctdcrd5lDjo rtlolmdg4jmo
rDccrDQo BcDuolejdolo a,;.'doononercm;giloi' ((')l'olo')
["Vayampu nannu buddhikkum kapnyam dipanapacanam
Nanneftam danta6ulakkum kusJhavatavalasajit"' (Gu'pa')l
Remarks: The Mareria Medicas like"Bhavapraka6am"'Rajanighal{u' etc.'
mention another variety of vaca, ivetavaca or hymavati (velvayarhpu), which'Dravyagunavijflan' identifies as lris germanica'
tt is reported that there is another variety of vaca (Acorus -gramineusSoland.) found growing abundantly in the Himalayas. The ivetavaca
mentioned in ancient textbooks might perhaps be this plant'
54
Coll. No. AV'S 2532
Actiniopteris dichotoma Bedd.Polypodiaceae ( grq-+*-$€a
Distribution: Throughout India. very common in the lower hills ofAttappady, upto 600 m in Nilgiris.
The plant: A herbaceous miniature palm-like fern upto 25 cm high withdensely tufted stipe. Fronds fan-like with numerous dichotomoussegments which are rush-like in texture, veins few. subparallel withdistinct midrib, segments of fertile frond longer than those of thebarren one, sori linear, elongate, submarginal.
Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter, astringent, sweet, cooling, acrid,
constipating, anthelmintic, haemostatic, antileprotic and febrifuge. Itis useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and pitta, diarrhoea,dysentery, helminthiasis, haemoptysis, haematemesis, leprosy, skindiseases. diabetes and fever.
["MayrJrahvasikha prokta sahaslanghrirmadhucchada" (BhA.pra.)]
[" Maylrahva6ikha jneya sahasf madhukacchadA"(Ma. pa.ni.)]
'cr1+cufi vre'S t1rrq-qfrrqr qm r" 1d.h.)
["Madh[kapami sahasri mayurahva6ikha smrta" (Kai.ni.)]
"ffiror od firfl{Aqridqrrtm( | (qr.c.)["Nllakantha6ikha laghvi pitta6le5mAtisarajit (Bha.pra.)]
EngHinKanMal
SanTamTel
Peacock's tailMay0rdikha, MOrpamtni ({{fvrql, ffi)Mayu ra6i kha (droileo9ar)
Mayura6ikha, MayilatumSikha, Nanmukappullu
1oor1o<ro1at oorlacsg.crolol, mcco]e,g]*)
May0radikha 1rq{Rrq)Mayilaturi6ikhai (Louflcun@LirFcsrs)
M ay0 ra6i kha (;lcu:r58a:)
55
Actiniopteris dichotoma
56
"c{('RqRr€I od firr{dqTftr€Rfq-( t' (q.cr.fr.)
[" Mayurahvadikha laghvi pittaslesmatisarajit" (Ma. pa. ni.)]
dtr qqrqrjwrfaqrffi* r
..1i 66-od q-€q-esi ffiE rr" (*.fr.)(*"sqrfl s-Eqrfud" s16 +ie-q)
[" Mayurahvasi kha 5ita kasayaiml aiml apakini -
Laghvi pittakaphau pakvamatisaram vinasayet (Kai.ni.)l(" "kaqaya katupakini" iti kecit.)
"qrcqr qr{sr ( {ln rugu*Run r€-d-s{f+i t-qE fiq-rsrlaltn gE( tt' ({t6o,)
["Sajya mayuracuQa tu pita tandulavarinaSarva-sapavisam hanyat kakajamghalthava dhluvam" (Sodhalah)l
Remarks: In 'Dravyagunavijfran' P.V Sharma regards Adiantum caudatum as
m9yirai ikha, whereas in'Bhavaprakasanigha4lu' and'saligramanighantubhusanam' Celosia cristata is described as mayiraiikha.
I
57
Coll. No. .AVS 1772
Adenanther& p av onina Linn.Mimosaceae ({q€-t@t)
Distribution: Throughout India. in deciduous forests. also cultivated asavenue trees
The plant: A medium sized, handsome unarmcd deciduous tree about 20min height with a clear bole of 6.0 m having greyish brown bark withlongitudinal f issures: leaves bipinnate, the pinnae 3 - 6 pairs.opposite, leaflets many, alternate, ovate - oblong, obtuse, glabrous,unequal sided, dark green above; f lowers pale yellow, in shortpeduncled racemes; fruits falcately curved pointed pods, the valvesspirally twisted after dehiscence; seeds shining bril l iant scarlet.lenticular - globose.
Parts used: bark, leaves, seeds, heartwoodProperties and uses: The bark and leaves are astringent, vulnerary and
aphrodisiac, and are useful in colonorrhea, haematuria. ulcers.pharyngopathy, vit iated conditions of vata and gout. The seeds arebitter, astringent. sweet, cooling, aphrodisiac, suppurative, antiemeticand febrifuge. They are useful in vitiated conditions of vata andpitta, golt, burning sensation, hyperdipsia, vomiting, fever andgiddiness. The heartwood is astringent, aphrodisiac. haemostatic,and is useful in dysentery, haemorrhages and vit iated conditions ofvata.
"qrcft-d{fr trs, are6{q V+fa, rqqi, vqw*q cqrd*< q<q: rl{ftrq<cqTs{qr{ rqw+1 rworu-s-+' tlioqqr, lffgf,ftrg: {iIuITIR, tq<{: l' (R.)
58
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Coralwood tree, Redwood treeBarAgufrci (sRt:l .d-S)Manjatti (d:oau!)Mafrcati(oerolcsl)Kucandanah, Tamrakah (5;{<{,, f,fftfl:)Yanai kuntumani (urneocur qeulr@Lood)Bandi g u rvi na, Mans6n i kotta (a:o,1.,',:s5J. Jca.as- ?)
Adenanthera pavonina lPtate 4 l
". );", ,,.. { _" .t o ,#.. _,x'uig;nft.,,/,*,'nl lq L *x
Jr91*"* ''
i.).jt ,1',1..r,;-i'u. '.,'\t '': -
ri, ""/1 It
' r ' ,? ' f Ff z 'K
I =:"< @tr".f_k'ry$'€r" - PJ'^^*'-i"aH#?&. {,fQ"O
_ & ;,':&,
['Araktatuvaribijah tamraka6ca suvarttul ahBarbarah Sarhbarascaiva pravalastaistu candanahRaktacandanasaOpyat ranjako raktakandakahSonavrksah tamrakandah sonasarah kucandanah" (Sva.)l
Hgffiijd fut91Fa-q6-qtrt r
rw*d q Ve\qqqw66{gq q' 11q-#rfiu-drqilErq rtir{ffiq qqd IslesRssr{q qufr rflffiq-( ttcftq<i-d(q-s gzfq' rrsi vfl t- (€.)
[" Svadutiktakaqayojsau pittabhrantivamijvaranRaktavatam ca samayet vlsyastrsnaharasca sahVaktrakant hAmayegvasya patptvakkvatha isyateKasl hasarakasayastu vrsyo raktatisarajitRaktacandanavat casya prayogah Sasyate sada" (Sva.)l
61
Coll. No. AVS 2223
Aegle mannelos (Linn.) Corr.Rutaceae (vrfrt-5enp
Distribution: Throughout India,in dry forests, also cultivatedThe planft A medium sized armed deciduous tree upto 8.0 m high with
straight,sharp,axillary thorns and yellowish brown shallowlyfurrowed corky bark; leaves trifoliate, aromatic, alternate, leafletsovate or ovate-lanceolate, crenate. pellucid-punctate, the lateralssubsessile and the terminal long-petioled; flowers greenish white, e,sweet scented, in axillary panicles; fruits globose, woody berry withyellowish rind; seeds numerous oblong, compressed, embedded inorange brown sweet gummy pulp.
Parts used: roots, leaves. fruitsProperties and uses: The roots are sweet, astringent, bitter and febrifuge.
They are useful in diarrhoea, dysentery, dyspepsia, stomachalgia,cardiopalmus, vitiated conditions of. vata, seminal weakness,uropathy, vomiting, intermittent fever, swellings and gastricirritability in infants. The leaves are astringent, laxative, febrifugeand expectorant, and are useful in ophthalmia, deafness,inflammations, catarrh, diabetes and asthmatic complaints. Theunripe fruits are bitter, acrid, sour, astringent, digestive andstomachic, and are useful in diarrhoea, dysentery and stomachalgia.The ripe fruits are astringent, sweet, aromatic, cooling, febrifuge,laxative and tonic, and are good for the heart and brain and indyspepsia.
'f*sq {frcrd, TnFwq' *sow qT(, r
gks€rs yfoE,*o{,6f,g, fryqrqryq sl
62
EngHin
Bael tree, Holy fruit treeBel, Sirphal (io, furq-o)
Belapatri (a*e;a$K0walam, KOlakam (a,]qg., o,Jgar")Vilvah, Sivadrumah, Stiphalah (fu@,,
K0vil am, Vilvam (a,ofl6nlb, orflclolrb)Bilvamu, Mdr6du (Oe.riJ::. Jt"td',)
KanMalSanTamTel
ftTEE,,*q-o,)
Aegle marmelos
*f lower
'" 1,6l
/f ruit
63
TrEFf,-O, trqqtil 6€Ffiijl: {rOIES, I
{ror3Eic {qdl rrd, trqt{qfq+: ll" (3r.q.)
[" Vilvastu p[ti pata|r SanQilyah sri phalasca manurah
MuStiphalasca 6alatah 5ailuqah kalkatah 5lyahvasca
Sadaphalah piluphalo hrdyagandhah Salatikah
Sala!udruma ityukto Sabdaih paryayavacakaih" (A'ma.)l
"f+e,vrffiqrotffirrr-t1q{, {rog{-q s,u-e+l q Tr(FSO: llq1d f{€qd ffia ffiftr+t t- (qT.e.)
["Vilval.r SanQilya5ail [9o mallra5rlphalavapiGandhagarbhah 5alatu6ca kantaki ca sadaphalah
Balam vilvaphalam vilvakarkati vilvapesika" (Bha'pra.)l
"*'rcE-drRild qd 5qtJtr{frn-f-( rEr-dra$rdil +edt oWurw qFH: llqrffi 6s-drilT{FEfr ffiRrry tqro fr€sd qrfr *qi crq-i s3: rrqqrdwi ogft{'ti fa-qt eId6sIT6t t.r*i go fr*i q'(sdr lFcrmcl ttffi fqqrr+t egt e-f{crrry-( t- (ql.e.)
[" 6{phalastuvarastikto grahi rukgolgni pittakrt
Vata5leSmaharo balyo laghuruqrlasca pacanah
Grahini kaphavatama5[laghani vilvapesika
Balam vilvaphalar.n grahi dipanar.n pacanar.n ka!u
Kagayognam laghusnigdhar.n tiktar.n vatakaphapaham
Pakvam guru tlidosar.n syad duflaram putimerutam
Vidahi visJambhakaram madhuram vahnimandyakrt" (Bha.pfa.)l
fq€q cgt 6fl, +,qrM 6FlK, I
ffi lrr+1 sq1, ffi6ft465: q;g: tl
I€: Ilrd{iffit q qrmdqn{fto r
ero fu€q?i fu*i W t-ai q {q+( ttqr6s qrirs' fu og rfu e qaq( 1
@ t tre"i E q-o dei qrfr i!{{qEffi( |
k'd q +g frwi q soi q og *r-+1rrqr+* +q-*drq qwr+ eceFqt tl-fi AGi Er6+.t cg{ 1u {qq ttfqqnr+rfr ffiwi qrm +.9 ?lqa( |
5S{ srffii qfqtrag( xfrfqtrct rrtq-€1-d E eg{ trArr€ftTlf3-( te€ T-rd{t qrc6,qk{R iT{F5'111
&
* F;ir E-dtmrrvrfirFr q t" (tr.{.)* rir'.=i, - ao h u ro hrdyah kasayoqno ruci p;'adal]
itsi :'i^axo rukSah pittalastiktakah katuh
1t r =Z:a^'aKarfta ca vAtAtisarajufiha?;-z- , vaphalam snigdham guru rucyam ca dipanam
l'anakam pacakar.n tiktam laghu cognam ca tuvaram
Su I amavatag rahanikaphatisaranasanar.nTarunam tu phalar.n vailvar.n grahl tuvaramamlakamSnigdhar.n ca kalu tiksnar.n ca usnam ca laghu dlpanam
Pacakam kaphavayvosca nasakam hfdayapnyamPakvam vailvar.n dahakaram madhuram guru tuvaram
Vislambhakari ti ktosnar.n g rah kary katu doSa! am
Du;'jaram vatalam cagnimandyakrt rsibhirmatam
Vilvamr.rlam tu madhuram tridosacchaldisulanutLaghu k;'cchlaharam vatakaphapittasya nadakar.n
Paqani grahakAni syurvatanasakarani ca" (Ni.ra.)l
fr-€{o fui sffiq qg< og tidfl"ut g v.o eto ftT'd riTIR E1q-+{ rr
{4ffi freli qlil+-wrr6( tffi dqed cg{rj{{i W rlffi tqe-nr+i dq-aq 1Fcqroq tq fr I[" Vi lvam u lar.n tridosag h nam cha!'d i ghnam madhura6 laghuVisalya tu phalar.n bAlam snigdham sangrahi dipanamKatuti ktakagayoqnam tiksnap vatakaphapahamVidyattadeva sampakvam madhuranurasam guruVidahi vistambhakaram dosahft putimarutar.n" (Dha.ni.)l
id-€-€q qgit 6s' +.qrq, trflfu( I€, t+q-q{frgRd €ffifiqq, q1, 11fr€{o ffiqEi qgt og sril{E Ivei q +}l7i fu'*i W *16 {q41ttntq qni Ri qgt vr+i Io t
riqrfr q Rsitl-( r" ({r.fr.)
["Vilvastu madhuro hrdyah kagyah pittajid guruhKaphajvaratisaraghnl rucikrddlpanah parahVilvamulam tridosaghnam madhuram laghu vatanutPhalam tu komalam snigdha1n guru sarngrahi dTpanamTadeva pakvam vijfreyam madhurar.n sarasam guruKat uti ktakasayoqnam sanrgrahi ca tridosat it " (Ra. ni.)l
"{o-€-ffiqoqoG-s ura, {o-orq qrafua+,
{o-drrlaFrdR, {5 q{rj q16ffi q6q,1"
[MIlatvakpatfabalaphaladikan grahyam, m0lakasjam grahyamityeke,
65
mrilatvaggrahyamityapare, mulam samagram grahyamiti bahavah")
"a,)qgdo'lcm;oscorc1c8 ocruo d,dl'Joldoorcr;a,onojco)Lol(mocno;"demo rOdg'laer;o;roulo"gqeflg;" (.rojc(rua,ccu66Bsa a,9ja0)cocoroolcn;. oJ6rDo." (ol.or.)
[" Krlwal attinnu!everin rasam kaccucavarttatuKaphavataplasamanamuglar.n chaydd i kku m uttamamlkkilum svasakasannalkgayarogattinum gunam". (Gu.pa.)l
Remarks : It is worth mentioning here that it is the pulp of the tender bael fruitthat is to be used wherever the terms balavilvary, vilvakarkati vilvapeiika,vilvamaddhyam, vilvamajja and vilvaialatl are mentioned in theformulations.
66
Coll. No. AVS 1062
Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss. ex SchultesAmaranthace ae (ausfrq -E-da
Distribution : Throughout India' in waste landsThe plant : An erect or prostrate, many branched undershrub, 30 - 60 cm
in height, woolly, tomentose throughout; leaves simple, alternate,
short-petioled, densely tomentose. usually smaller in the flowering
branches; flowers very small, sessile, bisexual, greenish or hoary-
white, often clustered in spikes, perianth calycine membranous, five
free, filaments of the five stamens connate at the base with
alternating linear staminodes; fruits greenish, roundish, compressed
utricle; seeds kidney shaped with shining black, coriaceous testa.
Parts used : whole Plantproperties and uses : The plant is astringent, bitter, cooling, emollient,
vermifuge, suppurative, diuretic and lithontriptic. It is useful to treat
boils, cephalalgia, cough, strangury and lithiasis'
"r< rrtrwrrq<r a €ngd q qk{,l r" (Fl.)
['Bhadra gorakSagafria ca 6vetapuspl ca bhadrika" (Sva')]
r<firwfr lfur q<r fqsa€Fwq r" (e.fr.)f'Raktapittahari Sita bhadra krcchlap;'amehajit" (Hr.pri.)l
"tinvtrgt g+a nt6<tud q Aq{n q{gwrff |6fficirfrqrytrrdtlqsqfi-{Rrn FIq l- (q.1.fr.)
f Goiakgganja tuvara satikta
HinKan
Mal
Chaya, G6rakhgafr je (d-qT, trrurn-sqr)Bilihindis6ppu (a9boad.rxq)
Cerula, Ceruv0la, CeruP[la(orlolg, orlolol]g' o'lolollg)
Bhadra (r[(T)
C eru p r.r I ai ( Gt+CILr+cnen )
Pindicettu (3oelup)
San
Tam
Tel
67
Aerva lanata
68
laghvi ca tikgna paramusnavirya
KaphapittahmmutravirecaniyaprabhavatojpyasmarinaSani syat,, (Dra. gu.vi.)l
Remarks: Both ' Indian Medicinal plants' and Nadkarni 's 'Materia Medica, give
the Sanskrit name aimabheda to Aerva lanata. But in Kerala a{mabheda isidentified as Rotula aquatica (kailirvanci) and bhadra and bhaclrika asAerva lanata. The practice of using this by some as one of the drugs ofbyhatldvayam(solanum indicum and, s. surattense) should not be encourasedpending further investigations.
69
Coll. No. AVS 2449
Agaricus campestris Linn. ex Fries(Psalliota campestris (Linn.) Fr.)
A garicace ae (s;ttn{o{)
Distribution : Throughout India, on dead organic matterThe plant : The fungus appears as buttons on the surface of the ground
when young; when mature it has underground rhizomorphs, acylindrical aerial stipe bearing an annulus and an umbrella-shapedfleshy pileus. On the undersurface of the pileus, there are many
radiating plate-l ike gil ls.Parts used : whole plant.Properties and uses : The fungus is sweet, cooling, indigestible, laxative,
aphrodisiac and tonic. It is useful in ophthalmopathy, nasitis,hydrocele, paralysis, hepatodynia, constipation, seminal weakness
and general debil ity.
"sfii ddqli {116 Tk€=i ffi+r+'( |
m|ipffiS gwftg a il('r+( 1" (q1.c.)
[" Uktam sansvedajar.n 5akam bh[m icchan narp Silind hlakar.n
KsitigomayakaSthequ vrksadigu ca tad bhavet" (Bha.pfa.)l
"q+6i Tfir+-<i 1firwta{a u*+, rqt;<, $rffia, firrd+i w++ qq rr' (d.fr.)["salpacchatram bh0mikando bhumisphota:ica chatrakah
Bhukandah prthivisphotah riiilndhfam kavakam smdarn" (Kai.ni.)l
"*g {frcw {frdl, E}qail frfuors-q i r
@t tS61, qqp5ffi1-qwvrr*, r
70
EngHinMalSanTamTel
Mushroom, Common mushroomKumbi, Kumi, Sampakichatri (td, tffi, vrqffi)KOn 1a3enE)Chatrakah, BhUchatra (B;FF,, TSTI)Naikkutai (pnurrigcsu)
Kukkagodugu (ss6x-*oru)
Agaricus campestr is
gs"*;?"-J-"';T*
'f"t
fajte 5 I
v.s. of fruit bod,;
,ffi'
qrfd-dr*,trR g, Nrfr ffidT n" (cr.e.)f'Safve sarirsvedajah Sitah dosalah picchilasca teGuravaschardyatisarajvarasl esmamayapradahSvetah 5u bhrasthalikasJhavansagovpjasarirbhavahNatidosakaraste syuh Segastebhyo vigarhitah,, (Bha. pra.)l
"Ts-<i qgn qEfr E-id seil H 15, r5-dt ic-+r AS MJicFiu-a, rrg<q gq{ v* +g ee-qgfrv-q rsffiq qqlqlqlq'aqkrq, 11
Tdq: dcRs-{q v+iqqdtrcT: I$sT-ffi{ g rdirvffiq rr{t cr+ u eg{ Tssr furs:ro11dd go ffi g r*i wrq€a.rdq-( lr" (+.fr.)f'Bhukando madhuro vrsyo balyo rukso himo gururrDularo bhedano mrtsno rocanojtitridosalahKsudrajam tuvaram pake katu tadvat puriEajamSarpachatrakavafl yastu bahvyonyaschatrajatayahGuryyah pinasakatryastu sarvadosaprakopanahKaphakrcchitaviryam tu sarvadosavivarddhanamRase pake ca madhuram gur0snar.n krsnachatrakamSvetanr gurum vipake tu raktam syat svalpadogakrt,, (Kai.ni.)l
"Tryi {fdai +eri Io t* trRisk( r" (c.cr.fi.)f ' Bh ucchatrar.n sital am balyam guru bhed i tridosai it', (Ma. pa. ni.)l
"Vfl-a qeqr gM l€*q.qi{t cg: IF'Mrfr qE1 5l5-q1 s rrdr Ei, rlfrqp:1q' {{f@ffi: *-il rws-q !tr$, t
TFn {d s q+ s cgiqr !5: €fdr tldn g ctsrs.ro e {-d wrc.rnrcr t' (fr.{.)['Sita balya sune5ani gururlchedakara madhuhTridogakarini vrsya kaphada ca mata budhaihBhedastrayah samakhyatah kpno rakta6ca pandurafr
[Rna rase ca pake ca madhurosna guruh smrtaSveta tu pakakale ca gurvi raktalpadoSada', (Ni.ra.)l
I J
Coll. No. AVS 2269
Ageratum cony zoides Linn.
A st e race ae ( T-g-'rRTc -1oQ
EngHinKanMalSanTam
Goat weed, Appa tVisad6di (ffi)
Nayitulasi (a-oolu3:s;
Kattappa, Appa, N
Visamusjih (tsqfi
P0mpullu (gLbqoi;
Appa grass
uddD${:,)
\ppa, Muriyan pacca (ec5g' ctog' alo1cornO ^rd)
1fuv5fu,)+Lbqubg)
Distribution : Throughout Indra. in plains and hil ls and in forests as
undergrowthThe plants : A softly hairy annual weed upto 90 cm in height; leaves
opposite or the upper ones alternate, more or less hairy on both
sides, margins cil iate; f lowers pale in heads, pappus of 5-scales,
dilated at the base almost equall ing the corolla; fruits achenes, black
in colour, 5-angled and attenuated at the base'
Parts used : roots. IeavesProperties and uses : The roots are bitter, acrid' thermogenic' digestive,
lithontriptic, appetiser and ophthalmic. They are useful in vitiated
conditions of kapha and vdta, dyspepsia, anorexia, purulent
ophthalmia. renal and vesical calculi and pharyngopathy. The leaves
are styptic and antidysenteric, and are commonly used for
haemorrhoids, wounds and sores. A poultice of the leaves is good for
boils and the juice is used as a lotion for eyes. The tribals make use
of the iuice for treating fresh cuts and wounds.
"frq5fu, +{rtfu, ggfutEgfu+, tgqdrkgqrgd qfu' q*qfqq qf,, tt" (rr.fr.)
["Visamuslih keSamugti h sumust i ranum usJi kah
Ksupadodisamayuktci muStih pancabhidhah smrtah" (Ra.ni') l
'frq5fu, q"3ftd-d frq{' *.s-{rfr6( trat r*fiffiffislrfi l" (n.tr.)
1 A
nyzoides
H#Ageratum co
Winf lorescence
75
I
["ViSamusjih katustikto dipanah kaphavatahrt rK'anthamayaharo rucy6 raktapittArttidahakrt" (Ra.ni.)l il
"a,cggon1<nmjmtlrm;" mrm; agtiaqcu(d)coo(0o." (<nl.dc.) t
[" Kallappayari5assinnum nannu durddevataharar.n " (Gu. pa.)l
Remarks : In treatises like 'Sahaslayogu(n', kattappa(Ageratum conyzoides) is theMalayalam name given for vi;amusti. In many'Materia Medicas', vi;amu;1iis interpreted as kdfikirarT (Strychnos nux-vomica). But, being highlypoisonous, it is not advisable to use this plant as an ingredient of
Surasadigana and Silarighrtarn. Anyhow, in Kerala A. conyzoide.r is used as
visamusti.
76
Coll. No. AVS 1964
Alangium salvifulium (Linn. f.) Wang.Al an giace ae ( erQqilO -SOIQ
EngHinKanMal
SanTamTel
Sage-leaved alangiumAngol, Dhera, Dhela (3rq+to, e{r, eor)An kdlamara (uod,ue;eoo)Ankolam, Velittondi, Al innil( Groco, celo, cojelloom c erre'I, <aro elaorrrloE )Ankolaf , Ankodah ( }I{.thtO:, erqt'1g, IAlangi (gl16unrlGl)Ankolamu, 0dugucettu (erofersr:. Aidtui?)
Distribution : In the forests of south IndiaThe plant : A small deciduous free or shrub, armed or notl leaves
alternate. usually unequal at the base; f lowers white or yellowish-white. fragrant, in axil lary fascicles: fruits 1-2 seeded berries crownedby the calyx lobes, yellowish or red when ripe.
Parts used: roots. fruitsProperties and uses: The roots are acrid, astringent, emollient,
anthelmintic, thermogenic, diuretic and purgative. Root bark is anantidote for several poisons. The roots are useful for externa,application in acute case of rheumatism, leprosy and inflammationand for external and internal application in case of bites of rabiddogs. Fruits are sweet, cooling and purgative, and are useful intreating burning sensation and haemorrhages.
ei-qfro: +MI H tffir flffio+, rffiIffis-(ffi qRl (3r.c.)
["Ankolah kolako reci reciko dirghakilakahPitasarastamraphalo vigalit secano bhavet" (A.ma.)l
"sf,qsto: drdir H r1*-ir Fr+le*, rfR+€t ffi {d zlarfuor rr
ilI qid-ffil lqqzrd6: Idro, d6q6d{-q rr-qgqrq ftq1, ls
ffiorrf{q qMlw qa, r" ({r.fr.)
["Ankolah kotharo reci gudhapatro nikocakahGuptasneho pTtasaro madano gudhamallikaPitastamraphato I neyo dTrghakalo g unadhyakah
77
Alangium salvifolium
qfruit
78
Kolah kolambakarnasca gandhapuspasca rocanahVijfr anatailagarlcha6ca smrtisamkhyabhidha smrtal.r,' (Ra.ni.)l
srq+1ss, 63deq: ftp$wpqqt og, Ifqa, SfoqsrrgM+vrver rr
@ra-sd {irildi HrS q7;ffi grui 5s rrded frtqi qnFrt-fl€elqTsfc-( r
["Ankodakah katustiksnah snigdhosnastuvaro laghuhRecanah krmisulamasophagrahavisapahaVisarpakaphapittasramusi kahivisapahaTatphalam sitalam svadul',r Slesmaghnam brmhanam guruBalyam virecanam vatapittadahaksayasrajit" (Bha.pra.)l
"erq+to: fuiffipfrw1, qg+1 qrc{r{H, I
5;-qrrqEs 6ft q5qtrfuvrv-r, rrW€:(iqril(+q 6uEqr qils 1irr{, t' (q.fr.)["Ankolah snigdhatiksnosnah katuko vatanasananKukkurakhuvisam hanti grahajantuvisapahahBhutahrt visahrt caiva kanthya sutasya sodhanah,' (Dha.ni.)l
1r;ffi{ srq+iffiTk( r" (s.{.)
[" Slesmalam guruvist ambhi cankodaphalamagnijit,, (Ca.sam.)]
qr qrrt*q 5fu-a, Icndqr+{fir, q-qtqhq{r{n, l (3{.F.)
["Ankolamulakalko va bastamatrena kalkitahPanalepanayoryuktah sarvakhuvisanAsanah" (A.hr.)l
3dqfro: 6gq, furS fuv-qlrfcirq-gq r+'mlfr66' q-dqfE<-fitdfrq-+, l ({.F.)
["Ankolah kat ukah snigdho visalutadidosanutKaphanilaharah sr-ltasuddhikrt recaniyakah" (Ra.ni.)l
{d qrfuo.t{qriq ffiqq-qtq6, t
@ r ltqrfrqffi, ,qFTrqfSq;WH, I3idGq+-ffidmi q wrtq tlf$ra{-swr+it *i qrs ! {fl-d-d{ |qrdqft4-sr R6 qrtr{qr€ffi'{ T6 tl{n cr+ a egi qsgqo.s-{-(vq Ifu.i E"i s Er€d qraftqrqrqt{ rr.tred n+ ftii ffi +E ilTra-( | (fr.{.)
['Raso vantikarascasya visadosakaphapahahVata60la6ophakrmigrapldamapittaha
9
Raktadosavisaroaghnah svanakhuvisanaSanah
l: : -, saxatisr.rlamatisaram ca na5ayet= -capidadamano bijar.n casya tu siltalamlratuvrddhikaram svadu cagnimandyakaram guruRase pake tu madhuram balakrtkaphakrtsaramSnigdham vrcyam ca dahaghnam vatapittaksayapahamRaktadosam kapham pittam visarpam caiva nasayet,, (Ni.ra.)l
80
8.S.1 (5.C.) 40772
Albizia lebbeck (Linn.) Benth.Mimosaceae (qF-E@{)
Distribution : Throughout India, in moist, teak-bearing forests, alsocultivated
The plant: A medium to large sized unarmed deciduous tree about 20 min height with an umbrella-shaped crown and grey to dark brownrough irregularly cracked bark; leaves abruptly bipinnate, mainrachis with alarge gland above the base and one below the upper-most pair of pinnae, pinnae 2 - 4 pairs, leaflets ,5 - 9 pairs with glandsbetween their bases, the lateral ones elliptic-oblong, the two terminalovate-oblong, all unequal sided; flowers white, fragrant, in globoseumbellate heads; fruits long, characteristic pods, bluntly pointed,thin, pale yellow, smooth, shiny, reticulately veined above the seed;seeds 4 - 12, pale brown. ellipsoid, oblong, compressed.
Parts used : bark, flowers, seeds
Properties and uses : The bark is astringent, bitter, acrid, sweet, mildlythermogenic, expectorant, aphrodisiac. anti-inflammatory anodyne,cephalic, ophthalmic, depurative, restorative and tonic. It is useful invitiated conditions of. pitta and kapha, cough and catarrh, asthma,enlarged cervical glands, ophthalmopathy, nyctalopia, strengtheninggums, scrofula, skin eruptions, leprosy, leucoderma, sprains, wounds,ulcers, neuralgia, inflammations, erysipelas, diarrhoea and all typesof poisoning. It is also used as a dentifrice in odontopathy. Theflowers are useful in chronic cough and bronchitis. The seeds areuseful in inflammations. scrofula, skin diseases, leprosy, leucoderma,chronic catarrh, seminal weakness, ophthalmopathy and poisoning.
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Siris treeSiri., siri. (mg, fufrq)B6gemara (?,ftrldrd)Nenmen ivaka, Vaka lornccocnlooa,,dirig"n,.Bn"noi (ffiq,, qu-S)Vakai, Siridar.n (orncos, OrfgLb)Dirisana (EoK)J)
OICAr)
81
Albizia lebbeck
82
"ftffi qggwsa grgd qm&-n, rq,Si roorqSevq qggtn fqqlq€, tt (q.F.)
[" Si r'iso madhupuspa5ca vrttapuspo su kapriyahBhandi sukabhapuspa6ca caksupuspo visapahah" (Ma.ni.)l
"ffiq, fs6gqgq rfisqit ISIEq?F: I
{-+d sfrgql-s fuscar {gqs tls((r4s: {s-ffiidr dq{EwF: I+4-aq, sfirqrfq {lp[g: gq@wo, ttqgsqeqr qq1w, qqEvtr{.rq, t" ({.fr.)
['Sirisah sitapugpadca bhandiko mldupugpakahSukeEto barhipuspa6ca visahanta supugpakahUddanakah 5ukatarurjneyo loma6apuspakahKapitanah kalinga5ca 6yamalah 6ankhiniphalahMadhupugpastatha vrttapuspah saptadasahvayah" (Ra.ni.)l
ffirrq,t{ffiqT ffiT tsrn il qgt {q' tt" (c.fr.)
[" Kaphapittahara6caiva visavranavisodhanahSitaviryo visarpaghno sirigo madhuro rasah" (Ma.ni.)l
'ftrfr* qgftJ1wfutrrq T+t og' r
ffi, ;61qqvJfuqq5, tt" (r{I.Y.)
["Siriso madhurojnusnastikta6ca tuvaro laghuhDosa6osavisarpaghnah kasavranavisapahah" (Bha.pfa.)l
"ftrffiBqaffitog r
ffiq, tso.qrawtieqpF5pr6l I | (q.fr . )["Ti ktosno visaha varnyastridosa6amano laghu hSirlsah kust hakandughnastvagdosa5vasakasaha" (Dha.ni.)l
'ffiq\ 696, {ffi fuq-qm6{, q{, t
IT|c'qR56+Tq i frq;q-6, r" ({I.fr.)
["Siriso katukah 5ito visavatanarah parahPamasrkkusthakandutitvagdoganam vinasakah" (Ra.ni.)l
"tsrfrm q$fu*l: €frTrEqiI oE' Iffi drffiqq-*uq ir" (*.fr.;
[" Si riso,.nad h u roJnugnah sati ktastuvaro lag h unN i hantl dogavisalpasophak-savi gavranan " (Kai. ni.)l
'Rrtqii@r(rn.tr.)
["Sirisolrsovisasvedatvagrukcchophavisarpanut" (Sa.ni.)]
83
"ffii issqn" (s.{i.q.r\)["Sirlso visaghnanam " (Ca.sam.Su.25.)]
"..........ocDc(D(rfloioriaerlg g ol Jdogloaeloo'locn nflaocuiaergo oL1"sl^pjcno c<g"doo.r6alcno" (o;.o_rc.)
[ " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nenmeniy iva l kkul I a prJkkal umMalattine nirodhikkum visaghanam 6lesmavarddhanam " (Gu.pa.)l
Remarks: 'The Pharmacognosy of Ayurvedic Drugs'. a Kerala universitypublication, identifies this plant as Albizia marginata Merr. and says that thisidentification is based upon the fact that this plant is seen growing in plentyin south Kerala and being used as nenmenivaka by the Ayurvedicpractit ioners. But most other Indian publications including'The AyurvedicFormulary of India' identif ies this as A. lebbeck. This species also isabundantly available throughout Kerala. Hence, it seems that A.lebbeck ismore appropriate to be used as i irt;ary.
84
Albizia odoratissima (Linn.f.) Benth.Mimosaceae ({go-tEt)
EngHinKanMal
SanTamTel
Black sir is, SIT IS
ffiel^"1" ";ris
(tFToI
Bilvira (Aeldrc)
Pulivaka, Nellivaka, Karivaka, Kunnivaka
(.ilgilolca,, ocnglotca,, a,o'lopa,, alcrnlolca,)
Bhusirisah 11ffiv,)Karuvakai, Sitti lavakai (sqgoroo's, Opb$leuorrcos)Cinduga, Sirisi, Telsu ()oeox. ,303, der.)
Distribution : Throughout India. in areas upto an elevation of 1.5(X) mThe plant: A medium sized unarmed tree about 20 m in height with dark
coloured young shoots and grey, rough, irregularly cracked bark with
dark patchesl leaves abruptly pinnate, alternate, main rachis with agland on the upper side near its basal part and often with similarglands at the bases of the first two pairs of pinnae, leaflets unequalsided, rounded, or semicordate at base, obtuse or rounded at theapex. dark green, slightly pubescent above; f lowers white, fragrant,sessile, numerous, in small globose 5-10 or more flowered heads, incorymbiform spreading panicles; fruits shortly stalked pods, brown,slightly reticulately veined; seeds flat, yellow.
Parts used : barkProperties and uses : The bark is astringent, acrid, cooling, depurative and
expectorant, and is useful in ulcers, leprosy, skin diseases, erysipelas,cough, bronchitis, diabetes and burning sensation.
"Esr E TF{rfrq, ffiqtf1 tatfqtfr, €tfi-oT I
ro{d Sc<frs, offiTJir5-+dr tqr rr" (er.q.)t"Sfuga tu bn[sirlsan sirisafo dhvamksikah saphalaTarud h 0 mo cJ u radari kah Xaniya6irsoltid r.rrbal a i neya " (A. m a. )l
"q-sftf,€{, vfra, fuq.$4mtt{, t
TRr0m ffi, {ffi;ui q c{rwi u' (€.)
[" Kaphapittaharah sitah visavranavi5odhanahBhu6iri9o visaroaghnah naktandhye ca pra5asyate" (Sva.)l
85
Albizia odoratissima
cluster of flowers
ffi"Y
oortion of bark
86
"cnlencarom.ro a,cf)"1; r{hrDo ofl.sicDcuocDo
.-rlocmcaoc"doorofl a;erraca,;. crg.daoorirr 6 gaolo lBl(Do. " (ol.oJc. )["Nilavakarasam kaypu dipanam visana5anamPinnekkost hatti lunt akum 6lesmatte kalayum drutam " (Gu.pa.)j
87
Coll. No. AVS 2407
Allium cepa Linn.Liliaceae (r$aSoq)
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
OnionPyaj (ww)
Nirul!i(led.>€,)Cuvannul l i , CeriYa
Palanduh lqqu-g')
(;lormgggl, olerlcor gggil)
Venkayam, Trul I i (Gouralsnullb' rrqSonoifl)
Ullipaya, Ulligadda, Erragadda (*glcb. ag,\r )g:fr, i,) i- t ' _ _
Distribution : Cultivated throughout India
The plant : A biennial or perennial herb with aromatic fleshy underground
bulb; leaves l inear hollow, cylindric and fleshy; f lowers many, white
in globular umbels, spathe composed of 2-3 reflexed walls'
Thi underground bulbs which are medicinally used vary in size'
colour, shape, firmness, strength of f lavour and keeping quality'
Parts used : bulbsProperties and uses : The bulbs are acrid. sweet. aromatic, thermogenic.
antiperiodic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac' emmenagogue, emollient'
expectorant, carminative, stomachic, diuretic. anodyne and tonic.
They are useful in haemorrhoids. dysentery. f latulence. dyspepsia,
colic, jaundice, splenopathy. hepatopathy, pneumonopathy, asthma'
bronchitis, ophthalmia, vomiting, otalgia. pharyngodynia, malarial
fever. lumbago, epilepsy. tumours, wounds, paralysis. arthralgia,
leucoderma and skin diseases.
"s-fdn o$ Tfi: ToIU-g{s qop-s'Fr I
ep"il F+il Sdffi, qffifta, tt' (3{.c.)
[" Catu.rttho la6uno raktah palarldtrsca palandu kah
Vara;ro d urdano durdurnatarkah pari kirttitah" (A' ma')l
"qolu-g,deqs-<fq s-{d q g{c5sut: I
{FF-q, Tfurq ffit {urr*rm' tt
EEir F'ol--rn iqit €(sf,s, r" (r.tr.)
88
Al l ium cepa tP t . * 6 l
:
tu. s'v .s . o f bu lb
c lus te r o f bu lbs
["Pala4duh tiksnakandasca ul l i ca mukhadusanahSrJdrapriyah krmighnasca dlpano mukhagandhakahBahupatro visvagandho rocano rudrasanlriakah" (Ra.ni.)]
1ofrftit rfi-++rssir gd, rs6, q-$ {ft;i1w1, 55gff6fqtrod 11€{i +{d qrd e-6+ffii IF, I (qT.e.)
["Palandustu gunairjfreyo rasonasadr5o budhaihSvaduh pake rasenosnah kaphakrnnatipittalahHarate kevalam vatam balaviryakaro guruh" (Bha.pra.)l
.'{d;qaii qrcaqfq.c-drosC q fw-U( r3Tr6Rdr'fr sEqrs To-+$iq tfi, r" (s.Ti.{. r\r)
f 'Slesmalo marutaghnasca palandurna ca pittahrl
Aharayogi balya6ca gururvrsyoltha rocanah" (Ca.sam. Su.27)l
qrqeffimjirdor s-grs
fre{il Wcifr+-q-le-6rq rqor+t, ffilq ffiard"E{ft{ qft-qtft 11furril €fuq' RnErg-orfre-irnjrr Aqr+q-gfuffq r" tq.w.a xey[' Natyusnaviryolnilaha kat uscatiksno gururnatikaphavahascaBalavahah pittakarojtha kincitpalanduragnim parivardhayettuSnigdho rucisyah sthiradhatukaribalyoltha medhakaphapust idasca " (Su.sam.Su.46)l
"fti qoru-n{q, q-qgq+Hefwq r" (fr.{.)[" Bijar.n palandorvrsyah syaddantakltapramehaj it (N i. ra.)]
"qorlERqf{jt ffi qglg e, r6s o.ifr n ftii +q-djt{dqr{H{ l" (q.fr.)['PalandustadgunairnyIno vipake madhurastu sahKapham karoti no pittam kevalojnilana5anam" (Dha.ni.)l
"qoF-g: 69$ qEq, +uFm5t 1o, rqqgq frqa, fu'tit qA dqid{rw: l" ({r.fr.)["Palanduh katuko balya|r kaphapittaharo guruhVlgyasca rocanah snigdho vantidosavina6anah" (Ra.ni.)l
wddr {[o5-s& t" (€r.q)
[Palandurvatakaphaha SuklalA sulagulmanut' (Ha.sam.)] 9l
, vdqdt nfrfqfra: I' ffi+ofl{H, rr ($.fr.)
[" Palandustadgur.rairnyunah 5!esmalo natipittalahSvadupakarasoJnusnah kevalanilanasanal.r' (Kai.ni.)l
92
Coll. No. AVS 2408
Allium sativum Linn.Liliaceae 1qfi-4-5*1
Distribution : Cultivated throughout IndiaThe plant : A scapigerous foetid perennial herb with underground
compound bulbs covered over by outer white thin scales and withsimple, smooth, round stem. surrounded at the bottom by tubularleaf sheath; leaves simple, long, f lat, l ineart f lowers small, white inrounded umbels mixed with small bulbils, the entire umbel enclosedin a teardrop-shaped membranous spathe, f lowers usually steri le.
Parts used : bulbsProperties and uses : The bulbs are acrid, bitter, sweet, astringent, salty,
thermogenic, aperient, anodyne, oleagenous; aphrodisiac,anthelmintic, expectorant, febrifuge, diuretic, alexeteric,emmenagogue, rubefacient, stimulant, anticholesterol, antibacterial,antifungal and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha
and vata, cough, whooping cough, bronchitis, asthma, fever, facialparalysis, f latulence, colic. constipation, atonic dyspepsia,helminthiasis, duodenal ulcers, pulmonary and laryngealtuberculosis, ophthalmopathy, cardiopathy, fatigue, leucoderma,leprosy, hysteria, haemorrhoids, sciatica, otalgia, lumbago, swell ings,splenopathy, hepatopathy. pneumonopathy, arthralgia and dentalcaries.
"{r@+q Wrd cfd-dr rrdr( |
3T[d{q +'un qfi t retrerrrrm' rrtrqr {rr<R i:r<ir kssg{Id( r{RlrqTsETtUiCfu: q {€TqTt il" (3T.€.3. i3)
Eng : GarlicHin : Lasun, Lahasun (o{q, 6d-gT)
Kan : Bellulli (a3*1*J
Mal : Vel lul l i (oorgglegl)San : Lasunah, Rasonah (oqa,, ttl+,)
Tam : Vellaipuntu (Gor,iv6narLl $6rrT0)Tel : Vellulli, Tellagadda (J?9, 3gr*)
93
Allium sativum
v .s . o f bu lb
dlne bulblet
t .s. of bulb
94
[ 'Rahoramrtcauryena lunadye patita galat
Amrtasya kani bhumau te rasonatvamagat-n
Dviia nadnanti tamatd daityadehasamudbhavamSakEadamftasambhutergramanih sa rasayanam " (A.hr'U.39.)l
"qrnqd ffi q*R Wqncq I
r<r a-frJv-cqf{<, s rtrrjqeq 5fu rr- (w.e.)["Yathamrtam vainateyo jahara surasattamatTada tatojpatadbinduh sa rasonojbhavat bhuvi" (Bha.pra.)l
"q-qsiqrq {dt&Fd tMc qffia, t
d{qKdH E?Tr,il <-qrurr {s'r+Rfq il" (qT.s.)
[ 'Pancabhisca rasai.ryukto rasenamlena varjitahTasmadras6na ityukto dravyanam gunav6dibhih (Bha.pra.)l
d{Tq nfiq qr5qrr+n qdrqq{ r3TFlq} d@fiwq qqNl r+ilTs, l" (grt.c.)
["Lasunastu rasonah syadugragandho mahausadhamAristo mlecchakanda5ca yavanesto rasonakah" (Bha.pra.)]
s-3ld1-drfr {$5 if{d, q}5 qRrd, Iqrd 6qrq s{ffi qrdrq d{ot, qfr, tt
fri q qg{, ffil wwq3sr+Rl,{, 1
{tr1 q6uil qq, fta-rq)rut, tlE[[: 11{: ll
{i cr+ a rg+-+fiwit rgrziT +a, t
d-64drdil itTrkn ffi 1srq{, 11
rm*ccgnntoh-q;trgrqroffiqrt r
Fic-{B|-i-osTsq{qftqqrusn.rrs eR rr ('11.c.)
I Katukadcapi mulesu tiktah patresu samsthitahttate t<asaya uddisto n-t-gre lavanah smrtahBil6 tu madhurah prokto rasastadgunaveOiOnifrRasono bphano vrsyah snigdhoslah pacanah sarahRase pake ca katukastisno madhurako matahBalavarnakaro meOnanito net.ryo rasayanahHrd rogajlrnajvaraku ksi 6u I avi bandhagulmarucikasa6ophanDurnamakust hanalasadajantusamiranadvasakapham6ca hanti " (Bha.pra.)l
"ogn Tfldq{ilq, gg{lifi-{g: {R:
6s, +{lt 1o.{e, Pt'q ffiq{, 11qri€;';I|rfq aEzil a6fr-q55qq, I
95
@ r lqtdqrqt{qqnffiRlR eR tstc+t l" (3i.E.q.s)
[' Lasuno bhr6atiksnosnah katupakarasafr saral;l
Hfdyah ke6yo gururvrsyah sn i gd ho rocanadipanah
Bhagnasandhanakrt balyo raktapittapraduCanah
Ki lasakusl hagu lmarsomehakrm ikaphan i lan
Sahidhmapinasasvasakasan hanti rasayanam " (A'hr.Su.6)l
"fuitfwffiqq, rufrt€-dl-q
{6'lfi: FIl$I${a 4?zl, t
gwga tvrwc+Ura5-
fr+Rrr+n++t {qt{, l
frq+rgeqffiqq r
Sqiq-{BT1e€r(c-{-qfrrqqrcq'q-rrq 66 11- 1g.i.ve)
[ " Sn igd hosnatiksnal;r kat u picchila5ca
guruh sarah svadurasasca balYahV.rsya6ca medhasvaravarnacaksur-bhagnasthisandhanakaro rasonah
Hrd rogalirnajvaraku ksi6u la-
vibandhagulmarucikasasoqanDurnamakust hanalasadajantu-samiranasvasakapham6ca hanti" (Su.Su.46)l
qrddt laqql{r{, I
fr+rrrvdrrsrw qq{q o{q: +g+1 1o,rr- (q.q.l\r)
[ ' Krmikust hakilasaghno vataghno gulmana5anah
Snigdhascosna6ca vrsya6ca la5unah katuko guruh (Ca.Su'27)l
@rgd ar ffi qrdr q rai o{rr(qq rr" (3t.E.s.is)
[" Pittaraktavi nirmuktasamastavaranaJJvrteSuddhe va vidyate vayau na dravyar.n la6unat param" (A.hr.U.39)l
1fr4 3w1, *3frfro-or-qfu'dl To, eqrirjtce-€q, Iqq[q nqrs€oiqg-li'qfftN"tTli-6t: TlfiQnl: tt (S.fr .)
["Rasona ugnah ka!upicchila6casnigdho guruh svadurasojtibatyanVrsya6ca med hasvaravaPacaksu r-
bhagnasthisandhankarah sutikg4ah" (Dha.ni.)l
96
"{frot-ioroc $e, q€-+1fr m'frc.M:qmJfr eFdrd, {fl sT ffioqT r' (3r.€.s.?3)
I Silayellasunam slte. vasantejpi kapholbanahGhanodayejpi vatartah, sadA va grismalllayA" (A.hr.U'39)l
"rOrirjsrOr c sK IF*I: +.s-dr-rfl I
3tt.|;irtfr€N$q{q {srfi, r- ({.fr.)
["Rasonolmlaraso na syat gur[g4ah kaphavatanutArucikrmihrdrogasophaghnasca rasayanah (Ra.ni.)l
'rdn, sdFi vvrfr To-+ter+l wit gw'fu'd
1r;r*-*mwia rqts 6re Tic sjqfr q fiq, TFtl,gffi,gqqqg-er f;m6ffifn, I 9:1r| {=qrn 5fut -
Tdfrn l-{d qc<rfqur$ qqqfr q {oe{l-rn, l' (Tn.fr.)
["Rasonah saryanrgam prasarati marunnasakarah saro vrsyah
snigdho gururarucikAsajvaraharah. Kaphar.n kasam gulmam ksayati
ca kesyah krmiharah p;'ameharsahkusthasvayathuhara uktastva-sisirah. Prabhagne sandhAno rudhirayutapittam plakurute jvara-
vyadhidhvamsi pacayati ca s0laprasamanah (Sa.ni')l
dq'r: Hrrqly: +-"EA qdt f€, rR: I{Edfril5qq, il'({I.s.)
I Lasunah ksaramadhurah ka4Qhyo vrsyo guruh sarah
Bhagnasandhanakrdbalyo raktapittaprad[ganah" (Ra.va.)]
uU{: i6-gcn: cr+ {n ft+ttit Io, st, t
frq-lit*il qgt qd 6dt "i6qqt"-{, 11
fimrq-q-oiqfffi-ffi1-5d rqqrs;utrf-( e<r( qq-qnro@1 rr
|em.rorsq<qwgqi-ercfl-+sr1 t
fbrwif5ic€enrloriqq {srq-q r r" (*.fr .)["Lasunah katukah pAke rase snigdho gurull sarah
Tiksnogno madhuro vrsyo hrdyo brmhanapacanah
Pittas!'abalamed haksiva;'r.rake5asvarag n i krt
Bhagnasandhanakrd hanyat kaphavAtarucikrmin
H i kkakasajvaraSvasakust hamehAmapinasan
Svitfar5ogulmahrdroga6ula5ophan rasAyanam " (Kai.ni.)l
"999'166)199 cD]5IDo or,jBJo ofladorn. oJcG6, roffUo &S]
ot'lcolroa,o. micn'l<dcu" ollogj5o ca,uootoflm;. cD)6IDo
,e<.drncrucicucma,5d oJlouJo dl.trno crxeloldr,DcDo
a,'lelctruo olcDolJo o.tcco. ar5o1a,;.rdoLuca"ool1.
97
Jlrncruo a,"no6cromicruJo orccruuolscruSnucDcuocoo;
"tcr'larjocol'locn goo'l
Cdo ). ooor"-r1ororrutr oltd rzu rno
fjCcoc cnJsrDtcBogo€oc6rBlo'l(o)l(nfl oaD gaDcDo." ( (,l.ojc. )
["Ull ik]<ulla gunam h;dyap tikgrlam pAke rasar.n ka!uVirecanakaram snigdham vfgyam kesattinum gunar.n
Bhagnasandhanakrd v1gyam dipanam balavarddhanamKi lasam gulmavum vatar.n krm ikust hapramehavu r.nPinasam kaphamarsassum kAsa6vasafrca na6ayetHidhmavine Samippikkum raktapittasya vafddhanar.nOro gulannalekkontumitunalla rasayanafn" (Gu.pa.)l
9tt
Col l . No. AVS I l l6
Allophl,lus serrstus (Roxb.) KurzSapindace a. 1$fi16-5qq)
HinKanMal
SanTamTel
Tippani (frTrqrfr)
Togaratti (i::n;11)Mukkannapperuku, Mukkannanpel u, Mukkannanperera(o1doqlog@1ai, n;aoepcdc"td, o;aoenBoE oolc@o)Triputah ftrfa;Amalai (.guLlolr.*-)Eravalu ( : : , :o:)
Distr ibut ion : ' fhroughout south India and Assam hi l lsThe p lant : A smal l t ree or a large shrub wi th whi t ish bark: leaves 3- fo l ia te,
alternate. crowded at the ends of branchlets, pubescent, lcaflets-5*12.,5 cm long, ovate or ell iptic. acute or acuminate. serrate-dentate.more or less hairy on both surfaces: f lowers small. white in fascicles,on spicate axil lary racemes. stamens 8, inserted on the receptacleinside the disc; fruits smooth, globose. red whe n ripc.
Parts used : whole plantProperties and uses : The plant is astringent. bitter. sweet, anti-
inflammatory, vulnerary', digestive, carminative and constipating. It isuseful in bone fractures. dislocations. inflammations. ulcers, wounds,dyspepsia, anorexia and diarrhoea. The fruits are sweet. cooling andnourishing tonic.
"A5a >+fervn<ira.ffT{'TT Vir-dsl r" ({q.)["Triputa tryaksisakhota raktamudga sugolaka" (Sva.)]
"*qrqffrqdqg{ vTo rns-{T{nR l3{fuqq{€t ifrq-qrtrfdernr6( |u-o wg kc t-ai To *v-+qt"-q lt' (€.)
[" Kasayatiktamadhuram samulam sophanasanamAsthi bhangaharam proktamangamarddavlar;rapahamPhalam svadu himam rucyam m0lam dipanapacanam" (Sva.)l
99
Allophylus serratus
")
7
r(x)
o
I \ . :f,
'\-
Ti
E]o)
l o ll . lL I
,2o
o!(u
:t/f i i \ , i'r ,,t . . t i
ri- - i l
- . . \- \ \
- i
-I h \
oo
Coll. No. AVS 2153
Aloe barbadensri Mill.(=A.vera (Linn.) Burm.)
Liliaceae {r$r-troq)
Distribution : Cultivated or seen wild in hedge-rows in the drier parts oflndia
The plant : A coarse perennial with short stem and shallow root system;leaves fleshy in rosettes, sessile, often crowded with horny prickleson the margins, convex below, 45 - 60 cm long. tapering to a bluntpoint, surface pale green with irregular white blotches; flowersyellow or orange in racemes; fruits loculicidal capsule.
Parts used : leaf-juice, elioProperties and uses : The plant is bitter, sweet, cooling, anthelmintic,
aperient, carminative, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, stomachic,emmenagogue, ophthalmic and alexeteric. The juice is used indyspepsia, amenorrhoea, burns. colic, hyperadenosis, hepatopathy,splenopathy, skin diseases, constipation, spanomenorrhea, vitiatedconditions of vata and pitta, abdominal tumours, dropsy, carbuncles,
,sciatica, lumbago and flatulence.The elio is used for helminthiasis in children and is a purgative,
anthelmintic and emmenagogue. It is used for local application inpainful inflammations, chronic ulcers and catarrhal and purulentophthalmia.
"Eqrt Tt-s-q q Er;drr y-rt-crftoT r" (qr.e.)
["Kumari grhakanya ca kanya gh.rtakumarika" (Bha.pra.)]
'g+.< grrfr s +,:{16l dffi-*l reretfl TS,F'qt q'r*jwrjva rr
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Indian aloe, Curacao aloe, Barbados aloe, Jaffarabad aloeGhikuamr, Ghikumari (trt.lit, *gqTfr)
Kathaligida (dc_Ond)
Kaffuvala, Kaffarval.a (agloloe, a,gc6otce)Kumari, Ghrtakumari (tqrfr, Tf,5crfr)Kattal ai, S i ru kattal ai (spbgolorr, Oqqspbgcoon)Kalabanda (Se.ra:od)
103
6o-a-6c51dr *q ,1gnqr fuVos* r
dqd do"fr nqr +kor qrqfrrsqr rl
V+.-.{r rTdq-ffidlTfu{c-*l r (n.tr.)
[ 'Gfhakanya kumari ca kanyaka dirghapatrikaSthaleruha mrduh kanya bahupatralmaraljaraKantakapravrta vira bhmgesta vipulasravaVla4aghni taruni rama kapila cambudhisravaSukant aka sthuladal etyekavimsatinamaka' (Ra. ni.)l
"rJE'fi-qr ltcr fld-*-dr qErr+i *m.rqer r
ft-omEqq{E€d s {srIri r" ({r.fr.)
[ 'Grhakanya himA tikta madagandhi kaphapahaPittakAsavisa5vasakusthaghni ca rasayani " (Ra.ni.)l
"6:qr{fl-gl cg{, ticr0str{il Iq, I
|i@knq,gq{s I€ qdt tl
Erd frii Tffi ilTAffid +iffiq r" ({Tr.fr.)["Tan mad hyadando mad hu rah ku marisadrso gunai hVi6esatkrmipittaghnah puspamasya guru smdam.V-tam pittam krmimscaiva nasayediti kirttitam (Sa.ni.)l
"gqrfr q-q-n d"r id-rdr +{r {sr+fr |cTrr Td"fr e-efl qqr erdhqqul( rr
I qw@qiq rU-;r-qtrfirqffit1fftrdqTrrq-1 | t" (ril.S. )
["Kumari bhedani sita tikte netrya rasayaniMadhurd brmhani balya vrsya vatavisapranutGulmaplihayakrdvrddhikaphajvarahari bhavetGranthyagnidagdhavisphotapittaraktatvagamayan " (Bha.pra.)l
"Tcrfr yfa-dr furdr qgtr tH sn-( r+q-q{6fr 4( l
T;e4tr{flqffif,t-ffdrnqqr{ lqgqr lffi qeTr Tqr rsrq-i rr
arafirn5fuEr tcTfr-{qc TE r" (+.ft.)
I Kumari Sitala tikta madhura bhedini jayet
Gulmap[ihayakrdvrddhim kaphajvarahari haretGranthyag nidagd havisphotapittaraktatvagamayanCaksusya visavataghni balya vrsya rasayaniVatapittakrmiharam kumarikusumam guru" (Kai.ni.)l
104
"t$rs, Twrdrd r" (qI.Y.)
["Aileyakah krsnabol ah kumarisAratodbhava" (Bha. pra.)]
"Trurdrai 69 tfr-,il f66) 1sgfrraa, I{tottancqsr1qki TfrTcCr q crel\ l" ({r.fr.)
["Krsnabolah katuh sito bhedako rasasodhanahS[ladhmanakaphAn vAtam krmigulmau ca nasayet" (Ra.ni.)]
a, gcdoneor;os oJlo5o adlroroca,or;olerrerd
o,5o1coc<neanod o;dcmcaco(DG(Dcf)GocBoo
UDle]cf)lcCDCBOo A,;"'dOo O.l'l"siArCCrDdIEl CnCU0CAO(d;.
a, gcdoneco;los fftlro)o orsmlgca,lcrnlcolgollo
ojc(6) ot'l(onD 68rjo grorotldao; "
(, Jo Jolc a, ao Jo 3 erreoj
a,gctdorceor;os orJor] crdlorgo orcor jlrorolgild. (ul]."rc.)
[" Kaff arval.ayu! e vlryar.n sitamakayumunt atuKlmirogannal dupnamanetrarogabhagandaramSIlagulmodaram ku9!ham visakasafrca na5ayetKaffarval.ayut e ni rum tanuppakunnitef{avumVatapittann al ettirkkum guruvakayum u nt atuKaffarvalayute plvu 5italam vatapittajit" (Gu.pa.)]
105
Coll. No. AVS 1962
Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Willd.Zingib er ac" u" 1 en*+ -Yda
Greater galangal, Java galangal
Kulafr aj n, Ku I ifr jan (soq-r;T, 5fd-.d-s{)Doddarasagadde (Ce%oxnaJ
Aratta, Ciffaratta (ronooro, Jlgootot;
Rasna, Sugandham0la ({rFTI, {rr+r{or)Arattai, Perarattai (g){ryg*g, GuqT$cog)
Dumparastramu (::ciu*u)
Distribution : Throughout the Western Ghats, also cultivated
The plant : A perennial, aromatic, rhizomatous herb. 1 .8 - 2.1 m in height;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, acuminate, very shortly petioled,
ligule short, rounded, ciliate; flowers fragrant, greenish white with
red veined lips, in dense panicles; fruits capsules orange red when
ripe.Parts used: rhizomesProperties and uses : The rhizomes are bitter, acrid. thermogenic'
aromatic, nervine tonic, stimulant, revulsive, carminative, stomachic,
disinfectant, aphrodisiac, expectorant, bronchodi latoq febrifuge,
anti-inflammatory and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of
vata and kapha, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammations, stomatopathy,
pharyngopathy, cough, asthma, bronchitis, hiccough, dyspepsia,
stomactraigia, obesity, diabetes, cephalalgia, tubercular glands and
intermittent fevers.
"{rsr gfir(sr RT4zrgr ffi rgl g<t t
{-{6r grl"ldlfor tsl sr Trxfirgd ifr rt" (q.c.) _fnasna yuktarasa syacchreyasya 6leyasi rasa yukta
Suvaha sugandhamula rasya sa gandhanakuli ceti" (A'ma')l
"{R4r gffi{qr {gI g{6T {Sil t$ |
wc"fi s gw gq:qr ffi dql ll' (qr.l.)
["Rasna yuktarasi rasya suvaha rasana rasa
ifapami ca surasa sugandha s.reyasi tatha ' (Bha'pfa)l
106
Eng
HinKan
Mal
San
Tam
Tel
Alpinia galanga
107
"ffi fficg finlfu-ct tffi fqre-fl€qi rrq ffi rr" (q.fr.)["Visesadvatarogaghni tailadisu niyoj itaVisaghni svasakasaghni rasna hikkanivarani (Ma.ni.)l
tdfdr I€wrT ocFqrdfud I
@ r l*msqtffiFcqrfd-*lqqt6q€( r" (qT.e. )
["Rasnamapacani t ikta gurugna kaphavatajit
Sophasvasasami rasravatasI lod arapaha
Kasajvaravisasitivati kamayahid hmahrt" (Bha.pra.)l
{rsr IEfq ftffi,ilsun ffia r
cre-fi r (q.fr.)I R-sna gurusca tiktosna vigavatasrakasajit
Sophakampodarasl esmasamanyamasya pacani " (Dha. ni.)]
"rmr ic+m lt;ra}6urt qt-aqqffi Iqrdr+d fEs {Ef{i +-Fi q feqqEr{ rr
{ilq M q-T{ri {s vp ffiq rqi +-Ei *< q {-dt-{sr-dw-u cwi( rr" (vn.fr.)
[" Rasna ti ktA guruscos;ra pacanyamavinasinT
Vataraktam visam svasam kasam ca visamajvaram
Sopham hikkam camavAtam kapham sulam vinasayet
Jvaram kampam codaram ca sarvan vatamsca nasayet' (SA.ni.)]
"rrsr irqm q''qkt-a r
i + t f r@t t
frerwframqmqqr ertelffir q r" (d.fr.)["Rasna tikta gurusnamapacani kaphapittahaN ihanti sophavatasrasvasakasavisajvaranHidhmasitamavatadhyA vatasulodarani ca (Kai.ni.)l
"{eirqT qtq r" rfi.fr.t["RasnosnA vatasophamavatavAtamayan jayet" (So.ni.)]
" rcroororoor;.d6mocacD]g g) rJl.LcDo a,.norcorgild. " 1<n;."-rc. I
["Arattayusnamayui I u dipananr kaplravaraji i" (Gu.pa.)]
Remarks: 'Tire Ayurvedic Formularv of inciia identiiies rasna as Pluchealanceolato C.B.Clarke and recommentls Alpinia gaiangu (L.)Willd. as asubsti iute for it specifyrng the parts to be used in dilferent formulations. In'Drarvagunavijnan' Prof.PVSharma (i983) also uses the same identif icationAccording to him it is the leaf rvhich is to be used in different formulations.
I tr6
'The Glossary of Vegetable Drugs in Brhattrayi ' . however. advises us to usethe root and mentions that i t is A.galanga which is being used as a substi tutefor this drug in south India. I t also adds that the synonvms of rasna such aselapani, rasna, l,uktarasa and gandhamila are appropriate for PlucheaIanceolata and warns us against using Vizrrda roxbur.ghii and such otherorchids.
On the contrarv. Wealth of India. and Indian Medicinal Plants' identi fvrasna and its synonl'ms as Vanda tessellata ll'.ro,rburghiil. For Pluchealanceolata the former gives rasna as i ts Sanskri t name. Both these attr ibuteIo Vanda tessel lata al l the propert ies and uses mentioned in Ayurvedic textsfor rasna. However, while'Wealth of India' recommends the whole plant ofPlucheo lanceolata for medicinal purposes, ' lndian Medicinal Plants used inAyurvedic preparations' (A.C.Dey. 1980) also identi f ies rasna asVandatessellata.
While Dr A. Lakshmipathi (1946) in '1tD useful Drugs' identi f ies rasna asanother variety of Alpinia species. Alpinia o.ff icinarum, Dr A.Nesamani inhis'Ausadhasasyannal ' considers this as st i l l another species i .e.A.calcuruta. 'Bhavaprakasanighantu' gives three Latin names for rasnaviz..Plucheu lunceolato, Inula racemosa andVanda roxburghii. Again'Sal igramanighantu bhusanam' identi f ies rasna as Vanda roxburghi i orPluchea lanceolata. Shri K.M.Vaidya in his'Astangahrdayakosam' usesVanda roxburgftli as its Latin name.
In recent publications it is seen reported that Pluchea lanceolata, Vandaroxburghii and Alpinia galang,a, all have antirheumatic properties and thatfrom experimental studies it has been proved that Plauchea lanceolataismore effective than the others as a drug for rheumatic complaints.
I t has to be poin_ted out, however. that the descript ions of the plant rcsnamentioned by the Acaryas in the ancient texts have no similari t ies to Vandatessellata.
Pluchea lanceolata which is abundantly available in north India is not atal l seen in south India. Though the'Glossary of Vegetable Drugs in
Brhattrayi' mentions that many of the synonyms given for rasna areappropriate for P lanceolafa, we have to point out that the words
sugttndhamila and ilaparni which have certain particular connotations aremore appropriate to Alpinia galanga than to Pluchea lanceolata.
' Indian Medicinal Plants' , 'Materia Medica' (K.M. Nadkarni) arid'Wealth
of India' identify a plant with the Sanskrit name kulafijana as Alpiniagalanga. But 'Bhavaprakasam''Rdjanigha4lu' and'Nighanturatnakaram'
mention rasna and kulafijana as two different plants and give them differentproperties. The following quotations frorn them will make this clear :
109
't-d-.d-Sr l-*T{o{q tre{r{Fi to{sn: I
5;d{q ogfudsil {q-n g€-nu-f( r" ({.fr.)
["Kulafrjo gandhamula5ca tikglamrllah kulanianaf-tKulafrjah katutiktosno dipano mukhadoganut" (Ra.ni.)l
"tfu.ilqc WRa-4?igEI e.fiaq-frq-q t
F-"i wd q 6€i s geoo-6fuqftgq 11
t€-dq *.s {qri *ld eki gs qn-( t
qiceTRfr qa1rr" tfr.r.)
[" Kul i fr janam kat ustiktam ugr.ra1n cag n i pradipanam
Rucyar.n svaryam ca hrdyar.n ca mukhakanthavisuddhikrtMukhadogam kapham 5vasar.n kasar.n vAtam dhruvam jayet
Brhatkuslhagunairjfr eyam ny[namasmaditi smrtam " (Ni.ra.)]
q k*qro.wfir*-{E t
gH.d-4-fr wqr emu-d5q{inrfi rr
e1wRl, grr+Tr sr(dfr dTgun qm r" (111.9.)
[" sugandhapyugragandha ca visesatkaphakAsanutSusvaratvakari rucya hrtka4!hamukhasodhaniSthulagranthih sugandha syat tato hinaguna smfta" (Bha.pra.)l
The Kerala publ icat ions l ike 'Osadhin ighanlu . 'Avurvedavi ivakoiam' and'sanskrit-Malayalam Dictionary' (Kanippayoor Sankaran Nambudirippad)give the Malayalam terms citi'aratta and peraratta for nakuli andgandhanakuli. respectively. AmarakoSa. of course. gives these two synonymsfor rasna. On the other hand the Commentaries on 'Bhavaprakadani
,Rajanighantu' etc., identify. nakuli as Rauvolfia serpentinu (cuvanna
amalpori). The author of 'Dravyagunavijnan'. however. identif ies, nakull as
A risto loc hia indic u ( kara I alt arn ).Though there is such a lot of confusion in the identity of this plant, in
Kerala the rhizome of. Alpinia galanga is used as raln a Besides, A.galanga,two other species of the plant A.calcarata and A.malaccensis are available inplenty in the market. They are known as peroratta in Malayalam and theirrhizomes are also used in the formulations.
1 1 0
Coll. No. AVS 2064
Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) R.Br.Apocynaceae ($FI-$Oq2
Distribution: Throughout lndia,in deciduous and evergreen foresls, also inplains
The plant: A large evergreen tree upto 3.0 m in height with a straight often
fluted and buttressed bole, about 110 cm in diameter, bark greyish
brown, rough, lenticellate abounding in bitter,milky latex; leaves 4-7
in a whorl, coriaceous, ell iptic-oblong, pale beneath; f lowers small,greenish white, numerous in umbellate panicles, corolla tube short,very strongly scented; fruits foll icles,30*60 cm long; seeds papil lose
with brownish hair at each end.Parts used: bark, leaves, milky exudateProperties and uses: The bark is bitter. astringent, acrid. thermogenic,
digestive, laxative, anthelmintic, febrifuge, antipyretic, depurative'galactagogue. stomachic, cardiotonic and tonic. It is useful in fevers,
malarial fevers. abdominal disorders, diarrhoea. dysentery,dyspepsia, leprosy. skin diseases. pruritus. tumours. chronic and foul
ulcers. asthma. bronchitis. cardiopathy, helminthiasis, agalactia and
debil ity. The tender leaves in the form of poultice are good for ulcers
with foul discharges. The milky exudate is bitter and is good for
ulcers. vit iated conditions of vata and otalgia.
"{w;6'dl I€Eq: rr-quit Teafu, t
TrqTqoi: TrqFl-{: {e[f{6f: TlqrriffF: tl
ffi, furqqui'{q Fdftfr gqdrd, I
Y6€Fft f.fcqrd: qrd, qffi' ll" (3r.{.)
1 1 1
EngHinKanMal
SanTamTel
Devil tree, Shaitan woodChattiyan, Saittan ka jat (grfu+tq, ltflH sT qa)
Hdle (aoej)
et itampata, Yaksippala, Pala, Daivappala(o6v1et.arcel ola'v'lgceL, oJcQJ' oooojgcej)
Saptapamah, Saptachadah (qqqq', TIRId(')El i lappalai, Palai (oy g5lor;Lltlfrco6D, unoocr;)Phalagaruda, Ed6kularaticettu, EOakulaphala(:,:onua. 5c"se;oJl"3 Sass'p..:)
Alstonia scholaris
v.s. of f lower
t -
l oj s
t12
[" Saptacchado gucchapuspah satapuspo blhacchavih
Saptapa;'pah saptapatrah saptahvah saptasamlnakah
Sriparnah snigdhapamasca sarvaksiri suvarnakah
Brhattvagiti vikhyatah Sabdaih paryayavacakaih (A.ma.)l
"v.aqfr tdrne-d-{ rncd Ase-6<, r' (.lt.s.)
[ 'saptaparno visalatvak sarado visamacchadah " (Bha. pra.)]
"{Fdqoi: qr-dui, {kqd: gsfs: Iqq-6-+ 5f{6q ll
qt-eq +5qti{s 6q1 qpsqfusa6, Iqfl;tn rrFrqd ffii eqfsTfrn, l " ({.fr.)
["saptaparnaf.r patrava4ah 6uktiparnah supamakah
Saptacchado gucchapuspolyugmaparno municchadah
Brhattvak bahuparnasca tatha salmalipatrakahMadagandho gandhiparno vijneyo vankibhumitah (Ra.ni') l
'5q,qqslTq-fr ffiqr( d'Riqc' I
ft+a, *.qrlT1re qqq+ rf,dqi'lar{: rr" (q.fr.)
[" Kust hajvaraprasamano visesAt vranasodhanahTiktah kasayanurasah saptahvo raktasodhanah (Ma.ni.)l
"{caqfr eq-rdqem{Elgq-<Fq-q t
frq{' .{qlggEqq furdtwrq-dl, gt, tt "(\T.9.)
[" Saptaparno vranasl esmavatakust hasrajantujitDipanafr svasagulmaghnah snigdhognastuvarah sarah" (Bha.pra')i
"€qcti, 6qlffi frfu5-1, {{, I l
frtrrrr) aa, TfqqqruE€lecEvn'sF-d. ttqflIFl, Rrqq, {orfirtvtc(: r" (rr.fr.)
["saptaparnah kasayosnastikto diptikarah sarah
Snigdho hrdyaf krmisvasakust hagulmavranasrajitMadagandhih tridosaghnah sularaktarujapahah" (Ga.ni.)l
"q|<nfd " (t.tu. ss)[" Sandramehinam saptaparnakasayap " (Su.Ci. 1 1 )]
"qq@<dq+{q gtut gfvgo-a (u.63 rr;
[" Saptacchada1kaksirabhyam pIranam krmisu lanut" (A.hr. U.22)]
'effi-Egqqimfrs ur€i-
["Tvakpatrakusumakslradikan grahyam "]
'{Rc"irg fu*itwtftxdqq{q frqa, r
1 1 3
qErr;rfr t{6+ilti aunftrllT{fil il "({r.fr.)
[" Saptapamastu tl ktosnastridosaghna5ca dipanahMadagandho nirundheJyam vranaraktamayakrmin" (Ra.ni.)l
"fi,flq{rqfl 6a, grFrfr{: v{, rqorcq-t+tsqi €R {neqfucf,s, [ (s.fr.)["T1idoga5amano hrdyah surabhirdipanal;r sarahSulagulmakrmin kusl ham hanti Salmalipatrakall,, (Dha. ni.)l
'gttrqol: 6'qrdwr: gkr* flqtr, gq,
6dr@rr " ( * . f r . )["Saptapamah kasayosnah susnigdho dlpanah sarahH@yo dosakrmi5vasakusJ hagulmavranasrajit " (Kai.ni.)l
1 1 4
Coll. No. AVS 1286
Alstonia venenata R.Br.Apocynaceae ($FT-56q;
Distribution: Throughout India in deciduous forests in areas upto 1,800 melevation
The plant A large shrub or a small tree upto 6.0 m in height with greyishbrown bark and bright yellow hard and woody root; leaves simple, inwhorls of 3-6, membranous, lanceolate, margins wavy, finelyacuminate, main nerves numerous, close, parallel, united byintramarginal nerve; flowers white, in terminal, subumbellate cymesor in racemes; fruits fusiform, stalked and beaked follicles, taperingat both ends, seeds many, flattened with a tuft of hair at each end.
Parts used: roots, fruitsProperties and uses: The roots are bitter, astringent, thermogenic,
depurative, antitoxic, febrifuge and anodyne. They are useful in skindiseases, erysipelas, leprosy, cobra bite and other venomous bites,epilepsy, fatigue, fever and otalgia. The fruits are useful in syphilis,insanity and epilepsy.
'$qVq sqcqua frqgqtq{rff, I
$q€{q fu}q, tequtpg fflif: llqrfrdl3+{s Wr{fr mnvil r" (R.)[" Kqudra6ca saptapamoinyo vi gghnaricapyanAdanahKgudrapurva6ca vijfieyah saptapa!'nastu namatahNitivasurabhTnasya sumaniti vi6isyate" (Sva.)l
"sw€{ncri Rr{gq, squ6affi 11
@r
Mal
Kan
San
Tam
Anal iv6gam (Gn6TDeicor<no)
Addasoppu (u{*taeAS
Visaghni, Anddand (M, imfir)
Si nnapp6lai (CIcmcun--runcoor;)
1 1 5
Alstonia venenata
{Nryffr'
Wseecls
1 1 6
cTvrt( 6uf.qud T€iqr6fr s {T 1 " (€.)[" SaptacchadasamAnam syad gune, tvakkug!hana5iniPh i rangav i gavisaroabh utapasmarapidanamNa6ayet, kama5Olaghni m[rcchajvaraharl ca sa" (Sva.)]
n l
Coll. No. AVS 2227
Alternanthera sessilis (Linn.) R.Br.ex DC.(A. triandra Lam.)
Amaranthaceae (ns$*q-$da
Hin
KanMal
SanTamTel
Gudrisdg 11ksrn)H6nugonesoppu (d(ir1(diro4))
Minanndni, Ponnannani, Ponnankannikkira
( dlrD5-6r, c6Trn, oolcfi D6ellc6rn1, oacrmce,eplaetl o )Matsyaksi, Patturah (qenfr , v{t)
Ponnannkannikkirai (GurciircurrniLseurireuof dGcou )Ponnaganti k0ra (*qnoeJsu-o)
--l
_lDistribution : Throughout India,in moist places upto 2,100 m, often
cultivated.The planfi A much branched prostrate herb, branches often purplish,
frequently rooting at the lower nodes; leaves simple, opposite,
somewhat fleshy, lanceolate, oblanceolate or linear-oblong, obtuse or
subacute, sometimes obscurely denticulate, glabrous, shortly
petiolate; flowers small, white, in axillary clusters; fruits compressed
obcordate utricles, seeds suborbicular.
Parts used: whole PlantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter, sweet, astringent, acrid, cooling,
constipating, clepurative, digestive, cholagogue, galactagogue and
febrifuge and is useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and pitta,
burning sensation, diarrhoea, leprosy, skin disease' dyspepsia,
haemorrhoids, agalactia, splenomegaly and fever.
rrq1, EFls-ggqyq qRRiI ffid{' t
frqrvit EsEFtrRFffi s(r6it, tl
ffiI Fftc,qg, {1ag, {{frd, q1q: I
tqgd t{s-q fiffiq, qftrq{qil ll '
(3T.c.)
[" Patturafr kandapuqpa5ca matsyakgo minalocanah
Jlmitapatfo vidvadbh ipatsyAkgaka udahftah
Prokto dvitiyah pattrJrah kSetfajah kqetnkah kgamah
Hemapu$pi hemakanya bhigagbhih paripalhyate' (A.ma.)l
1 1 8
\l@1,\,'f-(/1 :,-'t
o=oooooLo+,cocLrog
1 F
t -
i\ 9,sA^<--=-3eM)
*@;=Ve,;Av \o : E - - v S; 6 A
5. ; r:-\ fi\
F I- l
1 1 9
"qRRfr qrqidsT q€rrrren q-dFqKfiid s l " (qr.c.)
["Matsyaksl bahlika matsyagandha matsyadaniti ca" (Bha.pra)]
"q-€Rfr qrffi {i-dr $qfimoq'r$isr( r
ogk-ftT .F'qrrrT s erfr *gfqvtfu-fr r " (vr.c.)
[" Matsyakgi grahi ni sita kusthapittakaphasraj itLaghustikta kasaya ca svadvi katuvipakini" (Bha.pra.)l
"v-{il sffift' wffiqqqaiq( r" (3l.E.q.s)
[' Patturo dipanastiktah plihar6ahkaphavAtajit" (A.hr.S[.6)]
"sr(d iilffr RTg{eGT +.qmr qrft4 dg' rqmdr 69q'r qt+ oqfitf,rswiq-( rr (*.fr.)
["Bahli tiktA svadusita kasaya grahini laghuhVatal a kaluka pake kaphapittasrakuslhaj it " (Kai. n i.)l
"qiqqt flM {fl-dr genl-+.mru-i-( r " (c.cr.fr.)
[" Matsyaksi grahini sita kusihapittakaphasranut " (Ma. pa. n i.)]
"Fsnfr frrivRr €Eqr quriqq{qrq-6r r " ({r.fr.)
[" Matsyaksi si6ira rucya vranadosaksayapaha " (RA. ni.)]
6:oeicc)o orlooncor;gg; dlmeoncernlolos cD)6rDo
o,5o1"-flruoeonogouil6gcoi <roarorlolloggccrrflcorgor;.. (<nl.oJc.)
["Kasayam tiktamayullu minannaniyute gunamKrmipittannalettirppan saktiyul lonnitef{avum " (Gu.pa.)l
Remarks: 'The Ayurvedic Formulary of India' identifies pon nannani andmatsyaksi as two different drugs and gives them the Latin namesAlternanthera triandra and /. sessi/is, respectively. From this it is very clearthat both are one and the same drug.
'Abhidhanamanjari' mentions a second variety of. mtnaniani( minannaniviie;ary I giving hemakannya, himapuspi etc.. as its Sanskritnames. The exact plant is not known.
120
Col l . No. AVS 1115
AmaranthusAmaranthaceae
spinosus Linn.far$-1,oq)
Eng
Hin
Kan
Prickly amaranth
Caul6yi, Kat6[ (dr&4, +2d)M ulluhalavesoppu (a^:ru*sed{oeq;)
M u | | ancira, Cerucira 1o1ggoE"Jlo, oc-to; Jlo;
Tanduliyah (dr-g-eq )
M ull ukkirai ((gloiTqDdGourry )M ullutotakr.r ra ( ::: ;;' J'u:s:- : )
Mal
San
Tam
Tel
Distribution: Throughout India,in waste lands
The plant: An erect. glabrous. spinous herb. varying in colour from green
to red or purple, 3G-60 cm in height with grooved branches and
sharp divaricate spines in the leaf axils; leaves simple. alternate.
ovate, lanceolate or oblong, entire, glabrous above, main nerves
numerous. conspicuous below, flowers small, sessile, yellowish white
or pale green, numerours, in dense axil lary clusters and in terminal
or interrupted spikes, fruits ovoid capsules, membranous,
circumscissile about the middle.Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is sweet. cooling, alexeteric, laxative,
diuretic, stomachic, antipyretic, febrifuge, sudorific, galactagogue,
haematinic, appetiser and tonic it is useful in vit iated onditions of
pitta, hyperdipsia, burning sensation, hallucination, leprosy, eczema,
bronchitis, leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, haemorrhoids, abscesses,
boils, burns, strangury, nausea, flatulence, colic, anorexia, fever,
intermittent fevers, agalactia, anaemia and general debil ity.
The roots are thermogenic and haemostatic. They are useful in
vitiated conditions of. kapha, menorrhagia. haemoptysis,
haematemesis and leucorrhoea.
"+erqft -d"gotq w+,f ar$r+ aqqq-{q d!-sirdF q-a5-a 61r-glsQrq 11q-{tf4ffi ro-W ro-SFefr rf,ug-ffi qrd, qqffi, tt " ( g{.H.)
["Kathayanti tandullyam mabiram talQuleyakam ghoCaln
r2l
Amaranthus spinosus
female f lower
v.s. of female f lower
./^\ ,/t--\
r/@entire and open'-oa
seed - two views
r22
Ghananadam iandulakam ghanasvanam ta(ndu)livegamGhanarocirmahanadam tandulam tandumityapiTanduliyakamityaryah sabdaih paryayavacakaih (A.ma.)l
"drg-dpn trmE sTv3te!-Sdc+, iquredlit|ffiq, it (HT.e.)
I Tenduliyo meghanadah kanderastandulerakahBhandirastandulibijo visaghna6calpamarisah, (Bha.pra.)l
"il-gdqq ,T"$q6u-gdi av-q$+* rqrRrd esdd{u tq{rfl e=feFr: tlgqlFF, ssqvTF6-{q +qdE RF{dT(-d-q, r
q qqtqr{-q qdrr rr" fu.fr.l["Tanduliyastu bhandirastanduli tandulTyakahGranthil i bahuvirya6ca meghanado ghanasvanahSusakah pathyasakasca sphurjathuh svanitahvayahWratandulanamA ca paryAyasca caturdasa (Ra.ni.)l
"dugiftiir og, {ftir rsei, lM{d r
{€Trcdl l;zn fiq-jT feqdTrs tr (slT c )I Tanduliyo laghuh drto ruksah pittakaphasrajitSrstamutramalo rucyo dipano visaharakah" (Bha.pra.)l
"duqdrqE ffir eryr fuqa1n, I
@a' qzq, ft-sq-5qq1g6, 11dn-qiiq-sq-d lffi, ffi rql-6cFsngiaffi Ffuqlfo tr " ({T.fc.)["Tanduliyastu sisiro madhuro visana6anahRucikrddipanah oathyah pittadahabhramapahahTandu liyakadalam himaspardah pittaraktavisakasavinAdiGrahakam ca madhuram ca vipake dahasosasamanam rucidayi ,, (Ra. ni.)l
"du$dqmp l+t$ui rffi*nq1qq r
cintq-fr, r+aftrqq"T{6rq ti ( 3llri.)
I Tanduliyakamulam syadusnam slesmavinadanamRajorodhakaram raktapittapradarasamharam (A.sam.)l
"auq-trr i{qq{a €si, Tfl-f,iR, 11fq, r
qgt reclfirqr aq6fu-sqqp66, l (q.fr.)
I Tanduliyo visaghnasca r[ksah sitatarah SucihMadhuro rasapakAbhyam raktapittapaghatakah', (Dha.ni.)l
"aug-ifrril ffi sq1, RrEcr$l*ir oE: tlr<kqfuqreEif flqa, geqrkql " (+.fr.)["Tanduliyo himo ruksah svadupakaraso laghuh
1 1 1
Madapittavisaslaghno dipanafr srslam[travit " (Kai. n i.)]
"d5ffir og,{frdl sq{, fqf,m'+.rqFr( tqq{iq-d Edt *q-n {ftfuffr r" (q.vr.fr.)
["Tanduliyo laghuh 6lto r,ksah pittakaphdsraj itSfgtamutramalo rucyo dipano raktapittaha" (Ma.pa.ni')l
"d5tr ffi sq1, €r5cronil dga6fmir Ad ffi rrq:Tr{Fr: lt (fr.fr.)
["TanQu liyo himo r[ksaf.r svadupakaraso laghul1Raktapittaharo hrdyo visaghno madanasanah" (So.ni.)l
t24
C'oll. lio. AVS 1427
Ammania baccfera Linn. ssp. 6acc iferoLvthraceae : ( qfil+t-teQ
L r r v
Hin
Mal
San
Tam
Blister ing ammania
Dddamarl, KurantA (Effl"qrfr, T{o-A)Nirumm6lneruppq, Kalluruvi (criolcmoE ocDolg, eqdJroJcrfl)Kurandikd (T{Fs-sT)
Kalluruvi, Nirummel neruppu (.rolgl15eri, $fGLroit Gpql,rq)Agnivendrapdku (u,"r-:,$, : :,:)Tel
Distr ibut ion: Throughout India, in rnarshv krcal i t icsThe p lant : An crcct g labrous rec id ish herb upto 60 cnr in height . branches
usual ly opposi te: lcaves lowcr opposi tc . uppcr s<trne t imes a l tcrnate .oblong or narrow-el l ip t ic . rounde-d < l r subccl rdatc. usual lv obtusc orsubzrcute: f lowers reddish in dense axi l larv c lusters. upcta lous orwi th minutc peta ls ; f ru i ts depressed g lobose capsules covcred bycalyx tube upto the middle.
Parts used: wholc plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter. acrid. cooling. appetiser.
rubi lac ient . larat ive. s tomachic. d iuret ic . aphrodis iac andl i thontr ip t ic . I t is uscfu l in v i t ia ted condi t ions of kapha and, pt t ta ,burn ing sensat ion. l rnorct ia . dvspepsia. l la tu lcnce, co l ic . s t rangur l .scminal u,eakness. rcnal and vesical ca lcul i , rheumat ism. in termi t tenlfcvers and herpet ic erupt ions.
"titr-sst e)-{r1rr gnod tffir " (rrr.fi.)[" Kurandika ksetrabhusa kuranti ksetranasi ni,' (Sa.n i.)]
"tft-sqT v<r t-;fl 1fr vrffi rrru-* 6s-drdr-n *drg qRzfrffim irg-dqitrs-sT yfl-dr qr+ crtal sg rq?r Ifir+ar Hitt q Fqr q €-{T qqr qet {dr tlqr*at fut-an qffi, srFFrtT I{Eil+i Tf,{rq iT{rtffid +1ftm rr (fr.r.)
725
Ammannia baccifera
'J,,,oNW,vT
habit (diagrammatic)
-4\
Wbud
MY
flowerv.s. of flower
t26
["Kurandika sara rucya gurvi cagnipradipaniNa6ani kaphavatanam vaidyaistu parikirttitaBrhatkurandika Sita pake madhvi katuh smrtaTikta ksara ca r0ksa ca sara vrsya jata mataVatala pittala vastauvatakari kaphapahaRaktadosam m utraklcchram na6ayed iti kirttite " (N i. ra.)l
Remarks: The brhatkurandika mentioned above is Ammania multiflora Roxb.
127
L)oll. No. AVS 2409
Tel
Amomum subulaturn Roxb.Zingihcraceae : ( q--d+-E;6Q
F n n Greater cardamom, Nepal cardamomBadi lliyaci, Bari llayaca (q-S gdmql, ertDoddayelakki (drqcsutJPerelam (corcocr,)Sthilaild, Bhadraila trBr*or, qldll
Periya elam, KAtteiam, Perelam(Gurflur qotrb,,siri(BrouLb, GrrGTa;ib)Pedda elakkaya, Adavielakkdya
/
- - !
\ J r . ? - v - - - - - _ " , 1
Hin
KanMalSan
, Tam
S c 2 r q q r J
Distr ihut iorr : In thc Flas le rn HirnalavasThe p lant : A herb wi th leafv s tcm upto 90 l (X) cm in height . leavcs
obkrns- lanccolate. br ight g, reen. g labrous on both sur laccs: 1 ' lowerswhi tc in g lobose shor ' l ly pedunclcd spikcs. bracts rcddish hrown. l ip( )vatc-c l lneate. emarginate. ve l lowish whi te . i i larncnts vcry shor t .anther eres l smal l . t runcate. ent i rc : f ru i ts reddish brown. denselyecl r inatc gkrbose capsulcs: se cds many' . held togcther by a v isc idsugary pulp.
Parts used: sccdsProperties and uses: Thc sceds are acrid, bitter. arttrnatic. thermogenic.
dcodorant , appet iscr . carminat ive. d igest ivc. s tomachic. const ipat ing.dcpurat ivc. vu lnerary ' . anodvnc. card iac and l iver tonic . cxpectorant ,d iuret ic , lcbr i fugc. sudor i f ic and hvpnot ic . They are usefu l in v i t ia ted
crrnditions of kapha and l 'ata, halitosis. anorexia. dyspepsia, colic.l la tu lcncc. hyperacid i ty . vomit ing. d iarrhoea. dvscntery. sk in d iseases.prur i tus, wounds. u lcers. cephala lg ia. odonta lg ia. ncuralg ia, card iacdebil ity. l iver congestion. splenomegaly. cough, bronchitis. strangury,fcver, proctoptosis. hypcrdipsia and gonorrhoea.
-r1a6r 'trr-t E rr1-Fd; 1 qrtF?;qr I
frk-qr F;ffiua qefrai o-:r+r TeT ri (q.fi.)
l "Shadrai la brhadela tu sthular la tu sugandhikaTridiva tridivodbhtta prthvika kanyaka puta' (Ma.ni.)l
i 2 8
I
Amomum subulatum
fruit
,ffI ^\
k# knIt -t | ft:1WPV
seeds
129
"qoT Prol s E6r gtat*r Agalfra riTt-dr qrc-d6T q
"r4ctrdl q ffiz l (tlT.g.)
1 ita stnuta ca bahula prthvika triputalpi caBhadraila brhadela ca candrabala ca niskutih (Bha.pra.)l
EefB-dr qr{d 175-{r trf<rtqrr* q e{+dr r
qd\EA q ct-o'r p* *-q gqfo6 # rr
or+er .ilya +rfi gdTfr lf+irrq rg<rufr fu;qrrrclr q F|rqrjqrcqrcqq ti ({T.f{.)
I Sth0laila brhadela triputa tridivodhava ca bhadrailaSurabhitvak ca mahaila prthvi kanya kumarikA caindrlKayastha goputa kanta ghrtaci garbhasambhavalndrani divyagandha ca vilneyals!adasahvaya (Ra.ni.)l
ffi ;p6 €w {rFsl firr+M r
{rq-n +dr qdffirfi r " (q.fi.)
[ 'DipanT rocani ruksa sugandhi pittakopanl
Asyavairasya 5amani caila galbhavisodhani" (Ma.ni.)l
----s- - .---: -; ._rrrd?5r 6{sI q6 rq q|-{6Tl EI Iqqil6o.n {asqfu-Ilqarq{El€-{qrc6r rr
@ l ( i l T . c . )[ 'Sthulaila katuka pake rase canalakrt laghuhRuksosna sl esmapittasrakandusvasatrsapahAHrllasavisavastyasyasiroru kvam ikasanut (Bha. pra.)]
"q+or +-asT !1.* {€ ft-nF+5q og, r
r*sqr trqfi qlqcnsz{krf€IrqRfdr ti* r f - : a f f i t ( + [ c . )
[ 'Bhadraila katuka pake rase pittagnikfi laghuhRuksosna rocani kasakaphavatasrasvasahat-lanti hrl lasatrtkandIsirovastyasyarugvamih (Kai. n i.)]
\r"rr fu{dr q dEi qrffFqFTiqq-dq|t Iqii-d-+r'-dsq) 6id !€qw+qiftr-fi r" (q.fr.)
[ ' Ela tikta ca laghvi syatkaphavAtavisavranAnVastikantharujo hanti mukhamastakasodhini' (Dha.ni.)l
'J-" .k----- :(otq /{ vt t4rot.1<tq+lctr l
wrfu fir-nffi r;ntfa a.E]lrq-orfffis|.*ar{1 lTrfryrT riun-dqT rl' (n.t{.)
I Eladvayam sitalatiktamuktam
1 3 0
sugandhi pittartt ikaphapahariKaroti hrdrogamalArttivasti-sIlaghnamatra sthavira gunadhya" (Ra.ni.)]
"re{d-d H freun oXw mwFmfu-q r@r r " (q . f q . )["Sthulaila recani t iksna laghusna kaphapittajitHrllasavisavastyasyasirorugvamikasanut" (Ma.vi.)l
Remarks: In Kerala. seeds of Amontunt rnicrostephonum Baker are also used aspiri lant in the I 'ormularions.
l - 1 I
Coll. No. AVS 2450
Amorphophallus pueoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolsonyar. companulatus (Decne.) Sivad.(A. campanulatus Decne.)
Araceae: (qru-goql
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Elephant foot yamS0ran, Jamikand (qtut, qfi-d-<)
Suvarnagadda (xoa{naJCdna 1c'tcn;S0ranah (qrq')Karunaikkilanku (oqqearolrrri Glprnq)Kandagadda (soc,r5)
Distribution: Throughout India. cultivatedThe plant A stout herbaceous plant with underground hemispherical
depressed dark brown corm; leaves compound, large, solitary. petiolestout, mottled, 60-90 cm long, leaflets 5-12.5 cm long of variablewidth, obovate or oblong, acute, strongly and many-nerved; male andfemale inflorescences contiguous. neuters absent, appendage ofspadix subglobose or amorphous, equall ing or longer than the ferti leregion, spathe campanulate, pointed, strongly. closely veined,greenish.pink externally, base within purple, margins recurved,undulate and crisped, male inflorescence subturbinate, female 7.5cmor more long; fruits obovoid 2-3 seeded red berries.
Parts used: cormsProperties and uses: The corms are acrid. astringent, thermogenic, irritant,
anodyne. anti-inflammatory, antihaemorrhoidal. haemostatic,expectorant, carminative. digestive, appetiser stomachic,anthelmint ic . l iver tonic . aphrodis iac. emmenagogue. re juvenat ingand tonic. They are useful in vit iated conditions of vata and kapha,arthralgia, elephantiasis, tumours. inflammations, haemorrhoids,haemorrhages, vomiting, cough, bronchitis, asthma, anorexia,dyspepsia, f latulence, colic, constipation, helminthiasis hepatopathy,splenopathy, amenorrhoea. dysmenorrhoea, seminal weakness,fatigue, anaemia and general debil ity.
The roots are ophthalmic and emmenagogue, and are useful inophthalmia, amenorrhoea and boils.
'gur: Rf€''Ffi, srqtrqrdft4{fr{qr( r
a-gwgcTnw s-xq-<k-dr.c-s' n" (3T.4.)
t -'tz
Amorphophallus paeoniifoliusvar. campanulatus
W' - )
- ' - - \\ \ --\
/-
-..
L--.-----'
' {h ')
W'-[ vi nf lorescence
corm6 c m
1 3 3
["S[ranah syacchatrakah syatmahana I astrisirsapatTryamkura6camcumariSca chatravrntassitatmakah" (A. ma.)l
ga,6-{ 3ird{q s-<ai}idq tefr r" (qr.c.)
["S0ranah kanda olasca Xandalojfsoghna ityapi" (Bha.pra.)]
"60-Eg, qu' ffi g+-d e1u+-<+, I
Srffi g-gt-rq qrsft,6qqJq, 11et{ilq<iq-s-<Fq q;<r{, 54q6iq, Iqf,m-<T 5;{s-<: {ti6-<q dfSVr, rr" tn.fq.)["Kandulah suranah kandi sukandi sth0lakandakahDurnAmari suvrttasca vatarih kandas[ranahArsoghnastivrakandasca kandArhah kandavarddhanahBahukando rucyakandah sr.rrakandastu sodasah (Ra.ni.)l
"{i"fr ffiI Fer: .68rrr: 6.u-g1( s3t: Iffi1 1qq4 q;q, 6-qrgf,56fi 69, 11
ffi 9c4: dflleqfelqTfl?r: Isdqr 6-<{rdnr qrvr, *w s;qi rr
s-{'r tfu-{ c{dfuffi q frril fr s, rq-*1Td;q qrqrq Woi Tu;4fl{: il (qlg.)
["SLirano dipano ruksah kasayah kandukrt katuhVistambhi visado rucyah kapharsahkrntano laghuhVisesadarsase pathyah plihagulmavina6anahSarvesam kandasakAnAm suranah srestha ucyateDadrunam kusthinam raktapitt inam na hito hi sahSandhanayogam sampraptah surano gunavattarah" (Bha.pra.)l
"W"t Ave gQ{: Efi'{pf: *3nl og, rfuqfiT *q-n wi qomlqqiee(,,
fl{turs-<q ffi fu6, I
Tci raffi dqr qra {dq-+re iea, cq rrrwFmn+}qi qrans qrurerrq r{ai q{um E€ri +.sem€t og tlqvier g f{frnur ffii +rcrffiq-+1 re-{qt"M €sT 11ai *3ffi+ a r*qi dF{ Ucq-ttWnXccl rr" (*.fr.)[ 'Surano visiado ruksah kasayah katuko laghuhVislambhi dipano rucyo valasagudakilahrtVanas0ranakandastu visesAdar6asam hitahGulme staulye tatha vate 6lesmavate hitah paramRaktapittaprakopi syacchakam s0ranasambhavamNalam s[ranajam rucyam kaphavataharam laghu
t 3 4
Ar5asam tu vi5egena hitam kamagnidipanam
Vanasuranajam r[kgam nalam katuvipaki ca
Dipana6 s!'ansanan gulmakrmi 6rl lanisudanam (Kai'ni ') l
"frT{, qroit €rzt: +.sd ffi og, r
f f i r ycq, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11" (3{ .€. { . )
["Dipanah s[rano rucyafl kaphaghno visado laghuh
Vi5esadarsasaq pathyah ... (A.hr.Su.)l
"T[rur, sES-5-{*q-{q1qq, 1fi15'ffi+6tq€, tqm+rgqr+qtqr 6{
lr" ({r.fr.)
[" Suranal;r katukarucYadiPanahpacanah krmikaPhanilaPahahSvasakasavamanarsasam harah
5r,rlagulmasamanojsradosakf ' (Ra. ni.)l
, : g \
f dg l q f ( { f g f qa4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( q r . . r r ' )
I Visesadarsasar.n pathyah (So.ni.)]
"q{"t fltril €ar, s'srgf'5-<fi 69, I
rrgq-d q-s-6-<, rffiE[: frf,tft-fq l- (q.F.)
["Surano dlpano ruksah kapharsahkrntano laghuh
Tadvadanyo vajrakandal.r kaphaghnah pittaraktakrt" (Ma'vi')l
"$.i ffi 6QI: 5'{frl: m3o.u-gT-( |
M{ ffi q;q, 6qqi,54q} og, tt
{lai $qs s-ai oq-4ril6'{ oq t
+rfr g ffiq"t ftd sTc'rFircicc\ ll" (c.cl.fr.)
[ 'surano dipano r[ksah kaSayah katukandukrt
VistamOni visado rucyah kapharsahkrntano laghuh
Nalam suranakam rucya6 kaphavAtaharar.n laghuh
Ar5asAm tu visesena hitam kAmagnidipanam" (Ma.pa'ni ') l
'fu6qrq: +-gsr €er ffirn T.q +'s-+tila fuff{sq I- (1.{.)
[,isatkasayah katuka ruksa vistambhino guravah kaphavatalal-,r pittaharasca"
(Su.S[.)]
"clcn rncml eonrooflrmp o1'Jlaerp a"ocootoflrn;o
ehollonaoils:lcoladccml oLluoo. otcrnlcogorl''
a,c5]cdcn oL1coo"u14lodr4rNcil1ccmgop cnlem'
coloEo" orcroo,ono coBmiffLioJcrflcncerol occocDo " (trlt'o-lc')
["Cena nannu kaphattinnur.n rucikkuqn dahanattinum
t35
Laghuvayitt ir ipponnu visadam tanumettavumKattucena visesiccumarsdassinnettavum gunamGulmam vatakapham medassityAdinanca nasanam. , (Gu.pa.l
Remarks:-I 'he wild varietl 'of this. r,unusttrenu. is said to be m6re effective rn thetreatment of haemorrhoids. But th is has lo be rvashed, boi led in but ter mi lkand dried a few times and thus purif ied be hrre use.
r36
Coll. No. AVS 1178
Anacardium occidentale Linn.
Anacardiaccae : (3{S- Sdq)
EngHin
KanMalSan
TamTel
Cashewnut treeDuk, Kaj[ ({E, 6q)
Gerumara, Turakag6ru (a(iJ-i'J a:=n';,)
Kadu m avu, Paranki mavu 1a,uo;acoi, .-roeo,locoi;
Vrkkabijah, VrkkaPhalah, Venamrah(Tdffi-#$I:, {cFF',rF-O,, +{|-g, )Muntiri (C+pBn)Gidimavridi (e9,1 :.;- '';:.)
Distribution: Cultivated and wild especially on the sea coast
The p lant : A smal l t rce wi th shor t , th ick. crookcd t runk: lcavcs largc.
obovatc. rounded at the apcx: in f lorescence terminal . longer than the
Ieaves; f lowers yellow. streaked with pink: fruits greenish grey. nuts
on yellow or scarlet f lesh Pedicel.Parts used: roots, bark, leaves' fruits
Properties and uses: The roots are consiclcre d purgative. The bark has
al terat ive propcr t ics and is used aktng wi th the in l lorescencc l i l r thc
t reatrncnt gt snakebi te. Thc bark ancl lcavcs arc usclu l in odonta lg ia
and ulit is. The gum l'ronl t l.tc bark is rccommcnde d in lcprosy'
r ingworm. curns and obst inate u lcers. Fru i ts are acr id. sweet .
thermogenic. aphrocl is iac. t r ichogenclus and anthelmint ic ' and are
useful in vit iated conditions o[ vutu and kttphu, skin diseases.
dysentery. haemorrhoicls and anorcxia' They are used for preventtng
hair loss and tO increase the growth of hai r . The kernels const l tu te a
highly nutr i t ious and concentrated food. A c lc l ic ious dr ink is a lso
der ived f rom the spongv thalamus.
"Tagd Tfifi-frq: 5u-qatQt €GIFF-{: I
oqgilit-qt{, g1q, ft4rq, friFr-o'qrf' ll" (€.)
[" Gucchapuspo vrkkabitah prthagibijo rujAkarah
Agnyahvo.fruskaraf ksudral-r snigdhah pitaphalah smfiah" (Sva')]
'ffiJq qffi fr+a, qirq-c{fq €," (€.)
["VenamroJtha bahirbijah pfoktah sophaharasca sah" (Sva')]
t31
Anacardium occidentale
mature fruit withf leshy tha lamus
I -ltt
"sr{ildi alv* lagwsa wtrfr rRrrqqtcq-d$q ytrrfft 61qEF-{: 1 (g1T.fr.)
["Kajutako vrltapatro gucchapuspasca paryatiSnigdhapltaphalascaiva prthagbijo hyarugkarah " (Sa. ni.)l
"Tq{€ot"-d(fui fd{ivrcs dq-o;t tgTq c5{ fr+'q as qq {RT{{t llsq-4rdEi qogktq rffirffi treryr Erc+-i qq rr3TF-+-o-(Sr-q-{-saur+B.<o-srfc5. -(t
{r@ srgkd g*qr +d-( s-diwtr( rrfk*{qffiEil rRrAqH riTpr, r
tq-q mqq qgi qeqetfrv<( tt
5.hq qiqq qcq qq etilss, 16l ra?TsRA dgrqi RK aq] duq, n6gFr€: tl
@,r" ( rs . )[' G unaif bhal latavat j fr eyam visesadasya bi'1akaqnSubhfstam madhuram shigdham hrdyam v!'9yam rasayanamKaphavataharam svasakasagh ha1n balapust i krtBiyasthitailamasaiva tiksnam dahakaram param
Agnivat sphotajanakam vranakledarujadikrtSusamskrtar.n sadhusiddham yu ktya caitat prayoi itam
Svitrakusthavisarpadin nadayennatra sansayahlsat kasayamadhuram phalamasya rucipfadamKrmighnam dipanam pathyam v!'gyam vatakaphapahar.nVenamrastvak kasayah syat tvacyo vp4yai.r kaphapahahVisakandukugthasopha6vitlavisarpana6anah (Sva.)l
"mrqiFr-€r Eqit qgt*t ql: {Ta: I
qrqgffi qrd+.${ed<<q{r{ rl
freunm tmr q +d-trc+1 |{iq-dgqfliilErqmttft +1fta, rr" (fr.r.)I Kaj[takastu tuvaro madhurosno laghuf-r smrtahDhatuvrddhikaro vatakaphagulmodarajvaranKrmivranagnimandyani kustha ca svetakusthakamSamg rahar;ryar5anahan nasayed iti kirttitah" (N i. ra.)l
r39
Coll. No. AVS 2410
Anacy clus pyrethrum DC.Asteraceae : (T{rKs-toQ
Distribution: Indigenous to north Africa, introduced into south Europe
The plant: A perennial, procumbent plant with numerous stems and
somewhat downy branchesi leaves radical, stalked, smooth,
pinnatisect into l inear, subulate segments, cauline leaves sessile;
branches one-headed, involucral scales lanceolate, acuminate, brown
at the edge, receptacle convex; ray flowers white, purplish beneath.
The fresh root is fusiform, fleshy and very pungent, producing a
sensation of cold followed by heat. When dry it is brownish
externally and whitish internally. It tastes hot, induces salivation and
causes a burning sensation in the stomach when ingested.
Parts used: rootsProperties and uses: Roots are acrid, astringent and are a valuable
sialogogue and regarded as a tonic to the nervous system. They are
anti-inflammatory,depurative and powerful irritant. A decoction of
the root is useful as a gargle in dental caries, odontalgia, pharyngitis
and tonsil it is. It is used to treat paralysis, hemiplegia, cephalalgia,
chronic ophthalmia, epilepsy, cholera, rheumatism and typhus fever.
Powdered root is given with honey for epilepsy. It is recommended
as a masticatory in vitiated vri'ta conditions of the face.
"srfrjrd q{dq, v#d, frt{s-r(6',, rermrcorqy*q tFceTrfr gtw+, tt" (e.)
f Agragrahi parastlaipll pfatikah pritikarakahAkarakarabhaScaiva phirangarl sutejanah" (Sva.)l
140
EngHin
KanMal
SanTam
Tel
PellitoryAkarkara (3itF-GF{r)
Akkalakara (erd*t-:dd)
Akki kkaru ka, Ak k;avu (6ra€o16oola,, croga,coi;
Ag rag rahT, Akarakarab h a h ( erqlrfi, 3lFFl-ts-{r{: )
Akkirakkaram, Akkalkara (aryiGlry6snqr-b, gldscisrqr)
Akardkaram u (erSo"565r:)
Anacyclus pyrethrum
(Courtesy: NBRI, Lucknow.)
t41
"3Tr6-rrsltT{+46'6qiljsr u,i6@5, l" (w.fr . )
['Afarakarona6caivakallakoJtha hyakallakah (Sa'ni')]
'+gftffild ica qftaWaq r
{EA{'TcT 6qqEaqasltFTr{l-{: ll
dfrq-*-tldq: {frfufl, E-&qf-( cq I
a-qc|d flT{Tki scm-.{|-{|aq gq( ll" (8.)
[" Katutiktosnaviryoisau mehaha vastisulahrt
Suklamitfamayan hanyaddantasulavinasanah
ViryastambhakaroJpyesat.r 5il itah kl ai byakrtparam
Tantranadim jfranasktim kramattannasayet dhruvam" (Sva')l
"3t-s-@citwil fr4q e-6fl og+1 rra, t
sid{qrzi q lM s ski +s ffi( l (fr.{.)
["Akallakosno viryep balakrt katuko matah
Prati6yayap ca sopham ca vatam caiva vinasayet (Ni'ra')l
142
Coll. 'No. AVS 2451
Anamirta cocculus (Linn.) Wight & Arn.(A.paniculata C o le b r.)
M e n i sp e rm ac e ae (T{fr - $-da
Distribution: Throughout India in forestsThe plant: A large,woody,climbing shrub with vertically furrowed ash-
coloured bark and glabrous young parts: leaves large, simple,alternate, long-petioled, petioles thickened at the base and apex,broadly ovate, subcoriaceous, cordate or truncate at the base, acuteor acuminate, 5-nerved with tufts of hairs in the axils of the nervesexcept the basal ones; f lowers greenish in long panicles, droopingfrom the nodes of the old wood; fruits drupes, kidney shaped,turn ing red on r ipening.
Parts used: leaves. fruitsProperties and uses: The fruits are bitter, astringent, thermogenic,
expectorant, antifungal, anthelmintic and depurative. They areuseful in vitiated conditions of kapha and vata, bronchitis,dermatophytosis, foul ulcers, inflammations, f latulence, chronic skindiseases and ringworm. The tender leaves are used by the tribals forthe contraction of the uterus immediatelv after deliverv.
"rrdr +-t+-qrfr s s'FFT{qr qrqqrfvrfir t
6rs-{rvfr fuqs-or q-d q-€-{rF{rq.t r' ({q.)
["Garala kakamari ca kakahva kakanasikaKakana6i viqaphala matsyaghni matsyanasika" (Sva.)l
'+rqqrfrq?i ftqri qqrftEi qE: Eq I
rffi{kot ftea Tfutr<hqr{r+( ttfnqqurrqsqT€-fiu-qsrnr+yrrl r
EngHinKanMal
SanTamTel
Levant berries, Fish berries, Crow killerKdkamdri (6rscft)Kdkamdri, Kdyamari (E-rgdroo. Erc$6J0)Polla, Kollakkdya, PEi{umarunnu(oolcgg, oa,cfloocc), corgloto]cm) ^Garalaphali, Kdkamdri (rrcam-o, FltFrTRt)Kdkamdri (snsLonrf)Garalaphal a, Kdki n icam pacettu (xo+ber, s-33;ol3t-3)
t43
Anamirta cocculus@r
,6",V,5,4 JammPU.h,,J"
t44
o.q-*tati ir*i Se-q"ra vtt r" (R.)
[" Kakamariphalar.n tikgrlar.n kasayognam katu smrtamRakta5uddhikaram tiktam kpijantuvinasakar.nSophavlarla5vasakasakandutvagdoqanasanamKaphavataharam proktam dus_tavrar.raharam param " (Sva.)l
145
Coll. No. AVS 2452
EngHinKanMal
SanTamTel
Ananas comosus (Linn.) Merrill(A.sativus Schulres f.)B rom e li ace u. 1 e1-jqrg -t-OA
PineappleAndnds 1ei-+r+rV)Anasahannu (e:txaoJKaitaccakka, Kappaccakka, Ananas(ooa,totdo, edtao, roammcm);
Anamnasam, Bahun6traphalam ( 3dfiFi, e-gi*q-olAnnd5ippalam (9166166rrFullpLb)
Annasapandu (ua"X:io;c)
- - ]
Distribution: Throughout India,cultivated
The plant: A herbaceous perennial with a short stout stem; leavesnumerous, spirally and compactly arranged. l inear-lanceolate,acuminate, margins spiny,toothed. shining on the upper surface,those subtending the inflorescence small, much reduced, reddish,heads terminal, ovoid, bracteoles reddish, numerous, triangluar-ovateto oblong-ovate, imbricate ; fruits composite. succulent, bearing acrown of leaves.
Parts used: fruits. leaves
Properties and uses: The. unripe fruits are sour. cooling, appetiser,digestive, anthelmintic, cathartic, cardiotonic, uterine tonic,emmenagogue and febrifuge. They are useful in vit iated conditionsof pitta, anorexia, dyspepsia, helminthiasis, constipation, cardiacdebil ity, haematemesis. sexually iransmitted diseases, amenorrhoea,dysmenorrhoea and fever.
The ripe fruits are sweet, cooling emollient, diuretic, carminative,digestive, cardiotonic, sudorif ic. styptic,l i thontriptic, antiscorbutic,febrifuge'and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of pitta,strangury, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic, hyperacidity, cardiac debility,haematemeSis, haemoptysis, jaundice, renal and vesicalcalculi,scabies, pruritus, fever and general debil ity.
The leaves are anthelmintic. abortifacient and emmenagogue, andare useful in induction of abortion. helminthiasis, amenorrhoea,dysmenorrhoea and whooping cough.
r46
o=ooEo(,o6coc
147
"siind cn-+fr qrd t" (fr.{.)
["Anarnnasap paravati camam kautukasamjfr akar.n " (Ni.ra.)]
€-€i 6a {otrq r*.qfuffii +q irfii qt=tqiT+.( |,{d rdd qr{rqfd ilfl-ri e6 frrcq r{€raqffi{s rryrifEFd drffiil( l" (fr.r.)
["Ananmasamapakvantu rucyam hfdyam gururmatamKaphapitttakaram caiva pfoktam cannamarocakamSramam klama4 na6ayati tatpakvam svadu pittahrtRasatapavikaramSca na6ayed iti kiftita4 " (N i. ra.)
-Sc-{u-o qrai ?frq ugr w1rq€?i qrdEi r-*i vaqai afti to l" ({r.q.)
[" Bahunetfaphalam caml am -Xrmign
nam mad huram saramBalyar.n vAtaharam rucyam slesmalam talpanam guru" (Ra.va.)l
"enti tr{Tqso q{qai gflT{t Irs,sq# kr$i rffi{+rrfl Rq( rl
'r{.srq6i s il( |.rfii q',o Rq {fti ga rmftr+1rrs{ffik+i 6a €d efiq+rfq rery{frgacv1oEi ffi sr{ rrvr-g vr+d ftlqm tqi FFftlfq-( t" (€.)
["Amam tvananasaphalam saramamlam sudipanamRajahpravarttakar.n snigdham raktastambhanakrt himamParantvatyupayogena gafbhaspvakaram ca tatPakvar.n phalam svadu 6ltam mutlalap raktarodhanamAgnidiptikarar.n hpyar.n svedanam tvagvikaranutASmarigulma6r.rlaghnam visadosaharam saramPatrap tu Sastar.n hidhmayam recanam krmirogajit" (Sva.)l
r 4tJ
Coll.No. AVS 1059
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex NeesAcanthaceae (qI{IT-5c{)
Distribution: Throughout India,in the plains, also in forests asundergrowth
The planf An erect, branched annual herb,0.3 m to 0.9 m in height withquadrangular branches; leaves simple, lanceolate, acute at both ends,glabrous, main nerves 4-6 pairs; flowers small, pale but blotched andspotted with brown and purple distant in lax spreading axillary andterminal racemes or panicles, calyx-lobes glandular pubescent,anthers bearded at the base; fruits linear capsules, acute at bothends; seeds numerous, yellowish brown, subquadrate.
Parts used: whole plant
Properties and uses: The plant is bitter, acrid. cooling. laxative, vulnerary,ahtipyretic, antiperiodic, anti-infl ammatory expectorant, depurative,sudorific, anthelmintic, digestive and stomachic. It is useful inhyperdipsia, burning sensation, wounds, ulcers, chronic fever,malarial and intermittent fevers, inflammations, cough, bronchitis,skin diseases, leprosy, pruritus, intestinal worms, dyspepsia,flatulence, colic, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhoids and vitiatedconditions of pitta.
-ffift, $16, q3frm, |+'{rfrfr, t
qilsfrdjqr{ffii TFrd {rqi-rr, r" (qT.e.)
["Kiratatiktah kairatah katutiktah kiratakal;tKandatiktoinaryati kto bhu n i ;bo ramasenakah " (Bha. pf'a.)l
EngHin
KanMalSanTamTel
Green chiretta, Kalmegh, Creat
Kdlam69h, Kalpadath (qtoiq, 6..Fr{rer)
Nelab6ru (doz*dt)
Nilav6ppu, Kiriydtta (crilercorg, o,1o1onoo;
Bhunimbah, Kirdtatiktah (Tf{Es ,, Ri{rilftram ,;
Nilavempu ($arGoribq)
N6lav6mu (JerJ:r)
r49
Andrographis paniculata
flower
*
fruit
, " , " [
150
"Bct{q : tf,{qss faqrrt-t Tfukqs' t6Rrfr firqqqin, r1ffiq$$, r" (er.c.)[" U pan i rirbah kunirirba5ca n issaro bh0mini mbakallKathito nimbaparyayaih bhumiparyayap[rvakaih" (A.ma.)]
'ffit |q, 6pgf,trm, fu-{kF6: I
TFrdrf{dfffiT-q ffi {rr+{6, r" (q.fi.)
[" Kiratati ktako haimah kandatiktah kiratakahBh0nimbojnaryatikta5ca kirato rAmasenakal]" (Dha.ni.)l
"futrd, {R-s} sq1, qfr66;ft6ffi1 qg, r
@ l
@ r " ( q T . e . )[" Ki ratah sarako rr.rksah sital asti ktako lagh ul;t
SannipatajvarasvasakaphapittasradahanutKasa6ophatrsakus!hajvaravra4aklmipra4ut" (Bha. pra.)l
"$d ercamr: 6rFfri*RI$E: I
Epgiiqur: q?4: Eu+uqRlils-3q l" ({.fr.)
[" Bhunimbo vata!astiktah kaphapittajvarapahal;tVranasamropanaf.r pathyah kusihakandutisophanut" (Ra.ni.)l
"Xtrd qn-afra-d quriquFnttr: I
11q, {frd, q?4qtt og Fq{qgIT6, ll
o.,i fifti qi SEi sqi{ts TfiRqI IqFqnqi flE {to tt qoi aen rr
vqd 6r{ q c-d {hi qRilJfi s\ r" tfr.r.)l"Bhunirirbo vatalastikto vranaropaqakarakafr ISarah 6itah pathyakaro laghu rukgastrsapahah
I
Kapham pittam jvarar.n kuslham kand[m Sopham kpinstatha
Sannipatajvaram daham sltlam mehaf v1a1am tatha
Svasam kasar.n ca ppdaram 5oCam cafsolrucim iayet" (Ni.ra.)l
"{iq, {frci Fsn ri ffi og, q{, tqrild, sqfrffs$E:i-6nrd Et( 11
@r" td . f r . )["Bhtnifibah 5ltalo ruXqo rase tikto laghuh sarahVatalah kaphapittaslakusJhamehapaho haretSvasakAsatrsadaharuci5ophalvaraklmin " (Kai. ni.)l
-Thd qrcdi sqt oqfu{q{Ertt t" ({t.e.)
[" Bh0nirhbo vAtalo rtrkSah kaphapittajvarapaha" (Ra.va.)]
qiriqd F€dfr Fftd qrd-s,fiq , r" (Ct.fi.)
151
["Sulapaho maladhvansi krmighno bAlakapriyah" (So.ni.)]
Remarks: Many Sanskrit treatises mention two kinds of 'kiratut ikta' viz.' bhunirhba' and'nEpalanirhba' andthese have been translated intoMalayalam as'ni lavEppu' and' kir ivatta' , respectively.Al l the commentaries on 'Bhavaprakasam
. 'Kaiyadevanighantu'. etc.. haveidentified kiratatikta as Swertia chirayita. None of these commentators havemade any mention about Andrographis paniculata. But Acarya P.V. Sharmain his 'Dravyagunavi j f lan' identi f ies bhunirhba as A.paniculala and assigns aSanskrit name kalamEgha to it. Bhunirhba, as we know it is one of thesynonyms of kiratat ikta. However, i t is to be noted that the same author hasgiven the Latin name Swertia chirayita to kiratatikta.Anyhow. it is worth mentioning that kirdtatikta or bhtnirhba has beencorrectly translated into Tamil as nilaveriryu.While in north India and some parts of Kerala S. chiralt i ta is the drug usedfor kiratatikta, in certain other parts of Kerala Andrographis paniculata(nilavVppu) is in use. However. throughout Kerala bhiniritba, one of thesynonyms of kiratat ikta has been for long wrongly translated into Malayalamas putt ir icunda (Solanum indicum)and used in formulations wherever theword bhuniritba occurs.
NEpalaniritba (Swertia chirayita)gets its name from the fact that it occursabundantfy in Nepal, while kiratatikta (Andrographis paniculata) isindigenous to India and grows plenti ful ly throughout.
152
Coll. No. AVS I39I
Anethum graveolens Linn.(Anethum sowa Roxb. ex DC.Peucedanum graveolens Linn. (in part))
Apiaceae t{mgqr-WQ
Distribution: Throughout India, cultivatedThe plant A glabrous aromatic annual herb, 30-90 cm in height with
hollow finely grooved stem, striped dark green and white with bluishspots; leaves compound, 2-3 pinnate, bluishgreen, segments fil iform,leafsheath surrounds the stem; flowers yellow, in flat compoundumbels; fruits narrowly winged, vittae large and conspicuous.
Parts used: fruitsProperties and uses: The fruits are acrid, bitter, thermogenic, deodorant,
digestive, carminative, stomachic, anthelmintic, anodyne'anti-inflammatory, diuretic, emmenagogue, galactagogue,expectorant, cardiotonic. anaphrodisiac, febrifuge, sudorific,antispasmodiq, antidysenteric, alexeteric and vulnerary. They areuseful in halitosis. flatulence, colic, dyspepsia. intestinal worms,odontalgia, arthralgia, inflammation, strangury, amenorrhoea,dysmenorrhoea, agalactia, hiccough, cough, asthma. bronchitis,spermatorrhoea, fever, ulcers, skin diseases, splenopathy'hepatopathy, uropathy, gleet, syphilis. haemorrhoids and cardiacdebility.
il{-{-szgd qq6 qggfurrqfuw'dr tt' (3{.rr.)
["MisiruddisJa ghoqa 6atapuspa setika SaSpa cetiKaravyrrtka!apugpi magadhi madhupugpikapyaticchatla" (A.ma.)l
"{rd5qr TkTr{qr s egn +nfl frfu, r
EngHin
KanMal
SanTamTel
Dill, Garden dill, Anet
Soya (ir+)Sabbasige (xqAd)Satakuppa (qoola,lg)Satapuspa ({rdgqr)
Satakuppi (eggulil)Sataku pp i vitt u I u (aosSrle*)
153
Anethum graveolens
154
3Tffi fud-s-{r {f€-dr 6ffi s il" (qT.e.)
["datapuSpa riatahva ca madhura karavimisihAtilambi sitachatra sarirnita chat;'ikapi ca " (Bha.pfa.)l
{Fdgqr q frfuffq1q dfrfir I3lird-{Jqerqqi qnr* +.t-d lvrn tr
6.{ s-Egqr 95fu+r r{rdrw {€-6T sqr{qr {rdqF6,r rra-+gqr TRgEsr g'r+ qwv6-+r r.F+Trfr-6rjtil€-{r a e-gtffi a1q-51 1r" (n.fr.)
["Satahve 6atapuspa ca misilghosa ca potiXaAhicchatralpyavakpugpi madhavi karavi sipha$amghatapatrika chatra valrapuspa supuspikaSataprasuna bahala puSpahva satapatfikaVanapuspa bhuripuspa sugandha sukgmapatrikaGandharikajticchatrA ca caturvinsati namaka" (Ra.ni.)l
"{rdgqr qcrrrir *-r5qrjfd-dx-6r ryfugr ffi+qm {qi<r qffifu, 1;- (w.fr.)
[" Satapuspa su ksmapatra pitapuspaitichatrakaPrasidd ha kgetravikhyata dipanokta maharsibhih " (Sa. n i.)l
oqwn 6gq-r qr* +q-qrdFw€h r3r=rrr+16{I Fq {tr6'dFr+rrfl fufu, 1" (q.fr.)
["Laghusna katuka pake kaphavatanibarhaniAnnagandhahara rucya sakasaugandhyada misih " (Ma.ni.)l
"{rdgqr ogdn'utT fu+5q ffi q:, rswn@1' (qT.c . )["Satapuspa laghustTksna pittakft dipanl katuhU9r1a jvaranilaslesmavrana6[laksirogahrt" (Bha.pra.)]
"{Inr(st ogm ft-mr krdwn VMwq rq{+f,cuTqtR qfra-+dfu vst rrrrdgElrE-d +fii qq oftnSerfwq rqrad *qi Rei ft--t-f-(€tqq1q-6R l' (q.fr.)
[" Satahva kat u ka ti kta snigdhogqra 5legmavataj itJvaranetravranan hanti vastikarmani SasyateSatapuspadal am coktam vfsJam rudh i ragulmaji tVataghnar.n dipana1n stanyam pittakrt rucidayakam " (Dha. ni.)l
"yrdgqr sgRilqRT fiq{ilsn ffi oE, r
t55
fut-al +q-ffid icqT frrqt qrlqgl ll
t+tR qts<r€rfR@qqq r" <d'ft'lf'satapuspa kalustikta tlkqnosna dipani laghuh
Pittal- kaphavAtaghni medhya snigdha jvarapaha
Nihanti suladahdksirogatrsnavamivrar.ran" (Kai'ni ') l
fiffidT oEd ta-+ar +'-<qffi t
e5un ieqr qfra-fidq{rRl 65qlm 11
ski wi q qu q trtrr;i q nsra-( t3lr{d qgir q soi +q ffi( l" (fr.r.)
['satahva pittala laghvi tikta katvagnidipani
Usna medhya vastikarmapradasta kaphanasini
Vatam jvaram ca sulam ca yonisulam ca nasayet
Adhranut caksurogam ca vranam caiva vinasayet" (Ni'ra')]
"rt-dr{dr g +gkftr fuiqr vMcerq( t
q{M q qfta-q4trr {rsA lr" ({r.fr.)
[ 'datahva tu katustikta snigdha 6lesmatisaranut
Jvaranetravranaghni ca vasti karmar.ri sasyate " (Ra' n i')]
{rdSqr ogdwn FmEgffi *-g, r
s6ur@l l " (c .c l . f r . )
['Satapuspa lagh ustiksna pittakrddipani ka!ul;t
Ugna jvaranilaSlesmavrana6ulaksirogajit (Ma'pa'ni ') l
"Irdrqq{ 4q-drfld ercrfrRraldfl t
frqoiFrn rgqr vr* t-qr fimrffifi rr" (fr.fr.)
f 'satahva kaphavatarsa amatisara6ulanut
Tiksnosna katuka pake rucya pittagnivarddhani' (So'ni')l
.6)o14;4,4[olcdccm] d(')6,]do)]os coffDo
micnl<iricuocol;"'democorlg 91 a,^n.llrorDo.tlcncuDmo
oll glqplcm gollo cDrrn) olmSorl<n;corororlcD){6rDoo ( cnl''lc' )
I Ericcukacciripponnu catakuppayute rasar.n
Snigddhamayusnamayul I u kaphapittavinadanam
Tippunnine{{avum nannu vastigulmattinuttamam " (Gu'pa')]
156
Coll. No. AVS 1481
Anisomeles malabarica (Linn.) R.Br.Lamiaceae (EaS-Wq)
Distribution : Throughout south lndia (Deccan plateau)The plant : An erect shrub about 1.8 m in height with obtusely tetragonous
and softly white-tomentose stems and branches; leaves simple,opposite, very thick. aromatic. pblong-lanceolate, acute, pale above.white below, crenate-serrate, softly woolly; f lowers purple, in densewhorls df more or less interrupted spikes: fruits nutlets, ell ipsoid,compressed, the inner face slightly angular, the dorsal rounded,smooth. brown.
Parts used : whole plantProperties and uses : The plant is acrid, bitter aromatic. intellect
promoting, stomachic, anthelmintic, febrifuge and sudorif ic. It isuseful in halitosis. epilepsy. hysteria, amentia, anorexia, dyspepsia.
. colic, f latulence, intestinal worms, fever arising from teething inchildren. intermittent fevers, vit iated conditions of vata and kapha,gout, swell ings and diarrhoea.
Efrq< F6r*vr, RErit i-+fa-etn rM fiqqT q qqq+cfrg q6, rr" (3r.e.)
['Trtiyastu mahadronah stambho devakrlastathaVaikuntho vanajanma ca vranakltaripuh smrtafi" (A.ma.)l
"3{qT +s wrd"n tnrer *r5&n rftFrgqi F{rM t-+firu-sr s-srE+qr rr" (n.fr.)f 'Anya caiva mahadrona kurumba devapurvaka
Eng
Hin
Kan
Mal
San
Tam
Tel
Malabar catmint
COdhdrd (AqRr)
Karitumbi (do$o8,)
Kari ntum pa (a,olotrr)cru)
Vaikunthah, Mahddronah (+tlrd,, qtr*q')
P6yimarutti, P6ydmeratti (GuurLrqSL-rE, Guu-LnGLDf L+)MogabirAku (rux8o"s)
157
abaricaAnisomel:il"'
Mffifruit ing calyces
JW4K
i^^[c@nutlets
158
Divyapuspi mahadroni devikanQa Sadahvaya ' (Ra.ni.)l
"ffi rcfr-qdr ieqr qrdTffiTr{( r
ssrTr€nr€T ft g-** crrc{itri rr" ({T.fr.)[' Devadroni kat usti ktA med hy- vatartti bhutan utKaphamAndyapaha caiva yuktya paradasodhane ' (Ra.ni.)l
"5Eq{ i-€ETi qk+.rvlut*cvt1r" (€.fi.)
[ 'Kutumbaram tatsadrsam sOtikasulajitparam' (Hr.pri.)]
"o,o1ao;cuor Jdlor*. ol'lcso"ejcc; o;oJla,5ai'"-ro"." ( <n J.alo. )
f'Karintumpayumivannam vi6esat rucikrtparam" (Gu.pA.)l
r59
Coll. No. AVS 1687
Annona squamosa Linn.Annon ace ae (iFIE(r -Tda
EngHin
Kan
Mal
SanTamTel
Custard apple, Sugar apple
Sitiphal fful
Sitdphala ('q,sader)
Sitappalam, Attaccakka (crdlocga", Grg<oto4ao)
Sitdphalam <d-cmetlSitAppalam (S$gnuupLb)
Sitdapandu (5er-bo6:)
Distribution : Throughout India, cultivatedThe plant : A small tree about 6.0 m in height; leaves simple, alternate,
bifarious, oblong-lanceolate or ell iptic obtuse, glabrous above,
lateral nerves 8-11 pairs ascending, f lowers yellowish green, solitary,
leaf-opposed or 24 on short extra axil lary branchlets, sepals andpetals three each; fruits yellowish green, globose with well marked
areoles easily breaking into large pieces; seeds hard, brownish black,
smooth.Parts used : roots, leaves, fruits, seedsProperties and uses : The roots are powerful purgative, and are useful in
mental depression and spinal disorders. The leaves are suppurativeand insecticidal, and are useful in destroying l ice, proctoptosis in
children and as a poultice to produce suppuration. The fruits are
sweet, haematinic, cooling, sedative, stimulant, expectorant,maturant and tonic. They are useful in anaemia, burning sensation,vitiated conditions of pitta, vomiting, cough, malignant tumours, and
for strengthenihg muscles. The seeds are abortifacient andinsecticidal and are useful in destroying l ice in the hair.
"{lils?t rro-eTn=i iifr+ori arn r
twrdci qfitr@qT{q q5d-q-q rr" (vfr.ft.)
f'sltaphalam gandagatfaf vaidehivallabham tathaKrsnabijam cagri makhyamatfpyan bahubijakar.n " (Sa. ni.)l
160
Annona squamosa
v.s. of f lower
fruit showing seeds
r6 l
"afti rmt-q eg {ft-@i as+s q ra-o< crs5'-(sTe{ftfrnqudE.( n" (w.fr.)[afpanan raktakrt svadu sitalam hrdyameva caBaladam mansa(t daharaktapittamarutpranut" (Sa.ni.)l
"ffi g qg{ {frd aei qoe-q( rarcai +u-Eq et5 Sfuf-( frnfiT{t l" (fr.{.)f'Sitaphalam tu madhuram Sitam hrdyam balapradamVatalam kaphakrt svadu puslikrt pittana5anam" (Ni.ra.)l
t62
Coll. No. B.S.I. (S.V) 10886
Anogeissus latifulia (Roxb. ex DC.)Wall. ex Guill & Perr.Combretaceae (effi-g.da
Distribution : Throughout India,in deciduous forestsThe plant : A large deciduous tree upto 30 m in height with a clear bole of
15 m and with greenish or greyish white smooth bark exfoliating inirregular thin scales; leaves ell iptic or suborbicular. obtuse at theapex, rounded or sometimes cordate at base. glabrous when fullygrown, midrib prominent, pink, main nerves G10 pairs arching,prominent on the lower side, leaves turning red before fall ing;flowers sessile in small dense heads; fruits small, many in a globularhead, yellowishbrown, winged, beaked with the persistent calyxenclosing a single seed.
Parts used : roots, bark, leaves, fruitsProperties and uses : The roots are astringent, acrid, thermogenic and
stomachic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and vata,and abdominal disorders. The bark is astringent, acrid, cooling,vulnerary, anti-inflammatory, urinar:y astringent, haemostatic.constipating, depurative and rejuvenating. It is useful in vit iatedconditions of kapha and vata, wounds and ulcers, inflammations,diabetes, haemorrhages, haemoptysis, diarrhoea, dysentery.haemorrhoids, skin diseases, leprosy, hepatopathy, erysipelas,ophthalmia and general debil ity. The leaf.juice is good forotopyorrhea. The fruits are acrid, astringent, sweet, cooling andconstipating. They are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha andpitta, diarrhoea and dySentery.
"trq Efr {FrcRT: sq6qrlqgrwit dR, r
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Axle woodDhavd, Dhaurd, Bdkali (Tqr, dRI, qtrd)
Dinduge (aodrrl)Vel lanava, M al u k kd fr fr i ram (oo€gcDor, ovloeiceroroflo. )Dhavah (efq,)Vellanagai, Vellanamai (Goroirorrpcos, Glaroiron,bcolD)Cerimdnu, Sirikarra (-EJt'Jr, 30sW)
L63
ry
t @
ItiTs''€, fua-{qi qqti, ct"g{tiR l" (si.c.)
["Dhava iti Sakataksah syat kagayamadhuracchado gaurah
Svetaphalah sitavfkph paryayaih pandurasceti" (A.ma.)l
"rr* rrd +<iro, frrt ifrt gr+n , t' (r{T.e.)["Dhavo dhalo nandataruf,r sthiro gauro dhurandharah" (Bha.pra.)]
"tld aco,lft, qq1ri1 qgaqq, I
{l+4lQl,qugeof+a, qrrgit Tq t" ({r.fr.)
[' Dhavo drdhatarurgaurah kagayo madhuratvacah
Suklavlkgah papQutaruldhaval ah panduro nava " (Ra. n i.)l
"ffi: {frif: qM,qTo-gfrtrfiwtr€' rqg{qqrRs wo v ugi {{ffi il" (qr.e.)
["Dhavah sitah pfamehar6ahpandupittakaphapahahMadhurastuvarastasya phalam ca madhuram manak" (Bha.pra.)]
"cttrFg gq{: {ft-dt egr, *3d qa, t
frtriI €Ff-( $q qF-gMEff( rr
+.qffi 41955, qfiqlft6, 11qd qrq flr+ eq sH a E+q ril( 1;
is qra-di +qfir<k( |
{o o36sn a @w q{t 11" 1fr.1.y
["Dhavastu tuvarah sito madhurall katuko matahDipano rucikrt caiva pandurogapramehajitKaphapittar6avatanam naSakah pari kirttitahPhalam casya himam svAdu rukgam ca tuvaram matamMalastambhakaram caiva vatalam kaphapittalitMIlam katukasayam ca pittakrddipanam param" (Ni.ra.)]
"Sm-dcdrfr q +.qmqgt l6c, rqTo-gttqqrrFl: +crMt trs, l" (c.fr.)
[" Surasavopayogi ca kasayamadhuro himahPandumehaplasamanah kaphapittaharo dhavah" (Ma.ni.)l
ffi: ifi{pf: qgo, oqdtjfru+rvn, r
fiRe-+1qsfr t-d+r fdim fiq4, qq, r" ({r.F.)
["Dhavah kaqayah katukah kaphaghnolnilanadanahPittaprakopano rucyo vijfreyo dipanah parah" (RA.ni.)l
il{i r65
"sqq gil: vfrd qgt iEqru-gdr Iq's'fufrci, a+q q-o Fsg ssrq+.( tlloi s-ei g5 Rltfr qroai mqfirnk( " (*. fr I["Dhavastu tuvarah riito madhuro mehapanduhaKaphapittaharam, tasya phalam svadu kasayakamHimam ruksap guru stambhi vatalam kaphapittajit" (Kai.ni.)l
166
Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker(Amoora rohituka (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.)
Meliaceae (t+w-5o{)
Distribution : Throughout lrtdia,in evergreen forestsThe plant: A medium to large sized tree, 18-25 m in height with a
cylindrical bole and a heavy crown, bark greyish brown to darkbrown, rough, exfoliating in circular flakes, wood reddish brown,leaves large, imparipinnate, leaflets opposite,9-111 in number,elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate. acuminate, glabrous on both
surfaces; male flowers numerous in axillary panicles, female orbisexual flowers larger than male in axillary or supra-axillary solitaryspikes; fruits globular, smooth, yellow when ripe, opening by3-valved: seeds with scarlet aril.
Parts used : bark. seedsProperties and uses: The bark is acrid, astringent, bitter, vulnerary,
digestive, anthelmintic, depurative, urinary astringent, ophthalmicand refrigerant. It is useful in splenomegaly, liver disorders, tumour,ulcer, dyspepsia, intestinal worms, skin diseases, leprosy, diabetes,ophthalmopathy, jaundice, haemorrhoids, burning sensation,rheumatoid arthritis and leucorrhoea. The seeds are acrid,refrigerant, laxative, anodyne and anthelmintic. They are useful inulcers, ophthalmopathy, otopathy, myalgia, skin diseases, intestinalworms, burning sensation and vitiated conditions of. vata.
"nffi iR-rqit irfr ErBqgqn,"["Rohitako rohitako rohi dddimapugpakaf" (Bha.pfa.)]
"ndrdr tfee+rqq ifea,
SRnetFcllsrgqiias,
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Rohituka treeHarin-hdrd rfu-eRrMullumuntala (ube4drodu)Cemmaram (oormoo)R6hitakah $rfrr*,)Malampuluvan, Semmaram (r-oourbS6vamdnu (r":JJ:-,$)
L-lporctrr, GeLbuoryLb)
t67
o
oo
fo:oo.ox.Eog6
CL
l6tt
{lqIl-!p: q q EzTn€rTro-t*tqq' {ni'qld+} r-drq{q :
€FI{el, {+iltF{d, fudgq, frtr{+q,
Rrtqrr, {EdtHr oefrqr{ "fiftf@r{: l' ({t.fr.)
[" Rohitako rohitakasca rohitahkusalmalirdadimapuspasamjfr akahSadaprasunah sa ca kutasalmalir-virocanah salmaliko navahvayahSaptahvah svetarohitah sitapuspah sitahvayahSitangah suklarohito laksmivan janavallabhah' (Ra.ni.)l
"tffi irft-dqir iA <rfrrTggrs I
t{Tr€cfu, vnefosil tq+, {a{ncqfu, rraffgq' {(lgq} {frq: Efr6{f{H: I
frfrq, f6gqsq ffi ffu6q-euT rrq{R*rdl gril drsrit oefr Tffi"q | " (S.ft.)
["Rohitake rohitako rohi dadimapuspakahKusalmalih salmaliko rocanah k[tasalmalihRaktapuspal;r sadapugpo raktaghnah plihanasanahDvitiyah svetapuspasca rohi rohitakastathaKsarayogyo yugo yojyo laksmi sarvajanapnyah" (So.ni.)l
"frfr66, q;M o-rit r*q-{5q{, | (r{r.9.)
["Rohitakah plihaghati rucyo raktaprasadanah" (Bha.pra.)]
"irfrd-+) zrf-(qfi-6rJ(fr((6{: TI{: tltr irfi-a-orqrq: +-{Eqqq qf,( rlsuiir4-6i +q ffi'rF*+rVq | " (q.fi.)
['Rohitako yakrtplihagulmodaraharah sarahSveto rohitakascanyah kattrsnamubhayam smftamKarnarogaharam caiva visavegavina6anam" (Dha.ni.)]
i1fr6en, 4fu+a: gQu{: s6s-dkq( |
@, 1
@,r r(ff il{Ttd-a s$ aqqqrq4, 11qvf+-r@rq"i €-qq sddqfr{.fi, t)" (+.fr.)
["Rohitakah katustiktah sarogph kaphavatanutPl ihodarayakrdg u I mamarrsamedovisapahahBhutAnahavi bandhasrakapha5rl larujapahah(PlIhanam nasayedrohi stanyo raktaprasadanahKarnakakhyamayar.n hanyat saryavlananigudanah") (Kai.ni.)l
1 6 9
"id-d-s-dzi fu'-i Udt s.g+ rq r.{irs{Trd ffi {fu q si q-61 11
@rfui tdo"i yr+5eufrawr+1 rrsd fu{+i qri q fr rp v nvtq r3irrr€ Te-ffn q qrwtfcft +iftrd\ r" (F.{.)["Rohitakadvayam snigdham tuvaram katukar.n matamRaktaprasadanam tiktam sitalam ca saram matamKrm i pliharaktadosavranakarnarujapahapVisam net;'arujam gulmayakrtkaphavinasanamVatam vibandhap mansam ca medam 5ulam ca nasayetAnaham bhr-rtabadha ca na5ayediti kirttitam (Ni.ra.)l
"nfi-d-d 6-gfr{'dr mqrdr q gvn-d-dr r
@ l " ( { r . f r . )["Rohitakau ka!usnigdhau kasayau ca suditalauKrm idosavrar.rapliharaktanetramayapahau " (Ra. ni.)l
"ffi65, vt 5rl-5qd+<rvt, l"(q.fr.)
["Rohitakah saro gulmayakrtplihodarapahah" (Ma.vi.)]
"nd?si1 ,cqr" (s \ . f r . )["Rohitako yakrtpl ihagulmodaraharah param" (So.ni.)]
Remarks : In Kerala. rohttakary is identified as Aphanamixis polystachya.
Dr. Koman (1919). however. is of the opinion that the bark of this plant does
not have the effect on the spleen to the extent reported. Hence, further
research is needed to confirm this identity.
In north India it is the bark of Tecoma undulata which is used for
rohitaka.'The Ayurvedic Formulary of India' says that Aphanamixis
polystachya can be used as a substitute for this.' Rajanighaltu' , ' Dhanvantarinighantu', and'Nighanturatnakaram'
describe two kinds of rohitakam. Some identify these two as two different
drugs under the botanical names Tecoma undulata and Aphanamixis
p o ly stachya ( Amoo ra ro h itu ka ).
1 7 0
Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.Thymeleaceae (wgu-1q)
Aloe wood, Eagle woodAgar (eF5q;K risnd gdru (douo*rtdr)Akil, Kdrakil (Groa,'IroE, a,coa,loE)Aguruh, Krsndguruh (3T1€: SwI?I€')Agar, Agalicandandm, Krsnaguru( gt*ti, g{s661+$g6nLb, GtqDcr+6rilr gqg)Krsndgaru (s*,\br)
EngHinKanMalSanTam
Tel
Distribution : In the forests of Bhutan, Bengal, Assam and MyanmarThe Plant: A large evergreen tree about 21 m in height and 1.5-2.+ m in
girth with somewhat straight and fluted stem; leaves l inear-lanceolateto ovate-oblong, 5-9 cm long, silky glossy and faintly paralrel nerved;flowers small, greenish on very slender pilose petioles in shortlypeduncled umbels. on younger branchlets, perianth about 5 mmlong, slightly hairy outside, stamens alternate the perianth, f i lamentsred at the apex, ovary tawny-tomentose; fruits slightly compressed,yellowish tomentose capsules.
commercially used fragrant-resinous agar wood is formed in theinterior of the'old tree. The tree contains plenty of oleoresin and hasirregular dark patches. The wood burns with a tright f lame giving offa pleasnt smell.
Parts used : Fragrant resinous wood and oilProperties and uses : The wood is acrid. bitter. thermogenic. digestive,
carminative. deodorant, sudorif ic. anodyne, anti-inflammitory, anti-leprotic, depurative, cardiotonic. rejuvenating and tonic. It is usefulin vit iated conditions of vata and kapha, halitosis. dyspepsia,anorexia, caridac debil ity. skin disease. leprosy, foul ulcers,hypothermia, inflmmations, rheumatoid arthrit is, cough, asthma,hiccough, albuminuria and general debil ity. An external applicationof agaru is very useful in vomiting in children, pectorargia d^ue topneumonia and cephalalgia.
The oil is astringent, acrid, bitter, thermogenic. depurative,alexeteric and anti leprotic. It is useful in vit iated .ondition, of vataand kapha, rheumatoid arthritis, cough, asthma. bronchitis, leprosy,skin diseases and foul ulcers.
n l
Aquilaria agallocha
single stamen withscale behind
172
"ii-ETsqg€ q{r{r qrr{ rfl-dRrrs rrqfr rTNltiF dr€ srqTfuqrd qrg€ g-dq il"(3{.c.)I Jongakamaguru varangam canaryam sitasivakam bhavatiKrsnaguru loham syat krmijagdham caguru pravaram" (A.ma.)l
w5o l-+i dl€ {rqT€ zirrc aqr reiffi Tfrii qrfr 1,fuq'qqrrdq l (qT.e)["Aguru pravaram loham rajarham yogajam tathaVamSikam krmijam capi krmijagdhamanaryakam' (Bha.pra.)l
Twn55 RtflJ5 Vqrn frqsqot tqfrq sror5s +vli qg-s TEFfiI€q,1rlWr€ q-wt :r+r{rds Er<{n{sq{ | " ({r.fr.)
["Kpryaguru syadaguru sfngaram visvarupakamSifSam kalaguru kesyam vasukam krsnakaslhakamDhuparham vallaram gandharajakam dvada5ahvayam" (Ra.ni.)l
"FwnT€ t€qsi qtqr+ fqqsq+n rerrro ysi dn tkq'qqrd6{ rrrrq-€ il€q cfui +.r&i $fs og r- (+.f{.)[" Krsnag uru h sreslhavrkso jongakam vi Svar[ pakamAguru pravaram lauham krmijagdhamanaryakamRajarham tacca malinam kaleyam sirsakam laghu" (Kai.ni.)l
"ssr-+mltro-6{, grr+i Tq-*FFF: I
Tq* {cqc aenlTs, r ' (q. F.)
[" Usnaviryolnilaharah sugandho dhupayogikahLepanodvartane yukto dhImapane tathaJguruh" (Ma.ni.)]
"slJ€wr EE iq-ai ffi frs{i q frt-ot rog s.qifRrqd $-6q65ry9q rr
T*I lvTlftrs a'g otd.{frfi rqfr r3:I{F!IrR, *t, lwffgu-.qq,qd, l
- (qr.C.)
["Agurrlsnam katu tvacyam tiktam tlksnam ca pittalamLaghu kamaksirogaghnam sitavatakaphapranutKfqnam gunadhikam tattu lohavadvari majjatiAguruprabhavah snehah krsnagurusamah smrtah" (Bha.pra.)l
fuid qnqistcq r
{Fdidoq €R qqq-€q tB-&.rq l"(q.fr.)
[" Ka!utiktosnamaguru snigdham vatakaphapahamSptinetrarujaq hanti mangalyam kusthanut param" (Dha.ni.)l
173
T5uITT5 d{wlq'q ffi Aq s {fl-dd( |
cri fiffifl ffiq-(trdqqEsTe-q r '
({r.fi.)
["Krsnaguru katusnafrca tiktam lepe ca sitalamPane pittaharan kifrcit tr idosaghnamudahftam' (RA.ni)l
Tsrqf5, e'gftd-+-dds!ilwr, frq6} 69, 1
@rrTrsr, qqqqt€: dl€-dq-qi qA I3Tf6 Ilrtd: lit, T-w6559q, qa, tt 1d.fr.)
["Krsnaguruh katustiktastikgnognah pittalo laghullKamaksirogatvagdosasitavatakaphap!'anutKfqnah pradhanamaguruh lohavanmajjate jale
Aguruprabhavah snehah krsnagurusamah smrtah (Kai.ni.)l
'3I56-q grrtrr, trflSerkft: gg: {if: I
ftTdl c-q'rd-d €-€d WdFry-q fufld, ll
frq{t emq'ql rfr q-oii*o-qm6, r
gETr{F6-{: il-fiil aq std-t} {q, il" (fr.r.)
["Agurustu sugandhih syadusnastiktah katuh smrtahSnigdho mangalado rucyo dhupayogyasca pittalahTiksno vatakaphau hanti karnanetrarujapahaf.rKusthanasakarah pfokto lepe codvartane subhah" (Ni.ra.)l
'3r'J5ffidEk-4dsgssrqr gqdvrvilq-{r, Tfu-
6q-sBrfuo€{rrsr " ( {.{.)["AgurusarasnehastiktakatukasAyah dustavranadodhanahkrmikaphakusthanilaharasca' (Su. S[.)l
"ona,1et;"demooo'lg;[g;. adlg]. offuocar) orolo
micrr'l<.ridcr.locoi5|olegccm; a,^aoLcronrlmcuoa,A(d.
Lol(rcff)o a,coa,'lerc; DorDp L\o a;.rdornctrorn.
or c (o cf l(d|lD a,o-ocfo Jcfi u a, c cru 4,6 ep c a,v1 c o ccn giltti
LUOo*otBBOgCcTDCGOCCTD]6rBCOCelC(rOlcDCcrOCCCUrd." ((r].orC.)
["Akilusnamericcittum kaccittum rasamayvarumSnigddhamayitt ir ipponnu kaphavatavinadakrtPradhanam kArakilatu mangalyam kusthanadanamV€tapittakaphasvAsakasakarnakgi rogaj itSramaklamannal ennoronnuntayalasu nasayet. " (Gu. pa.)l
Remarks:'Ayurvedic Materia Medicas' mention two kinds of aguru viz. ky;4aguru
and svetaguru (the black and white varieties. respectively)' In several parts
of south India the white variety (Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex Hiern) is
in use. But it is the black variety, i.e. Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., that has to
be used as aguru, as it possesses all the properties mentioned in the text-
175
Coll. No. AVS 2453
Arachis hypogaea LinnFabaceae' (eTq{RdT-toQ
Distribution : Throughout India, cultivatedThe Plant : A branched hairy annual herb with erect branches trail ing on
the ground; leaves compound, pulvinate, 8-12 cm long, leafletsoblong to obovate, entire; flowers yellow, axillary, fascicled; fruitspods, ripening underground, leathery containing 1-3 seeds; eachseed with a thin brown seed-coat and two fleshy white cotyledonsr ich in o i l and prote ins.
Parts used : seeds. oilProperlies and uses : The seeds are sweet, oleagenous, aphrodisiac,
galactagogue, constipating and tonic and are useful in agalactia,diarrhoea and general debil ity. The oil is sweet, purgative ancemollient, and is used in nephropathy and dislocated joints.
"kF-trt Tdurs,r+orq.il GFT-SsF6: I
1*fs {T-<TdJq quF6, fudqfs, l (Ft.)
[" Dvitribijo bhr.rcanakah snenadhayo raktabijakahBhuvaci. 5abdapifvojyam canakah sitas[pakah] " (Sva.)l
{RTk-fl Tft-#wr fr#er rffisfir rq!-sfr Tkqr TRrr dqr Wurs.r qdr il" ({rT.fr.)
t" Bhu6iritika raktabija tribija snehabijakaMandapi bhumija bhustha tatha bhucanaka smrta" (Sa.ni.)l
'e-dgfu6i dq qgr, vtri I€, 1
Fqf1 tdtjiq-dt q6ffiq5-q, qq rl
176
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Groundnut, Peanut, MonkeynutMring-phali ttq-u.oiltrtltaf aoat i (h(erddO)N i lakkatala (crile.leiser ;Bh0canakah, Mandapi (1+ut+r, qu-gfr;
V6rkkatalai (Goritisr-*cocu)VEru6enagal u (Jo:,:,sxer)
(uo(EE')oCL
.9(,G
.l "t
efu ngr €d k'ri ffi qcl rir{qrR rifr-<q qqr€ a-"q ffiq n (R.)
[" Balapusj i karo hyep mad h u rah paramar.n g u ru hVigta;bhi dunjaroJtyaflham Sleqmapittakarah paramTattailam madhuram rucyam snigdham recanakar.n smrtamDoSaduEyadi samcintya yatharham tacca yojayet" (Sva.)l
"qu-sfr qg{I krqt qrda;r q'w+Tfr+r rqrFe*r e-dqEdrq iri?t ilgq qfr( n " ({n.fr.)
["Mandapi madhura snigdha vatala kaphakarika
Grah i ka baddhavarcca6ca tattailap tad gunam smrtam " (Sa. ni.)l
t79
Coll. No. AVS 2454
Areca catechu Linn.Arecaceae : (1n-+'oq1
Distribution : Cultivated throughout IndiaThe plant : A tall slender unbranched palm with a crown of leaves, stem
annulate; leaves pinnate with a conspicuous sheath; flowers inspadix, male many at the upper portion, female much larger and fewat the base; fruits 3.8 - 5 cm long, smooth, orange or scarlet whenripe.
Parts used: roots, leaves, fruitsProperties and uses : A decoction of the root is a reputed cure for sore
lips. The juice of tender leaves is mixed with oil and is used as anembrocation in cases of lumbago. The nuts are used either raw orcured. They are cooling, astringent, diur.etic, digestive, anthelmintic,aphrodisiac, nervine tonic and emmenagogue. They are useful inurinary disorders, anorexia and general debility. In veterinarymedicine, they are employed as a vermifuge especially for tapeworm. Chewing of nuts facilitates salivation and prevents decay ofteeth: but its continued use blackens and loosens them. The constantuse of this nut might result in oral carcinoma. The juice of tendernuts in small doses is a good laxative. The burnt nut is often used asdentifrice.
"{q, rid ffir dtuaq-ow r}qwo, Izfrs, ggt'q€, oroqtgqroqo girfr rr
1tfr ltmorE, drqosofs qF*'ilm, t" (3r.c.)
["P[ga[ slanrsi cikko ghontaphalasca gopaphalahGopah kaidaryaphalah kalatvagguvakaphala udvegiPtlgi p0gaphalahvah tambllaphala6ca patt ikah proktaf.r " (A. ma.)]
180
EngHinKanMal
SanTamTel
Arecanut tree, Betelnut treeSuparl tgqr0lAdike (erad)Kavunng, Kamunnu, Kamuku, Ataykkamarar.n
1a,o;cori, a,alecri, a,o;d, roroso)aeicoo.;Pugal;r (At,)Pakkumaram (undgLoryLir)Vakka, POka (rsL_,ifs)
catechu
female f lower
outer perianth offemale flower
inner perianth offemale f lower
v.s. of female f lower,
,iffild
male f lower
ru@^
n4@#i.n* ot
W;;;v.s. of fruit
1 8 1
qF-{I {m s Trr{q 1-4FF: s'Ts-€l s I
u.o {'frs-d rc'i q ilfrf(il1ll "(ril.c.)
["Ghonta pigi ca p[ga6ca guvakah kramukasya caPhalam p[giphalam proktamudvegam ca tadirita1n " (Bha.pfa.)]
"Trrql Trrlcrrq *g+1<ldvnv, r
ffidc{aqe,ftqffiTqq gt+fd, tl
Trq |ffi i{ffir fq-ffiui Iraq{FF aefi |
s*i flfnv,o id TTsd <g rr" (n.fr.)["Prlgastu p[gavrksa6ca kramuko dit'ghapadapahValkatarurdr{haval kasci kkana6ca munilmatafPugastu cikkani cikka cikkanam SlakSnakam tathaUdvegam kramukaphalam jfreyaq pugaphalam vasu" (Ra.ni.)l
"6,qrmgr qR irqi frefiIo, r1'r-5 guffi,t+aqrvq "(q.fr . )[" Kasayamadhuram bhedi rocanar.n mohakrd guruhP[gantu mukhavairasyamaladaurgandhyanasanam " (Ma.ni.)]
"q-fr eCrtT-(TI 6sr{i e6 na-+1r+s|rfti ser s€{Bscom6( u " (q.fr.)["Bhedi sammohakfl p[gar.n kasayam svadu rocanamKaphapittaharam ruksam vaktrakledamalapaham" (Dha.ni.)l
"Tqlls.rs Frqtd fEc, {srt6i 1€, Ihqrt dtqoem, qffi 4aqfos6, 11*fr a rgn t-ql 6qFrT6T ogttqr Iqcar q ssqrdd qrR-d.r 5€-itq-fl rr " ({r.fr.)
["P[gavrkgasya niryaso himah sarhmohano guruhVipake sognakakqarah sailo vatagnapittalahSeri ca madhurA rucya kagayamla katustathaPathya ca kaphavataghni sArikA mukhadoganut" (Ra.ni.)l
T{ FCr sr roqrqq 6qrq qg{ rJ5 rltrqi fti 6a oqFmFr+€ur1rq,tqi qqMrtl=tfiRn( rrgTr{ E TdfusqR TWtr+qrqt-qcq r
Oq g ercai krti F-iq{Fiq Yq rrRq-{Ti F'-nqd v-*i \lw; ! qmaq rqcqre Tdn{qR eror{ qffitrtra( rr
W er({dcoi rr( *e arqrFdEi f{ d-(qrfiffith fumui vdffq-d rr
182
t1to6(mlq g 6qri q5r Wl td.fr.l["P[gar.n nrkgam saram kifrcit kasayam madhuram guruRocana1n mohanam hldyar.n kaphapittanibafra4ar.n
Qipanar.n vakt;.avai rasyamaladaurgandhyanasanamAr. drar.n tu g urvabhisyandi drstyag n i mandyakrt paramSrgkam tu vatalam snigdham tridosa6amanam paramSvinnap[gam tridosaghnam pakvam sugkam tu vatalamPakvaldrar.n gurvabhisyand i bAlardram kaphapittahftPugar.n syat drdhamadhyam yat sreslham nAnavidham hi tatPakade6adibhedena cikkanam saryadoqajit(Krmihrt pugapugpar.n tu kagayap madhuram guru) " (Kai.ni.)l
r*i g araa ssr tfi 615-{RFr( |
{qcf{-+.{ W 6sr{i egr wl rr
1dfq'qk ngi *agrqqfqqrqr{t 11
T'rcrd frd di G-fra ff< gdq r
Effig wa-ai gqgiq {€rrrrt tl
S'frs-d i-t-+i €q dai 6qFrs-( |sc{ vi q qg{ {5 qui q dq+( rrB-qFdog q ri*{i 5ueFq wFr( rfi q-d( Ct# qo.[kt 6s dqr tlfrri yf--q-dr +q rr$tfft +1ft-ft r3Tr{ {'frs-o irfii gqt 6u-6qfo5q 11erfi{6qR et is T6 gqqficcrtrf( |r-ft-dri gqq"i frii qFi "FtF defl tl3tr.crc$r +q rwrttqFd +1ffi-q r
{q {'frso 5;q qms H aqr rrftr'ti q qaai +q +uaorqfr-dq-tq rcoi k+r #mi g qfEid qisqru-gT-( rrq-*i qr{ Trs?t # q fiQq6q r
{q l-d-fa rg Fryrq qmqi{ lril( rrFffi +i FCqe; qdem6( I
Trr{srs Frqtfr fr6{, Yfrtrdt 1o, rrqr+ dwr, fu q e-g{?T6: cfr1ftd' r
tfrfu, vFa1ffia, rr" (F.r.)[]Pakvam tu vatalam r[kgam bhedanam kaphana6anamSuskamagnikaram p[gar.n kasayam madhuram paramGuryabhigyandi madhuram toyadhrgvahninasanamPrlgamadau vigar.n ghoram dvitiye bhedi durjjaramTrtiyadisu patavyary sudhatulayam rasayanamP[giphalam mohakaram svadu rucyar.n kagyakamR0kSam saram ca madhuram guru pathyar.n ca dlpanamKiffcitkatu ca sarirploktam mukhavairasya na6akam
r83
VamTm kledam tfrdoSaghnam malam vatam kapham tatha
Pittam d u fgand hatam caiva na6ayed iti kirttitar.n
Ardrar.n p0glphalam pfoktam tuvaram kanthasuddhikn
AbhiEyandi saram caiva guru drsJyagn imandyakd
RaktadoSam mukhamalary pittap camar.n kapham tatha
Adhmanamudaram caiva na5ayediti kit'ttitamgrSkam prJgiphalar1 rucyan pacakar.n recakap tatha
Snigdham ca vatal aqn caiva kantharugghrtridoqanutPamam vina kevalap tu bhaksitar.n Sophapandukrt
Pakvar.n caldrar.n pOgaphalam chedakar.n ca tndoSahft
Srqkam pakvikrtam tattu snigdham vatakarap matam
TndosanaSakam caiva tadbalam sarvadosahrt
PrigavfkSasya niryAso mohanah Sitalo gurul;t
Pake coSnah pittalar.n ca patuscamlah prakiftitah
Vatanasakara5caiva muni bh i h parikirttitah" (Ni' ra)l
"ojo16rororl o<llol4lcggccmscJoerc or; L"-tco.oa,5oi
.-tco" o;Jloo@l6TEc6o)o oilcoolrnar(Oo ol(0o" ((')l.o$.)
[" Cava(tu madhuriccul lonnalaykka tu pramehakrt
Parar.n ruciyeyuntakkum virecanakaram param ". (Gu.pa.)l
Remarks: There is a variety of this plant growing in the north Canara district of
Karnataka State known under the Malayalam names, kanakavuinu and
cindapakku. Its botanical name is Areca dicksonii Roxb. or Pinanga
dicksonii Blume. The fruit of this plant is so small that it is just enough forchewing once only.
184
Ct
A,
Pa
ielr-Ir(l r !I c."
l;lrL-
Dit
Thr
lPruG a lArgemone mexicana
ParPrc
fFli
€rl
Coll. No. AVS 2167
Argem one m exi cana Linn.Papaveraceae : (erR{-5;da
Distribution : Throughout the hotter parts of India,in areas upto 1,500 melevation on road sides and waste places
The plant : A strong,branched,prickly annual, 60 - 90 cm in height withyellow latex; leaves simple, sessile, spiny, semi-amplexicaul, sinuate-pinnatifid, variegated with white, spinous, veins white; flowers large,bright yellow, terminal on short leafy branches; fruits pricklycapsules, oblong-ovoid, opening by 4 - 6 valves; seeds numerous.
Parts used : whole plantProperties and uses : The plant is bittet acrid, cooling, vulnerary diuretic,
purgative, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, aphrodisiac, emetic,depurative, anodyne, anthelmintic, antipyretic, ophthalmic,stomachic and sedative.
The roots are useful in guinea-worm infestation, skin diseases,leprosy, pruritus, blennorrhagia, inflammations, all types ofpoisoning, constipation, flatulence, colic, malarial fever and vesicularcalculus. The leaves are useful in cough, wounds, ulcers and skindiseases. The seeds are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha, cough,asthma, pertussis, skin diseases, leprosy, ulcers, wounds, odontalgia,dental caries, constipation, rheumatalgia, colic and flatulence. Thelatex is useful in dropsy, jaundice, skin diseases, leprosy, blisters,indolent ulcers, conjunctivitis, inflammations, burning sensation andmalarial fever. The oil is useful in indolent ulcers, wounds, leprosy,skin diseases, constipation, flatulence, colic and rheumatalgia.
"fr,u-{616uaqr s ftrgqr gvr r*q rRoicfrfr +'u-error Tsr-fr-ql s {RRr n' (ft.fr.)
EngHinKanMalSamTamTel
Mexican poppy, Yellow Mexican poppy, Prickly poppyBhatbharnt, Phararrgi dhattura (rrad-a, wirfr *rqclAra6ina, Ummatta, Datt0rigida (ud9d, *ilrq dg,gond)Po n n u mm att q, Kantan katt i ri (o.-rcrmlmod, a,eneoda,onrr'lo1)Svamaksiri, Brahmadantl (€uidt, ilflq{)Kutiyotti, Ponnummattai (qrqGu-rnrrg, GurctrglLbLo$cog)Brah madandicettu (g:looalup)
187
["Kantaki kantapatfa ca pltapugpa ksrrpa bhavetSvamakglrT kantaphala krsnabija ca susthira' (S.ni.)l
"rrkiE tqsrqr +-r{d{Srsl q ilqq{dt I
+-ffirF{qFrqR qe dr yqrqiq, l" (ed.rt.)
["Gaditeha hemadugdha kafrcanadugdha ca kafrcanaksiriKanakabhidhanasahito brute tam dugdhaparyayah' (A.ma.)l
"eflftufr q.qd{mfr qBqutr q s$ofi rta-mE'qr fq-ffi trErw ffi trq'ie.frt €otyqr Vqufmt-orjfr q rtr+gqr +-r*qftt tcefrfr q ilqs-fr r" (q.fr.)['Ksirinl kafrcanaksiri kalupapi ca karsaniTiktadugdha haimavati hemadugdha himavatiSvarnaksiri svarnadugdha suvamaksirikalpi caHemahva kanakaksiri hemaksiri ca kAicani" (Dha.ni.)l
"qtFpfr q.rsficfrfr +.{ufr egvffror rit-*S'qr 5u6 f5ryw ffi rrffiqr 4-dsrrrT q-qh-.d-ql ftqtttrsr ttfr q ft{qr ifr q$+'g"n{+q ttwoietfi {EUtgrqT 5ffi 1q 1
S+"fi t{5'S s tcsfrfr q 51q-dfr ll" ({t.fr.)["Kslrini kafl canakglrl karsar;ri katupamikaTiktadugdha haimavati himadugdha himavatiHimadrija pitadugdha yavacinca himodbhavaHaimi ca himaja ceti caturekagurlahvayaSvamaksirT svamadugdha svamahva rugmini tathaSuvaqra hemadugdhi ca hemakgiri ca kaflcani" (Ra.ni.)l
"ttrqer H icffi ikgedernrftufr t
@ 1 " ( q l . c . )["HemAhva recani tiktA bhedinyuklesakArinlKrmikandrlviqanahakaphapittaslakuslhanut " (Bha. pf a.)l
"frfrr E ilqsqefrfr fimgfri+vn-tt rrmr+ dqriq*rtqr{fr {frfrntu( rlctftuftg.ra tc+ri Sfutrowrq r" (tt.fr.)
["Tikta tu kaffcanaksiri pittakfmivisapaha
Sodhanl doEasanghata5amani raktapittajit
Kslrinlyugalam tiktam kpipittakaphapaham" (Dha.ni.)l
"qifufr ryFrffr q H {is-dFrfl r
TfirM q fut-qcetr q sT tl
188
€oisit f6cr trfir Tfufrf,trwrtr I{TfqT{rrffirsqrcqc-{ rrn rr' (n.fr.)["Ksjrini katutikta ca recanl sophatapanutKrmidoqakaphaghni ca pittajvarahara ca saSvamaksjri hima tikta krmipittakaphapahaMutrakrcchrasmarisophadahajvarahara para" (R5.ni.)l
"Roicfrfr frqr trffr w qo-EWror rqrdcfii Tm fui +..i tq q +vt( rr@rp vre dr6 {fd y1, 9fr6qq61, l' (fr.r.)["Svamaksiri hima tikta sa kand0vinasikaVataraktam krmim pittam kapham krcchram ca nariayetJ urtya6marl5ophadahajvarakust havina5iniMulam casya coka iti gunah purvoktavatsmfah' fii.ra.)l
"a-et, efri iqqcn +) fEiR ydrqd{
{s-d q (qRrqTs q iffui is {Isr}( n" (rr.fr.)
[-Tasyah ksiram bindumatram netre ksiptam ghrtaplutam
Suklam ca hyadhimarnsam ca netrandhyam caiva nasayet" (Ga.ni.)l
"tse-dfufr vqH rlH bGfitr+t I+un-tarJJmonoma-g"v* | r" (c.fr )["Utkle6ini pfamadini bhedini hemadugdhikaKaphapittaharallnahakamalapanduna6ani" (Ma.ni.)l
"s"ictfr q{r trftr crTtr*q-fi qa-( |@,n"(+. f r . )["Svamaksiri sara tikta madanyutkledani jayet
Kandukrmivisanahakaphapittasrakamalahl " (Kai. ni.)l
"iqqqr H P61 qapaeJe+fufr r@r-(c .q l . f r . )["Hemahva recani tikta mandagnyutkledak6riniKrm i kandukaphanahavisakuslhavi nasini " (Ma. pA. ni.)l
"tqgrqr l6cr irftr {-Alqfutq-€'dsr, r" (fr.fr.)
["Hemadugdha himA tikta slesmapittapahrtsarah" (So.ni.)]
Remarks : Acharya PV. Sharma in his'Dravyagunavij ian'refers to this plant andargues very correctly that the plant mentioned as kaficanaksiri in'suSgutasamhita' (Bhagandaraprakaranam)' is not Argemone mexicana butEuphorbia thomsoniana Boiss. which grows in Kashmir. For, Argemonemexicana is a plant indigenous to Mexico. The synonyms haimavati andhimavati given by the authors of different'Materia Medica' make it clearthat this is a plant growing in the Himalayas and therefore it is only proper
189
that this has to be identified as Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss. referred to by
Dr Sharma.Synonyms given by Abhidhanamanjari (qfrtt tT5'sT
Ywltq';,Dhanvantarinighantu (€oisfrfr q olqdi)
and by Rajanighantu (eoicfrfr eutyqr q oWqfil
seem very appropriate lo Argemone mexicana.
Perhaps the scarcity of Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss'. which grows in
Kashmir at an altitude of 2,100 m, induced the practitioners of
Ayurvedic medicines to use Argemone mexicana Linn. as a substitute
and hence its current PoPularitY'
190
Coll. No.AVS 2216
Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Boj.(A. speciosa Sweet)Convolvulace ae : (firatg-da
Distribution : Throughout India,in areas upto 900 m elevationThe plant A very large climbing shrub with woody. white, tomentose
stems; leaves simple, large, ovate, acute, base cordate, glabrousabove. white tomentose beneath, f lowers large. purple, silky-pubescent without in long-peduncled cymes, corolla tubular-infundibuliform; fruits dry, globose, apiculate.
Parts used : rootsProperties and uses : The roots are acrid, bitter, astringent, sweet,
emollient, thermogenic, roborant, appetiser, digestive, carminative,aperient, cardiotonic, anti-infl ammatory. expectorant, diuretic,aphrodisiac, rejuvenating. intellect promoting, brain tonic, nervinetonic and tonic.T hey are useful in vitrated conditions of kapha andvata, emaciation. wounds, ulcers, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence,colic, constipation, cardiac debil ity, inflammations, cough, bronchitis,strangury, seminal weakness, nervous weakness, cerebral disorders.synovitis, haemorrhoids. obesity, hoarseness. syphil is, anaemia,diabetes, tuberculosis, arthrit is, ascites, leucorrhoea and seneraldebil ity.
"qwd fqvr+n {M<-+l Brrard IrqqqF'*,lrdidT csi*{-d-{E-* qsft rr" (3i.q.)
I Bastantri visaEand ha vayojaradAri kA chagal antriVisapatrikantravasta paryayairvrddhadarukam bhavati'' (A.ma.)l
"T6{ro-s qnrti esrni} df*tq iq€'q'b{gsif Tqre-,{,E* BilTa;rqF{ l" (q.fr.)
EngHinKanMal
SanTam
Tel
Elephant creeperSam an d ar- ka- pat, Sam u d raSos (gr<l{ -.fi l-rkt, {qqilq )Cand rapdda (aio{ood)Marikkunni, Maru-iutari, Samudrappacca(ocil€6',]ffril, ao;ro;so1, truoltag4)Vrddhadarukah, Bastantri (T6Eft-s,, q-Ril-d)
Samuttirappaccai, Samuttirappalai("Cp,o$ry,-ru$eos, eqgopb$qr-runcarcu)Candrapada (,:0€5}6)
191
Argyreia nervosa
r92
["Vrddhadaruka avegi jungako dirghavalukahVrddhah kotarapuspi syadajAntd chagat-ntryapi (Dha.ni.)l
Td-fl€-s 3Tdrfr fr{''l-+i *otEro+, tera, dIargd FTr( {qmr q|i:u-+verfr rrerwd g {fl{qrqT e-€d0 dfqrd-s, t- (+.fr.)
[ 'Vrddhadaruka avegi jongako linabalakahAntah kotarapuspi syat syama mahisavallarTAjAntri tu mahasyama vallari dirghabalakah ' (Kai.ni.)l
Ttrfi5 "F-SmEr: IF-{TkFFIT rqluF: Igdl qnTcqdryf :{isi-6+.q.sgq I I
{qa;tTffiqrffi+.{, s{, r" (rrr.9.)
[' Vrddhadaruh kasayosnah katustikto rasayanahVrsyo vatamavdtarsahsophamehakaphapranutSukl ayurbalamedhagnisvarakantikarah sarah' (Bha. pra.)l
-{€ifl-6, 6.gfuqirR|rnq, +'q-qfdrfu( r
{-dqTf'firA-6|sqTd({Er, q{, il" (s.fr.)
["VlddhadAruh katustiktastathosnah kaphavatajitSvayathukrmimehasravatodaraharah parah' (Dha.ni.)l
-y€Er5: sgkft s-qr{ilEil {{rrrFr: I
{qargffisqrFrs{firksl, F{, rr
f f i , r " (* . f r . )["Vrddhadaru h katusti ktah kasayosno rasayanahSukl ayurbalamedhyagnisvarakAntikarah sarahSopnamavAtavatasravatamehakaphapahah' (Kai.ni.)l
"$rTRUil gc-<ro, qfum: {.qFF6, I{srq.nwit rgt tw, 1a{, si1fr6, 11+lkqrg-+-t qe* v;q, gGr+i og, rBsiTi cr"-gtr'i erq +.Ri yi-eq.( rrutilqd qrrqrd Eki {hi q.s q+( l" (fr.{.)
["Sadharano vrddhadaruh katustiktah kasayakahRasayanosno mad h uro medhyah svaryaf.r saroJgn idahKantidhatukaro balyo rucyah pustikaro laghuhUpadam5am pandurogam ksayam kasam pramehakamVataraktam caniavdtanr vatam sopharn xaphani iayet', (Ni.ra.)l
qEetl riA=Trfiqt6qffiqqn 1edrrFrRFtctftTET, ViE;EUrqaJfrC-{E il+q.q, $o-qtil.ffupqiqFrs.rfr qft-5.nF{€: I
193
fuTfrcfrEqlM{srfr {$q-qrr" (d.fr')
["V;'ddhadaro grahonmadapapalaksmi vinaSanah
Apasmaramavataghnah sopha5ulapahoJgnikrt
Balyah kanthyojsthisamdhanakarl vatarujapahaf.r
Visucipratittlnyad ivyad h i ghati rasayana6 " (So' n i')l
"rife-S feq-aemffi tq€d 6FM {Tfqffi r" (c.fr.)
[" Sfamsini gulmahrdrogavigarocakanasini
Bastantr i kapharogaghni mutrakrcchravinasini" (Ma ni ') l
'T6Er€: s.qrrilst' RRA-ftil {€Tqql I
qrd erdrq-qrirswMt-dqrl siq r r" (q.F.)
1;Vrddhadaruh kagAyosnah sarastikto rasayanam
Vrsyo vat-mavatasra6ophamehakaphan jayet' (Ma'vi')l
Remarks: . Bastrtntri
' ot ivamatligarra ( Asldngahldayap ) and vrtldhadaru of
Mah i r i ' tn i t l i ko ' .s , tvan t ' t sahasra t 'ogom)afe in te rpre tedasmar ikkunn i in
Malavalam by most of the commentators'
ln the'Arun(tr la_r,n commentalY on Astdngahldayam the Malayalam
na(nemar l l t t . l ta r l i sg ivenforbus tan tT i . In the 'Osadh in igha4 lu .o fKumaran
Krishnan. the Sanskrit-Malayalam dict ionary of Kanippayoor and
.Ayurvedav iSvakoSar .n 'o fPand i tK .K.Pan ickar .chag 'a lan t r i , v rddhat la ruka .
andvrddut la r l /a re t rans la ted in toMalaya lamasmar ikkunn i .Bas tdn t r i i s
maru tu la r io fmaruk l i la r iaccord ing to ,Ayurv€dav iSvakdsam, .But there isno
mention of this word basruntrf in 'osadhinighantu' or Sanskri t-Malayalam
dict ionary. Murikkunni anl marututari are treated as two dist inct raw drugs
i n o s a d h i n i g h e n t u , a n d ' A v u r v c d a v i 6 v a k o s a m , . I n t h e , A y u r v e d i c
F o r m u l a r y o f l n d i a , a | s o b a s t a n t r i a n d v r d d h a d a r & a r e t l e a t e d a S t w o
distrnct ones. grving the Latin name as Arg-'--reia speciosa and Ipomoea
petaloidea, respectively. In the 'Glossary of Vegetable Drugs in Blhattrayi '
lpc lmoeapes-Caprae is theLat innamegivenforchaga lan t r tandbastdn t f i s
treated as a synonym of chagalantr i ' But in the'Pharmacognosy of
Ayurvedic Drugs' both Argvreia speciosa and Ipr'tmoea pes-caprae are
regarded as vrddhadartLka..giving the Malayalam names samudrapacca for
Argyren specrcsa and adumpu or cuvanna adumpu for Ipomoea pes-caprae'
DrS.N.Nesamanicons idersArgy- re iaspec iosaassamudrapacca inh isbook'Ausadhasasyannat. ' The commentators of 'BhdvaprakaSap"
' K a i y a d d r a n i g l ' . a n t t t ' e t c . . a . r e o f t h e o p i n i o n t h a t t h e L a t i n n a m e c f
vrdt lhudir u is. l r3.rrr ' i r , sptLirtstt '
Aschr.tgal l lntr i iseslnorry.ala|bastt lrLtr|andasmilr ikkrtnnj isthe
lv!ala1,a.larn ncme given ltlr chngaltlnlri it ar:lounts to regard bastdntr| as
nrtrikl:,nt':iitsr'ii. Hence. the \laia.valarn narr,e n'.ankkunnl is applicable to
bsstdntrl as vrell as vrdcihadiiru'
I t l s s t r a n g e t o n o t e t h a t a l l t h e S a n s k r i t S y n o n . Y m s o [ v r d d h a d a r u a r e
19'i
given to Rourea santaloides W. & A. also. in'Indian Medicinal Plants'. Beinghighly poisonous it is not advisable to use as v'rddhadaru.
Thus. it is clear that in Kerala Argvreia nervosa (A.speciosa 1 is being usedfor marututari, mayikkunni and samudrapacca.
195
Coll. No. AVS 1691
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.Aristolochiaceae : <ffi-t,oq)
Distribution: Bengal, Western Peninsula, Gujarat, Deccan, Kerala andKarnataka
The planf A perennial prostrate herb with weak, glabrous stems; leavessimple, alternate, reniform or broadly ovate, cordate at the base witha wide sinus upto 7.5 cm in diameter, finely reticulately veined;flowers solitary with a large sessile orbicular bract at the base,perianth tube cylindric with dark purple lip having revolute marginsifruits oblong-ell ipsoid 12-ribbed glabrous capsules; seeds deltoidwith slightly cordate base.
Parts used: roots, leavesProperties and uses: The roots and leaves are bitter, acrid, thermogenic,
anthelmintic, cathartic, anti-inflammatory, emmenagogue, vulnerarvappetiser, sudorific and antiperiodic, and are useful in vitiatedconditions of kapha and vata, intestinal worms (especially roundworms), constipation, infl ammations, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea,foul ulcers, boils, syphil is, gonorrhoea, dyspepsia, colic, skin diseases,eczema, arthralgia and intermittent fevers.
"+ffi WTdr T{qq-dl q +tea r
+ffi, *zgqq q Tq'fr rSqurluriew l" (€.)
[" Kitamarl dhumrapatra gfddhtapatfa ca kitahaKitAril] katrapunkha ca bhmgT grddhraniraFtadha " (Sva.)l
"+tcfi,6m s TEfr +tcs€r dQTr t" ({rT.fr.)
["Krlarih kltamari ca bhmgi kitakaha tatha (da.ni.)]
EngHin
Worm killer. Bracteated bifthwot'tKiramar, Kitamar (+t{cR, *eqnlSanajal ihal lu (fr dFQ)6er,Attukottappala, Atutinnappala( rar95]o6,c5gcer,^ rorgs;otlcmogcet )KitamAri (6f4TRl)
Atutinnappatai (qg$r$orcornuurrcocu)Gddidagadapdku (n-&oncls)
KanMal
SanTamTel
196
Aristolochia bracteolata
portion of root
197
q.{6ur +tsqft sr(fd-ftr dq-rt{fr |@ 1 1|t1qqq1|qq5uqr q1q} rfiqrl-d-f( l" (R.)
["KatlsrlA kitamarT syat tikta dlpanarecanlKasagulmarajodogavisavisarpana6iniVisamajvarajidvranya jantughni riophasulanut,' (Sva.)l
"qrd{-Aq-qql v*.urefrfq g.fffufr 1" (fl.fr.)
["Vata6lesmajvarahara sandhyasthini prasarini,' (Sa.ni.)]
-+ffi rt trftr <a-gnf"erv'o r" (fr.fr.)
[" Kitamari rase ti kta dantakrmivisapaha " (So. n i.)]
198
Coll. No. AVS 1443
SanTamTel
lsvarmul, lsarmul (fV+qo, iqi{o)isvaberusa (912:ol1Karal ayar.n, lsvaramulla, Karalakam, Garudakkoti(6)oga0)q _gq.]'(r0loo]fl , dr@p6rq <no;cutoaensl)
Garalika, l5v?ri (rnfuot, ffi)Karutakkoti, lsvaramuli (sq5r&Gsnq, rr+oryg:c$))Esvaraveru (+*t1oJco)
Aristolochia indica Linn.(A.lanceolata Wt.\
Aristolochiaceae : (ifefi-to{)
Indian bidhwodisvarmut, isarmul (f{+r{isvaberusa (9r12:ol1Karal ayar.n, lsvaramulla,
9.?-: €.r'(roroo]fl, a,
Distribution : Throughout India,at low elevations, on hedges and bushesThe plant : A perennial shrubby glabrous twiner with a long woody root-
stock; leaves simple, alternate. short-petioled, entire with somewhatundulate margins; f lowers greenish white or l ight purplish in axil larycymes or fascicles with swollen or inflated basal part, contractedmiddle part and narrowly funnel-shaped distal part; fruits rounded oroblong or hexagonal, septicidal 6-valved capsules opening frombelow upwards; seeds flat, winggd.
Parts used: roots. leaves. fruitsProperties and uses: The roots are bitter, acrid, astringent, thermogenic,
purgative, anodyne, depurative, digestive, anthelmintic, stomachic,cardiotonic, anti-infl ammatory, diuretic, sudorif ic, febrifuge,antiperiodic, emmenagogue and tonic. They are useful in ulcers,vitiated conditions of kapha and vato, arthralgia. inflammations,leprosy, leucoderma, skin diseases, dyspepsia, intestinal worms,colic, flatulence, strangury cardiac debility, fever, intermittent fever,cough, catarrh, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, dystocia, abdominaldisorders in children and all types of poisonous bites and stings.Leaves are used to treat cholera, bowel complaints and intermittentfevers in children. A paste made out of the leaves is good forinflammations. The seeds are good for inflammation. bil iousness, drycough, arthralgia and dyspnoea in children.
"+ffirftfaor qffi qffiror rffi tW qrsd rt;o&qr rr
q stftr rqqErfcqt t" (€.)
199
Aristolochia indica
2U)
_f 'Kltamarirgaral
ika sarpini salpagandhilalSvarl kfttikavalll garudi nakulap;'ryaSunande5varamrlll ca prokta rudralatabhidha' (Sva.)l
"s}6frm ffiry" fcdrfu+r)f'Kgvelavega karalaka visavega' (Jyotsnika)l
"ryed +rdfssf$r(ttsd +.q-dm6r r' (6{cFqr)
['Garudi saryaviqalit kugthaghni kaphavataha (Hrdayapriya)]
W ffiqrs gnr e ssrqEq Iffi fr-dqrt frqi q1qi qilt tl
flqc'rE irni q{Fi dvv1l;iqq r{qrlsrsrqqqEsift qFryts q asrt( r" (R.)
f'M[lam tiktamativasya sugandham ca kasayakamVisahari tridosaghnam dipanam pacanam smrtamKrmighnamagadam proktam jvaraghnam kosthasulajitSvasakAsangamardadin sandhisopham ca nAsayet ' (Sva.)l
201
Coll. No. AVS 2411
Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp.(=A.vulgarrs auct. non Linn.)Asteraceae : (Tq' rRlE{-S-da
Distribution : Throughout India,in hilly districts, in areas upto 2,400 melevation
The plant : A tall aromatic perennial shrub, often gregarious, pubescent orvillous throughout; lower leaves ovate in outline deeply pinnatisectwith small stipuleJike lobes at the base, pubescent above, white -
tomentose beneath, uppermost smaller, 3-fid or entire, lanceolate;flowers in subglobose heads, in spicate or suberect or horizontalpanicled racemes, outer flowers female. very slendet inner diskflowers fertile, bisexual, bracts ovate or oblong, margins scarious,fruits oblong-ell ipsoid minute achenes.
Parts used : leaves. flowering topsProperties and uses : Leaves and flowering tops are bitter, astringent,
acrid, thermogenic, aromatic, anodyne, anti-inflammatory,depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, aphrodisiac, appetiser, digestive,stomachic, anthelmintic, febrifuge, deobstruent, alexeteric andhaematinic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of vata and kapha,cough, asthma, bronchitis, cephalalgia, nervous and spasmodicaffections, infl ammations. leprosy. skin diseases, pruritus, strangury,amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic,intestinal worms, fever. hysteria. measles and anaemia.
"?sfrqtq, €-dFR: {TT$FF' vrgtFr+,vrg{i+{rr+, gq1,6uq} gS, rr "(q.q.)
f'Rsiksamah satyaparah sadhakah sadhugandhikahSadhufmunifdamanakah damanah kathyate budhaih" (A.ma.)l
202
EngHin
KanMal
San
TamTel
Indian wormwood, FleabaneNagdona, Davana, Dauna (;rFrdf;TI, <-*+r, *+r)Urigattige, Urruvalu (eruOrtLlrd. erud;de;r)Makkipprlvu, Ma6ipatf (odolgtd, ocuolo4orl)
Damanakah, Damanah (Eq{S:, qqT:)
MAsi pattiri, Makkipprl (LonG)u$$rfl, LoriGlug)Masipatri (:rS:q.l)
Artemisia nilagirica
ffiY
,.",.H-if ."d,female f lower
inf lorescence
203
-3d <{i-+1<r+ gfrgrwfrrr{, 1
rRMt TgdA ffid, EF-otli[€6: l (tTi.g)
['Ukto damanako danto muniputrastapodhanahGandhotkato brahmajato vinitah kalapatrakah' (Bha.pra.)l
3rsr qqq6< Eq-n <liil r;sM gFr$Eo' r
E sl q cTu-g{rir a-{qa gu-st-+-{q rr
irFRgt5T: c-i cffi ffiq r
Eov*{q ffir*fq qqs;fiq', l" ({t.fr.)
f'Atha damanakastu damano danto gandholkato munirjatilahDandi ca pandu?ago brahmajata pundarikascaTApasapatrah patri pavitrako devasekharascaivaKulapatrasca vi nitastapasvipatradca saptadhatrikah' (Ra. ni.)l
"<q-{q-drftild Ad qq, gqftffi, 1
@ l t " ( q T . q . )f'Damanastuvarastikto hrdyo vrsyah sugandhikahGrahanivisakuslhasrakl edakandutridosar it " (Bha. pra.)l
"(q;r: Rr( {i iilfiir ffi TiltrqK I
triffi 6-a, sl-qgvrcE, yit, l (q.ft.)
[''Damanah syat rase tikto visaghno bhutadosanutTridogasamano hrdyaf.r kandu kusthapahah smrtah " (Dha. n i.)l
"<r+, rfl-ca;k*: sqr{sE?6'{q E€dq-6{: I
r<frM ffiraf*orwq, Rr( 1" ({r.fr.)f 'Damanah
sitalastiktah kasayakatukadca kugthadogaharahDvandvatridosadamano visavisphotavikaraharanah. syat" (Ra.ni.))
"(T{: ssfrnrra( grfu €rfi, r' (S.fr)f'Damanah kaphapittasrahrt sugandhi rasayanah" (So.ni.)l
"<qq<q{Rd-d td Wfrrinrfq rF16k 6sii 6!E t€-*-ARfqsrJEl rr
' (*.fr.)f ' Damanastuvarasti kto hrdyo vrsyastridosanut
Nihanti kaphajam kand[m kuslhakledavisagrahan" [Kai.ni.)]
'sc+IPret€rsi<,ou-qFdvlwq" (c.cr.fr .)f 'DamanoJkqiprakuslhasramedaIkandItridosarit" IMa.pa.ni.)]
204
Artocarpus communis fPtataTo-l
, ' i . '- . ' . /
,!4,
--_z{(
--fruit - part exposed
Coll. No. AVS 2455
Artocarpus communis Forst.(=A.incisus (Thunb.) Linn. f.)Moraceae : (+a-5Oq2
Distributlon : Cultivated throughout India
The plant : A tall, fast growing evergreen tree, l2-18 m in height with
thick yellowish grey bark; leaves large, simple, incised, dark green;
flowers in catkins; fruits prickly, globose, brownish or yellowish,
composite, usually seedless.
Parts used : fruits. latexProperties and uses : The fruits are bitter, sweet, acrid, cooling, diuretic.
stomachic, cardiotonic, appetiser and galactagogue. They are usefulin vit iated conditions of pitta, anorexia, f latulence, colic, cardiacdebil ity- and agalactia. The fruit is a tasty and nutrit ious vegetable.The latex is useful in external application forhyperadenosis and
abscesses.
"wnrel g ffi, g<rfrq-(TfS: rffi Sq+s, frJftrffii-+, rrfrdffsroTri: Rr(sffro qfr qa, r" (€.)
['Panasasya tu paryayail;r kgudralpapadapurvakaih
Procyate kgudrapanasah sojtivistarapamakahN irlriiapbalapufr:rah syat sadiphala iti smrtah " (Sva.)l
qg{ *96 gfl-{ss qii ET( ll
a*a w+a+r flciflsqr<r€1( t=I€qli<l.6t e;zi eifi a rcr-qil lr (8.)
i' M adhuram katukarir ksud rapanasasya phalam sm ftar.nM r-rtralam stanyajananam pittasrajvaradAhanut
Gulnnas[laharam rucvam hldroge ca prasasyate' (Sva.)]
EngHinMal
Bread fruitBilatti kathal (idorR 6zeo)Ka!appilavU, Simap!avu, Kataccakka
1a,sgilacoi, crdlo6co'i, €,s4d6,)Ksudrapanasah (tlTFRT:)Simai ppala (ScoLruuorlr )Simapavara (Ss:ro)
SanTamTel
201
Coll. No. AVS 2190
Artocarpus heterophy llus Lam.(A. integrifolia auct. non Linn.)
Moraceae (+a-gq;
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Jackfruit treeKathal, Cakk (s-56O, qqd)
Halasu (6e;fo)Plavu, PilSvu (?dcni, -ilacoi;Panasah (q{g:)
Palamaram (ueDnLoqlb)Panasa (rsl)
Distribution : Throughout IndiaThe plant : A large monoecious evergreen tree with very dense rounded
crown, 18-25 m in height, bark black mottled with green, rough withwarty excrescences, heartwood bright yellow, sapwood pale; leavessimple, alternate, coriaceous, entire, dark, shiny, green above,penninerved, lateral nerves 7-8 pairs, stipules sheathing, leaving ascar on falling; male flowers crowded on cylindrical receptacles;female flowers crowded on globose receptacles-both cauliflorous;fruits multiple, large, fleshy, globose or oblong, covered withtubercles; seeds oval, with a membranous testa, cotyledons unequal.
Parts used : roots, leaves, fruits, seeds, wood, latexProperties and uses : The roots are credited with antidiarrhoeal property.
The leaves are useful in fever, boils, wounds, skin diseases andvitiated conditions of pitta and vata. The unripe fruits are acrid,astringent, carminative and tonic. They are useful in vit iatedconditions of kapha, dyspepsia and debility. The ripe fruits are sweer,cooling, oleagenous, laxative, aphrodisiac and tonic, and are useful invitiated conditions of vata and pitta, and ulcers. The seeds are sweet,diuretic, aphrodisiac and constipating. The wood is a nervinesedative, and is useful in convulsions. The latex is useful in dysopia,ophthalmitis and pharyngitis.
"q;q' Te,ot€Tr{q Miq-q .3;n6d, IF6rs-d tfq?hfi cgt.ilq sEqi ll" (31.q.)
f'Panasah svapasara5ca moratoJgraja AhalahMahaphalo havirgandhT madhuro moca ucyate,, (A.ma.)l
208
-t * "**q&ed\.
*,
u tJ t fJ,, V--:1
rJ- lo
E]
o
o.ooo
o
o.G(Jo
cqq< rrdr€d, s-ftr{: rFe'taTF: I€tOsE-S-OTiq @f{.ieff(: pl!f: ll
['Panasastu mahasarjah phalinah phalavrksakahStulakantaphalascaiva syanmulaphaladah smrtahApuspaphaladah putaphalo hyangamitastatha,' (Ra.ni.)l
"{dq"6€eqqr: {zTr( 6-u-ek'm-deqr Ic;t-$Rr$qs-O 3r{rd rpt6o-Cs 1- (+.fr.)
f'Slesmatakasadrkpatrah syat kantakiphalastathaPanasastvasayaphala asayo garlchakantakah" (Kai.ni.)l
"q+vr, s-o-aforro r++jn-$s.o, | ({T.9.)f 'Panasah kantakiphalah panasoltibrhatphatah' (Bha.pra.)l
"{t-aPIS(5-O: frq6, q4g, S'o-a+1(Eo: I
TflSO-6T+d Te{ur 6.Trgr5o{ireT ilqoslffi-s gq q t" (R.)
['Brhatsthtllaphalah proktah panasah kantakiphalahMrdarngaphalakascaiva sthIla kandaphalastathaApuspaphalakadcaiva phalavarsika eva ca ' (Sva.)l
"qfii yfl-dai c-*i fu'd ffi{ors6{ Id{"i T6q g1S fu q6q6 TTft rl@ g-o-* Ek {qdfrnqrderr{ I3Trd d-q Mr qra;6 gfl T5 rlild-fi qg{ q-€{i o.r.RtFds+q rqrCrE5d-ffi qqrfur qgqflq q rr
1stu esEr{+tfr qeqrrtu {eR rq-qr q++rfr qd qnfut-os-rc-6, rrmqrq q+ir qsq! $qfud:<-drEF{Fr, I
" (r{T.e.)
f'Panasar.n sitalam pakvam snigdham pittanilapahamTalpanam brmhanam svadu mamsalam slesmalar.n ofsamBalyam suklapradam hanti raktapittaksatavrananAmam tadeva vista;bhi vatalam tuvaram guruDahakrt madhuram balyam kaphamedovivardhanamPanasodbhntabijani vrsyani madhurani caG u ru ni baddhavit kan i srstarn 0trani sar"rvadetMajja panasajo vrsyo vAtapittakaphapahahVi5esat panasri varjyaf,r gul mi bh irmandavahni bhih,, (Bha. pra.)j
"cq{ Edr e.rg 1a ffi\ qm-aq r
idrfti T{qgsq-< T6 sqfu{ilErrl rlelo F,s.Hidq$qq r
2 l l
e,ilfun€i q-ei ElEq qg{ I€ ll
aEffi sqlftqFr-mrfil, rc4dfirn€i c-*i ffi eE qft-dd{ rra{"i 6q qq qm-di rd;qd TeT{ |qei fu'q qi-gTd qrdffterqtaR ttqqritEr1a_ffi qqfu q$fu q t
Totrr q-€-d-dfu q€{arfu atF q tt
rqr nqrR firne} gq rzbqrirorqE r "
rt.fr.l
f 'Panasar.n tuvaram svadu guru vistambhi vatalam
Tiktam panasapuspantu guru vaktlavisodhanar1
Panasasyaphalam balam kaphamedovivardhanam
Vatapittaharam balyar.n dahaghnam madhuram guru
Tadvisesadvivafiyam syad g u I m i bhird urbal agni bh i h
Raktapittaharam pakvam vipake svadu sitala1n
Tarpalam brmhanam vfqyar.n mansalam sl.egmalar.n blsam
Balyam snigdham jayedvatam ksataraktaksayanapi
Panasodbhutabijani vrsyani madhurani ca
Gur[ni baddhavarcamsi srstamr-rtrani tani ca
Malja tasyapi pittaghno vrsyah slesmanilApahah' (Kai.ni ') l
"5=q c-{q-sc q ETE qq qogT{ |
au v, werFcd'rq g6pamF6T-qvq tt
5 r+wae tsqFsR4d E{I{€\
iEii sr-dEt iq q* qrfr dql qilt ll
@r" (8 . )['Rucyam panasabijam tu svAdu vfgyar.n balapradam
Hrdyar.n ca, asyatiyogastu s0ladhmanAdikrt param
Vrntar.n panasapatrasya kifrcittiktam lvarapahamProktam vataharar.n caiva patram capi tatha smftar.n
Mulakvathastvatisaravatas0lagnimandyahrt' (Sva.)l
q-{i cg{ {frfu-o5o aer ee-4@q r
Fh-fqlft v gdi wl rr€ffisFj lTr a-q-ff era-a ry t
irsrdgr id6r{Ei wq er*q+w+( tt-qro
E ctci €cl qsqq+ a firr{ t
uffi e-aqqfii cl{€ qo qtl tt (u.fa.)
[ 'Panasanr madhurant supicchilamguru h Jdyar.n balaviryavrcidhidamSramadahaviscisanasanamrucikrdgrahi ca duriaram Param
212
isatkasayar.n madhuram tadbijam vatalam guruTatphalasya vikaraghnam rucyam tvagdosana6anamBalam tu nirasam hrdyar.n madhyapakvam tu dipanamRucidam lavanadyuktam panasasya phalam smrtam" (Ra.ni.)l
q{sR r5d qrd qorq€qf-qq rngr €tez6 q-€zi g-dr !5 ilna{ il+lqai e.q qg{ g5 qld +qy<{ rn-<Wsr *q crterdcfuqE rrd-fl-+i {fl-d-di flfr fu'd d Efrercq 1qrgqk-fi €r5 ct{rd s ss'eEl rls-ei gGffir q-{sr{s fdr qsc. rqrd efisri wki erq aQ1fr 11re #q cgr Tq fuer* * ,dFr sEc wRT-ft g€{k-fi q6q 11" 1fr.1.1['Panasasya phalam camam malavastambhakmmaramMadhuram dosalam balyar.n tuvaram guru vatalamKomalam tacca madhuram guru balyam kaphapladamMedovrddhikaram caiva dahavAtaprapittanutTatpakvam sitalam dahi snigdham vai trptikarakamDhatuvrddhikaram svadu mansalam ca kaphapradamBalyam puslikaram jantukarakam d urjaram vrgamVatam ksatakgayam raktapittam cariu vyapohatiTasya bijantu madhuram vf$yar.n vislambhakam guruTasya puspam gurustiktam mukha6uddhikaram matam" (Ni.ra.)l
"gqs14oel Do5tu olggl a,o-ococac6rueJloJao
orc(d)culo "-rlrooot;.
oc"o. uoalgccnlo o]5rno oio].
a,5a1aer;. gooc<icrflael;. ouenlgcroro otdoro5rn;.
cn;cn1ao;. goocr.rScrilaolo ccncollog gcog gcnrorolcn;.
'J€odgo elgilo€ocflc or'lcmcoE crusbsocaoi orc)o.
'165)66)l(0 J doo6 ot5"u5eonui au: ;oean g ccD gojl o
oeto rosyunDl alLroooto oolgpaogcmorccr) orc;.
olgd ajdodolo;ot;a,ud ocDloo ro(rudlc6,e()c:
otaoe{o Loilcac"siuoacDcogotlo 6t"}JJono6rDo eL"oll." ((,}.olc.)
f'lticcakka matrttullu kaphamedobalapradamVatavum pittavur.n dAhar-n samippanuni gunam guruKrmikkum jatharagnikkum balamillatta marttyanumGulmikkum jatharagnikkum novul loru janattinumCakkappal.am bhujikkolla tinnAl sankatamayvarum
2t3
Cakkakkurukkal vrsyannal madhurannalate{favumM alam taluttu mrltratte ol i ppikku nnatayvarumMulacca cakkakkuruvukal madhuram rasapakayohVfgyam tridosasamanameffavum brmhanam laghu" (Gu.pa.)l
1 1 , ' tL L l
Coll. No. AVS 2456
Artocarpus hirsutu,s Lam.Moraceae : ({a-5Eq2
EngKan
Mal
San
TamTel
Wild jack
Hebbalasu (daguxr)_
Ayani, Ayaniplavu, Afrfrali, Afrfli l i
1 <orooxn1, <orocornl6coi, <orEoome-r1, <agoorrrlen)
Lakucah (Ogq,;
Kattuppala (srr-@uuorn)Pejuta (l*e^:)
Distribution : Evergreen forests of the West CoastThe plant : A tall, evergreen tree with a straight bole and dense foliage;
bark grey, smooth, sapwood white, heartwood yellowish brown;leaves ovate, stipules yellow, hairy; fruits spinous, oblong orcy-lindrical,5-7.5 cm long, yellow when ripe.
Parts used : bark, leaves, fruitsProperties and uses : Unripe fruits are sour. astringent, sweet, -
thermogenic, indigestible, anaphrodisiac and constipating, and causeflatulence, colic, tridosa and rakta vitiations. The ripe fruits aresweet, sour, appetisel cooling, aphrodisiac and indigestible. They areuseful in vitiated conditions of. vata and pitta and anorexia. Aninfusion of the bark is applied to cure small pimples and cracks onthe skin, and the powdered bark is used to heal sores. Dry leaves areuseful in treatins bubose and hvdrocele.
"o5dr iiryqWno, 6ffi s6q66, IsS: 6,r${q {r{q €tds-*n i-qrq{q: il ({r.fr.)
['Lakuco likuca6sAlah kaSayi drdhavalkalallQahuh kaf5yaSca 5ura6ca sthulaskandho navahvayah' (Ra.ni.)l
"uqq, s1fr frm, *crAIEh ogRqT I*.s-ffii qtfr qo{u-6flq-d, r" ({.fr.)
l'Lakucah svarase tiktah kagyosno laghustathaKaphadosaharo dahi nalasamgrahadayakah'' (Ra. n i.)l
215
Artocarpus hirsutus
twig with maleinflorescence
fruit part exposed
216
"3Trd o-fqryr s $ Hqarff,er I
rgi v aurai q ffiaqrtrf-( ttg*at-rawn eft ffid qd{ t
gq.€ il{ eg{ca qifrofrt-e( tt
-T-qtr"- g,€,i qq fqsj'!l-s s r( r' (rns )
['Amam lakucamus4am ca guru vigtambhakrttathaMadhuram ca tathamlaqn ca dosatritayaraktakrtduklagninasanaq vapi netrayorahitam smrtamSupakvam tattu madhuramamlam canilapittahIKaphavahnikaram rucyam v!'9yam vislambhakam ca tat" (Bha'pra')l
6t-s T+r Asi m-dqqq{:I5 |
rtrrq-{ ToRi a goi rGjfcol "q+i g srg ffir gq ffiq1r" f*'f+.)
f'Lakuca1n tuvaram cosnam phalesvapyavaram guru
Raktapittam valAsa1n ca ku ruteJharatefn i lam
Pakvar.n tu svadu vistambhi v!'9yam dosagnivarddhanam" (Kai'ni')l
"dg-q T6 M{ €rra cqaFmfs-( t
tdlaq-rrfr qm{qg*l Wafi-cqnr+( rr" (q.8.)
f' Lakucar.n guru vistambh i svAdvaml am raktapittai it
dleSmafari samiraghnamusnam suklagninasanam (Ma'vi')l
"d{-q T€ M{ *s-flg+a*tqq r" tfr.tr.1
f'Lakucam guru vigtambhi dosakft sukla6osanam' (So'ni')l
2 1 7
Coll. No. AVS 2148
Asparagus racemosus Willd.Liliaceae ' 11$q-q.oq)
EngHin
Wild asparagus
Satavar, Satamuli (qiflcR, Tm^qfO)Callagadda (?,3er_nQ
Satavari, Satavali (uorocorc1, croorco.re-i;Satavari, Abhiru ({rdwfr, 31ffi5;
Kilavari, Satavali (G)cr;nolrfl, cgnorcrg)Satdvari, Callagadda (r.r:s, ;:qnE)
Mal
San
TamTel
Distribution: Throughout India,in areas upto 1,400 m elevation. alsocultivated
The plant: An armed, climbing undershrub with woody terete stems andrecurved or rarely straight spines. young stems very delicate. britt leand smooth, leaves reduced to minute chaffy scales and spines:cladodes triquetrous, curved in tufts or 24: flowers white, fragrant,in simple or branched racemes on the naked nodes of the mainshoots or in the axils of the thorns; fruits globular or obscurely3-lobed, pulpy berries, purplish black when ripe, seeds with hard andbritt le testa.The tuberous succulent roots are 30 cm to a metre ormore in length, fascicled at the stem base, smooth, tapering at bothends.
Parts used : tuberous rootsProperties and uses: The roots are bitter, sweet, emollient, cooling,
nervine tonic, constipating, galactagogue. ophthalmic, anodyne.aphrodisiac, diuretic, rejuvenating, carminative, appetiser, stomachic,antispasmodic and tonic. They are useful in nervous disorders,dyspepsia, diarrhoea, dysentery, tumours, inflammations, vit iatedconditions of vata and pitta, burning sensation, hyperdipsia.ophthalmopathy, nephropathy, hepatopathy, strangury, scalding ofurine, throat infections, tuberculosis, cough, bronchitis, gleet,gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, leprosy, epilepsy, fatigue, hyperacidity,colic, haemorrhoids, cardiac debility, hypertension, abortion,agalactia and general debil ity.
"roi5* vrcv-fr vmad rmrafr r
2r8
Asparagus racemosus Plateit )
f . . -
-fru i t
tuberous roo t
IIItI
qmqufr dfrflTffi-or qf+uzrfir lerWrfr +cfr ct{fr ffi rs{a-dqt rgn qfrrtd(+++.u-5fir 11
qct.riT qflS{reER-sT r" fd.fr.lf'BahuputrA satapadi Satamull 5atavarlNarayaqri dvlpi6atrurdvipika d harakantakaAbhirustunrgini ke5l pivari dvipapivariSahasraviryA madhura phanijihvordhvakantakaRsyaprokta suksmapatrA mahapurusadantika " (Kai. n i.)l
yrdrdft {rdq-fr ffi ofr rrffiqr dfrvraffT*liqc+Fzr-ql rl
{ccr|-{r {crNr s Es{or wdrqTqr Irnrq"fr €|gtff frar{sr oscFr6r rr3lrcq{relT qcrTol lrd-+qi rffi Icg{r rrd{n q *Rror g6}fi-+r rrifl-crcq M *.rwfi ergH +ffi r
$f{rffiqFniqfiT*='*-* llq-ovmefr *{r EEfirn qvF-s.r rR-{s-frqi $sr {6r96tr(ksT tl3;s*5l-ar q-6rtr sfrrfuqql rrtrqrdr I-94"i gff v rr ({.fr.)f'Satavari satapadi pivarindivari variBhirurdipya dvipi6atrurdvipi kalmarakant ikaSuksmapatrA supatra ca bahumula satAhvayaNArAyani svadurasa Satahva laghuparnikaAtma6alya jatamIla Satavirya mahaudaniMadhura satamula ca ke6ika satanetrikaVi6vakhya vaisnavi karsni vasudevi variyasiDurmara tejavalli ca syattrayastrinsadahvayaMahasatavari vira tungini bahupatrikdSahasravirya surasA mahapurusadantikAUfdhvakanta mahaviryA phanijihva maha5atASatavirya suvirya ca nAmanyasyastrayodasa" (Ra.ni.)l
"{rdrdfr T€, TfdI ftffir Rrfi rsrq-fi r
fqrFrgfufl frr'tTl +qr lerftwnfo-q rrWam-e-$-A qeqr qnfimrssilqiq-( rc-drvrdlqfr ieqr Esfi qql wr+fi 11
{ffi Fft-d{ffiIqr{rqqq r' (qT.e.)^ . ; . -f'Satavari guruh sita tikta svadvi rasayaniMedhagnipuslida sn i gdha netrya gu I mAtisaraj itSu kl astanyakarl balya vatapittasrasophajit
221
Mahadatavari medhya hrdya vrsya rasayaniSitavirya n i hantyar6og rahar.rinayanamayan' (Bha. pra.)l
"atdFttrefr gw ra6ia-wt vnrqfr tq-t-d fu Eilr s iqrm rru-ruqSilffi g6qr {n-dr rsrq-fr roqFmeuk*rmgl q4lq${I qdl: r- (g.axr)
f'Vatapittahari vrsya svadutikta satavariMahati caiva hrdya ca medhagnibalavarddhiniGrahanyarv5ovikaraghni vrsya slta rasayaniKaphapittaharastiktastasya evankura smrtah' (Su.Su.46.)l
"qnFw{r qqr {-+t fitt rsr+$ ter5, r'rdrdfr @r'ig {u-a rr " (q.fr.)
f'Vatapittahara vRya balya Sita rasayaniSvaduh satAvari tailaghrtayogesu pujita ' (Ma.ni.)l
"trdrr0 Rcr td-{-dr {i €9, e'fcrqfu( rsrdtrr-w qqr {qFrcRr qdl tl{-6s-*qi iw g e-ar qqr rsrq-fr r
{ffi ftp5nqm{q-{rrq111ccE:t-{ftTdlsd isgei,v+Ic-€, 1" (u.fr.)
f'Satavari hima tikta rase svaduh ksayasrajitVatapittahara vrsya rasayanavara smrtaSahasravirya medhya tu hrdya vrsya rasayaniSitavirya n i hantyarsograhaninayanamayanTadankurastlidosaghno laghurapahkpayapahah" (Dha.ni.)l
"{rd'-ddf f6f qq r$ ffit r6s-drdEt ftrR qaA€ rsfql rr
{rdrdt-d"i qq cgr ffiefsc{ rrcfr +qelilrfr id{dr A€T rsrq} rr6,tFFn-f{Ifuffnanql lgr{t;{r qdr t" ({r.fr.)
f'Satavaryau hime vrgye madhure pittajitpareKaphavatahare tikte maha6resthe rasayaneSatavaridvayam vfgyam madhuram pittajiddhimamMahati kaphavataghni tikta srestha rasayaneKaphapittaharastiktastasya evankura smrta" (Ra.ni.)l
"Trdr-dfr ftqr fu{dr ETdi Td rsrqfr rgk'w g-rddr qEqr {irqiqTtr{gfuEr 11agwr anfimlsserdmrcts|wqc-6rvrilqft Aat tqtrias{f,dfl trT€"q{ilfikir'rd {ffi rsrq-fr r
222
n<-{5;fr egRild Ed euRrdqq ttF ER qt?tttTsr6ufrT<-qeTqr{ r- r*.t{. )f'satavari hima tiktA svadvi gurvi rasayani
Susnigdha 5uklala balya stanyamedhagnipustidaCakgusya vatapittaslagulmatisara6ophalitMaha5atavari hfdya medhagnibalaSukl ada
Grahanyaf6ojkqirogaghni sitavirya rasayani
Tadankuro lagh ustikto vrsyo hrdyastf idoganutNihanti vatapittaslagrahaligudajaksayan' (Kai.ni.)l
"{rdrd0 g q$r {ft-dr Eqt q la-m{'I t
{sr+i T€, st5, fuqt YqIr<T qdl ll
srffiFil*.fr EEqr iqr {+a*t qm r
agqr SFrffut-rs-+tdqrlFrer tl
{ffiiq5F{6d ytsrfrsR-{rRrfr |
+S gn rfr'nel rvrwr gfrflrfar rrq€Rrtttqt 6ar iqr qffi 1
Ifqadl Yffi s Ereztt qqr rqr+fr rr
eryhFiT6utffi r
lur.F{qsrq fui.Il, {qtqr, ss{lT Iq' rr '
(fr.r.)
f'satavari tu madhura 5ita vrSya ca tiktaka
Rasayani guruh svaduh snigdha dugdhapladd mata
Agnidlptikari balya medhya 5uklakari mata
Cakguqya puq! i krtpittakaphavataksayapahaRaktadogagulmahantri 5ophatisarana6inT
. Taile ghrte pfayogaftha pla6asta munibhirmata
Maha6atavari hfdya medhya cagnipfadipaniSuklalA sitavirya ca balya v19ya rasayaniAfSahsanrgrahaniroganetrarogavinasiniGunahyasyastu vijfreyah purvayah sadrsa gunaih" (Ni.ra.)l
"uoolcolol€o'lpegnloo8o ocrDo arlJo{Dtrolo<o;
(r)J6InmD] 6t'ulocro5rDo olLorcacnsl.Oicn. o.rcor.j1rorogi1ail
I ptrnlororuroogoldaol" cocncr.rlcn'leruelol6a1)o)o." ((,].oJc.)I t"datavarikkilannife rasam kaccumatrttatu
I Cunantu brmhanam mutfadoEaghnar.n vatapittaiitIndriyattepperuppikkum medognibalavafddhanam " (Gu.pa.)l
Remarks: Most of the herbal dictionaries in Sanskrit describe two kinds of Asparagus
viz. iatavari and Mahaiatavsri. Of these, Mahaiatavari andits synonyms have
been identifie d as Asparagus sarmentosus Linn'
In Kerala, however, all the different species of Asparagus are regarded as'sathvari.
223
Coll. No. AVS 2194
Av errho a caramb o la Linn.Ox alidace ae : (qrt{-T-oq)
Distribution: Throughout India, cultivatedThe plant: A small,handsome evergreen tree about 9.0 m in height with
close drooping branches; leaves compound, alternate, leaflets 5-11,glabrous, glaucous beneath, base oblique, acute; flowers variegatedwith white and purple in short racemes. chiefly axillary or sometimesspringing from the stem; fruits ovoid, 5-angled, indehiscent,yellowish berry, seeds arillate.
Parts used: leaves. fruitsProperties and uses: The leaves are antipruritic, antipyretic and
anthelmintic. They are useful in scabies, various types of poisoning,pruritus, intermittent fevers and intestinal worms.
The fruits are sweet, sour, thermogenic, constipating, febrifuge,antipyretic, antiscorbutic and tonic. They are useful in diarrhoea,vomiting, hyperdipsia, haemorrhoids. intermittent fever,hepatodynia. scabies. various kinds of poisoning and general debility.
-+.qlr' +.frfr, crdq-o, s{r{q T{R-s: r
T{Rs.d[q qnlsat6< ffiq lr" ({r.fr.)[" Karmarah kaJmarakal.r pitaphalah karmaraSca mudgarakahMudgaraphala6ca dharaphalakastu karmaraka5caiva" (Ra.ni.)l
"sfqri fti TrR Rrrei sserd6-{ r' (rr.c.)
[" Karmarangar.n hi mam g rah i svadvamlam kaphavdtanrt " (BhA. pra.)]
'rtrrfa swrtq qtr6( fr66'yqq, I
224
EngHinKan
Mal
San
TamTel
Carambola apple, Coromandel gooseberry
Kamarakh, Kamarari'ga (Srl-(Gl, 6rftrn)DCrehuli(drdd9)
Catu rappu I i, I ru rii pan pu I i (" rto]coglel polocrdulgil)
Karmaraigah, Karukah (+ftql', 6'r5s')
Tam arattai (gnL-orypiclrg)Karamonga, Tdmaratama (s5-J)cA, a-5565)
soltEoL(!(,(goL
o
225
qffi{g qg{r6, srR {osfufus(, il ({.fr.)["Karmarakolmla usna6ca vatahft pittakarakahPakvastu madhuramlah syad balapugtirucipradaf" (Ra.ni.)]
"q,qi{s q-o qpi qtErai ekfirq I
swi fr-f,di iq ils*i qgR cn{ tlercd q q-dgdii n-+{+q g {dq r" (fi.r.)
[" Karmarasya phalam camar.n grahyamlam vatanadakar.nUqnam pittakaram caiva tatpakvap madhurar.n matamnrirtam ca balapusJlnar.n ruce5caiva tu valddhakam" (Ni.ra.)l
(
I
(
I\
226
Coll. No. AVS I97l
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.(Mel ia azadirachta Linn.)
Meliaceae '(t+w-goel
Mal
SanTamTel
EngHinKan
Neem tree, Margosa tree, Indian lilacNim, Nirhb 1fie, f+e)Turakab6vu, HuccabEvu, Cikkabdvu(6OEz3(€. 6)qz3eo -z:r*a*o)Veppu, Aryaveppu, Aruv6pptl, Kaippanvdppu(cori, or96qcod, Grgolcorg, ooo,gcrE cold)
Nimbah, Prabhadrah (F|raf', 9tK,)Vempu, Veppq (GoLLbq, Gouq)Kondavepa, Turakavepa (S-c5.3i' trcs3::)
Distribution: Throughout lndia,in deciduous forests, also widely
cultivatedThe plant: A medium to large sized tree. 15-20 m in height with a clear
bole of 7.0 m having greyish to dark grey tubercled bark; leaves
compound, imparipinnate, leaflets, subopposite. serrate. very
oblique at base: f lowers cream or yellowish white in axil lary panicles.
staminal tubes conspicuous. cylindric, widening above, 9-10 lobed at
the apex, fruits one-seeded drupes with woody endocarp greenish
yellow when ripe. seeds ell ipsoid, cotyledons thick, f leshy and oily'
Parts used: bark, leaves. f lowers, seeds, oil
Properties and uses: The bark is bitter. astringent, acrid, refrigerant,
depurative, antiperiodic, vulnerary, demulcent, insecticidal. l iver
tonic. expectorant, urinary astringent. anthelmintic, pectoral and
tonic. It is useful in vit iated conditions of pilta, hyperdipsia, leprosy,
skin diseases. eczema, leucoderma. pruritus. intermittent and
malarial fevers, wounds, ulcers. burning sensation. tumour,
tubercular glands. anorexia. vomiting, dyspepsia. intestinal worms,
hepatopathy, cough. bronchitis, urorrhea, diabetes. inflammation,
amenorrhoea, lumbago, haemorrhoids, otalgia' syphil is and fatigue'
The leaves are bitter, astringent, acrid. depurative, antiseptic,
ophthalmic, anthelmintic, alexeteric. appetiser. insecticidal'
dimulcent and refrigerant. They are useful in vit iated conditions of
piua, b:urning sensation, leprosy, skin diseases. leucoderma, pruritus.
ophthalmopathy, intestinal worms. dyspepsia. ulcers, tuberculosis.
boiis. eczerna and malarial and intermittent fevers.
22',7
6
, l. t6 l. l
EE
<ir
o.9!
G+,C'G.:!,oN
228
The flowers are bitter. refrigerant. ophthalmic, stomachic,anthelmintic and tonic. They are useful in vit iated conditions of pittaand kapha, burning sensation. ophthalmopatht'. colic. dyspepsia,intestinal worms and general debil ity.
The seeds are bitter, acrid, thermogenic, purgative. emollient,anodyne. anthelmintic, depurative, vulnerary. uterine stimulant andurinary astringent. They are useful in tumours, leprosy. skin diseases.odontalgia. intestinal worms, haemorrhoids, pulmonary tuberculosis.ophthalriropathy, wounds, ulcers, constipation, dystocia. antenataldiseases. urorrhea and diabetes.
The oil is bitter anthelmintic. anodyne and depurative. It is usefulin vit iated conditions of vara, chronic skin diseases. syphil it ic sores,indolent ulcers, ringworm. scabies, intestinal worms, chronicmalarial fever and leprosy.
"31q ffi6, gqq, fqgqq, qrftr1{+] i{q r
sFfi-tro: diqt ffiqsq v+frrrE: tlqq-n iq{frffi qqiq, filsrt+, yfrd, IqrfdEdi|Mr ftf+qiu, rr
s'Mqqq-n iqr qrqr g ffi, | " ({r.fr.)
["Atha nigaditah prabhadrah picumandah paribhadrako nimbahKakaphalah kiresto netaristasca sarvatobhadrahDhamano visirnaparno pavanestah pitasarakah 5itahVaratiktojristaphalo jyesthamalakadca hinguniryasahChardanascagnidhamano jneya narhna tu vimsatih' (Ra.ni.)l
"frq, pqr( ftrgc{ga fugc<a-q 16s6, 1gTfi€, qtftlm{q ft{Frqis E-sh rr" (q.y.)
["Nimbah syat picumardasca picumandasca tiktakahAristah pari bhad ra6ca h i rng u n i ryasa ityapi " (Bna. jra.)l
ffir rrqrci idr Tq-gq-<, qfrfi-s i3Tfr€, €-*Ar(: gqq: ffir{fiF: r1
{-*.eqT-dliq'tr qq}q} ERGtrr, Iil-<? fqFmiq Qinrit r|qEq, l" ($.fr.)
t 'Nimbo niyAmano neta picumandah sutiktakahAristah sarvatobhadrah subhadrah paribhadrakahSukapriyascifnaparno yavanesto varatvacahChardano himguniryasah pitasaro ravipriah" (So.ni.)l
"ffi6, E6g, cr+ og, vfl-dlFr*rc{-q ruT{q€dr sn-(l@{ l@gqqqlqrR yErdi i+sqs rEaFm+qqfr{ rrS€ri srd-q"i @ ffi< I
229
dEt-(c-{fur ftqR qurqlfr ffiq6, 11Vrem t+qq-*s +rs{qrs|s-{rRri r
5frw g qRsr iqrqteqrk{Rrfr trag6q i{qgq a TfrfffirwEq rsmdi *-gcr+' sqRqiiq6cr{r+( rls.-o idn {q cFi +-g+ H og re{ssTgq ted 1-qwi,5fri-qq rrf+q{q rfii tgr qirad
fu'd s?t viliqirfmti Iq,+ tr{iki :rq-{rcqFt
srdqrqd lo frfui a rrftq+qs qwil q 1fugq;ffirs' 1arqq t{qd fu Tfute*qqE( rr3rqqrq€fir( q+r*fu{, cfddrc-q l" (+.fr.)
[" N i mbastiktah kat uh pake lagh uh sitolgn ivatakrtGrahyahrdyo jayet pittakaphamehajvarakrm[nKusthakasarucisvasahrl lasadvayathuvrananGrahi pravalam nimbasya raktapittakaphakrminKusthaghnam vatajanam netrarogan vinasayetTadvat patfani nimbasya vranaghnani visesatahSalaka nimbapatrasya kasaSvasavina6iniKrmighna tu varistha syat kusthajvaravina5iniCaksusyam nirirbapuspam ca krmipittavisapranutVatalam katupakam syat sarvarocakana6anamPhalam tiktam rase pake katukam bhedanam laghuAruksamusnam kuslhaghnam gulmar6ahkrmimehanutNimbasya pakvam madhuram satiktamsnigdham phalam sonitapittarogeKaphe praSastam nayanamayaghnamksataksayaghnam guru picchilam caNimbabijasya majja ca krmikusthavi5odhanahNatyugrlar.n nirirOala1n tiktam krmikusJhakaphapranutAbhyangannavanat ksirabhojinah palitapaham" (Kai.ni.)l-r+q,
{fidr ogqt'6 s-Ec|drjitr{qrq( |sr6a, xrggometr@w3q rr
@ 1f{qri Ea txi FfcFmfuscE( rrqTildi sEq6 q seilr{s-t6j( I+Ri s-o {fr id-ni q+ g W tfi( rlfu'd o{si tBEi laql{i, Tfuqq(|| (qT.e.)[Ni mbah sito laghurgrahi katupakolgnivatanutAh rdyafr Sramatrtkasajvararuci krm ipranut
230
Vranapittakaphacchardikusthahrl lasamehanutNimbapatram smnam netryam krmipittavisapranutVatalam katupakam ca sarvarocakakusthanutNaimbam phalam rase tiktam pake tu katu bheoanamSnigdham laghusnam kusthaghnam gulmarsahkrmimehanut,'(Bha. pfa.)l
'ffi46qs, vfl-a) og, r$qtsfun-fl |
t660-qgsr|{efr ffiba, tr3Tr+i c|qaaiili ElT q€ fucinra-{ rTrigmr FE"i Ao Fkt€ffirq-q rlErdr-*iT[aqq qcroe*q{c-6{ r " (q.tr.)
["Nimbastiktarasah sito laghuh slesmasrapittanutKusthakanduvranan hanti lepaharadisil i tahApakam payayecchopham vranam pakvam visodhayetNatyusnam nimbalam tailam krmikusthakaphapahamVataraktaprasamanam madalakshmijvarapaham', (Dha.ni.)l
rpr<$, qrtqfa {n-didf,ffi+q-*urtffi rEeTsftr1qEffiFs-{
ffiesqffi?-(ffii g qT.Twr Tfu-tqssnq | " ({T.fr.)[" Prabhadrakah prabhavati sitatiktakahkaphavranakrmivam isophasantayeValasabh id bah uvisapittadosajitVisesato hrdayavidahasanti krlNimbatailam tu natyusnam krmikusthakaphApaham" (Ra.ni.)l I
frq{et og, yfl-dfu+dt urfr *-4, qr r3ffis qqgfft146pq, tl{irwrs-*-t qrd ifiir cai rfr gd, r@, r ren Ee s E{(r6 ryq s.rs q. {q|3r€Fq rtriri q i-€ +q is-ffrt( rr$Iqo, qE€{{qfR qr{s} qrcor+, rc{dfrii }aiFi tq +s ffi( rrfrtr ftt+ur dlprfl4i q-d{ 1" 1f{.1.y["l'Jimbavrkso laghuh sitastikto grahi katuh smftahAgnimandyakaradcaiva vranasodhanakarakahSophapakakaro bale hito rudyo mato budhaihKrmivantivranakaphasophapittavisapahahVatam kustham ca hrddaham Sramam kasam jvaram trsamArucim raktadosam ca meham caiva vina6ayet
23r
Komalah pallava6casya grahako vatakarakal;tRaktapittam netlarogap kuslham caiva vina5ayet
Jifnapafnam viSeSena vlapana6akaram matam " (Ni.ra.)l
"Frq{s'TR gqttrt fitnqrtr ffiqd, t
ffi s TF{qfr daTI6s-drtFl s tl
t+q+q {eqvnsr E s,srdrsr{i,rIqtl I
TFrtt€rr nrftr v.-o wi og Eir( tl
futi q H +*i i-egsFqqT{rq t
3TFi q-o tt fu vtd g +3o q6111
fu'ti oErr t€q 1eqqi,lfrt-qq t
Frq-d-qs qwr ! gwd r1fir+rffi tt
FFq+d-{ TEq id-fii 5ka vq r
fqq{srs l_{qr{q rmdmdi {il{ rr
FFi 6"-{ q"i E€ SEi iq ffi( | (Tn. fr.)
["Nimbavlksasya puspani pittaghnani viseSatah
Tiktani ca klmighnani tatha kaphaharani caNimbasya s[ksma6akhA tu kasasvasaJ6ahgulmahaKrmimehahara pfokta phalar.n camam laghu smfar.n
Snigdham ca bhedakam cosnam mehakuslhavinasakar.n
Amam phalam rase tiktam pake tu katukam matar.n
Snigdham laghr.rsnar.n kusthaghnam gulmarSahkrmimehanut
tr,tl moaoijasya majja tu kusJhaghni krminasini
N i mbatailantu kusJhaghnam tiktam krmiharam param
Nirirbavrkgasya pafrcangar.n raktadogaharam matam
Pittam kandum vrar-'ra(n daham kusJham caiva vinasayet " (Sa.ni.)l
coLgilocrio orocer'l a,4lgg] u0omca,or;oSenaoi
ta,1 o14,1"'dooLlofuo nl'lroToo cnc<rocold a'l.lcno rolrD"
(dro(oJldd5mo$ corod6$| a4lstgg (0cDo or(0o
cDc(d)J€oog oa,slgpaer;" crucrn'l.lcoxool'ltDlo cDJ5IDo
oJc{Do aJndOo Ldio'lo,ono LoJ6ID6BBUidO}o (')}5IDo (6)}Gelco" ((,}. dc.)
["Veppinie toli kaccul I u sitamakayumuntatuKpikuglhavisam pittam naSayed dipanam hitamAtyug4amalla veppenna kaccittulla rasam paramDhatukkale ketuppikkum sannipatattinum gunanVatam kustham krmikapham vfanannalkkum gunary tulom" (Gu.pa.)l
t 'itIII
)a)
Ct
B,(N(HSc
a.l-1.
t l(
llL
Bacopa monnieri
DiTh
Pa*i
dr-
+i.t " F
Ph
Coll. No. AVS 1426
Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Pennell(Monniera cuneifolia Michx.)(Herpestis monniera (Linn.) H.B. and K.)
Scrophulariaceae : (+3mT -TeH)
Distribution: Throughout India,in wet places upto 1'200 m elevationThe plant A prostrate or creeping, juicy, succulent, glabrous annual herb
rooting at the nodes with numerous ascending branches: leaves.
simple, opposite, decussate, sessile, obovate-oblong or spatulate.entire, fleshy, obscurely veined, punctate; flowers pale blue orwhitish, axillary, solitary', on long slender pedicles; fruits ovoid. acute,
2-celled, 2-valved capsules, tipped with style base; seeds minute,numerous.
Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is astringent, bitter, sweet, cooling, laxative,
intellect promoting, anodyne, carminative, digestive, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, depurative, cardiotonic,bronchodilator, diuretic, emmenagogue' sudorific, febrifuge and
tonic. It is useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and vata, biliousness,
neuralgia, inflammations, epilepsy, insanity, amentia, tumours' ulcers,
splenomegaly, ascites, dyspepsia, flatulence' constipation, asthma,bronchitis, skin diseases, leprosy, leucoderma, erysipelas, syphilis'hoarseness, strangury, elephantiasis, dysmenorrhoea, sterility, fever
and general debility.
"qqfr iqtq-{fr {sfir+.r {critr q {qfufrr t
ffi s vqn frd, qqt{qrq+: qFrm rr -
(31.q.)
["Brahmi medhajananl rasadhikA saptala ca yavatikatAPhenavatl ca jah.rka dabdaih paryayavacakaih kathita" (A.ma.)l
Eng
HinKanMal
San
TamTel
Thyme leaved gratiolaBarami, Jalnim 1ffi, vofi;Nirbrahmr(h€gbJB rdh mi, Nirbrah m i ( ieru"rion' crfl tnrar"rio'l)
Brahmi, Sarasvati (dr{fr, vrWfrl
Nirpi ram i, Pi ram iyapundu ($rir-lrydl, rflqLdlrr r!ter6l@)Sam brdn icettu (,] oqr c3;e,2)
235
L
.9trcotrGOo7 ,o igtoo
tro
"drqfr w€-fr Cmr r-.wq* d$-drfiefr r" (q.cT.fr.)[" Brahmi sarasvatT soma satyahva brahmacariai " (Ma. pa. ni.)]
"qem sqrdrE rT q Crr{d vtqfr r" (qr.c.)["Brahmi kapotavanga ca somavalli sarasvati" (Bha.pra.)]
"dTq4 €tqr frf{ffiqr ffifl rrdrq$ rilffi'n dqr q {q ilflg-q-d-dr l
' (q.fr.)
[" Brahmi sau mya vi nird ista divyateja mahausad hiKapotavega tvasta ca saiva brahmasuvalcala" (Dha.ni.)l
"qqf t6qr q{r fr+-dr egdq q vfra-ar r6.qrqr qg{r REcrflgqr wrqfi rr*qi qfcra SeqrEMu-q tfesvts-qfdfr -" ( T.s.)
["Brahmi hima sara tikta laghurmedhya ca SitalaKasaya madhura sv-dupAkayusya rasayaniSvarya smrtiprada kuslhapandumehasrakasajitVisa5ophajvarahari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " (Bha.pfa.) l
"drqfi yfdr 6qr.n q tcqar gkc-<t Tdr tfqrg{ffi {ra6T REar ttg' rlsud{ffi 6flr qtrfl q t{lFr;n I
6flr +6 f+i 5e cr"-g +li qi st( u
@r{qd $i s-*iFi +.m.Erdrqqr1si-( rr
- (ft.t. )["Brahmi 5ita kagaya ca tikta buddhiprada mataMedhayuragni.jananl saraka svadula laghuhKanthaSuddhikari hrdrya smrtida ca rasayana
frdva mehar.n visam kugtham pandur.n kasam ivaram jayetSophakandI plihavataraktapittarucirjayetSvasam 5oqam saryadosam kaphavatamayan layet" (Ni.ra.)l
"qqm g nAo'gqT sfFqpqffifi 1q{s,+rllqfr itqr qrmrqic<r cn rrtctr asr sg,q+ vqrg€lq@ l- (rr.fr.)
["Brahmi tu picchilayugya saronmadavimaldiniVayasahsthapani medhya vaksvarasmftida paraTikta hrdya katuh pake Svasa5leSmanikrntani " (Ga.ni.)l
"qqm g tffi {-d itqr fuftr +qn-6r t" (rr..f.)
['Brahml tu bhedini gurvi medhya tikta kaphapaha " (Ra.va.)]
"qqqi ftqT vrr Rqdgdqr rqrq-fr r
) 7 1
€qi qFdl-<r t;sdrfi!-g+dssmkd. ltqq{iTsq.fl - - -'(c.cr.fr.,c.fr.)
["Brahmi hima sara svadurlaghurmedhya rasayaniSvarya smrtiprada kusthapandumehasrakasajitV isa6ophajvarahara . . . . . . . . . . . " (Ma.pa.n i . ,Ma.v i . ) l
"ilEm dqr {0 trffr {i$cru-gqiTr6r Iffi 56-6o-qf ffiq(1" (q.fr.)
["Brahmi saumya rase tikta sophapandujvarapahaDipani kusthakandughni pllhavatavatasajit" (Dha.ni.)l
"agfrqfrfu-sqqffi Id-rRr:P:rFffi iqrdr{s{ftTfl cq rrfuffr 6flr sg,vr+ qml7ffi |
' (d. fr.)["Brahmi ca picchilayusya saronmadavinasiniVayasahsthapani med havAksvarapittada paramTiktA hrdya katuh pake svasaslesmanikmtani" (So.ni.)l
"qr{fr id-ffr s{T leqr EFvw Etrgsrc6-d: I€qi qfdrsdfuqT stfir qr q rsrsfi rrsqsrqqrd rqq fuq{imqnq-o Is.srmFr6r d-e vlu-gldqflqtqE il " (Fs.)
["Brahmi tikta sara medhya kasayA svadupakatahSvarya smrtipradAJJyusya prokta sa ca rasayaniUnmadapasmrtim hanyat visasophajvarapahaKaphavatapaha saiva pandumehasrakasalit" (Sva.)l
Leruo-<iolaeilgg ocuo ooo,cr)u; cn]crDo crdlcorc.democcl) otolo
6,6nolc (D 66r} grE <romimr;. Loleman;oE cac BCo t6ri glo
genaccr) o.lcmcei uoolgpao;. o.r'lcootcna,oo ol(0o (cn]. dc.)
["Brahmikkulla rasam kayppu gunar.n SidsnamayvarumKaphavatannal arsassum vranagulmodarannal umUntayvannal 5amippikkum virecanakaram param" (Gu.pi.)l
Remarks: In Kerala. brahmi is identified as Bacopa monnieri and is sometimescalled nirbrahmi also.
In north India. however, brdhmi is commonly identif ied as Centellaasiatica (Linn.) Urban, which in Malavalam is known as mutti l . l t seemsthat this identification of brahmi as c. asiatica has been in use for lons innorth India. as Hemadri 's 'Commentary on Astangahrdayam'(Ayurv€darasayanam ) treats mandukaparnf ( C.asiatica 1 as a synonym ofbrahmi.
Materia medicas l ike Rajanighanru' and 'Kaiyadevanighantu, followHemadri in treating mandikaparni as a synonym of brahml leading to
23rt
confusion in the identi ty of brdhmf. The author of 'Dhanvantarinighantu',
however. treats mandikapaT4i and mandiki as svnonyms of aditvabhakta(Helianthus annuus Linn.). PV Sharma in 'Dravyagunavi jnan'fol lows
Hemadri and identifies mandtlkaparnf as brdhmf and gives a description ofCentella asiatica. Besides. he uses a Sanskrit name aindri f.or Bacopamonnieri and adds a few propert ies to i t . apart from those that are given forlaghu brahm[ by 'Rajanighantu'. But i t must be noted that no*'here hasaindribeen identi f ied as brdhm[. In Kerala. aindri is identi f ied under rheMalayalam name kattttvellari ( C itrullus coloct nthis (L. ) Schrader).It has to be pointed out that brahm[ and mandikaparni (mandrtkf1 areentirely dif ferent plants. as Susrutasarirtr i t6 in 'Rasdyanavidhi '
describesM andi kaparnis v arasarasav ana and B rahmlsv arasarasay ana separately.Again brahmi and mandikr- have been regarded as two drugs in theformulation of Astdnagaghrtam in'Astdngahrdayam' (Uttaram- Chap.I).
'{qa$Gr qo_{+1 rTq€gd rrar+fr rd$AqrTdT dT{m - ---------il
["Vacendulekha mand[ki sankhapuspi 5atavariB r a h m a s o m a m r t a b r a h m i . . . . . . . . . . " )
Besides, the famous Commentary on 'Astdngahrdayam'by Arunadatta
(SarvAngasudari) treats mandfikaparni as nrandikl only. Further'BhavaprakaSam' , 'Madanapa lan ighantu '
and 'Madanav inodam' a f te rdescribing the properties of brahmf state Ihat mandttkaparn[ possesses alsothe same properties tn-rq cr{*qFFfr). Hence, these two are entirely differentdrugs.
The'Glossary of vegetable drugs in Brahattrayl ' and the'AyurvedicFormulary of India' identify brahml as Bacopa monnieri and mandikaparniand manduki as Centella asiaticu.
Thus, we have to conclude that the brahmi (nirbrahmi) has to beidentified as Bacopa monnieri and mandikaparnl (muuil) as Centellaasiatica.
239
Coll. No. AVS 1435
Baliospermum mont&nwn (Willd.) Muell'Arg.(B.axillare B/.)
Euphorbiacssg ; (Kug-$da
HinKanMalSanTamTel
Danti (cd)KdduharaluNdgandanti,
Danti (r&)
(EDdJdde)))
Danti 1mc<naoor1, oaofl)
Ndkatanti (f"*,s.EB)
Adavidmudamu, Kondadmudamu ! : ^ : . ! \ \ \ A \ \ \ l
Distribution:'I 'hroughout IndiaThe plant: A stout undershrub 0.9 - 1.8 m in height with herbaceous
branches from the roots; leaves simple, sinuate-toothed, upper ones
small, lower ones large. sometimes palmately 3-5 lobed; f lowers
numerous, in axil lary racemes with male flowers above and a few
females below; fruits capsules. 8-13 mm long, obovoid, seeds
ell ipsoid, smooth, mottled.Parts used: roots. leaves. seedsProperties and uses: The roots are acrid, thermogenic, purgative, anti-
inflammatory, anodyne, digestive. anthelmintic, diuretic' diaphoretic,
rubefacient, febrifuge and tonic. They are useful in anasarca. dropsy,
flatulence, constipation. jaundice, haemorrhoids. leprosy' skin
diseases, strangury, vesical calculi. wounds. splenomegaly, anaemia,
leucoderma, fever and vit iated conditions of vata. The leaves are
good for asthma and bronchitis. The seeds are drastic purgative,
rubefacient, hydragogue and stimulant' and are useful in vit iated
conditions of vata, inflammations and flatulence.
"Frqfffi f{gnn q;fr t+n g5afl qfrqr rsqfu* s gufiqt freqH ifu tt++{o-swor im +r+tqqtr+t t*jqfr q ltRfr {rd, qqlffi, rl " (31.{.)["Nirddisyate nikumbho danti citra mukulaka Sighra
Upacitfa ca visalya ghunapflya tiksnarecanl ceti
SaiveraqQaphala prokta kakodumbarapatrika
240
241
Sfansani ca mukundeti sabdaih paryayavacakaih" (A.ma.)l
-(S {nsr Yaqqr{r f{5Elfr
{rrreimr <fid-fr rilTfd{r IrrET Fsr ffi qg{-ol
fr,qeqt Rrg-m-q:f,T Fvreqr rrcggfto-sser rfltko-sqF-+r rsE'qrs6r +E doufr q$e$ rrF{inrn a tffi q iqr qttr+firqqqr r "({r.ft.)
["Danti sighya Syenaghar.rta nikumbhinagasphota dantini copacitraBhadra rr.rksa rocani cAnuk0lanihsalya syadvakradanta vi5alyaMad hupu gpairandaphala bhadranyerandapatf kAUdumbaradala caiva taruni car;rurevatiVisodhani ca kurirbhi ca jneya cagnikarahvaya " (Ra.ni.)l
"trmrF,Flffi fq{hrfi I+i€qo€qr nwn rrffi sddstr-( r" (c.fr.)
["Tikta krmivisacchardirkaphasraghni visodhaniKo$ha6ulahara coEna nagini sarvadosarit" (Ma.ni.)l
"q{ q-q|{sqr qp$ $6q3ffi r6u-Ecrcrq-6r tquifirfr lF6qw r " (rr.fr.)
["Danti vahnisama pake sophadadruvinasiniKandup-mapaha kusthadhvansini krmihrt para (Ga.ni.)l
"<d freoilEr{q,g6r qq-drd6q-r}q r31qilETrr{Tfrrloqefr ffinrfr l" (q.fr.)
["Danti tiksnos4akaluka kaphavatodaran jayetnrsovppsmari60tan hanti dipanasodhani"(Dha. ni.)l
"<-S 6-{ElT qun-e1frqqrFfr a m rq{ffirfr ffi c{r n" ({r.F.)
['Dantl katusna s[lamatvagdogasamani ca saArsovrana6marisalyasodhani dipani para' (Ra. n i.)l
cnccnacrofloorol4tggl ol6rDo ofladcemc"democcr) orc1.
cnlooonn ooglcolgccnlooLoolo ar;onoco) orc]. (crll..Jc.)
[Nagadantiyericcullu gunam tiksnosnamayvarumNiratte teliyippanumetfayum gunamayvarury" (Gu.pa.!
Remarks: 'Abhidhanamafljari' describes two more varieties of this plant viz.velutta nagadanti and cerunagadanti.
242
. . G-(+r-ri F{ cr+ rS q s3:dq+q r
Tsr€wqTI$Rf :nu{tshEr6-fl | Itreptr60i ER fo{rsqrwirrdc.f*-t r" (qT.c)["Dantidvayam saram pake ras€ ca katudipanamGudanguraSmasularsahkandukustavidahanut
Tiksnosnam hanti pit tasrakapha6ophodarakrmin (Bha.pn.)]
Bhavaprakasam' describes two varieties brhaddantt and laghttdan lr- (big andsmall) and gives the same propert ies for both and i ts commentator identi f ies\rhaddanti as Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.
Hcrnever, the synonyms given for dantl, viialava is considered to be mEntonni'(jloriosa superha Linn.) and nikumbha as nalkolppakonna (whrte variety ofr )nerculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso) by Ayurvedic practitioners.
. .: !.dian Medicinal Plants, gives the Malayalam names danttka, nirvafam. -':.:. attukku, nagadanti and nlratimuttu for Baliospermum montanum and says. : i the seeds are some t imes used as a substi tute for Croton t igl ium. (Again, the.-: :or adds that the root is considered cathart ic, and is useful in anasarca. droosv.-, : ,aundice.) From these quotations i t is clear that the Malayalam name.--- :.),,t /Croton rig/ium ) given for rhis is a misnomer.
.-, ^.\ e r. rn all Ayurvedic preparations wherever the names dantt and nagadantt
. -r : :entioned, the root of B. montanunr is being used.
1 ^ az+-)
C,r//. .\'r.,. AVS 2286
B ambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd.Bambusaceae : (q{t-toqJ
EngH i nKanMalSanTamTel
Thorny bambooBarirs, Kantabdms (ei-q, +-u--d-q)
Bedru (dUMula, l l l i (otg, pf l l )
Varh6ah, Venuh (cl-{t', E[u1")
M ul m 0n kil (gD6iTqgrL,r6on )Vedurubiyyam, Veduruppu, l) : jL3)\c.
Distr ibut ion: Throughout lnd ia, in arcas upto 2.100 m c lcvat ion
The p lant : A ta l l thornv bambot) upto 30 m in hc ight wi th manv stems.
tu l tcd on stout root s tock. nodcs prc lmincnt . the l t lwest r t l t l t ing.
in ternodes upto 45 cm long. s tem shcalh cor iaccous. orangc-vc l low.
st rcaked. g labrous or puberulous bencath. base roundcd. c i l ia tc ' . t ip
st i f l ' , midr ib narrow. lcaf sheaths wi th a shor t br is t ly aur ic lc . l igu le
short : sp ikelc ts g labrous. ve l low or y 'e l lowish grcen. in very lonq
panic les. of ten occupyrng thc whole stcn.r . f lora l g lumcs.3-7 in
number, the uppcrmost 1-3 male or ncuter . lod iculcs 3. hyal inc ' I 3
nerved, c i l ia tc : f ru i ts oblong gra ins. beakcd by the sty lc base.
grooved on one sidc.Parts used: roots. leaves. sprouts. grains and bamboo manna
Properties and uses: The roots are sweet. astringent. cooling' laxative.
depurat ive, d iuret ic and tonic . Thev are usefu l in v i t ia ted condi t ions
of kapha and pitta,lcprosv. skin diseases. burning sensation.
d iscokrurat i t )ns. s t rangur l ' . r ingrvornr . u lorrhca. ar thra lg ia andgeneral debi l i ty . The leaves are sweet . ast r inge nt . cool ing.
emmenagogue, ophthalmic. vulnerarv. constipating and febrifugc.
They arc useful in vit iated conditions of pittu, ophthalmopathy.
lumbago, haemorrhoids, d iarrhoea. gonorrhoca. amenorrhoea,
dysmenorrhoea. wounds, skin diseases and fever. The sprouts are
acrid, bitter laxative. thermogenic. anti-inflammatory, digestive.
carminative, anthelmintic and diuretic. They are useful in
inflammations, ulcers and wounds. dyspepsia. nausea. intestinal
worms, flatulence and strangury. The grains are acrid. sweet.
thermogenic, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac. alexeteric and tonic. They
are useful in vit iated conditions of kapha, urorrhea, intestinal worms
244
Ge
Q' EE|r)
\>p
o(Df
!
Io)O
r>l !
cLoooJtlEoo
> oo i c- X
3 oo 9
o@
o)
1 A <
and general debility.The 'bamboo manna' is the sil iceous secretion found in the
internodes of the stems of various species of bamboo. It occurs infragments or masses, and is translucent or transparent and of bluishwhite colour. It is astringent, acrid, sweet, cooling, expectorant,constipating, cardiotonic, haemostatic, aphrodisiac, diuretic,febrifuge and tonic. It is useful in vitiated conditions of pilta andkap ha, vomiting, diarrhoea, hyperdipsia. burning sensation, leprosy.jaundice, cardiac diseases, haemoptysis. haematemesis,haemorrhages, bronchitis. cough, asthma. tuberculosis, strangury,stomatit is, syphil is. fever, ophthalmia and general debil ity.
'ffI AE,qd {ilq-qi rrereit +-ertF{: I
eEsT{qur*-g, g#++, #qor q-qq-or {qr( il" (q.q.)
["Vam6o venuh parvi sataparva maskarasca kalmagahTvaksdrastrnaketuh sutinakah kicaka yavaphala syat" (A.ma.)l
"qffi qw-t d-{fr gc-di yqrrqpsq: Ieiqil }EffiilRure+q, tl
vmq-qi vr<qro, 6-qffiqqR-6, r " (*.fr.)
["Kicako maskaro vandi suparva gatpadalayahVarir5o veluryavaphalastmaketustmad hvajahSataparva sabdamalah karmarastvacisarakah" (Kai.ni.)l
"u11q-+m-dt iE, +qkq"r-#g+, rq16{: {rf,qqi q i6uaro: qo-e+1 aen ttq-6ri-dt T6rJFr@ vgfq, 1
u-1dt Eaor-sw Rrit <rop1fo6, 11
sTlTrq 6-frit qvrqgrq zrqsor€I: I
a-s qfuq so, cd aqr +ru-sqfrryq n " (rt.fr.)["Vam6o yavaphalo venuh karmarastmaketukahMaskarah Sataparva ca kantaluh kantaki tathaMahabalo dt'dhagrandhirdrdhapatro dhanurdrumahDhanugyo drdhakandasca vijfreyo banabhumitahVam6agrastu kaniro vamsanku radca yavaphalankurahTasya granthistu paruh parva tatha kandasandhisca " (Ra.ni.)l
-<qr' {t itc, Rrs oqrrit qfta-{inr+, r
ei-qq, *,sknq, g6ruEvRhsfu( 11
a-6-fr{, 69, cr+ A FQt 95, qq' 1
s-srq: 6s-:f-(REffi q16foq5, il- (qT.y.)
I Vanrsah saro himah svadul;r kaSayo vasti5odhanah
l-16
Chedanah kaphapittaghnah kuslhaspvpqrasophajitTatkariral] katuh pake rase rukgo gurulr saraf.rKaqayah kaphakrt svddurvidahi vatapittalah" (Bha.pfa.)l
'dTFGr6:q,qr.r{q argfdffiFq {frild, r
{rf-qcl-6r{i,fctrfl6rsHrvl{: I r
nmruflETqdt €WfttuK r" (q.tr.)[" Vansastvamlah kaEaya5ca ka! uti ktasca sital ahM utrakrcchrapramehaJ'safpittadahasrana6anahPittasradahakrcchraghno rucik[paryanirguna1n " (Dha.ni.)]
"-irfr ie6l oqrd q WsRd e rffi r
a*gqrM,fimcrourwri rro-fri Wtmra +vni 69 lfrirat rtrrmqeq Etu5--(qd i{'K r" ({.fr.)["Varirsau tvamlau kasayau ca kifrcittiktau ca sitalauM r.rtrakrcchraprameharsahpittadahasrana5anauKariram katutiktamlam kasayam laghu SitalamPittasradAhakrcchraghnam ruci krt parva nirg unam " (Ra. ni.)l
"dTr< {trtrd, FIg, qqrd qftng}q-4, I}({: qffifrilFtqeilq.-f,ufiq€: tiT6-fr{: 69: cr+ {A €Qt g€, s1, Isqr.r: {t}qd, sgffi q16fr65' [' (+.fr.)
["VamSastu sital ah svad ull kasayo vasti6odhanallChedanah kaphapittasrakuqthasophavranapahahTatkarirah katuh pake rase rukso guruh sarahKaqayah sl esmal af.r svadurvidahi vatapittal ah " (Kai. n i.)l
"dvil aqrs+iqnfq4, 1i1q-4gs, 1!qf, 6-frtt, I{q: q'sqrcilqimil rr" (fr.fr.)
["Vam5o vfanas!'asambharabhedanah sophanasanaf.rVenoh kariral;r guravah kaphamarutakopanah " (So. ni.)l
: {frrls: {r(d qa, tqft6qfu6q' qts-"Aqn ffi1qa' ls.q. rtr5si fini SB sM doi aql r
TrfqcM1<r6{iq ffi( rr " (fr.r.)
['Varh5ojmlastuvarastiktafr frtalah sarako matahVasti5uddhikaral-r svad ucchedano bhedako matahKaphaq raktarujar.n pittam kusthar.n sopham vplar.n tathaM[tpklcchlapfamehaf6an dahafrcaiva vina5ayet" (Ni.ra.)]
247
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Bamboo grainsBdms kd cdval (irs 6I sl-l-o)Bidrakki (z16$er$JMulayari (o]go,ql)Varh Sayavar.n (q{Ffs)Munkil ari6i (qgrnGlou eflO)Ved0rub6am (3or64c$\o)
'ffi tgd-q{-q {q-$ {q-6uga, rd{rqFi s eyn{d futirrBw qdrr" (t.fr.)["Veaujo verlubijasca varirsajo vam6atandulahVamsadhanyar.n ca vam5ahvo venuvansadvidha yavar.n " (Ra. ni.)l
'yfl-d, +.qrd rgtq stt
@emwwrS f u q + 4 q c o q c iftilrqd aErrq, v{re, tt" ({.fr.)
l"Sitan kasayo madhurastu rukgomehakfmi6leEmavi gapaha5caPuslim ca viryam ca balar.n ca dattepittapaho venuyavaf.r prasastaf.r" (Ra. n i.)l
"dvrw g qffi d{cfrif q qtFrot rtirtqcsT igq-ql M Evr*a-+1 rr
+fdqqi+ffrq-{r"(3r.c.)["Varhdaja tu bhavedvan6l vansakslri ca vansikaVamSodbhava venubhava vaipavi tmaketakiVarirdarocani ka ceti paryayairyamSarocana" (A. ma.)l
"RniTrird{I ffi gtnstfr iFI {q1 |d*frt tivm {x d$cfrt s M n' (ql.e.)
[" Syadvarir6arocanA vamdi tu gakgiri tu gja su bhaTvakksirl varh6aja Subhra varirdakgiri ca vainavi " (Bhd.pra.)l
248
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Bamboo mannaVarhSal6c ftfurdrqlBidru (aadr)Mulahkarpp0ram, Mulankall[ 1a1ge,dd]o., 0]96,S)Varh 6ar6can a (qYRIq{r)Mulankarp0ram (qgorrrirs$grLb)Veduruppu (35D6CJ)
"riTrqr iituft g6qT qen rqrfi q ffrrar r
{sTl6T€q{{qrqqTqfrfltss'Frcr, | |ttq gE dui cr5i +vrqr qrd-f-qfu( t- (qT.q.)
["VarirSaja bfrirhani vrsya balya svadvi ca sitalaTJgnakasajvara6vasaksayapittasrakamalAhHaret kustham vranam pandum kasaya vatakrcchrajit" (Bha.pra.)l
'gqr €sTr g gfl cg{r rmqkt-q r
d-at qqa51urfi g.ut qqkq+fr rrq € q r @ l
rffki iqi 5;g srq-dr crugtqo.t tl
ErE Esr aor gEq * q {r{dr( rqrdd +q Rq ffi, rr' (fr.r.)
["Tuga rrlksa tu tuvara madhura raktasuddhikrtSita 5ubhavaha grahi vrsya dhatuvivardhaniBalya ksayasvasakasaraktadosaruci pranutRaktapittam jvaram ku9!ham kamalam pandurogakamDaham trsam vranam mr-rtrakrcchrar.n daham ca nariayetVataghni caiva vijneya vaidyasAstravisiaradaih' (Ni.ra.)l
249
Coll. No. AVS 1638
Baningtonia acutangula (Linn.) Gaertn.Barringtoniaceae : (W5<WO-+Oq)
Distribution: Throughout India,in deciduous and evergreen forests, mostlyalong the banks of rivers, streams and tanks
The plant A medium sized glabrous tree 1O-15 m in height with pale greyslender young branches and rough dark brown bark; leaves simple,alternate, obovate-oblong or elliptic-cuneate, the margins minutelydenticulate or crenulate, main nerves 10-13 pairs; flowers fragrant,dark scarlet, in pendulous many flowered racemes; fruits bluntlyquadrangular, narrowed towards the ends, crowned by a smallpersistent calyx.
Parts used: roots, leaves, fruitsProperties and uses: The roots are bitter, cooling, aperient, antipyretic,
stimulant and emetic. They are useful in catarrh, intermittent fevers,splenomegaly and constipation. It is similar to'cinchona' in actionwhen administered in malarial fever. The leaves are bitter.constipating and tonic, and are useful in diarrhoea and dysentry. Thefruits are acrid, bitter, cooling, anthelmintic, galactagogue, alexeteric,vulnerary, dgpurative, emetic, purgative, expectorant, diuretic,emmenagogue and antipyretic. They are useful in vitiated conditionsof pitta, colic, intestinal worms, agalactia, wounds, ulcers, skindiseases, leprosy, splenomegaly, cough, bronchitis, strangury,dysmenorrhoea, intermittent fevers, ophthalmitis, cephalalgia,lumbago, syphilis, nasal catarrh and hallucinations.
"{rTfirc sqd wq( troTftt( |sgEs-dFrflR crq qrai ftryqrq|, n" ({r.ft.)
250
EngHinKanMal
SanTamTel
Indian oak. Small Indian oakSamudraphal (sg<so)
H6lekavau (drdceJddD)
Nirp€lu, Af{up6lu, Samudraphalam
1cr!16^Ld, orOglc"-rd, m)olLao-oeb)Samudraphalah (v5<Wo';
Samuttirappalap (+qglpi$tqu upLb)Kanapa, Kanigi (sJb, s,l^)
Barringtonia acutangula
251
["Samudranama prathamam paScat phalamudaharetSamudraphalmityadi nama vacyam bhisagvaraih" (Ra.ni.)l
'wo vgc+a 6-{6orfirfr
qrcrqi Wi+ittrenfr rfr'ffis1firyqqlRfutrrfirt l" ({I.fr.)
["Phalam samudrasya katlsnakarivatapaham bhutanirodhakariTlidogadavanaladosaharikaphamayabhrantivirodhakari " (Ra.ni.)l
's1eR s?t drsi trni +q ffiqfwq r
qd q r1-imqr s +.s utR fqrtrrql rrqld Emi-or@i s rwrlRfr +iffi-q rwda q\5r {ii tqFfr-{r{r6t cq rr" (fr.r.)["Samudrasya phalap cogpar.n tiktam caiva tridosajitVatam ca bhutabadham ca kapham bhrantim sirorujamDosam davanalakhyam ca nasayediti kirttitamJalena ghrstva pitam cet krminasakaram param " (Ni.ra.)l
252
Coll. No. AVS 1498
Basella alba vur. rubra (Linn.) Stewart(=B.rubra Linn.)
Basellaceae fgilfot-tot I
Distribution: Throughout India, cultivatedThe plant A perennial.succulent glabrous twining herb with white or red
branches; leaves simple, alternate, broadly ovate, acute oracuminate, cordate at base, thick, lamina narrowed int6 petiole;flowers white or red in spikes, bracteoles longer than perianth; fruitsred, white or black, globose, utricle enclosed in the perianth.
Parts used: stems, leavesProperties and uses: The stems and leaves are sweet, cooling, emollient,
aphrodisiac, laxative, haemostatic, appetiser, sedative, diuretic,demulcent, maturate and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditionsof pitta, burning sensation, constipation, flatulence, anorexia,haemorrhages, haemoptysis, sleeplessness, pruritus, leprosy,urticaria, ulcers, dysentery, gonorrhoea, balanitis, strangury fatigueand general debility. They are especially useful as a laxative inchildren and pregnant women.
"scY€{"*T qd ftfuca<qr Rra r
Tnq-dr (tr<u-er rtrfi:<t s Rr qf,r r" (ffl.fr.)
["Upodaky[rdhvaga valli picchilacchadana sthiraVfttapatfa raktada4Qa raktablja ca sa smfa " (Si.ni.)l
"qrrqritR-fi m g qrad Til{trri r' (til.s.)
["Potakyupodikd sA tu malavi m;tavallari" (BhA.pfa.)]
:qttrq:frffiI rriw{;rd VgErfr {-{s-a t
EngHin
Indian spinachPdi, Ldlbiclu (9f4, oriry)Bansali (z.rd,O)Va6alacciralBa6alaccira loLvog4tlo, 6nrcg4||o)Upodiki tsitfc+tlVaSalakkirai, Sivappu va6alakkirai(or+6ndB6orq, G)ouq orcon&8coq)Baccali(ar53O)
KanMalSanTam
Tel
253
Basella alba var. rubra
254
fra;k+r aod a g5qfr +o-r+1 aw rrF(d frfuor iq Wr q-fdr+r q-dr r" (+.fr.)["Potakyupodaka matsyakali sutungl sankatiKalambika vrkantri ca turangi kantakl tathaMadaghni picchila jneya vftta madalika mata" (Kai.ni.)l
"qld-+1{fl-d-dr futqr v$q6 srdp-q( |er6s-{qr Rfuor t{qrUEaET r<firrfu( rreoo ok5qc?4r {€uil Effi!fr t" (qT.q.)[" Potaki Sital a snigd ha 6l esmal a vatapittanutAkanthya picchila nidrasukl ada raktapitta.i itBalada rucikrt pathya brrhhani tptikarini" (Bha.pra.)l
si-€r l6cr furqr RrsqsrqT q<t I€nRI ylq61q6qr fufit{dlfrgfrEt 11er+u-fl frfuor.A ttfimqclFo|l | (+.fr.)["Upodaka hima snigdha svadupakarasa saraSaksara 5lesmala balya nidra6uklatipustidaAkanthya picchila hanti raktapittamadanilan" (Kai.ni.)l
"gffi qqrqlwn $3isr qgrt q qt IfrqrjJotn.<rfr 6qr fuq[iMufr l' ({r.fr.)["Upodaki kasayosna katuka madhura ca saN id raJJlasyakari rucya vistambha6l esmakarini " (Ra. ni.)I
"BQffir va fu'qr qer vdrqofr ftqr retgcm{qr gw arttfu+e-<n-o n" (S.fr.)["Upodaka sara snigdha balya Slegmakarl himaSvadupakarasa vrsya vatapittamadapaha" (So.ni.)l
"o0$o oron;H] oj@gar)€ooflrn;o ocu;oo (o(TUo
olcDLdrcooocuJo a.r1(unDo aJldlqmp o.r'l"srooc(mccocaenicurconog uoolgpgcoE ooorolor;oreoilccng,o.r;"." (ol..lc.)
[" Effar.n tanuppu varialaykkati num madhuram rasamGulmapramehavur.n pittam tippu1num visamennoroDanQannale Samippippan Saktiyuntatine(favur.n " (Gu.pa.)l
255
Coll. No. AVS 1161
B auh in i a v ari e g a t a Linn.
HinKanMal
SanTamTel
Cae salpi n i ace ae : to"znt+cqq -1;oa
Kancanar (tfi.fmfiR)
Kempumanddra (iio{droood)
Manddram, Cuvannamanddram, Malayakatti, Konnu,
Konnumandaram lacncoo, IJIoJ(TDOCBCOo, O€JC)6>(6rO'1,
OO,CCCrllOcr]Co.)
Kdfr candrah, K6viddrah (S'rc[q{R:, q}kfl-(,)
Sigappu manddraii (CIsuq Lo$grcoq)Devakancanamu (dJs-oJJJ))
Distribution: Throughout India,in areas upto 1,800m elevationThe plant: A moderate sized deciduous tree with vertically cracked grey
bark, wood moderately hard. greyish brown with irregular darkerpatches; leaves of 2 leaflets. connate for about two-thirds up, leafletsovate. rounded at apex, 10-15cm long, pubescent beneath whenyoung, coriaceous; f lowers white or pink, the uppermost petal
darker and variegated, usually appearing before the leaves in shortaxil lary or terminal racemes, stamens 5, staminodes absent, fruits f latdehiscent pods, seeds 10-15.
Parts used: roots. barkProperties and uses: The roots and bark are astringent, acrid, cooling,
constipating, depurative, anthelmintic. vulnerary, anti-infl ammatoryand styptic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of pitta and kapha,diarrhoea, dysentery, skin diseases, leprosy, intestinal worms,tumours, wounds, ulcers, inflammations, scrofula, proctoptosis.haemorrhoids, haemoptysis. cough, menorrhagia and diabetes.
":FtarFTR: flq+riil rp-gfi, qfrqgqq, 1
dtffic+'t(il6} grqqi-s: tlgrs-d drsg6qq-qr{ca-6: sq*{fr t" (qr.c.)
["Kaflcanarah kaficanako gandarih SonapuqpakahKovidarascamarikall kuddalo yugmapatrakahKundall tamrapu6pa5ca6mantakafr svalpakesari " (Bha.pra.)l
"sdr$Itrts; dfuEn, $-so, gu-ed td r
2s6
Bauhinia variegata
257
: t-{EtA: R-g+{R: tldrdqwn flqsi-dr sqls) qi61, I
ttsdlc{,qfu, qffi, EntottFTlGF: u" (+.fr.)
l"Asph6takah kovidaral;r ku4dalah kundali kullUdda! aka6camarikal;r kudda! ah sval pakesardrKollya6ah kafrcanako bhramaresto manoharahRaktapuEpoiparah Svetah pakarih kafl canArakah- (Kai.ni.)l
"sl-Wqrt fum qrfr ga1, sffi63q Ilfrgugqrigrrru-swor*unw, rrdi+<Tiljfr daer(mi gw og Ed( |Fsi TiTIft ftrur<w-+rqq il" (qr.q.)["Kafrcanaro himo grahi tuvarah 6lesmapittanutKrmikusthagudabhransagandamalavranapahahKovidarolpi tadvatsyat tayoh puspam laghu smnamRtlksam sariprahi pittasrapradaraksayakasanut" (Bha. pra.)l
"Tfi< 6wfi, {fra, qtr Eqffiqr,rsimqqt ur$ qqtmqsrf+t rrTo-sqteRffifunwqT-dR-q aVr\ t
Td{i {ftfui {rflt{ltqs{q q tl{frdi Esi Fsr riTrR cgr og Itfti si?i s rd +.Ri cmoi *( rr{nd{q 6rEs-n qrfr E-{it rrg: {ir: Iu;rfu q'q1' Vq rcl-ds{cflffi lurryata I! {ftq( ll+1ffi frq{, Rro.qFiI qqiqor: I1ffi gpq, sg, pffig frq, rr
{rTqi fdq{q dni Ere 6q deIT Iski d-qqgun tftltn{rr;Tgulaq 11qt"d{g flqq-n ilEi qM dvrt(M: I
E*it {-*tqs ssqrd[q {r{Fr: ll6,qf,{-ffI {frf5li fidq{q ffiq r6qs qffi xRfq, qwEfrrfu, il (fr.{.)
[" Raktastu kafr canafi 6itah saro hyagnipradipanahSamppktastuvaro grahi kaphapittavra4akJminGandamSlaraktapittakust havataridca nasayetGudablarifar.n raktapittam na5ayetpuspamasya caSitalam tuvaram r[kgam sariprahi madhuram laghuPittam ksayar.n ca pladaram kasam raktarujar.n haretSvetastu kAfrcano grahi tuvaro madhurah smrtahRucyo rrJkgl1 Svasakasapittaraktavi karahaKsatapfadaranut prokto guna6canye tu raktavat
258
Kovidaro dipanah syatkaqayo vpqaropapf.tSarirgrahi sarakal.r svaduh pamasakesu cottamahMutfak!'cch!'am tridogr.n ca 5oqam daham kapham tathaVatap haret puqpagunah raktakafrcanapugpavatPitastu kafrcano grahi dlpano vlapropapl.tTuvaro mrltlak.rcchpsya kaphavayvosca nasanahKafrcanyukta 5iparujam tridoSatn ca vinasayetStanyasya valdhanakari ni bhih srl ksmada;'si bh i h " (N i. ra.)l
"dfu(R, rntTrq: FIK riqrfi quftqq, r
*q{' +.m-qrdd qr5-qFr+€vr, r" (rt.fr.)["Kovidarah kaqayah syat sanprahi vranaropanahDipanall kaphavataghno m0trakrcchran ibarha4ah" (Ra. n i.)l
frfu(R:*-qnrq 1ffi qqftvq, Iqueq-orgqivrsrq-q, t;6+fl-6r I t" (q.fr . )
[" Kovidarah kagayastu sangrahi vranaropanahGandamalagudabhlam6a5amanah kusthakesaha " (Dha.ni.)l
"+1ffir H qr0 +qrq' +qFmfu( rwsqroFfqs{rcuqw5fi-t q}q t t(6-Eq 6rqri fu, Ti gq iEri T5 |+.qr.i qgi cr+ {t TiqrF€ itqq rlser s.rsqrry{qfr"rsqq{Tq rr" (s.fr.)["Kovidaro himo grahi kasayah kaphapittajitGandamalAg udabhlansavranakusthakrmin jayet
Tadvacca kaicano jneyah tayoh puqpam himam guruKagaya1n madhuram pake rase sangrahi rocanamR0ksam kasakgayasvasapittasrapradarapaham'' (Kai.ni.)l
"qik(R, W,q+ oqpfr qg1, qqt 1
+,sFrtir qrfr CFqffil-+( r" (fr.fr.)["Kovidarafr katuh pake kaqayo madhurah paramKaphapittaharo grahl kifrcinmarutakopanam" (So.ni.)l
"6.r{d{rt f6ril qrfr gq{' {dqfrf,{E I
TfutsgqliTFru-€qrorcuflT€, t t+iffirJfr ie'Ftqrq*i qki adrdg r
€sT TiIIR fuarurcmr+rqq il' (c.qr.fr.)
["Kaficanaro himo grahi tuvarah SlegmapittanutKrm i kuslhag udabhrari€agandam alavf anapahahKovidaroJpi tadvatsyatpuEpam Sitam tayorlaghuRrlkqam sarirgr6hi pittasrapradarakgatakasanut" (Ma.pa.ni.)l
2s9
'acocog; ol6m)roolgg] <nlo;olcarct;loleneoi
"-r1onc<4"doeonogrootl6gcoi <naorlot;erreorlccngotlo." (<nl.o-tc)
[" Mantarapp0 tanuttu| | u guruvakayumul!atqlPitta5legmannalettirppan saktiyur3tatineffavaur.n " (Gu. pa.)l
Remarks: tn'.satigramanigha4tubhusanaln', kovidara is identified as Bauhinia
variegata and B. purpurea. BuI in'Kaiyadevanighantu' B.variegata is the
Latin name given for kaiicanara and B.purpurea for kovidara. ln'NighanIuratnakaram' five types viz. raktakaiicanararn, svetakaficanaram,
kovidaram, pitakaiicanaram and karicani are mentioned.
"dfu(R, {}65q} gffir grqqtFF: I
$-d-stEd $ftftff{: {f(tf: q*d qd-( rr
flqq-{Ti c-6rl Cno.ie-q grqrijq frpq6, 1
oqrdt rmgqw +lc-{d Y-qrce rr
6)fu(R' qqq' grqrt{w{effi ' r'
["Kovidarah svetapuspo susimbo yugmapatpkaf.r
DfdhakasJho raktasarah padapah parvato bhavetKafrcanaro mahan kifrcit yugmapatloJtha sirirOaXahKagayo raktapuspa5ca kananadau pfajayate
Kovidarah pitpuspah yugmapatrollpavrksakah"l
'Sivadattanighantu'refers to three kinds of kaficanaraviz. white, red and yellow,
based on the colour of the flowers. The Latin names for kaficanara as given in the
commentary of 'Dhanvantarinighantu', commentary of 'Rajanigha4[u' and'Bhavaprakaiam' are B.purpurea, B.acuminata and B. variegata, respectively. In'Dravyagunavtjfran' kaficanala is identified as B. variegatc indicating B.purpurea as
raktakovidara, and B.tomentosa as pftakaficanara. In 'lndian Medicinal Plants' the
Sanskrit name given for B. tomentosais pitakaficandra and for B. racemosa
ivetakahcanara. There is also a mention that raktapuspakovidara is B.purpurea,
and kovidara and raktapuppa is B. variegata,In 'The Ayurvedic Formulary of India' kovidara is identified as
B. variegata.For kovidara and kancanara, in certain parts of Kerala
B. tomentosa (maririamandaram) is being used.
260
Coll. No. AVS 1985
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.(B. cerifera Savi)
Cucurbitaceae: (ffi-goa
Distribution: Cultivated throughout India in plains and hil lsThe plant: A large trail ing gourd climbing by means of tendrils; leaves
large. hispid beneath: f lowers yellow. unisexual. male peduncle7.5-10 cm long. female peduncle shorter; fruits broadly cylindric.30-45 cm long. hairy throughout. ult imately covered with a waxybloom.
Parts used: fruits. seedsProperties and uses: The fruits are sweet, cooling. styptic, laxative.
diuretic, tonic. aphrodisiac and antiperiodic. They are useful inasthma. cough. diabetes. haemoptysis, haemorrhages from internalorgans. epilepsy, fever and vit iated conditions of pitta. The seeds aresweet, cooling and anthelmintic. and are useful in dry cough, fever,urethrorrhea. syphil is. hyperdipsia and vit iated conditions of pitta.
$rTlug: 65tr-g sq$-dr +teail Tesor q rq-d{riit Tdqtrfr qfl66, 6gqi gd6-6r@r: rl
T{qrrdld d€r dE{Fs: {E-d[q Awrrd r
3rrfd-+i Tflrno, qfi'qo: frqlq: sq lr" (3{.c.)
["Ku5mindah kakubhandam pusyaphal- kohali brnatphala caPhalaralo gulayogi mahaphalah kathyate gulaphalakhyahK[Sman$oJnyo tatva latvekah tunatasca kuSmandAmgulako vrttaphalah 5[kaphalah pitapuspah syat" (A.ma.)]
"*'{qru-s st€qso fi-c5"{ qtffi-d( r- (ril.c.)
["K06manQam syatpuspaphalam pitapuspam brhatphalam' (Bha.pra.)]
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Ash gourd, White gourd melonPetha, Raksd 1fui, r+-w)Budikumbala (a,roadrozro)
Kurh palam (a,lmlg.)Ku6mdndah 1lgcrs-g')P0Sanikkdi (g+curfl&snur)Budidagummadi ra:r &o,r:r:;C. r
261
(0,pCL.2
ooo(,.stroo ()
3G
g
tro)
o;itrgoE
cnj
t n /
IECTu-CJ -a i - t q l t \
5+ff idfri{fu'" Kusma3alam p' . ' ' ddhan
, d > u > u u
--5CT0-SE.; . . . ̂ -
) q ) L t € o
. : J
- - - :J -! , z i i q i
? r i a i l ? l
-+rc-ai ::=iag ?
' . - r a -
_Mr - a f 1 l 6 d
' ' ( , iS rn3
, as: rsudr - ' J f U K
r r . . .1 ,^ r .' - r l O g r l ,
:.'ccakar
, i:oreto'.; ' < n m t l
I-a^^radil
l -oakarrSa-, adol. : s i sud ' .
- :- _ . i , 1 c
j--4 d
- -- ! - - f q r F
' t r - a n h
S - < a m l .
Sa". ado:
=-FF-OT
' ' ' 3 , p h z
i - - > u u r
wcru-s T6ur qq I€ lcilrsqrtr{( |qrct tr{rcji vfrd' q*a-i sqsRs"t llT6 qrtdfr{ eg seid frqc og rqnaga+r Aftt''E({ddsfuE l" (qr.c.)
[" K[6mandam brmhanam v.rgyar.n guru pittasrav-tanutBalam pittapaham 5itam madhyamam kaphakarakamVrddham natihimam svadu sakgaram dipanam laghuVasti6uddhikaram cetorogahrt sarvdosarit" (Bha. pra.)l
gw5@qtsftd{k-+.t s {trda( rl.I5 Fs{ q15 ? Aa 6.crer{ Ttr( r
Flstd st€ a 1*f-qffi Ewr ttern-ds qrdki fri raa-si aqr r
q <rwAkfr Rqdt rld-dqai qlftwfti Wrcn-ot rilqe?Tc +'s-di q-*i @q".q vfra-at rrfu q og Rtg eTR s*rq qk<1r{-*<tq€i qui qqqrrqr q qlgt reftd11ffi gqr fim+qofr cin r " (fr.{.)
[" KuSmandakaphalam v.rgyan pustikrddhatuvarddhakamVastisuddhikaram balyamatisvadu ca 6italamGuru ruksam sarakam ca hrdyam kaphakaram matamtvtutragnatam prameham ca mutrakrcchrasmarim trsamArocakam vatapittam pittam raktarujam tath-Vatoretovikaram ca naSayediti tanmatamTatkomalam cati5itam dosakrtpittaharakamTanmadhyamam kaphakaram pakvam kifrcicca SitalamDipakam ca laghu svadu ksaram vaste6ca suddhidamSarvadosaharam pathyam pakvamajja ca madhuriVasti6uddhi kari vrsya pittana6akari mate " (N i. ra.)l
'trtd E RTcT"s ekt, cuj sqFr6( |
{Fd oTsr qsTri *q-i qftrSitlT( rr{rfiqai €fl ca:i iAl@ I " (g.q..Ys)
["Pittaghnam tesu ku6mandar.n balam, madhyam kaphavahamSuklam laghOsnam saksaram dipanam vasti6odhanamSarvadosaharam hrdyam pathyam cetovikarinam" (Su.Su.46)l
"q-fi4'fi:drn rd Wcro-s qmFmkq rsfrd{kfi qq 6q iliffiil?i l " (cr.fr.)
["Valliphalanam pravaram kl5mandam vatapittajitVasti6uddhikaram vrsyam hrdyam cetovikarajit" (Dha.ni.)l
263
'{-d|sRirqtff Hignrt-+ct
Fu{-{ratri qsrfr{F,i dqiq'r5ful.q( tqq {q$d{ dn-{sct eerr{q ffi
$cruii s-qi {fi fiTqGit *ffi gc, tt" ({.F.)1" ttlutragnataharary plameha6amanar.n klcchla6maricchedanamvinm[t1ag!apanam trsali6amanam jifnangapug!ip.radaqn
V.r$yam svadutarap tvarocakaharam balyafrca pittapaham
ku6mandam pravaram vadanti bhisaio valliphalanar.n punah " (Ra.ni.)l
"{eq!c q-flF{EqR ffiq qrrfu<k( rqfta{koi gq E6ct6-ci T5 l
ffir(ftq(qro, qui *e +.srr6( |
l-*i oq*1 qelri frq{ qrqi arn tt
s-dn{6i €a cui *itE-6rq-( r " tfr.f+.).
["Kusmandam bhedyabhisyandi vistambhi vatapittjitVasti6uddhikaram vrsJam svadupakarasam guruVi5esat pittanut balam, madhyam caiva kaphapahamPakvar.n lagh-snam saksaram dipanam pacanar.n tathaSarvadogaharam hrdyar.n pathyam cetovi karanut " (So. ni.)l
6)JfiUgOnD6IB1 Cao"u"pimo cnlrrnl.-toorpJ@alCoOo
oproa,5oj"ocudodlac.oo'lor5cn1oel;. <n J 6rDo ro)] cetco
o,;cu grorof la oilaaorc "demo <.rdl rooca,collo I orre cil
a, goorotls ;o g2roc "ddlercolc6)cmc.ro 6-6rJ6)9 LB J(d)o
oolBJoca,G)Jolcsrr3go eJnQlloJco,c)lolene<d.
opgilcooE a,cggoiloE cLuo.,goo a,;udocenictu" rucolo.flrorurgiloi
.tca,roro'le,o6 0ro",Arooll g g) omiorluo ;au1a,oo tnlo J.o6ItDS Joa, 5otl cru]areccoo mcm ; eru;atllreororolcn 1 oGBcr{u66Bogd'ogaootls;.
"-r;ocemoorla}o (,}6rDo. ((r)t.olc.)
[" Kumpal attantu dosaghnam sann i pStajvarapahamMutlaklcchpsmaridahamityadikkum gur;rar.n tulor.nKumpal attila ti ktosnam sitamakayumuntatuKalafrfritum jvarasthilavatinahannale drutamHrdyamakayumanteffam laghuvakayumuntatu.Val I imel kaccatil 6resJham ku5mandam vatapittajitpaf atti nXat matrttul I u vastisudd h ikaram guruNettukettatu su kgaram nannu buddhibhramattinumDosannalekkalaifritum puranamatilum gunan " (Gu.pa.)l
Remarks: The author of 'Abhidhanamafrjari'
describes layva, a second variety ofkuimanda (Benincasa hispida), which in Kerala is called narikuipalaiia orceyukuipalairia. Because of this description in' Abhidhanamafrjari', inKerala some are of the opinion that the smaller one is better to be used as adrus.
264
Coll. No. AVS 2546
Beta vulgaris Linn.C henopodi aceae : (qrqs -to{)
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Beetroot, Garden beetCukkanddr, Pdlak (gm-+qR, qftrF)
Biturutu (z:r[iodlJ!.J))
Bifir0ttu, cefr cira, Neycira (enndol5, oolaoJlo, omcJoJloyPdlakyd (Ir|oqqrl
Cefrcirai (G+@Gcory)Bitr0tu tAg"ru::)
i
Distribution: Cultivated in many parts of IndiaThe plant: An annual or biennial tuberous herb with condensed stem:
leaves simple in rosettes, ovate, cauline: f lowers 2_3 in a cluster orsometimes solitary on a long slender spike, appearing usually in thesecond year.
The tuberous napiform tap root when fully grown is fleshy andpurplish red in colour.
Parts used: taproot, leaves, seedsProperties and uses: The swollen roots are sweet, expectorant and tonic,
and are useful in psychopathy, cough, inflammations and generaldebil ity. The leaves are sweet, acrid, cooling, diuretic, antiinflammatory, purgative, anodyne and tonic. They are useful in cutsand burns, strangury, inflammations, paralysis, otalgia, cephalalgia,l iver and spleen disorders, constipation, vit iated conditions of pinaand general debil ity. The seeds are bitter, expectorant, diuretic,aphrodisiac, carminative and emmenagogue, and are useful in cough,asthma, strangury. inflammation, f latulence, anorexia, amenorrhoeaand dysmenorrhoea.
crdflr e-@ qtar frfuorq-& rrirffr qrdffi rr<Frsqr frffior n " (3t.c.)I Palakya varttulavati varttula pichilavatleroXta patakinl sadbhistatha pichilapatrike" (A.ma.)l
265
Beta vulgaris
flower
266
-vtto-qflr qrq-+.to.nr sfi-fl fsft-d-wEr | " (c.c.)
[' Pal i nkya vastukakara chardi ka ci ritacchada " (Bha. p.ra.)]
-qltd-EflI ercal Yfrdr vdq-dr dffi 1s, I
ffiqd qqrsrsfufl{qilfrqrrgr l " (qT.e.)
["Palinkya vatata 5ita 6tesmata bhedini guruhVistambhini madasvaspittaraktavisapaha - (Bna. pra)l
"croqfq-(qo rgr warftddt rr-ftfun€i qrR i,i s-dfti cq. rr " ({r.fi)
[" Palakyamisat katukam madhuram pathyasitalamRaktapittaharar.n grani jneyam santarpanam param" (Ra.ni.)l
"qoqtFft qoiqR gF t Ud qrr frfuorrfrdr {dq-+.fr q rmvrrfi ki fs.i wrtq r' (vrr.fr.)["Palakyamiti vamayanti sudhiyo gurvi sara picchila6ita stesmat<ari ca rakta5amani pittam visam nasayet" (Sa. ni.)l
rnoflr Rf6or g-{ FBq-dr iffi f6qr | " (sr.ri.)
["Palakya picchila guryi 6tesmala bhedini hima" (A.sam.)]
267
Betula utilis D.Don(B.bhojpathra Wall.)
Betulaceae : ({S-5OQ
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Himalayan silver birch, Jacquemon treeBh6jpatra 1ri-qva;B0rjjamara (Z.),o*dd)
Bh[rjamaram, Bhujapatram lreg6gigaoo, €]gQnrLrDo)Bhrirjah, Bahulavalkalah ({d', qS6;q(tF-O:)
Bh0rjjamarar.n (gf rieLrqlb)Burjapatram u ( a:rpirle J:: )
Distribution: Himalayas, in areas upto 4,200 m elevationThe plant: A medium sized deciduous tree upto 20 m in height with white
bark having horizontal lenticels and pink inner layers, peeling off inlarge papery layers; young shoots, petioles and leaves silky; leavessimple, ovate, acute, sharply irregularly serrate. base cuneate orrounded. sticky when young with yellow resinous scales; f lowers incatkins, male catkins at the tip of thc long shoots, female spikessolitary on the top of the dwarf shoots; fruits narrower than thebracts. the wings narrower than the nut.
Parts used: barkProperties and uses: The bark is astringent. acrid, thermogenic. alexeteric,
deodorant. antibacterial, anticonvulsant, constipating, haemostatic,expectorant, carminative and tonic. It is useful in vit iated conditionsof tridosa, convulsions, hysteria, epilepsy. bacterial infections,wounds, diarrhoea, dysentery. haemorrhages. haemoptysis,haematemesis, cough. bronchitis, dyspepsia, otalgia, ottorrhoea.jaundice, bil ious fever, leprosy. skin diseases and general debil ity.
"$, e+rq tsqirqqiqqforqryq rd{q-ryq agrq qdritacr gfr rr " (q.q.)
[' Bhurja[ syat bhujapatlascarmyahvaschatrapatrasca ITanupatrasca mrdutvak paryayairyantrapatra iti " (A.ma.)l
"Tfr T"it egTci q-e€-{+i Tgetr: ,
fuiqr, sxq-ir dsr'irjer TE-€, I (q.fr.)["Bh[r1o bhujo bahupu!o bahutvakko mrducchadahCitrapatrah chatrapatro lekhyapatroltha bhuruhah (Ma.ni.)l
268
_l
Betula utilis
portion of stemwith peel ing bark
269
"TSq-d, q& Tffi ctg6ttct6o: | '
(cT.q.)
["Bh[flapatrah smfto bhufja6carmi bahuIavalkalah', (Bha.p1a.)]
"1-q q-egm 5$, gqqi Tfrrs: Iiq-f,dFq1l-d{s reilq+ fufuTs, nTaq} gg*w td<{lijfiTtuq, r" (rr.ft.)[" Bhnrjo valkadrumo bhuriah sucarma bhuriapatrakahCitratvagbind u patrasca raksapatro vicitrakahBh[taghno mrdupatrasca sailendrasthojdribhumijah,, (Ra.ni.)]
" t f r@r+qrd rnrgqw Hfuqa, Tr, l' (r{r.9.)
[" BhIrjo bhrltagrahaSl esmakarnarukpittaraktaj itKasayo raksasaghnadca medovisaharah parah " (Bha. p1a.)l
"Td,4.Es.qrdwt {iRQtrt6-{: r(: I
frfrq{rq+, qci Sq+tfte€Mq' l" (n.fr.)
["Bh[rjah katukasayos4o bhr_rtaraksakarah parahTridosasamanah pathyo dustakautilyana5anah' (Ra.ni.)l
Tf, qqrd sqfu {oni fimsirFrd{ rqqi
TdlE re{, *utmdqeg( 11
f*.qdr rweq[q fi fE{6{,cr( r) (+.fr.)
["Bhurjah kasayo jayati valasam pittarionitamMedo bhutagraham raksah karnarogavisap!,anut(Kasayo raksasaghna6ca medovisaharah param),, (Kai. n i.)l
"qtd gqdn q sqFrflfuqrrrt, r{q'req: qlq{Frn Tfr ffitqol, 1 " (c.fr.)
["Grahaghno dhupayoge ca kaphapittavisapahahMangalyah papariamano bhurio medovi6oSanah" (Ma.ni.)l
"TS d"'€tgiq r" (ft.fr.)["Bhurjo vranahara5caiva 6lesmaraktaprakopahrt,, (So.ni.)]
"Tfr@r"(c. fq.)
[" Bh0rjo bh0tagraharil esmakamarukpittaraktaj it,, (M a.vi.)]
270
Coll. No. AVS 1028
Biophytum sensitivum (Linn.) DC.Oxalid ace ae : (erqifr -UdA
Distribution: Throughout the hotter parts of India as weeds in moist shadyplaces
The plant A slender erect annual with a rosette of leaves on top of thestem; leaves abruptly pinnate, sensitive, leaflets opposite, 6-12 pairs,the terminal pair being the largest, oblong, apiculate at the apex,glabrous, pale beneath; flowers yellow, dimorphic, peduncles many,slender upto 10 cm long, fruits ellipsoid capsules; seeds prominentlyridged, transversely striate.
Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter, thermogenic, diuretic, lithontriptic,
suppurative, expectorant, stimulant and tonic. It is useful instrangury, urinary calculi, hyperdipsia in bilious fevers, wounds,abscesses, gonorrhoea, asthma, phthisis, stomachalgia and snakebite.
"o-wtg+Tflerq 3rergFr{6q<dr I+cfrer g o-qgEdfuqri cffi( l" ({r.fr.)[" Lajjalurvai parityanya alpaksupabrhaddal aVaiparitya tu lajlal urhyabhid hane ppyojayet " (Ra. ni.)l
, Tg€r ql:lqFF: Ifragq, rikc{Rtfi ocilrqs, qd, t' (qtt.fr)
[" Jhullapuspojvalatpuspah krchraha laghuvrksakahPitapuspah pamktipatrastatha laljalukah smrtah' (Sa.ni.)l
H inMalSanTamTel
Lajjalu, Laksmand (CWIE, Okqufl)Mukkufti (old6,Sn)Vi paritalajjdlu, J h u I lapuspah (frqfrrcwtg gqlq: )Tintdndli ($ourr-npng5l)Pulicenta (eo$o6)
271
Biophytum sensitivum
portion of leaf
272
"i{GFs-g.;5r $fir* i+g{Trqr gFrqtttrT I
dqqq edrft-di d {-d-{r q d( n" (R.)
["Niskantaka kEudrapadi ni56akhA kgupavrksakaLajjaluvat prayoktavyar.n hrdyam s[laharam ca tat" (Sva.)]
"oscigtrqtilrRsr 63Fwfi frqrrfl |
{i FTqtqe+ftqailcliq-$r-fin6, r " ({r.fr.)
["Lajjalurvaiparityahva katurusna kaphamanutRase niyamakoJtyantananavijfranakarakah" (Ra.ni.)l
gqlsr: qq{il {f,f-q6t, c(, l" (w.fr)
["Jhullapugpah srstamutro mutrakrcchraharah parah" (Sa.ni.)]
273
Coll. No. AVS 1160
Bixa orellana Linn.Bixaceae ; 1firqfr-1or;
Distribution: Widely cultivated throughout IndiaThe plan* A small handsome evergreen tree; leaves large, cordate
acuminate, glabrous on both surfaces; flowers white or pink interminal panicles; fruits reddish brown or green capsules, clothedwith soft bristles; seeds trigonous covered with a red pulp.
Parts used: roots. bark, seedsProperties and uses: The roots, bark and seeds are antiperiodic,
antipyretic and astringent. They are useful in intermittent fevers andgonorrhoea. The pulp surrounding the seed is a mosquito repellent,and is useful to treat dysentery. A non-toxic dye,'Annatto dye',obtained from the pulp is used for colouring edible materials.
'frr{t cffilqr q {ftgqr g-dc-dr " (qr.e)
I Sindlri raktabija ca raktapuspa sukomala" (Bha.pfa.)]
'ftrqfr *{5wva EqgS ora<, r
ftr{tgd dpflRqufr qsrq{q: eIa, rt" ({r.fr.)
["Sind0ri virapuspasca t4apugpi karacchadahSi nd [rapuspi Sonadi puqpi sadahvayal;r smrtah" (Ra. ni.)]"ftt1fr|evfrlru-qmnqlfuEfrftn r"(q.c.)[' Sinduri visapittasratrs4avanti hari hima " (Bha. pfa.)]
"fuqfr fi3:*,T frmr *'qrqr {dqqrdk( |ffi lg<wn qrdBqt 'r+( r" ({.fr.)
['Sind[ri katuka tikta kagaya SleSmavatajit
1 1 |
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Arnotta plant, Annatto plant
Sind0riyd, Ldtkdn (ffiw, oRrfir{)Kappumankala, Rangamali (d{Sdrodo,dortilO)
Ku p pamafr fr al, Ku ran n u m afr fr al (a, g go5rfio<ri, a,loean;oooroxrE)Sinduri (k{fr)Sappira virai, Uragumafrjal (sur-5lqo96or, uqguo@soh)Jaffracettu {aple^g
Bixa orellana Aate 14.. l
* - i\&*"si .w;x*^ " "*e*"
. " E .
[r 'l ,-{'
lsiroftti5amani bhr.rtana5a candipfiyd bhavet " (Ra.ni.)l
a,lgoouoxd {o}Gelco roJladern" otlrorooao4"-lo}c{u6lDo
a,ccruuorcfiu6sBgccnc"oat6<rom)cru;o (')lcDooc(rnccoc
aeniaoeonog sool*ldccmgolp mcrnlorl{dnDao. (Cn}.dc.)
[" Kuppamafr fr al tulom tlksnar.n pittaraktapraduqanar.n
Kasa6vasannal anahamafsassum gulmamennoro
Dandannale 6amippippaneffavup nannituttamam" (Gu.pa.)l
2"7',l
Coll. No. AVS 1477
Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC.Asteraceae : ( SgrRv-goq)
Distribution: Throughout India,in areas upto 600 m elevationThe plant: A herbaceous erect annual with a strong odour of turpentine
upto 0.9 m in height, glandular, pubescent throughout; leaves simple,alternate, the lower petioled, often incised or lyrate. the upper sub-sessile, ell iptic-oblong or obovate,2.5 - 5 cm long: f lowers yellow,numerous in heads, both terminal and axil lary, corolla lobesglabrous; fruits subtetragonous achenes, not ribbed, crowned withwhite pappus hairs.
Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter, astringent, acrid, thermogenic,
errhine, anti-inflammatory, styptic, ophthalmic, digestive,anthelmintic, l iver tonic, expectorant, febrifuge, antipyretic, diuretic,deobstruant and stimulant. It is useful in vit iated conditions of pittaand kapha, catarrh, cephalalgia, inflammation, ophthalmia, bruises,wounds, abdominal disorders, intestinal worms, l iver disorders.haemorrhoids, haemorrhages, haematemesis, cough, bronchitis,leucorrhoea, fever, intermittent fevers, burning sensation,hyperdipsia, halitosis and cholera.
"EEi<lRTSTs, qtwrit l[$6(: t" (cT.c.)
[" Kukundarastamfacr"rdah sIkgmapatro mlducchadaf.r" (Bha.pra.)]
"ti€;€RTr{s, qrrrv* TsBq: r" (c.fr)["Kukkuradrustamfac[dah sIkgmapatyo mlducchadah" (Ma.vi.)]
"tlF<{: q"3frdd qrGftFsqTrdr I
278
I
I
HinKanMalSanTamTel
Kukaraundha (gffitr-Er)Kukkaradru (d:d*og)Kukkuravrksam, Rdkkila (4,]€oloo:Ad!sj., ocaerler)
Kukundarah, Kukkuradry ($-E<{', $ro{$)Kdttumullahki (snr$tgloiranrnCI)
Kukundaramu (5o5oo56J>)
Blumea lacera
\-_:,!. I \. -L\ /-L,Y
#rqltilfloretsW
nflorescence
r-{oqr{ i{ftqi T(i tg{iis6( il" (!il.q.)
[ " Ku kundarafi katusti kto jvararaktakaphapahaTanmrllamardram ni ksiptam vadane mu khasosahrt " (Bha. pra.)l
-tE<{: rufta-d ErqrdqTqd: I
rmr-q uF.s-flEFTr lsrcr{iq ;Tr{FT, rlrlert{oq gd wni Wfu3q r" (fr.{.)[ " Kukundarah katusti kto jvaraghna6cosnakmmatahRaktaruk kaphadahanap trsayascaiva nasanahAsyardramulaftca mukhe dharite mukhadoganut" (Ni.ra.)l
C
BN
1'L:DiTh
ParPrr
\
TF.r t c e
Es{.+d.c l ) t d (
J a t i l
. ,{c
280
CoU. No. AVS 2443
Bombax ceiba Linn.(Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endlicher)
B ombacace ae : (Ynqd-5oA
EngHinKanMal
SanTamTel
Red silk cotton tree56mal, S6mul(tTo, t5o)Bu rugadamara (?Jtod)rtdild)llavq, Elavu, POlamaram, Mu[[ilavu(@eloi, "Oerd, drlgooo, olgglen'i;Salmali, Mdca (vnqd, A-{r )llavu, Mul!ilavu ($1ooq, grefficuq)M ull u b0 rugacettu, Kondab0 ru ga (:>:6?a:r-brx3t-&5-o6artuX)
Distribution: Throughout India,in forests upto an elevation of about1,500m, also raiSed in Plantations.
The plant: A tall deciduous tree with a straight buttressed trunk having a
clear bole of24-30 m and spreading branches, bark grey or brown
covered with hard, sharp, conical prickles; leaves large, spreading.glabrous, digitate, leaflets lanceolate, 3-7, entire; flowers red,
numerous, appearing when the tree is bare of leaves, stamens many
arranged in five bundles of9-t2 each and an inner bundle of 15;
fruits capsules, dehiscing by 5 leathery. or woody valves; seedssmooth, black or grey embedded in long white wool.
A gummy exudate obtained from the bark is dried and sold as'semul-gum'or'mocharas'. The dried gum is light brown in colourresembling the galls, and gradually becomes opaque and dark brown.
Parts used: roots, gum, bark, leaves, flowers' young fruits, seedsProperties and uses: The roots are sweet, cooling, stimulant, tonic and
demulcent, and are used in dysentery' The gum is astringent, cooling,stimulant, aphrodisiac, tonic, styptic and demulcent. It is useful in
dysentery, haemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis' influenza'menorrhagia, burning sensation, strangury, haemorrhoids, bloodimpurities and vitiated conditions of. pitta. The bark is mucilaginous,demulcent and emetic, and is used for fomenting and healingwounds. A paste of it is good for skin eruptions. Leaves are good for
strangury and skin eruptions. Flowers are astringent and are good for
skin troubles,.splenomegaly and haemorrhoids. Young fruits are
useful in calculus affections, chronic inflammations and ulceration of
the bladder and kidney. Seeds are useful in treating gonorrhoea,
chronic cystitis and vitiated conditions of kapha. A paste made out of
289
the prickles is good for restoring skin colour especially on the face.
"{riqt€{g q+rirfl frfuor 1rufrft a r{ffg6ct RRIg{-q s,r€.flEcr a qfu-fi il " (rrr.c.)
["Salmalistu bhavenmoca picchila ptlranlti caRaktapuspa sthirayu5ca kaErtakadhyA ca tulini" (Bha.pfa.)l
"lneqfufrqcs-d wr( frffi FFrguFF: I
tEd, q5{eRs frs1sq, s-u-zs-s-q, il{ffq-;d {qgd qfrfr qqss, Ifrdgc, e1us-d qtsfgkfuFtda' l" ({r.fr.)
["Salmaliscirajivi syat picchilo raktapuspakahKukkulih tulavrksasca mocakhyah kantakadrumahRaktaphalo ramyapuspo bahuviryo yamadrumahDirghadrumah sthulaphalo di.rghayustithibhirmatah' (Ra.ni.)l
{n<.qlo, {fl-d-dr €r* {0 cr+ rsrq-fi rrAq-dr fut-qnrs-€rf€fr rmfimk( rr
g Wftr+glftrq rq-d TRrq-cn-q g,qt{sq { {Tnt, tlrs cr+ s cgi +,sr"i vfl-aai'p rowrnmsfq-( fiR emdi q v+itrrq r" (qr.s.)
["Salmalih sitala svaOvi rase pake rasayaniSl esmal a pittavatasraharini raktapittaj itSalmalipuspa5akam tu ghrtasaindhavasadhitamPradarar.n nasayatyeva dullsadhyafrca na sandayanRase pake ca madhuram kasayar.n sitalarp guruKaphapittasrajid grahl vatalam ca praklrttitafn " (Bha.pra.)l
"{niq-d cgn qqr qeTr q sflr qcn r{fl-d-dr frfuor od P'* s;fi 1ssa1 11q-+-ddr {dq-dr trq qqqffi rra'r rffiafr-qa fr-{-W 16fuqs nrri-( rrer$ Rr<qr6s: p1qf€fi: EFIF6{'1;T: I
Sq g {n-d-di iGR T€ Rg 6srqs( rlsr€ai Trf,s ser dsfirnfuqrqrs( rrrft-Aqat +{ 1urq+e q-oer s rlq€t srqg(, {frd {6{drr6tl Fd, Iliti <rqa frnqq {RTq.rsis wrtq rr
- (fr.{.)
["Salmali madhura vrsyi balya ca tuvara mata
290
Sitala picchila laghvi snigdha svAdvi rasayana
Suklala 5leqmalA caiva dhatuvfddhikari mata
Raktapittafraca pittafica raktadosafrca nasayet
Tvagraso syadgrahakah syittuvarah kaphanasanah
Puspar.n tu sitalam tiktam guru svadu kagayakam
Vatalam grahakam r[ksam kaphapittavinasakam
Raktadogaharam caiva gunahyete phalasya ca
Kando syanmadhuraf sito malastambhakaro matah
Sopham dahaflca pitta.frca santipancaiva nasayet" (Ni.ra.)l
"{n"rd frffir qd q-€+ rgefl-a-a, r6qFr{q e{1, furs, gq6q'BqE-qti{, il
d<qR{"ft qrfr *'qrq, ;FtF;lT{[tF: I
Se n-s--q i{frqt q.-o as aenhq( il" ({.fr.)
["Salmali picchilo vrsyo balyo madhuraditalahKasaya6ca laghuh snighdhah 5ukla5!egmavivardhanahTad rasastad guno grahi kagayah kaphanasakaf.tPuspam tadvacca nirdistam phalam tasya tathavidham" (Ra.ni.)l
"gqr {sr{n rfl-m xgr 1sq16-d, I
rmfuterr +q Yrrcq-d qr$16!fr lr" (q.fr.)['Vfcya rasayani sita madhura rasapakatallRaktapittahara caiva salmali dhatubrmhaqrl" (Ma.ni.)l
"fl-cc-d qfl-can fu'qr roqapdqffiffi r
["Salmali 6itala snigdha suklasleEmavivardhinlKasayastad raso grahi pugpap tadvattatha phalaqn " (Dha. ni.)l
"yrerb, rnial Rrfr {0 cr+ wr+fi r{Aq-dr gE fr qqr fuiq1fqflrsrurfi 11gq R6 {S qr+ Fci fu+A fui go r6qFj qra-di are *w66ufueq rr " (*.fr.)- . . ^ - .["Salmalih sitala svadvi rase pake rasAyaniSl esma! a bJmha4i vrsya sn i gdha pittaslana5aniPuspar.n svadu rase pake ruksam tiktam himam guruKasayar.n vAtalam grAhi kaphapittasraj itparap " (Kai. ni.)l
291
EngHinMalSant a mTel
Semul-gum, MocharasS6mur ka gdnd, Mocras (tgtllavinpa6a (OgorlcE ouo;M6carasah (qfqW:)llavupa6ai ($leuquor+;M6casara (:r-b}b)
s.r rir<, dF{q)
"Frqtq' Ynerd, ftr6;1 qr€qmqrR a t
iqsFil qt{cil ffiq 1afr rr " (til.c.)
["Niryasah salmaleh piccha salmalirvestikdpi caMocasravo mocaraso mocaniryasa ityapi' (Bha.pra.)l
"errpr:{l11qi gd W F1g {srq{: I
ft{rq, q-q-{-t arfaqFrqil qrilir{f{: rlqlM c<e+.F+qreo r3TrqridsrwrFil wrfrsn-+rvn, r " (fr.r.)
["Vayasahsthapano vrsyo guru svadu rasAyanah
Snigdhah kaphakaro garbhasthapako vatanasanahAtisarapravahaghno raktarukpittadahahAAmatisarasamano raktatisaranasanah" (Ni.ra.)l
qerlMrRff ionrfrfuO, 11-dFdd, {frd: geFt: q11E{&(q: 1" (q.fr.)
["Pakvatisarasamano hanti ghorapravahikamPicchilah 5uklalah sitah sandhanah salmalirasah" (Ma.ni.)l
'*-q{q{g 6q[rl: ggdrir6t {smi frrr( |
eogfu sliddcaqffiR rrd r " ({r.fr.)["Mocarasastu kagayah kaphavAtaharo rasayano yogatBalapug!im varnaviryaplajfr ayurdehasiddhido grAhi " (RA.ni.)l
"F{qts, {frtra, ft:Fdt qrfr Qe: tf,'tfpftfi: Ilrqrft orjffi<rr<rc-1-q r | " (+.fr . )[Niryasah 5italah snigdho grahi vrsyah kagayakal;tPravahikajtisaramakaphapittasradahanut" (Kai.ni.)l
Remarks: The bark and gum of this tree are more commonly used in Ayurvedicformulations. This resinous gum is dif ferent from other exudations in that i t
wi l l not dissolve in water. but only gets bloated (swollen) on soaking.
292
Coll. No. AVS 2540
B o rassus fl ab e I I ifer Linn.(B. flabelliformis Roxb.)
Arecaceae : (W-5;dq)
' Eno : Palmvra palm
, Hin : Tar, Tdl (zR, drd)i
I Kan : Tdlimara (saQdoc)
i Mal : Karirhpana (6,olcrum)
I S"n : Talah, Taladrumah (aro,, mq;rq' )
I fam : Karumpanai, Nonkuppanai (oq5rbuea'cm, StriguL-Leu'om)
I ret : Tadicettu (e',:;q)
Distribution: Hotter parts of India. u'i ld as wcll as cultivated
The p lant : A ta l l pa lm at ta in ing a height of about 30 m. wi th a b lack stem
with a crown of leaves at the top: leaves ( ) .9 - 1.5 m in d iameter .
palmately fan shaped. rigidlv coriaccous. cleft into many lobes.
petiole edges with hard hornl' spinescent scrratures: f lowers
uniscxual . male spaCix branched. female spadix s imple: f ru i ts large.
subglobose drupes. on thc greatlv cnlarged pcrianth.
Parts used: roots. leaves. inflorescences. fruits
Properties and uses: The roots are cooling. restorative, diuretic. stimulant
and antiphlogistic. They are useful in hyperdipsia' burning sensation.
strangury and inf' lammation. The juice of the leaf stalks and young
roots is good for gastric catarrh and hiccough. The ash obtained by
burning the inflorescene is a good antacid and antiperiodic. and is
useful in hyperacidity. heart burn, bil ious fever. splenomegaly.
haepatomegalv and sk in d ise ases. Thc I ' r r . r i ts are swect . cool ing.
laxativc. sedative. anthelmtntic. depurative, styptic, stomachic.
aphrodisiac and tonic. The y are useful in hyperdipsia' burning
sensat ion, dyspepsia. f la tu lcncc. c t l l ic . c t tnst ipat i t ln . in test inal worms.
leprosy. skin diseases, haemorrhages. haemoptysis. vit iated
conditions of pitta and vata and general debil it"v.
"sftRrdq ffi q-6-6q' veo+1 vrdrats, r
d.ti.mqurtrsrgCeit dc*v*w tt
ea-u-qstJfird-6d gne€r {tr+fsa rfu{q{q, Fqdiil Ei*{a6-.tt-{-q ffi, 11 " (31.c.)
Borassus flabellifer
single fruit
294
["Uktastalastu talo mahatrnah sallaki SamovyasahDirghatarustmarajo drume6varo lekhyapat!'ascaDhvajavftsoJsitakayo d uraruho dirghavaryascaCi rapakyah pitlbijo dirghaskand ha5ca paryayai h " (A. ma.)l
"drdq agrd, Rquntdt r1fu16, 1" 1ql.q.;
["Talastu lekhapatfah syattmarajo mahonnatah" (Bha. pra.)]
itroktrogrt: q* ddw-*it LTqSs: I
E Rdt qgtfr qcrEd frdcrfl, rr
Aegcq{sl-q rrsqd €Getr, r
dffi T6uilqr€-{grq *-w r' tn.fr.l["Talastaladrumal'1 patf dirghaskandho dhvajad rumahTrnarajo madhuraso madadhyo dirghapadapal;tCi rayustarurajasca gajabhakso drdhacchadahDirghapatlo gucchapatrolpyasavadru6ca godasa" (Ra.ni.)l
".r*i dros?i fime-dtMe-qti{n r
5St S1r q 6afqqqqq5ql 11
iTroqwl g irSoTr ffi og, t
{Asqdjl qrafrtq, qfrfr qt1, s1, 11
drosi d5"i ffiq r65qirt Iqulr1n rra g @tu-aq l" (qr.y.)
[" Pakvam talaphalam pittaraktasleqmavivardhanam
Dufiarar.n bahumutram ca tandrabhisyandasukladamTalamajja tu taruna kiflcinmadakari laghuhSlesmalo vatapittaghnah sasneho madhurafi sarahTalajam tarunam toyamativa madakrnmatam IRmtiOnutam yada tu syatpittakrdvatadosahrt" (Bha. pra.)l I
'v-o eg {fr cr+ moti Wtmk( r
d$i EC-q+ g ry; ianmmmq r " (q.fr.)["Phalam svadu rase pake talajam gurupittajitTad bijar.n svadupakam tu m u lam syadraktapittaj it " (Dha. ni.)l
"ar-orq5ifr eEr+i feqffiq-( r" ({r.ft.)
["TAlanguli svadurasam gulmaplihantrarogajit" (Ra.ni.)]
"drorq firi@{+ae-qqkdr I€ | " (rr.q.)
["Talarhbu pittaj it 5u kl astanyavlddhikaram guru " (Ra.va.)]
"iTrd{srq cg{,Yfrtrdr {TF-{T€, rgkfi {E-od-*-s5qqfi Efgtfil-rtf: llqq{q {ras, fim{rstsFdqr{qr( |
@srd'I-q nsr\ rr " (fr.{.)
["TdlavfkSastu madhurafr Sitalo madakrdguruf.t Zg5
Pustikrd 6uklakaphak1nmedakrd balakarakahVrsya5ca sarakah pittadaha6osavisa5ramanVisakusthakrmiraktadosavatansca nasayet (Ni.ra')l
"aro< q{t, {ffit tC,{AqqOc-(' t
WadT6 ' i rdR@11rq-o es TF fu'*i wg cei leri sq tfr€fq {dur gq d{"i o.m.qr€-f( nr+afimiroqrs qffiEr€ q{dEqrt Idci €rS {i crs A*a anfimfuq tt
c-fii dros?t fimriM+qfcn t
s-${ v51r a n-<{n+wk r1Edd( l
droqqt ( asq, WqE qqdil og, t
{dqdt q;6foqq, q$fr qq1, q1, 11aroti aourdqrfi-qqrFFfl qqffi d( r
erEqrqqqqrfr qfl il(
fu6gq qq-{fu q 11
17irqrqd *qRffiir firr-g1g+a6'p r
?Tr6Er {kp6 iq qk{ft:-6-l qrq 11 '
1$.fr.1
[-Talastu madhurah 5ito medahslegmabalapradahSuklalo brmhano hanti vatapittavranakrminPhalam tasya guru snigdham svadu balyam himam saram
Vistambhi brmhanam vlgyam tarpanam kaphamamsakrtRaktapittan i lasvasakgayadahaksatavrananBijap svadu rase pake m[trala1n vatapittajitPakvam talaphalam pittaslesmaraktavivardhanam
Dufiaram bahum[tram ca tandraibhisyandi suklalam
T€lamajja tu tarunah kincit madakaro laghuh
Slesmalo vatapittaghnah sasneho madhurah sarah
Talajam tarunatoyamativapraninap madavikarakaram tatAmlabhavamupayati yada tatpittakrt pavanadogaharam caSlesmapaham syad vistambhi pittakrt suklalam guru
TAlasya mastakam jneyam vastisuddhikaram param "(Kai.ni.)l
Remarks: The inflorescence of this plant, called panaviral inMalayalam andtaklfigul[ in Sanskrit. is one of the constituents in a widely used Ayurvedicformulation of Kerala. Panaviruladibhasmant
296
Coll. No. AVS 2541
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.Burseraceae : (Jfr!q-$;Ol;
Distribution: Throughout central and northern India on dry hil ls
The plant: A medium sized deciduous tree with ash coloured papery barkpeeling off in thin flakes. young shoots pubescent; leaves alternate.
i*pu.ipinnute, crowded at the ends of branches. leaflets oppositd,pubescent, crenate-serrate; f lowers small. white in axil lary racemes;fruits trigonus drupes, three-valved; seeds compressed. pendulous.
The commercially used olibanum is the solidif ietl oliogum-resinexuded from the tree. A good quality is of golden colour and is
transparent. The colour varies from golden yellow to dark brown or
to dark greenish brown.Parls used: bark. gum-resinProperties and uses: The bark is sweet, acrid, cooling and tonic. It is good
for vitiated conditions of pitta, asthma, dysentery, ulcers,
haemorrhoids and skin diseases. The gum-resin is sweet, bitter,astringent, antipyretic, antidysenteric, expectorant, diaphoretic,diuretic, stomachic and emmenagogue. It is useful in fevers,
diaphoresis. convulsions. dysentery urethrorrhea, orchiopathy,
bronchitis, asthma, cough, stomatitis, syphilitic diseases, chroniclaryngitis, jaundice and arthritis.
"R-ff+1 fiqq-dr Rr( r-qqqql rr6rd€: I
frdr xqsor frEr Ffidgrq g6€, r " (frr+flq,)
[" Sallaki nimbapat!'a syat gajabhaksya mahataruh
PIta tryasraphala piccha niryasoisyastu kundurul;r" (Sivaddsah)l
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
lndian Ol ibanum treeSalai, Kundur (€rd, t;5{)Guggula, Madi (rr:rt^o. doe)
Ku nt u ru k kam, Samp rani ( d,]crrr;ro;aoo, ffucLmJc6rDl )
Sal laki, Kundurugkah ({Rt+1, g{os:)
Parankisarhpirani (upr6rBcnLbr-i7rcuofl )Sdmbrdni (,)ogeB)
297
.,|
I[,
i
tTI
@'
I E
[ ' '
Gr
i
T
d
q
I"F
TP
t
qiql
l l
cfi
I t
F
{r.
rl.S
P.NKS-RR
;
6
o+.ol-Loo.Eo
ooo
€@:
298
"yrRr+i rrrrqqr q V*a g<qlrgt rqtsufi TSg'+1 qeu+1q 6Gutn l " (riT.c.)
["Sallaki gajabhaksa ca suvaha surabhi rasaMaheruna kunduruki vallaki ca bahusrava" (Bha.pra.)l
"s(tls, s<l-+l Fd grFtr E{FTg-qt rgrFrrte*n q Vq-a rsrcrellTr tlrr;ET{or tqlmsr gfror qok*qr r
6flT So-{fi-+l +E ctffr {srFor s {rT tlfs-{5-6r rr+F[-or iqt qr€RTn{qfl | " ({.fr.)
["Sallakah sallaki sall i sugandha surabhisravaSurabhirgajabhakasa ca suvaha gajavallabhaGandhamula mukhamoda su6fka jalavikramaHrdya kuntarika caiva prokta tryasraphala ca saCh i n naru ha gand haphala j neya casladasahvaya " (Ra. ni.)l
"{rftr+l g-d{r {n-dr vdqfimri*snfuq rr-ftffi gfuft+rg*R-m rra-set oqqldRf:tiqri-d+-{T{r+{ |yq{srus +..i qnq{i,ter€Ht( rr " (r.fr.)["Sallaki tuvara 6ita slesmapittatisarajitRaktapittavranahari pust i krtsam udiritaTatphalam kaphavatarsahkustharocakanasanamPuspafrcasya kapham vatamarsahkustharucirjayet" (Ga.ni.)l
qsrq s@+1ri'{, 5Grorfr grTrrFF: Ivfl-a-*fw rgrRa-d qr{qudsfl tldur+i +.s qni |iil-wni{q cRTt( rqwtfuint g€ a r*ki ffi( rrf+ftmje qfr aql g;go:gawka, r
5;{€d5wiepil ffi vq' i6E: qd: tlRryW-dwr<cn e;d qrd<+wq6, rr*r-t s-d qril{oqfr urfrs+q rrTftrFdqri a+rqq rrvrticFr +1fta, | " (fr.r.y
[]V1kSastu sallakisamjfr ah pust i kari kasayakahSitaviryasca mad h urasti kto g rahyasradogan utVlaladogam kapham vatam pittafrcarsanca nasayetPakvatisaram kusthar.n ca raktapitam vinasayetNiryasoisya mato namna kunduruh sujfrabhasitahKundururmadhurastikg4o tikto rucyah katu h smrtahSnighdha6cosnastatha tvacyo jvarasvedakaphapahahRaktaruk pradaram vatamalaksmim grahapidanamRaktatisaram y[kafrca na5ayediti kirttitah" (Ni.ra.)]
299
"s-@-+1 Ed{r {fl-dr fims-dqrffid-( t
rqtfimEunfr gFz-{r*Eetft-dl I " (tiT.s.)
['sallaki tuvari sita pitta6lesmatisarajitRaktapittavranaharT pugt i kftsam udirita " (Bha. pra.)l
"€-@+i erq+qrqrjfrvn-o qH g+1frdr rq-dgi 6R fu-flq ffi Tdr lt (tr.ft.)
[' Sal laki syat kasayalti5itA vlrye prakirltitaValasam hanti pittasya prakopa6amanl mata" (Dha.ni.)l
"s-c.T'+i fd4acg{r +qrqr qrffi qa r
@r"( {T . f r . )I Sallaki tiktamadhura kasaya grahini para
Kusl hasrakaphavata6ovranadosArtti nasi ni (Ra. n i.)l
"q-€6+1 il+rr YR-dr 5}q 1g-frffi, 1
f f i 1 1
il{q sqqrdrsS€fts-s-{qn{ | " (s.fi'.)
I Sallaki tuvara sita krarrena rasaviryayohValasapittapakvatisAravraqavi nasi niTatpuspam kaphavatasrakustharocakana6anam " (Kai.ni.)l
a,o4o141*i6macaolgg) a,;aoflolaoocolgol)o
micnl<dar-:ocor'l5lo1cgccml o.rcorcuocernl(Dmc(oo)o
or<icac"y"oicno ocrco"ldolo cn ccrn?or]. a;.docn ccroo,5cil
crurlD oeJ(J") J slno ] 6ITB ca, od, c erre olluo Locn ; o LoJ'l ao) o. ( CI l. "lc. )
[" Kaccericcusnamayul I u kuntirikkamate{f avumSnigddhamayit! ir ipponnu vatasonitanasanamTvagdosaghnam corikkum nanneffavum kusthanasakrl
SaurabhyagunamuntakakontatiSvaranu1n pl' iyam " (Gu. pa.)l
300
Coll. No. AVS 1055
Brassica juncea Czern. & Coss.B rassicace ae : (lFq+'r-T-dA
l-------i Eng : Indian mustard
HinKanMalSanTamTel
Rayi tui)Sdsive (x-0.1,d)Katuku, Cerukatuku 1e,s1d, o'Loiaslai';Sarsapah, Rajika,*, .'6ot)Katugu (s@e)Avdlu (e;.u:)
Distribution: Cultivated throughout lndiaThe plant: A glabrous annual with a few bristles at the base upto 1.5 m in
height; basal leaves !ong, broadlv ovate. coarsely dentate, persistentmiddle leaves oblong, S-dentate. upper leaves broadly l ineat entire;flowers yellory in racemes; fruits sil iqua. breaking away from belowupwards; seeds attached to the replum.
Parts used: seeds, oilProperties and uses: The seeds are acrid, bitter, thermogenic, anodyne,
anti-inflammatory, carminative, digestive, anthelmintic, aperient,sudorific and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of. vata andkapha, dengue fever, abdominal colic, anorexia, dyspepsia, intestinalworms, flatulence, inflammations, morbid state of the cerebrospinalsystem, skin diseases. splenomegaly and persistent vomiting.Mustard is used in larger doses as an emetic in cases of poisoningand it wil l cause hyperdipsia. burning sensation, and other disordersdue to the vitiation of. oitta.
a q f*+l frq{r'r*lT grw++rgfr r.q UqFrqro, T&1+,r gwm{q, 11=.iv, +-go, qlqqqgq 6qqd5, I
+(E s{q, cri,fuspi cfr orqe l "(qr.e.)" Raji tu rajika tlkSnagandha kqujjanakAsurlK sav al.r ksud hab h i janakah kRni ka krsnasalsapaf.tSarsapah katukah snehastantubha6ca kadambakah3aurastu salsapai.r pfajnaih siddhartha iti kathyate" (Bha.pfa.)l
!Ili
301
Brassica juncea
/ ' " .
.-)
\"-i'i\-
fruit
.:ll./
I r..- |
H l , '
2 4 c mp lan t
302
"3lrgfr {k*l {rql {fumr rffs{s: Ifrq{frf*Tf egfr*'f ete+, g6Ffi: q1c1, tl{tETQ6-tF: 5wffiqotqoT {q{rfu6r {rS Iw Tgrs{qrqr Rqr rrqsdqrcqr e rrfrsq-*..qq $r*ql reiq, t;qTr{rr: IfuErd-q{, frEqrtr{, ffiq, lt
' ({r.fr.)
["Asuri rlika raji raktika raktasarsapahTTksnagandha madhurika ksavakah ksuvakah ksavahRajaksavakah krsnatiksnaphalA rAjarajai ka raj niSa krsnasarsapakhya vijneya rajasarsapakhya caTTksnaka6ca duradharso raksoghnah kusthana6anahSiddhaprayojanah siddhasadhanafr sitasarsapah" (Ha.ni.)l
s{cq tt vt+ s-{,ftryrq, sfu66, Ifrrpfrq, Ers-qrdd a6sfi1flfraqrt{, 11reHI qt(ou-ge@urr1r
qerr {ftrRrqt dR' k-< rili qtr qa' rrffqen *.qqrad dlq{iurn {ftfutrf( |t+qF+6mtr+< 6!-{t€deg[ctt Et( rlerffis{Tr Rnq a-sq*nin {ridfir Iq{r l6cr ftrrifr d-qq cErtsfu( rl*ci R{.i frg +gsrq'ci og' rAqi s{rtr&i f,edi frnTstr+q rr
Mrqrq-q r
@ 1 1a-e-*ffi; ffin{r-f-qT( | (qT.e.)["Sarsapastu rase pake katuh snigdhah satiktakahfiksnognah kaphavataghno raktapittagnivardhanahRaksoharo jayet kandukusthakothakrmigrahanYatha raktastatha gaurah kintu gauro varo matahRaj ika kaphavatagh ni tlksnosna raktapittakrtKifr cidr[ksagnidA kand[kusthakosthakrmin haretAtitiksna vi6esena tadvatkrsnajpi rajikaSara hima gururgrahl tatpuspam pradarasrajitDipanar.n sars€rpam tai lam katu pakarasam lag huhLekhanam spafsaviryoSnar.n tiksnap pittasrad usakamKaphamedoln i larsagh nam SirakarnamayApahamKandukusJhakrmi5vitrakothadus_takrmipranutTadvadrajikayostailam visesanmutrakrcchrakrt" (Bha.pra.)l
''fltg{q-drjq.i reiq, sqqrafu( r
Fqrc6.rwEq, qftnfuiFrorffifuq rrdasffiq fugld, fdft, fur$1u16, 6E, 11
303
3lTgfr +-gftdwn 5ffi owgpefuq ttFftrq-fr {ffi T6+.ft q {r rTdr 1 " (u.fr.)
[" GaurasapapakoJtyuSno raksoghnah kaphavatajit
Krmyamakandu kusthag h naf.r srutiSlrsan i lartti j it
T_advad raktastu sidd harthah ti ktah sn i g hd hosnakah kat u hAsuri katutiktosna kugthaghnl kaphagulmajitNidrakari 5ophahari grahakarl ca sa smfa" (Dha.ni.)l
"3Trg{r figrffewn qnffiwm tqEfuffI 6fr 6656q5fq*vn1 tt
nqqffidn, +-{wt} qrd{IrJ( |
fun-q6c-n leq?Fu-{g€ltutFft: rl
fucrei, *-gffiwil qlira*[n6n-d: I
t-d Fv5a-*uru-t' tt
frr.i g {Iffit fi amtccrv-gq ri*rFrn og IiREi *rli rr " (n.fr.)
["Asura katutiktosna vatapJiharttisulanutDahapittada hanti kaphagulmakrmivrananRdiasarsapakastiktah kattlsno vatasulanutPittadahapf ado gu lmakar.rQrl kust havranapahah
Siddharthah katutiktosno vataraktagrahapahahTvagdosasamano rucyo visabhutavranapahal;t
lkSnam tu rajikatailam ifreyar.n vatadidosanutSisram katu punstvaghnar.n ke6yam tvagdogana6anam " (Ra.ni.)l
"d.i *-trd €si Tswr q-sgkq t
ssirt dqui ror5 rffi qq l
a-s-.q {k+-r{rFn r*ffi+qrtf-q r
6*d sqTq-q5rw T$wI Ff€(1u rr " td.fr.)
[" Sapapar.n kat u kam ru kgam gu nlgpr.n badd ham utravit
Saksaram lavanam svadu dosatrayakaram param
Tadvaca ratikasakam raktapittavidahakrt
TikSnafn ruksamacakgusyam bhrsognam krmihrt guru' (Kai.ni.)l
A,s;A,1oo6O oCDo ojCoo ":CA,fOO'le,OOo14tO1
ollademocot;g gotccolgo aem;LrooLlcocoa,5ru)
6)dnolcd)5-6llogrorolldaeil. oaro"-t'loroo.r"loldalcno.
a,orwoa,s3a,1oo6oco1. o;emdlorpgoccr)orc;o
g"democofl o9o14lg g a,sloa,6m6,oocojooo
a,Jo1a,l.'do66Bo3 aldrmcootco:ecn<r0aer;. o.r'lmcooa,5d. (<nl' o-tc.)
["Katukinte rasam param pakattinkalericcatu
TikSnamayul latayettar.n malamOtlavirodhakftKaphavatannal ettirkku m raktapittavivardd hanam
304
Karutta katukin{eyum gunamivannamayvarum
Usnamayittericcul l a katukenna kaphapaham
Krmikusthannal durnnAmavatannalkxum vinasakrt ' (Gu.pa.) l
Remarks: The four kinds of mustard described in the above quotations are whilemustard (Brassica aiba, Sanskri t Sitasarsapd: \1alaraiam I 'enkutuku )brorvnmustard (8. camp estris, Sanskrit Ra kt as ar sa p ri. \l a la va I ant ( e il k d r u k Li.Indian niustard(8. iwtcea, Sanskri t Snrsapi, \ lalaialarn ( 'erukutuku ) and.black mustard (8. nigra, Sanskri t . Krsnusar:tptt . \ lalar alam Kari ikaruxit 1.
a
.
305
Coll. No. AVS 2545
Brassica ol eracea Linn.B rassicaceae : (tlwor-5oa
var. capitata Linn,
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
CabbageBantg6pi 1q-affi;K6bi-gaddi (d"oet)-dd. )Mottakk0su, Kyabej loocgaogmi, a,5cceugilKembukah, Kemukh (+ESs fu6,)M uttai kkos ( grr-cor-riGsnoiu )Kosugadda (fr:x;)
Distribution: Cultivated on hil l-topsThe plant: A suffruticose biennial 0.5 m in height, stems quite glabrous,
branching in the upper part; leaves basal and lower cauline, large,stalked, nerves stout, white, especially prominent below, marginscrenulate and undulate, the middle cauline leaves amplexicaul,oblong-obovate, obtuse, the upper leaves oblong-linear, almostentire, all leaves fleshy, glabrous; flowers large, pale yellow, 20-40 inracemes; fruits irregularly spreading or ascending l inear pods,tetragonous, often serpentine-flexuose with a beak, mostlyone-seeded, seeds globose, obscurely brown, pendulous.
Parts used: leavesProperties and uses: Leaves are sweet, cooling, stomachic, antiscorbutic,
emollient, constipating, diuretic, anthelmintic and cardiotonic. Theyare useful in abdominal disorders, pruritus. skin diseases. diarrhoea,strangury, intestinal worms. cough, bronchial asthma, fever, warts.urorrhea, haemorrhoids. gout and vit iated conditions of pitta andvata.
+$+'r +5fr, *rq Wx <a+rfufr r#W, eeqkaq: €t56-<{q frffi rr (qr.c.)
["Kebuka kemukah ke;bu supatla dalamAliniKel0tah svalpavitapah svadukandadca polini " (Bha.pra.)l
"fu +.3:6 cr+ ffi aft ftri og rflci qsi as *.Ffotrq{qtt rr
306
oo)
o
o+ro.ECLo()r.:(g
Goo€L
Ioo.9oooL
@
o
3
307
56-s,r€c{dg{RFl Hlild *3: I (qL9.)
["Kemukar.n katukam pake tiktam grahi himam laghuDipanar.n pacanar.n hfdyam kaphapittajvarapahamKugthakasapramehasranasanam vatalam ka!uh" (Bha.pra.)l
"+E+l croii ER fri Filfi, gyfrfra, r " fd.fr.l["Ked]buko marutam hanti pittam tiktah susitalah" (So.ni.)l
"fu {hrdi Trft frffii 6rnaratq-( | ' (q.cr.fr.)
[" Keyrlram 5ital am grah i pittal am kaphavataj it " (Ma. pa. n i)]
"+5+ str6 vt+ foid nR ftc og r*qi nsi aa ssfrnerrl-q rr$asrsri€V{ €{t gotlr{o( r " t*.fi.)[Kemukam kalukar.n pake tiktam grahi himar.n laghuDipanam rocanar.n hfdyam kaphapittajvarapahamKusthakasapfamehasfk harate kuruteJnilam" (Kai.ni.)l
3Ott
Coll. No. 8.5.L (C.N.H.)-l 458
Buchanania lanzan Spreng.(B. lat i fol ia Roxb.)
Anacardiaceae : ( 3T19-{-6{)
H inKanMal
SanTamTel
Piyar, Ciraunrci ffqn, iqli-Sl
Nurkala (acuo)Mural, M[nnapelu, Pr iyalam
1ogou6, oyeaacc"-ri, Lot'locg")Priyalah (fi-qrd,)
Murala (qpDironn)Sara (ic)
Distribution: Throughout India,in deciduous forests in areas upto 900 melevation
The plant: A medium sized tree about 18 m in height with dark grey ornearly black rough fissured bark and young branches clothed withsilky hairs; leaves simple, broadly oblong, obtuse, base rounded.thickly coriaceous. main nerves l0-20 pairs. straight and parallel;f lowers small, greenish white, in terminal and axil lary panicles whichare shorter than the leaves: carpels 5, only one perfect, other fourreduced to cylindrical f i laments. fruits black, lenticular drupes.
Parts used: roots. leaves, fruits
Properties and uses: The roots are acrid, astringent. cooling, depurativeand constipating, and are useful in vit iated conditions of pitta andkapha, leprosy, skin diseases and diarrhoea.
The leaves are cooling, digestive, expectorant. purgative,depurative and aphrodisiac, and are useful in hyperdipsia, burningsensation. cough, bronchitis, dyspepsia, f latulence, constipation,leprosy, skin diseases and seminal weakness.
The fruits are sweet, sour, cooling, emollient. depurative, anti-inflammatory, nervine tonic, cardiotonic, stomachic. laxative,diuretic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, rejuvenating, febrifuge and tonic.They are useful in vitiated conditions of pilta and vata, leprosy, skin'diseases, gleet, inflammations, nervous debility, hyperdipsia, burningsensation, cardiac debil ity, abdominal disorders, constipation,strangury, ulinary calculus, cough, asthma, seminal weakness, fever,emaciation, ulcers and general debil itv.
309
Buchanania lanzan
310
"Fqrd{g €{w.q{anril q5qffio: I
{rqEi drrft€, sqfr-df{,{€, l " (,rT.9.)
[" Priya! astu kharaskandhascararo bahuval kalal;t
Rajadanam tapaseqtah sannakarduJdhanuh patah" (Bha.pfa')l
"fiqdh €{w=trrqft ;rg6dG6-o: I
do_{Rrqsftq, 1 " (q.fi.)
["Priyalojtha kharaskandhaScaro bahuJavalkalahSnehabija6cavapu!o lalanastapasapfiyah" (Dha.ni.)l
"ri-fip: (lQlFF€: IR: I
fiqdijalrowffi, sq6g{frfrq, 11
{no: $reTTr{fls, 5dJu uei 4{, | (+.F.)
["Dhanusputah kharaskandhaScaro drakgaphalah parah
Briyal ojmlaphalastvakkaf.r sannakadrurm un i pfl yah
Salah sakhamrga6cadhah putoJtha lalano varah" ffai.ni.)l
-qrrq foffiTqqwffi-o cT{ T€ |
ft{'d si qo-(frffiTdsq"qqlq6{ rt
e-ltd;rwl qgtt qql firali{ortrtl 1
adffcg*, k'ti fuS qrq-qfi, n' (cl.e.)
["Carastu pittakasaghnastatphalar.n madlturar.n guru
Sn i gd ham saram marutpittadahajvaratpapahar.nPfiyalamjja madhura vrsya pittanilapaha
HrdyoJtidufjaral;r snigdho vistambhi camvardhanah" Fha.pra.)l
foqr6, +.q'iqffi' 6-qr4lJie s.o TF I
Rrrlai cg{ vt+ qfurti rfrra vq tt IfuP * qq q-€ri rff*qt|a1 tqiqe"frnrscE-drrfisidc]cr{ | rTqwr sg{, futfr qq,fi1qf4g1q6, t
€dlftE-St e-€dl HS 6.sqf{, rl
ffii cg{ T5 {d;qt+q*+q tffi rr€q {*i eldfu{fi, rr (d.fr.)
[" Priyalai.r kaphapittaghnah kasayolsya phalar.n guruSvadvamlam madhurar.n pake susnigdham Sltalam sararyVi st ambh i bfmhanam vf gyar.n balyarp 5l e$m avivar:d han amJayenmarutapittasradahatppksatakgayanTanmajja madhural;r snigdho vfqyah pittanilApahahHrdyoitidufjaro balyo vistambhi kaphavaldhanahPfiyalatailam madhurar.n guru 5legmavivardhana6Hitamicchanti natyuqnam samyoge vatapittayoit" (Kai.ni.)l
fi-qr"i q Wq W sfrild( r
3 1 1
zrEerdcr{6iq.Gqs{q furd fudfi{ 61s'S{dTE Iq{ qFr6i furqq-i$r g eqa-c1il (s-o )fi4aq-qr cgi gq, fqffiss6, | " (3{.€.q.s.)
t . ........ priyalam ca brmhanam guru sitalamDahaksataksayaharam raktapittaprasAdanamSvadupakarasar.n sn i gd ham vistambh i kaphasukl akrtParam vataharam snigdhamanugnar.n tu priyalajam (phalam)Priyalamajja madhuro v!'qyah pittanilapahah (A.hr.Su.6)l
"srdfuf,Ei qq fiqai go rfra-o1rqr{s g ciit T€ €rrEcd gdt &'+1rrqRqNTr {c5{r gqT ffi+oq-a | (q.F.)
["Vatapittaharam vrsyam priyalam guru sitalamCarasya tu phalam pakvam svadvamlam dul.jaram pliyamCaramajjA samadhura vrsyA pittanilapaha " (Dha.ni.)l
"qp{zl s r5o.r*i gq 'ieqr6d To rn-q$q rg{ qq fiffi(l€rF.EQr{( tr " ({I.fr.)
["Carasya ca phalam pakvam vfgyam gaulyamlakam guruTad bljam mad huram vfgyar.n pittadahartti naSanam " (Ra. n i.)l
"qp, ffi5qlsq n-+-o r5 50 r
fu'd qr c€frnEr6{6qqarr6t lld;{iqr qg{r qqr {-{66-dr Fl-nq"rdk( |
- (q.fr.)
["Carah pittakaphasraghnah tatphalam madhuram guruSnigham saram marutpittadahatrsnaksatapahamTanmajja madhura vrsya suklala pittavatajit (Ma.vi.)l
"qtd qgqr gqr sT6T 1d en rm rqlaqiq+-fr fu'qr sfl-d-6r rrqEfffi
ffi-fEdt qeqr fi-qr qnffi r
@rrsidsd TwrqFd ilqqr qg{r {frr Iqqt q qr6firflEfi a-id rry r;o rr
ffiq5q om-+r lffiqrrw+t rwtrp; g q+t r+recm;firt-e1nsr{Tqr g cg{I qq fu'El q d-a-an I{dRilr+-fr qrrqti+r gda rm rr6flr q {+ddr qrdfirn-{flofr ciTr r "(fr.{.)
["CarolT madhura vrsya camla gurvi sara mataMalastambhakari snighdha sitala dhatuvafdhiniKaphakrddurjara balya priya vatavinariini
312
Pittadahajvaratlgaksataru kraktadoganut
Kgatakgayam na5ayati tanmajja madhura mata
Vrsya ca dahapittaghni tattailam madhuram guru
Kifr ciduqnan kaphakarar.n pittavatavinasanam
Caramulam tu tuvaram raktarukkaphapittahamCaramajya tu madhura vrsya snigdhA ca sitala
Malastambhakari camava!'dhaka durjara mata
Hrdya ca 5uklala vatapittanasakari mata"(Ni.ra')l
"qrdkn€i gw fi-+ni To rfraan teqrarsqr qgt gq fqflIi;roFr€' l (5.q.de)
["VAtapittaharam vrsyam priyalam guru sitalam
Priyalamaija madhuro vfqyah pittanilapahah" (Su.Su. a6)l
"ffi qg{ T6 {dqfu-q$q I
ffi qrtdlgq( {zitn +qfimi l -
(s.Ti.q. t\,)
["Priyalatailam madhuram guru 5lesmabhivafdhanam
Hitamicchanti natyausnyat samyoge kaphapittayoh" (Ca.sam.S[.27)]
313
Coll. No. AVS 2444
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.(B. frondosa Koenig ex Roxb.)
Fabaceae ' f eTqrtfdr-toa
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Flame of the forest, Bastard teak
Dhak, Pala5 (at6, q€trfl)
M uttagamara (a3:Jg-rtdrd)
PldSU, Camata (jgcud, "-loor;Pald6ah (Torfl,)
Camatd (eLogn)M6duga (3r-5rx)
Distribution: Throughout India,in deciduous forests in areas upto 1,200 melevation, also in open areas
The plant A medium sized deciduous tree, very conspicuous when inflower, 12-15 m in height with gum-containing grey bark exfoliatingin irregular pieces, and somewhat crooked trunk; Ieaves 3-foliate,leaflets coriaceous, obtuse, glabrous above when old, finely silky andconspicuously reticulately veined beneath; flowers bright orange red,large, in rigid racemes; fruits pods, thickened at the sutures'containing a single seed.
Partsrrsed: bark, leaves, flowers, seeds, gumProperties and uses: The bark is acrid, bitter, astringent, thermogenic,
emollient, aphrodisiac, appetiser, digestive, constipating,anthelmintic and tonic. It is useful in vitiated conditions of pitta andkapha, anorexia, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhoids,intestinal wonns, bone fractures, rectal diseases, dysmenorrhoea,gonorrhoea, hepatopathy, ulcers, tumours, hydrocele and diabetes.The leaves are astringent, anti-inflammatory anodyne andaphrodisiac, and are useful in pimples, boils, flatulence, colic, worminfestations, inflammations, arthralgia and haemorrhoids. The flowersare astringent, sweet, cooling, constipating, aphrodisiac, haemostatic,diuretic, febrifuge, depurative and tonic. They are useful in vitiatedconditions of pitta and kapha, diarrhoea, haemorrhoids,menorrhagia, strangury fever, leprosy, skin diseases, swellings,hyperdipsia, haemoptysis, arthritis, burning sensalion, bonefractures, and are very efficacious in birth control. The seeds arepurgative, ophthalmic, anthelmintic, rubefacient, depurative andtonic. They are useful in herpes, skin diseases, ringworm,ophthalmopathy, epilepsy, round worm, arthritis, flatulence,constipation and diabetes. The gum known as Bengalkino
314
Butea monosperma
*tffi
ba rk
or Buteakino is astringent, constipating. haemostatic, aphrodisiac,depurative and tonic, and is useful in diarrhoea, haemorrhoids,haemoptysis. haematemesis, diabetes. leprosy, skin diseases, ulcer,pharyngodynia, general debility. hyperacidity, dyspepsia and fever.The ash of the tender branches is useful in abdominal disorders suchas f la tu lence. co l ic . e tc .
'qor{FTrEs, fir<F*(d, Rrf;$i erq, r
TqT{iI Eo(ffgq{q ffiq-+' rr
tfldi Fqot{q qfrEert r
Id, s{ sq1}qr, firfr fs-drq-< c{, rr' (Ffl.fr.)
[" Palariapadapah siddhastridal ah 6i5ire ksayah(rSnavrnto jvaladraktapuspadca tiktabijakahEkabijayata simbi triparnasca samiddhavanGunaih sarve sama jneyah sito vijfranadah parah" (Si.ni.)l
"q15m, Fi{s, cutr qftd {ftrgulc6: Iem*s) qra-ci *6r{er, qfqer rr- (q.c.)
["Palasah kim6ukah parni yajniko raktapuspakahKsara6restho vataharo brahmavrksah samidvarah" (Bha.pra.)l
'fu.q+1 Erd,iprw r<gdjq qft6, I
ffi rftgq{q Tigfs{si?F': rlqmA€, c-oRr{q +€r*6: qFrfl' r" (q.tr.)
["Ki;6uko vatapotha5ca raktapuspoJtha yayfr ikahTriparno raktapuspasca putadrurbrahmavrksakahKsarasresthah pala6a6ca bijasnehah samidvarah" (Dha.ni.)l
"n-dwil ffir qq, qitu?r qurgeck( r
6qq, 6go.km, ftT'Ti 1<uffiq rrqr{s+1rfiffi,5$-1fi-q Id-qq ETgcr+ g +.gid-ft 6qrqo-q rlqnai +qmarry-g@ vfla-ot r{q.ffdvnc-s qrilf+?-5€€{ trq rl
wo oryi M,Tfuqrtr+wrot rffi +g* €qr T6Tdrirc{cT( l- (qT.c.)[" Pala5o dipano vfgyah sarogr,ro vranagu I maj itKasayah ka!ukastiktall snigdho gudajarogajitBhagnasandhanakld dogag rahaqryapafk1min haretTatpuspam svadupake tu katutiktam kasayakamVatalam kaphapittasrakrcchrajidgrAhi Sitalam
3t7
Trddahasamakar.n vataraktakusthaharam param
Phalam laghusnam mehArsahkrmivatakaphapahar.nVipake katukar.n r[ksam kusthagulmodarapranut" (Bha.pra.)]
"qJR*€, Tfrq{q 1ffi frqq,91, ;
@, 11
ffiq5c11fr Tqc qqFtr ugr e u-q r
eioi g s-E{ ftilq"cwi $trelamtse r (q.fr.)
I Ksara5resthah krmighnasca samgrAhi dlpanah saraf.rPlihagulmagrahanyarsovitaslesmavinasanahKimsukasyapi kusumam sugandhi madhuram ca yarBijam tu katukam snigdhamusnam krmivalasajit" (Dha.ni.)l
"qel{l{o€{cf ir-€'rqr-1qgqfun I
ilffdqF{ il6-q 5q qtaEq{( rl
il{dEi Ffuiquifu +.ro-er wr+i tea, r" tdt.fr.l[" Palasamulasvaraso netracchAyandhyapuspajitTadraktamapi tadvacca puspam bakulapuspavatTadbijam krmividhvamsi kando rasayane hitah" (So.ni.)l
"coT{t{g sqrdtuli Tfrffi+rys, I
a-Efi-q qrrfiu-q|a-<5la'<}q-{Rr5q rr
ae gw q alsi q so-qterffi-{r{r+{ r
1q6, fr6, fis-fr +o, WtK fqsrcqA u
f#q1*,jqqEijft fis-& fq-{rr(, qa, r" (r.fr.)
["Palasastu kasayosnah krmidosavinasanahTad bijam pamakandtlti dad rutvagdcisanasakrtTasya pugpam ca sosnam ca kanoukustharttinasanamRaktah pitah sito nilah kusumaistu vibhajyateKimsukairgunasamyelpi sito vijfranadah smrtah" (Ra.ni.)j
[drflEe{ftd-qf, furdsir q}q4, 6-9' 1
1{{, {FrrFFT( gei} q}tiqeurffi-{ rrq€!frrJq.{'J(sT1il{6q €g laeirfit r
{-{(|Eqqfun'rq-{5s-€( q-orrs s rl
sqrzi 6-{dF cr+ qrfldi qR Vfraat r
Fq{ ffi s.g+ oryr 6qqrdfu-q rl
v€Tiffi,5fuqo3q rfuqsrs F+ra g TfuqTila{.rq rr" (d.fq.l["PalaSastuvarastiktah snigdhosno dipanah katuhSaral-r sandhanakrd vrsyo jayeddosavfa4akrmln
Grahanigulmag udayan tatpuspam svAd u ti ktakar.nTrddahakaphapittaslakusJhahrt phalamasya caKasayar.n katukam pake vatalam grahi Sitalam
3 1 8
Rlksary vipake katukam laghusnar.n kaphavatajitKuslhagulmodaraplihameharsahkrm is[ | anutKi m5ukasya praval ar.n tu krm ivataharam param " (Kai. n i.)l
'35or: qor{rqqi qEil *km-{, sr Ifuft, furt} qr66-{.1 ql:Rr;ttFF6ftqi: 1qurtq,qTfcd6Riq6u.{{i'qkr6r r6s dfr5d frii cmtFfd s+ffi-il{ rrgqislsq rmqtr{qqi+dfir' rgwft e6 ffi swrrfr E+rrfu q rqrddrh rn€firFr qfl-rdrq{qlh q 11gvm*t*q rwc'r'i q teo1 |1rf,q qeqA q-o se{ og qdt llswi v og+ qtd q.qqdr{-td-{ r
ts5-iqcM,qumr +s qT$s( rlq-6dii q fu'd&i +.-g Ffrsq.r{qt-( r
{dfl, qc,ctqr{qR4 $Tqnt-+W+t il (fr.{.)
["Uqnah palasastuvaro vrsyo dlptikarah sarahTiktah snigdho grahakasca bhagnasandhanakarakahVranagulmakrmiplihasanrg rahanyarsahvatahaKapham yonirujam pittam na5ayediti kirttitamPuspabhedadayam raktapitasubhrakanllakahPuspani svadu tiktani usnani tuvarani caVatalani grahakani 6TtalanylsanAni caTrgadahapittakaphad raktadosam ca kusthakamMutrakrcchrar.n ghatayanti phalam ruksam laghu smrtamUSnam ca katukam pake kaphavatodar:akrminKusthagulmaprameharsall5ulanam caiva nasakamPhalabilam ca snigdhosnam katu krmikaphan jayetNutanah pallavaricasya kfmivatavina6akah" (Ni.ra.)l
3 1 9
Coll. No. AVS 1739
Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn.) Roxb.(C. cristata Linn.)(-aesalprnraceae : (+uc+lch{ {' 't-3C,1rl
EngH i nKanlvlalSan
TamTel
Fever nut, Bonduc nutKant kare j, Kant i karan ja torr+ts, 6lk+rqqll
Galikekdyi (rleadc)Kalaici (6,edraj])Latakaraijah, Kuberaksj, Kantakikaraniah(e?r6.{q:, $*it, "rr++rql
IKa! iccikkai (slpd0ris.rur)Gaccakaya ()'"J's-oa)
Distribution: Throughout India.in the plains on waste lands and coastalAICAS
The planl: A large straggling,ver-v thorny shrub, branches armed with
hooks and straight hard yellow prickles; leaves bipinnate, large,
stipules foliaceous. pinnae 7 pairs, Ieaflets 3-8 pairs with 1-2 small
recurved prickles between them on the underside; flowers yellow, in
dense long peduncled supra-axillary racemes at the top; fruits
inflated pods. covered with wiry prickles. seeds l-2 per pod' oblong
or globular. hard, grey with a smooth shiny surface'
Parts used: root bark. leaves' seeds
Properties and uses: Thc root bark is emmenagogue. fcbrituge'
expectorant. anthelmintic and stomachic. It is useful in amenorrhoea'
dyimenorrhoea. fevers. cough, asthma. inteslinal worms. colic.
flatulence and d-vspepsia. The leaves are anlhclmintic. cmmenagogue
and Iebrifuge, and are useful in elcphantiasis. intestinal worms'
splcnomegaly. hcpatomcgal-Y, amenorrhoea' dvsmenorrhoea' fevers
and pharvngodrnia. Thc stcdr are h i t lc r . ast r ingent . acr td.thermogcnic. anodyne. anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic. digestive,
stomachic, liver tonic. depurativc' expectorant, contraceptrve'antipyrctic. aphrodisiac and tonic They are useful in vitiated
conditions of rridoJ0, arthralgia. inflammations, hydrocele' cough,
asthma, leucoderma. leprosy, skin diseases. dyspepsia. dysentery,
colic. haemorrhoids. intestinal worms. hepatopathy' splcnopathy.
diabetes and intermittent fevers.
320
o'[email protected]. of seed
7 m m
Hstamens
Caesalpinia bonduc
ll 5, -,:/l/ r - r W l \ i i
' -' seoa l s , , 1 ' r , / |
,W:"5o.d f 'f lower pist i l
l2r
sdfuffs, IEFd-qr {-4tfftr Ega Ffififfi ti (t{r+<Ts,)
["Kantakaranjaje vallikantedhya sarvatiktakahDvilribija sarvatikta triputa krminasini' (Sivadasah)l
'i{ffi {*{t T** t1-flti
r q iTfisft fqvreq+r +ra{ifr rr" (:l q )
[" Nrrdrsyate kubera kuberanCtd kuran€aksiPetha ca dhenukaksi visalyaka kalavmteti" (A.ma.)l
"oamqdt g.q{il fut qs*r*, rIIr{RT: 6r4FO: SirRTfq gqltTr I' ({r.li.)
["Latakaraijo duhsparso virasyo vajravirakahDhanadakgah kantaphalah kubereksa6ca saptadha' (Ra.ni.)l
o?T6{qg{;i g r{ei sqqrfrflrEdsi {w v*i qq1ereurc1 ri (r.fr.)
["Latakarafr iapat!'ar.n tu kaltsnar.n kaphavatanutTadbijam dipanam pathyam 6Ulagulmavyathapaham " (Ra ni.)l
-so,2-Tft: 6{qqq m* I 5at, +31, L
Th-sirae'+4, stft-*a, irmrq i-eo tt
wnl|{g|4rd|i1 f*{ rrrrq, c{ |gw ffi4 srfu qnqwqr( rr trn.ic.)["Kanlayuktah karanjastu pake ca tuvarah katuhGrahaka5cosnaviryah syattiktah proktasca mehahaKustharsdvranavatanam krminam nasanah parahPuspam cognaviryam syattiktam vetakaphapaham' (Sa.ni )l
"qArrefr qfl(ffi qurM i (*.i{.)
[" Kuberaksi yakrtplihavataghni vranaropani " (So.ni.)]
-nrrrtrl {qsrt ql.rffr *sqr s\ t
+orqFm{ilsrvi,{oRardq-f+{ t i f d.f{. I["Tiragandhi satuvare satikta sosana jayetValasapitta6opharsahsuladhmanavranakrmin" (Kai ni.)l
'fdFfirFdffi Ttrt€cft-a( r" (q.cr.li.)
["Tirigicchirvalasafsahkrmikuslhapramehahd" (Ma.pa.ni.)]
"6,edollos a,;o;rm;"dem. udag"do^oim. 6,JolmcuDm.
orccotm)uolpr3.jooo. 6,yolol](m). ol5mo romc" ((t).djc.)
['Ka]afr cite kurunnugrnm 5legmaghnam krminaSanamVatantrasalapaharam kuruvinnum gunam tatha" (Gu.pa.)l
322
Caesalpinia sappan Linn.Caesa lpi niaceae (suzqi-srF-Toq)
tno :H r n
, K a n :MalSan
TamTel
Coll. No. AVS 1714
Sappan wooO, Brazit wooO
Patarng, Bakam ({drl, {6)
Sappange (xdpIi)
Cappannam, Sappannam ('J.$66rrq o!d6Bn")
Patrangah, Patangah, Pattaraniakah(qTq'l' trirq4:, qt{{m6')
Sappangu, Patanpam (+uurirr5, ugr6isrb)
Bakarucakka (2r55-)i:;)
Disiribulion: Cultivatcd in south lndia and BengalThe plant A small thorny tree,6-9 m in height and 15-25 cm in diameter
with a few prickly branches: leaves compound. with 8-12 pairs ol
oblong leaflets and small prickles' lcaflets vary. inequilatcral and
rounded at the apex: flowers yellow in terminal and axillary panicles:
stamens waxy-white, filaments densely woolly at the base. fruit\
woody pods. subcompressed with a hard recurved shofi beak. seeds
3 4. The heartwood which is used in medicinc is light yellow when
freshly cut. but it quickly changcs to red. The colour diffuses out
easily in ho1 water. In about 7 l0 hours the extract becomes deep
orange in colour.Parts used: heartwoodProp€rties and uses: The heartwood is bittcr. astringcnl. swcet, acnd.
refrigerant, vulnerary, depurative. corrstipating. scdative andhaemostalic. It is useful in vitratcd conditions ol 2ttrc burningsensation, wounds. ulccrs. leprosy, skin diseases. diarrhoea.dysentery. cpilepsy, convulsions. menorrhagia' leucorrhoea. diabetes.haemoptl'sis. hacmorrhages. stomatopathy and odontopathy'
"rec-*rr rgd €<i .r.rt q c{q41 I6ftTd R atr+rEi grr;E-6 qrrq{rrrfufr li (3r.c.)
["Pataranjanam caturtham kucadanam pattaram ca pattangam
Kathitam hi raktakastham kugandhakam penduragamiti" (A ma.)l
"E;q<i q"qr q rfffid q{gr6q rciTqi rEnrr q cE .rs6hc s tt (q.f{.)
.lt3
Caesalpinia saPPan
one leaf and inf lorescence
ffi@
324
[ 'Kucandanar.n patangam ca raktakastham surangakar.nPatrangam pattaragam ca pattarafriakameva ca" (Dha.ni.)l
"qirE t aff€n a gCqrr lsqj dP5 I
Tc{{f,scrcq? q{ q Tq<Tl 11 (qt.g.)
["Patangam raktasaram ca surangam rarijanam tathePatararijakamakhyetam dhatturam ca kucadanam' (Bha.pra.)l
"rirqi +q q"q'r rwfiei gt RR t
sdrqq qt{Fi q qFliqqI{q .ffs' rl
drft" .E"r6tqj q {r4qiqi Eq<qcE-{:.ff{4 +4 qcgrt a !-g{fl 11 1{.Pq;
["Pattangam caiva patrangam raktaka$am surangadamPatredhyam pattaragam ca bharyavrksasca rat(takahLohitam rangakast ham ca ragakaslhar.n kucadanamPattarafrjanakam caiva surangam ca caturda6a' Fa.ni.)l
'sf,qq q$ rfrii tmrdqg"nff& r
Ffi{+rq}ri futqr( crd'{rrc( ti (r{r.c.)
I"Patangam madhurar.n Sitam pittasl€smavfanasfanutHaricandanavadvedyam viSesal dahanasanafn' (Bha.pra.)l
"q{'q{k-tr6 vfi-A seirjdr qg{, sg, ,
aur{k6i qvq! ffqsidfrn6{ 1sqrsErffiz{;rfqalrr1 q}(
+wwMqXrmqnsRq, ri (i{.r.)
["Patrangastiktakah sito raksolmlo madhurah katuhVranasuddhikaro vaf nyah sugadh irvatapittahr-tUnmadajvaravisphotam0lrakrcchravranan jayetKaphasmariraktadosabhatabedhanivaranah" (Ni.ra.)l
eGnTs-{q {frd {dqai 4ftfun-d( r
6-{<{ A frft Fqr( S'rfu qvriqvr\ ti f q.t{.1
{"Svadupakarasam Sitam slesmala(n netipittalamKucandanam tu tiktam syat sugandhi v!'anaropanam" (Dha.ni.)l
'qi'gi f{+ eera'6i sfi-d f iEq6t I
qraFrr-q{Ei s k$rirqETfd( I" ({.i{.)
["Patrangam kalukam ruksamamlam Sitam tu gaulyakamVetapittaivaraghnam ca visphotonmadabhutahrt" (Ra.ni.)l
JZ)
Coll. No. AVS 1342
Cajanus caian (Linn.\ MillsP.(C. indicus Spreng. )Fabaceae : ( 3{c{fsfl-$tq)
TamTel
EngHinKanMalSan
Red gram, Pigeon Pea, Congo PeaTuvar ((fl)Togari (g,odo)Tuvara, Tuvarapparippu (6tlcuo, roloogold)
Adhaki, Tuvari (3iT-661, g-4t)
Tuvarai (Scrcoq)Kandipappu (so6:OJ)
Distribution: Throughout India, cultivatedThe planl: An erect shrub, 1.5-3 m in height with many branches provided
with silky hair; leaves compound, pulvinate, leaflets
oblongJanceolate. entire, densely silky beneath; flowers yellow in
termiial panicles or corymbose racemesl fruits pods, tipped with the
Dersistent lower half of the style, seeds vary in colour from yellow
ind red to brown or black.Prrts [sed: leaves, seedsProperties and uses: The leaves are astringent, sweet. diurelic, laxative'
cooling, anti-inflammatory and anodyne' and are useful
in oraiulcers, odontalgia, gingivitis, strangury and inflammations
The seeds are astringent' acrid, sweet, cooling, anthelmintic'
resolvent, pectoral, constipating, alexeteric, febrifuge and
expectorant. They are useful in vitiated conditions of pitta, intestinal
worms. oral ulcers. tumours, bronchitis,.cough, vomiting.
haemorrhoids. fever and cardiac diseases.The leaves and seeds when applied as a pouhice over the breast
may induce lactation.
""r6*f ed ir<r lsdtrs+ eFc-{' t
lgv, ar* ifa <fq vffr qt' ri t:l.e.1
l"Adnaxi tuvari prokta nrtyatkondaka uccitah
Rebhujah karabhi ceti dafdustu pathito budhaih (A ma )l
"3rrd6i q+A qtq 6r€Tdr tddFFI I
5-o?Qn{{rrl iqr:srrqsrtfqorcfl' rf (*f{ )
326
Cajanus cajan
calyx
k P1"->i/
<-"\)'!=./ \;/
327
["Adhaki tuvari catha kalavrnta kulatthakaKulatthaScakraka jneyastamravamascalapahah" (Kai.ni.)l
'"-*i Cd qfr qr +ftr {torgfufir r- (cr.c.)
l"Adhaki tuvari capi sa prokta sanapuspika" (Bha.pra.)]
""-"1 Cd qqi 6{+{1cr a?rl I
Trd-qr +dgqr +ar r*rjro-n Ern ri (q.f{., {r.fr.)
{"Adhaki tuvari varya karavirabhuja tathaVrttabija pitapuspa 6veta raktajsita tridhe" (Dha.ni.,Ra.ni.)l
-.n6-* {qr ser egr rfl-can og, r
Trffi sms{n evqi firffiq'rsR-( ri (qr.c.l
["Adhaki tuvara rtksa madhure sitala laghuhGrahini vatajanani vamya pittakaphasrajit" (Bhe.pra.)l
"qr661 qg{r i+-qF{6rrdr q oqFFFr I
5fi e-an ufofr q Fsfl ssqi s {i-ral ri+qfirfq{frsr€5zqeqqrq( r
Ct*r gcg<r v ama rrq.rtnnn d{, +++<sqFr€r Ig-4fr crfcdl qiqr |+qfu6m6'{ {dr rl
TtulMr TdTftr Fitv.6r ri (tr.{.)
["AdhakT madhure kiicidvatale ca kasayakaGuryi rucya grdhi4i ca rtksa vamya ca sitalaKaphapittaivaravisaraktaruggulmavatanutAr6onasakara prokta ghrtayukta ca vatahaKaphapittahara lepaih sekairmedakaphapahaTuvari delika pathye ki6cidvatakara mateKrmitridosasamani gh!'tayukta tridos-aha" (Ni.ra.)l
g-+fl de{ sc{ qg{ {flTar og, Iqrffi erddr qrql 6sFrnBqtq6, rrfriqvrqi qui ffud qzdqal r (*.tc.)
["Tuvari tuvare r0k9a madhura Sitala laghuhGrahini vatala vamya kaphapittavisapahahTridoga6amanaf pathyam krmighnam cadhakidalam" (Kai.ni.)l
"ore+1 qsfrtd irqkqrcrdlri I6srqr Eg irlr0 e3m+t inqr og, rllq,vffiS fco dffi, i rq.h.t
["Adhaki kaphapittaghni kincimarutakopaniKasaya svadu sangrahi katupake hima laghuhlvl€dahsl€smasrapittesu hita lepopasekayoh" (Dha.ni.)l
328
'Cd{ft-sqqT q +(,tAqrstrnftrq Iidi--qtEcr+TeTs RGqFrrer?rtrar rl{fr-{ar d-dfrlTrr od Fqn rqiiftdr " (s}.f{.)["Tuvaryatikasaya ca medahsl esmesrapittajitVibandhadhmanakrtsvaduh svadupakalpavetalaSitala baddhavinm0tra laghvi raksa prakirtita" (So.ni.)l':+ra+1
1 +vro a agn +cffi*q riq erc+l €qr fu{ar I€ ltLfir tlm a dm ivu* g rctnuqr qcqr fimaffi 14 r{r vqrq W ft-r-<nraqr E--{d-qrdq+qqq-ffq I 1' 1{r.F. ;
["Adhaki tu kasaya ca madhura kaphapittajitIsad vatakara rucya vidala guru grehikaSa ca sveta dosadhatri tu raktarucya balye pift atapedihantriSa Syama ceddipani pittadaha-dhvanEa balyancadhakiyasamuktam" (Fa.ni.)l
(d)Jorcoos o]5rD. Loc.rit 6,.tucoo@:oo o(ruo
(snotl@caolor6)6rDlorolgg) o)olorc6,co)lol6rre(ol
<crdro,lolco. adn. "jroolo
gtoceialcuo] o.rlmcsoccolru;.(d)lorcoos dolcloaao co]5rDo ojc(d)aooo o-joo
.6)lmr1Ld.o'l(olfirl (,lcoo torcoono crodaooccrdodl
d,cm)oomcBlo)co)lgg BdrdorfdBuao€ocodo mcrr'lrd)) ((')l.dtc.)I"Tuvarete gunam grahi kasayamadhuram rasamAtryayrttanuttull u guruvakayumuntat-Atisaram kapham pittam jvarafrcasu vina6ayet.Tuvarate parippinfe gunam vataharam paramTunipratitani gulmam prameham Sarkkara6mariKasamennediyayulla dandannal kkokke nann jtu" (Gu.pa.)l
Remrrks: The authors of Abhidhanamanjari ' and'Bhavapraka$m, have notl isted different varieties of ddhaki. 'Dhanvanrarinighantu,, ,Rajanighantu
and the Kerala works Osadhinighantu' and'AyurvedaiiSvako6am' havedescribed three different varieties of this plant according to the colour of theseeds. namely, white, red or black. The author of'Saligramanighantubhusanarnhowever. has differentiated four varieties of this plant viz. yellow, whire.red and black according to the colour of the seeds.
The variety commonly used in Kerala is the one with yellow seeds.
329
Coll. No. AVS 2157
Calamus rctang Linn.Arecaceae : (W-tio{)
Dist bution: Central and south India in dry tracts in areas upto 450 melevation
The plant: A scandent slender shrub with cylindrical unilormly thickycllowish white stems armed with short flat spines on leaf sheaths.leaf sheaths glabrous. hollowed below, ochrea short. truncate,margined with small straight or recurved spines having laterallycompressed bases, rachis near the base flat and smooth above.channelled at the sides to receive the leaflets, trigonous upwards.armed below along the middle, leaflets verv numerous, equidistant.l-ribbed. the rib bearing scattered bristlesl flowcrs unisexual. malespadix very long. flagelliferous. spathes elongate tubular, femalellowers scattered akrng the slender branches of the spadix: fruitsseated on the minute perianth. subglobose. mucronate. scales many,pale yellow in vertical series
Parts used: whole plantProperlies and uses: The roots are astringent. acrid. bilter. cooling.
expectorant. alexeteric. antidyscnteric. hypotensive. depurative. anti-inflammatory. diuretic. febrifuge and tonic. They are useful irvitiated conditions of pilla. burning sensation. hypcrdipsia. cough.bronchitis. dysentery'. leprosv. skin diseases. erysipelas.inflammations. strangur),, vesical calculi. chronic fever and gcneraldebility.'fhe leaves ate acrid. bitter. cooling, astringent and laxatir,e.and are useful in vitiated conditions ofpil/c, skin diseases. Ieprosyand pruritus. The seeds are astringent. acrid. sour. depurative andexpectorant, and are useful in vitiatcd conditions of knpfta, cough.skin diseases and pruritus. The sprouts are acrid, sweet andthcrmogenic. and are uselul in vitiated conditions of vata and kupha.
330
Eng
H i nKan
Mal
San
Tam
Tel
Common rattan, Rattan
Bet, Bernt (*d, ;ia)
Betasu (2.3!.x))
Ctral (dlo(dE)
Vatrah (+d,)Pirarhpu (r5qlbll)Jatay0rkuli (aoo::--::;i )
tCalamus
b#male f lower
female f lower
331
-+i &il .ilfi'Ko-s, g{rir tsT+s, i ({.fr.) ["Pir
l"Vetro veto yogidandah sudando mrduparvakah" (Fia.ni.) Vire,vet€'ieqffit iirrvrrffi +f,s, qd, r'(+.t{.)
["lksvaliko roma6arastejano velfakah smrtah' (Kai.ni.)]
"{fti ffi 6gs Tfrqi,r*i og ntt fir€k futr{ Iirt +ami q 6tft drn
@ r@iertr rraT6q sj E,q r?itqic-flqssRqrTnqrai TF
prti anai qF" <iqr\ r" (dh.)
[ 'Sitam vipake katukam krmrghnamtiktam laghu grahi nihanti pittam
Meham valasam ca karoti vatamvetragramuktam rucikrdvisesatVetrakasya phalam drgghnam slesmamehakrmipranutKsarosrtamlar.n guru snigdham vatalam cagnidipanam" (Kai.ni.)l
.+rr< A*, {fl-d, itrfr, Fg ssrr6, I
n fun q qrtrq ,iqnijivcf'flq"'-RMiasd rei dFRl i {qr q+( |Ttr+i q"i +€ rfrftTsq Ei€6r( trf i A ilrrd-qr5;tr u,rit -9, r1a, ,6(EI: 66II6ET: qoi i-<+i qdt tt
E* eg{flaqq ffi +3l q <lda( t{tr?Fi 6q fri rrrr}ffi 41ft-d( rl+*+d< E4{ erffii serfun-6( I.ffnq sr-*+q {rvr}kfr +lffidl ri (fi.i.)I"Vetrastu tuvarah sitah tiktah katu kaphapahahValam pittam ca daham ca sophar6o]6marikrcchrakanVisarpatisaram raktam yonirogam tfgar.n jayet
Raktadosam vranam meham raktapittanca kusihakamVisam vai ne6ayatyevamkurah ksaro laghuh smrtahKattsnah kapahvataghnah pamam bhedakaram matamTuvaram laghuSitafrca tiktam katu ca vatalamRaktadosam kapham pittam nasayediti kirttilamVetrabijantu tuvaram svadvamlam ruksapaittalamRaktadosam kaphaicaiva nasayediti k]rtitam" (Ni.ra.)l
'"J]o.DjloEloer6,Clggl ol6'eor6,aolD]5rBi6i
ol'lcodcD6,o. ole{o 6,}D'lcac.sjooo. oroo
ojc(o(6ro"l6(r} orol6rdils]" 4,"-o^r'loroojlmc(0m. ((,)]. dic.)
132
[" Pirampintala kacullu ruksamakayumuntatuVirecanakaram rucyam knnidosaharam paramVetattine varuttitum kaphapittavinasanar.n" (Gu.pa)l
JJ.'
C al I icarpa m a crop hy I I a Y ahlVerbenaceae : (t+N-toq)
Hin
Kan
TamTel
Mal
San
PriyanEu, Daiya fF.i1 <ratl
Priyangu (do:oor$)
Nalal (flT)caoE)
Priyangu, Phalini (fi.{q, lFffi)
Nalal (Dnp6o)
Priyangu (3cbcr.r)
Distribulion : Bengal, Assam and sub-Himalayan tracts upto 1,800m
elevationThe plant: An erect shrub, 1.2-2.4m in height with branches having
tomentose tips; leaves simple, opposite. ovate or ovate-lanceolate.
acuminate. base cuneate or rounded' white tomentose beneath' main
lateral nerves 12-16 pairs: flowers rose-coloured. crowded in axillarv
peduncled globose cymes; fruits white drupesPsrts used': flowels, fruitsProperties and uses: The flowers and fruits are bitter, sweet, astnngent,
acrid. cooling, anodyne. deodorant, digestive, constipating'depurativc, styptic, alexeteric and febrifuge. They are useful in
vitiated conditions of pixa and vata, rheumatoid arthritis. burning
sensation, cephalalgia. diaphoresis, foul ulcers' dyspepsia' flatulence,
colic, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhages' haemoptysis. poisonous
bites, skin diseases. diabetcs, vomiting, fevcr and general weakness
The leaves are useful in gout and arthralgia
- f iq-q ' i f f iqcH+'qt i&qt
Tnr rir<* tlrltr 6iqr dqifufi tl+fr gwl!!il q qf+m atFqeq tE iE-ot rom."n {,ERqt ']'triFrqr il
Fqr.{riqwqr .ifqr ri-cq'irql='-iq1 Idror Frfi€q -l -dqt 'i+iq;.tl rTdl ll
f..E*q+d ( r{m r.oft '.rlf*sqr r' rri.ic )
["Priyangau priyav:,:; ca pFalini LanE,rrr'i pnyaVfta gocandani 6y'a.na karambha vrarralrhedini
6
cl
o6EooIEI
oo
F;.'-=
--\ !
\-J_-"r;
33.s
Gauri puskaraparni ca vanita nerivallabheSvayambale balevalli ksudrakhya pusyasobhanaPriyangavallabha prokta pitasarsapasannibhaKola girisvara sveta tatha gandhaphala smftaVisvaksena tu samvrta vallari vratatistatha" (So ni.)l
"FTffi ezrq rqlfit q dq36l sfdr
!r{rn tqTqr eft{r {q[{ddr }ler6r qi6i tt
firs{d ddr fu qc+rfr gqrR-*rri6q$ aqgiit 6r{n6sr rqTc5fu6r ll (3r.c.)
['Nrrdrsyate priyanguh \angurgaur; ca kanguka kantaSubhaga syama vanita syamalata pleksika phalini
Siddhavalli lata saiva varanari kumariKaGovandani vadhusceti kasahva syamapuspike" (A ma )l
"fiTq, qffi 6t<rT dflI s qfta;rflql I'|<- rnrwd yqrcr ffi{rjEir{foql r'- rqls r
['Priyanguh phalini kanta lata ca mahilahvayaGundra gandhaphali 5yama visvaksenalnganapriya' (Bha.pra.)l
"fiTEl, sfi-{dr iffdr q.aflFrokr.a( |
rqrftrql{{frfaa€}{a|6q{rq{r tt
Tiqlgf?rqM'nr(IFqfi!-qlffir I
reo eq rw sqFj {fl-fa x5 rlfu€ftnTacdf( {E{fr ssfiniq-(
- (qr.s.)
[" Priyanguh sitala tikta tuvaranilapittahrtRaktetisaradaurgand hyasvedadahajvarapahaGulmatrdvisamehaghni tadvadgandhapriyangukaTatphalam madhuram rak9ar.n ka9eyam sitalam guru
Vibandhadhmanabalak!'t sangrahi kaphapittajit" (Bha.pra.)l
"ErE-r {fr-{ar ia-+tr ffi tqr+Frtn rmgtr+a a c€r<+( ti fq.fr.l[" Priya;guh sitala tikta mohadahavina5iniJvaravantihara raktamudriktam ca prasadayet" (Dha.ni )l
''Fqtr{qjR<q{kRil Tryq {fl-fd,
4qq] qrk3nk{rdfudr{{r;seln tt-qrinegqgrqGft-.qs'
& t?rilF1 i.rs !i r|{ it,1 i?{rql ld. Iq6f5g -argnifit i'iis-J.+z -'fiq;qq;t r
q.-i -{Tt{d r:qi:iqr. rjl{4;1T, t)
qor.;r-.b-{ {ei ,ttrz;; ++zlar;rri
:+reqrrslrrgie cftir, cFdf-1q it tF.{.)
.136
["Gandhapriyangustuvarastikto vrsyaSca sitalahKeSyo vantibhrantidahapittaraktarujastatha
Jvaramohasvedakus-thamukhajadyatrsa haret
Vetagulmam visam meham m€dam caiva vinasayetRaktapittam nasayati bijamasya kasayakam
Madhuram sitalam ruksam luvaram grahakam guru
Malastambhakaram balyam pittaghnam kaphana5anamAdhmenakarakancaiva munrbhih parik:rtt itam' {Nt.ra.)l
".ft{TE!fr ri-n g'F.n Fmrrsri rqr{it'c*ffi qq fiTq 1airrrfu( rr- (q.f{.)
{"RaktasanErahani sita sugandha pittanasaniVasyopayogin'i vrsya priyangr.r guhyarogajit' (Ma.ni.)l
'erq1 {fr-{-d6t fa-an asfl-qrritwfr( r
qfurkqc{tr q€qqqffi 11" 1n.fr ;["Priyangu Sitala tikta dahapittasradosajitVentibhrantijvarahara vaktrajadyavinasani " (Ra.ni.)l
"vfcfi 66-r ft-fi Sq{rF@firn€r. r*ricffinitqdcqrcGq{qttl
TirrfqfrldF'Ei aiq r'-qfrqqTstrmei egi sei 6sFi sfl-dai C6A'q'menqogt r+qn *qtmk( rr" r*.fi.)["Phalini 6itala tikta tuvaranilapttahaRaktatiyogadaurgand hyasvadadahajvarapahaGulmatrdvisamohaghni tadvad gandhapnyangukaTatphalam madhuram r0ksam kasayam sitalam guruVibandhadhmenabalakrt sanErahi kaphapittajit ' (Kai.ni.)l
"eTq {fr-fdr qrFr<rctrrqrrsfu-(:rr+4--cq-{irr$ | r" (q.cr.fr .)
["Priyanguh ditala vantidehapittajvarasrajitSukhakentiprajanani gatradaurgandhyane6ini" (Ma.pe.ni.)l
Remarks: ln the Commentarv on Bhavapraka(anighantu and Indian Medicinal
Plants prirarigLr has been given the botanical name A81,r ia odoratissinlu l l l .
But in the Ayurvedic Formular_y of India . Commentaries on'Kaiyadevanighantu
and'Dhanvantarinighantu . Glossarv of Vegetabie
Drugs in Brhattrayi and Drav)-agunavi jnan'. this has been identi f ied as
Cal I icarpa nracrop hv a Yahl.
In Kerala what is sold in the markct as prly.rr i{ i / is the dried nralc l loNcrol tr lrr i t t tctr l rugrout ( i !1rh :o). I 'his cannol hc tust i l icd.
t l7
Coll. No. AVS 2445
C a I op hy I I u m inop hy I lum Linn.Clusiaceae ' (il1-.6-s{ -toq)
Distribution: East and west coasts, along river banks in certain localitiesThe plant: A medium sized evergreen glabrous tree, 15-18m in height
with brownish black bark having irregular fissures; leaves simple,opposite, 5-7.5cm broad, broadly elliptic, rounded at the apex oremarginate with very close numerous parallel nerves at right angleswith the mid-rib; flowers pure white, fragrant, in lax few-floweredracemes, stamens many, filaments united into'f{ bundles; fruitsglobose, smooth, yellowish drupes, pulp scantyl seeds ovoid.
Parts used : bark, leaves, seedsProperties snd uses: The bark is astringent, sweet, cooling, anodyne,
vulnerary, diuretic, emollient, emetic, purgative, resolvant anddemufcent. It is usetul in viriated conditions of pitta and vata .wounds, st(angury, skin diseases, pruritus, ophthalmitis, internalhaemorrhages, orchitis and for improving the complexion. Theleaves are useful in migraine, vertigo and ophthalmia. The seed oil isanodyne. diuretic and demulcent, and is useful in vitiated conditionsof vcta, gout, intramuscular pain in leprosy, gonorrhoea. skindiseases, scabies and strangury.
"5_{n 56q<lqrr Sqrqr: q1g*4lE: Iqrzd ffTor q Vrrfl Gq{, Eq, rf (q.fr.)
l" Punnagah purusastungah punnami patalicchadahPatali dirghamula ca sugandhi khacarah priyah" (Ma.ni.)l
'sqm, 5€sqq'l: Sqrcr cr.o' gqr{ ll
33rl
EngHin
KanMalSanTamTel
Alexandrian laurelSultan campa, Suftane campak(gdrr riql, gwr* tiv*l
Uma (crdra)Punna (dl(m)Punnagah (5:1FI')Punnai, Punnagam (qewcocor, qcurccrs6)Ponnavittulu (*,srre!er)
Calophyllum inophyllum
v.s. of fruit
bunch of truits
.figEdl .c€lgr5lld'li T4q{q: I" ({rt{.) _
I"Punnagah purusastungah punnama patalah pumanRakatapusp6 raktarenurarunoiyam navahvayah" (Ra.ni.)]
':{qh, g.;{rq er!+d i+qw$ fugqt
q-*ftrsr {'Ffi, +4r@ ffiw iFF{ r (q.c.)
[ 'Punarnagah punnama campeyo devallabho vrbudhaSurakamika surabhikah pitakhyah pitakesarah proktah" (A.ma.)l
"5-r'r, 56cq-{il fugril t*<err,
5_{rqT cladgq-+{ril rff+s{ rlcr{d+ {6t?r.r' *vrq, qr&qq, r€{sc, g{q!tr {qr( gr'?r, q{s<tetq, ll' (+ fi.)[' Punnagah purusastungo vibudho devavallabhahPunnnama patalipuspakesaro raktakesarahPam6umago mahanegah ke6avah patalTcchadahKaicanah suraparni sy5t sugandhah satpadalayah" (Kai.nr.)l
"s_{Fl frrRR fiffit eg,Ml6s{ rfa6ft q-61ffiqs{un{ 11" 1q.fi ;[ ' Punnagah disrrah pittahari caksuhdirorujamNihantt pakvetiseramarocakavisavranan " (Ma.nt.)j
-5qFi qtl{, {fr-ir g'rfu frilT{f( ri{cqrrffqit r<trc{rftftnfu( rlqs ftii Tr+n qRatfd +lfi-d( |
5w Et{ <rdsloosdlqqqqRo( 11' 19.1.1[" Punnago madhurah sito sugandhih pittana5akrtDevaprasadajanako raktarukraktapittajitKapham pittam bhttabedhem na6ayediti kirttitamPuspam vrsyam vatastlakaphadosanjayatyalam" (Ni.ra.)l
'fqrfi qqr, rfid gqfu ftffirvq( r!{]ffiq ffi Tsrfi, ({.fi.)
[" Punnago madhurah sitah sugandhih pittana5akrtBhutavidravanascaiva devatanam prasadanah' (Re.ni.)l
-yrr4Erfl qfl-+ €q futr{qrsrr( r td.li.)I" Punnagastuvarah 6itd svadu pinakaphasra,it' {Kai. ni.)l
'g-qpn qE rftirr.fifurffrqE, i (q.q.h.t
['Punnago madhurah dito raktapittakaphepahah' (N4a.pa.nr.)]
.1t0
Coll. No. AVS 2121
Calotropis Sigantea (Linn.) R.Br., - - J - \
Asclepladaccae : ( t l$-Tc'?,ti
Eng
Hin
Kan
Mal
San
Tam
Tel
: Gigantic swallow wort, Mudar
: Madar ({{R)
: EkkamCli (.)d;dro)
: Erukku ("oolad): Arkah (erS,)
: Erukku (.tb.itg)
: JillCdu (dg-t
Distribulion : Throughout lndia,in dry waste places
The plsnt: A large hird much-branched milky shrub' very pale in colour'
the branchJs. leaves and inflorescence covered with loose soft white
wool; leaves opposite' subsessile' ovate, cordate at base: flowers
beautiful li lac, rosy or purple tinted in umbellate lateral cymes; fruits
fleshy follicles. green' seeds with abundant white coma'
Prrls used : whole PlantProperties and uses: The dried whole plant is a good tonic' expectorant'
deDurative and anthelmintic The dried root bark is a substitute for
ipecacuanha. The root bark is febrifuge' anthelmintic' depurative'
expectorant and laxative. and is useful in cutaneous dlseases'
intcsrinalworms. cough. ascites and anasarca Thc po\\'dercd root
promotes gastric secretions and is useful in asthma'-bronchitis and
dyspepsia. The leaves are useful in the treatment ol paralysrs'
aithratgia. swellings and intermittent fevers The flowers are bitter'
digestive. astringent' stomachic, anthelmintic and tonic They are
usiful in utthmi catarrh. anorexia' inflammations and tumours' In
targe dose. i t is purgat ivc and emct ic .
"idd, e+a(ia gd rdtq, ft{6rF56, I
frsfril qls'{, crtfr q"dq, ftr+gqo, rlrrrqq, qffi qr( efum q ffitq,
Whqtq sqgsil rffir.6-€'n I
(dFd, {r4'rdl ffirrq sq|{{q tt*t, s-drqfq firtt+s, t
3.1r
Calotropis gigantea
i42
{gq, lr{firiq, etca-+T Fcfu+r r{qrsf Eg+Jdd q41i1 rru6q6, Isr*drq q-<rgo{t iirF {w{fud, ri t{.F.1["Arkah ksiradalah pucchi pratapah ksirakendakahViksjro bhaskarah ksiri kharjughnah sivapuspakahBhanjanah ksirapami syat savita ca vikiranahSuryahvadca sadapuspd. ravirasphotakastathtTulaphalah aukaphalo virrdatisca samahvayahSuklarkastapanah dvdtah pratapasca sittfkakahSupuspah sankaradih syadatyarko vrttamllikaRajark6 vasukoilalko mandaro ganarupakahKasthilasca sadapuspo ln6yolt1a saptasanrnitah (Ra.ni.)l
:rd, sr<rffi ffiI qr.... aJ+gqrs reifilqrR-dT(9, {sfili gFtrn g+so{q rls w cMrs iagt gfr+ aen t
s+ffifd fq'dq, vrd, qql{flq{q ttq*J6+TJs+1 {red, *dgqd, I
ffi T<rt qqs] lrorstrd, q<tgd rl
ffiq{Fq 9m qge-n frEq{q rlf;necfudr {ol-q rmrqrcd qErq{qfr, sq tt (3t.c.)
["&kai syadasphoto viklrano jarir.....lojrkapuspasca
Ksirinyadityahvah surupini dugdhini 6ukaphalascaSa eva ksiravamadca viksuro dugdhika tathaEkaisiketi viJirAyah dabdarh parydyavacasca,lnyollaftoltyalko rajarkah 6vetapuspakahSv6tdrko mandaro vasukd ganarupikah sadapugpiSivadekharadca vrkso vasuprado dirghapuspascaSivamallika 6uka5ca pratapasakhyo mahapasupatih syat" (A.ma.)l
"3{+tri qi
frfr dqeqrrf ,rd@t tt3rddtTli E"d og *F{qrq-q Ierire-6' rM,6rqqrqf{qrq{ r rrtrdssi qgi qfd-fii
Sqne +sarnqaarvfihri rR q r<fririuft 1ei ,erd itd a-q rrq+{r+s ffiwi frr'd e-c<oi 6g I
tqTidslti iq+aGt++{ ri f qr.y.)
{"Arkadvayam sarao vatakusihakandavigavrananNihanti plihagulmarsahSlesmodarasakftkrminAlarkakusumam vrsJam laghu dipanaoacanam
-34.1
Arocakah prasekardahkasa6vesan ivaranamRaktarkapuspam madhrum satiktamkusthakrmighnam kaphanesanancaArsovisam hanti ca raktapittamsamgrahi gulme Svayathau hitam tatKsjramarkasya tiktosnam snigdham salavanam laghuKusthagulmodaraharam sreslhametadvirecanam (Bha.pra)l
+rcm6{r fd{dr Fk$tsffi I
9r*'|6{r dtew FErqd lAsrc€r rlAqlit ffiI rleail q<n, +rqrd-dr rFfu4rqr ldE-dc d{q} .fi{eq:K ti" (q.fi.)
[" Kaphavatahara trkte krmikustlanivarrniDustavranahara tiksna sadepuspi visapahaTiksno visaghno bhutaghno mandarah kaphavetahaRupikaya gunaistulyah ptihaghno raktagutmanut' (Nia.ni.)l
3[d< dgttorrs
rit5{u6{, 6r{t;eFftfu{rvn, tl*nd, +gfr*itsit {o{hr:Fsrts I{rfqrs{ilrfiffi-{qrisfu{rqi4, trrlrd, +giraiiq Escr+ifEqrrd, Isrdt€qrrR €fr yilFfilqiT{1( rr" ({.fi.)["Arkastu katurusnasca vatajiddipaniyakahSophavranaharah kandukusthakrmivinaSanahSvetarkah kalutiktosno matasodhanakerakahlVutrakrcchrasra6opharttivranadosavinaSanahRajarkah katutiktosnah kaphamedovisapahahVatakuslhavranan hanti SophakandUvisarpanut,, (Ra.ni.)l-3i+q
yq cg{ qF*|i
5€ Thq sqcRnqs rerrcilfti fi e r*friq'rft {i'} v iea vSei I3r-d+trgc qEq og wa{r+1 I3Ti[qsrlsr{i,6'RrqRrfi qdvr( |irdqftt q.dcft k d qI *3:i og IXfuiT SH eft adffifirun{ rrtlgffii-sra] i nr+ dfiFrq, IsMR fil*itwi fu'd wer<"i oqS€,JrCETdr *'sffitq-{( r" (+.ft.)["Arkasya puspam madhuram satiktamkustham krmighnam kaphanasananca
344
Akf
A laAra
G u: -5r€K5Ku'
fi)(
"4)I " EN €
Er
Akhorvigam hanti ca raktaplttam
sarngrahi sophe ca hitam sagulme
Alafkakusumam vrsJam laghu pacanadipanam
Arocakaorasekarsahkasasvasan ibarhanam
Arkakslram snuhiksiram snigdham va katukam laghu
G Jrminam kusthrnem capi tathaivodararoginam
dr€sthametadvir€karthe ye canye dirgharoginah
Ksiramarkasya tiktosnam snigdham salavanam lagnu
KusJhagulmodaraharam 6resf hametadvirecanam" (Kai ni )l
''"oo;ao1ej uooldao]. olc.oc(6Ydt(0)lo 6'o-ocdld)C)lo
nccmg. andepg<roleLcJcei;. dl^lmotrtlm]o]ronDoo'
"Oold6naa"rlooleiol,l.,si. a,5o1e,l"do6lol mcuoc()oi"' ((nl dc)
I Erukkila samippikkum vatatteyuln kaphatt€yum
Nannef{am kama60laykkum dipanattinumuttamam
Erukkinpavelivisam krmikusihanca na5ayet " (Gu pa)l
Remarks : 'Abhidhenamanjari. 'Madanedinighantu' and Dhanvantarinighantu'
mention only two varieties of a;ka, namely. urka ar'd alorka (rdiarka) Bttr'Bhavaplakasar.n after describing two kinds of arka says that there is
anothe; variety called ra&trtlkd and describes its properties separately The
author of 'Rejanighaqtu' also enumerates three kinds of arka viz .c/kd
svaarka, and rajdrk.t and ascribes all of them properties separatel'Y'
However, only two vanertes of afi<a are commonly met with' one with
white flowers (Calo tropis procero) ard the other with lilac' rosy or purple
tinted flowers (C giganlea).ln Ayurvedic texts the white-flowered varieties
called a/drka are said to be of superior quality' though all the commentato$
are of the opinon that either of these can be used with equal effect' as both
have the same Properties.lrrational use of C Sisdnred can cause poisoning This can be treated by
giving one of the following intemally
1. Fresh leaf iuice of Indigofera tinctoria (nllamari)
2. Sugar solutionl. Castor oil1. Diluled leal jurcc ot lamarindus indica rpultmaram t
3.15
Coll. No. AVS 1528
C o Iy cop teri s flori b unda Lam,/--5---5 -.
LOmDIeIaCeae : (€(n<hl-3(,lL,
Distribution: Throughout India in deciduous forests in areas upto 750 melevation, as well as along water courses and in waste lands
The plant: a scandent woody shrub with slender brown streaked dlrrusebranches occasionally twining around supports and storing waterabundantly: leaves simple. oppositc, elliptic or ovate, acute oracuminate. surfaces tomcntose, main nerves 5 8 pairs: flowersycllowish green. apetalous. in fulvous pubesccnt terminal panicles,ovarv l-chambered with pendulous ovules; fruits 5-ribbed. oneseeded. crowned with strongly 3-nerved persistent calyx lobes.
Parts used: leaves. fruitsProperties and uses: The leaves are bitter, astringent, laxative,
anthelmintic, depurative, diaphoretic and febrifuge. They are usefulin intestinal worms. colic, leprosy, malarial fever, dysentery, ulcersand vomiting. The fruits are useful in jaundice, ulcers, pruritus andskin diseases.
"{r+fr iiffit qr*sr +qqi re-d-{d r3r.ror s lls{d T6C,(F €r Tq{d (3r.q.)["Susaviti toyavalli pervatya kathyate rajatavaltiAbala ca rajavalti brhallate se brhadvalli (A.ma.)j
'rdrfr'6r Ta{-c?ri iiT{€qF6I& q r
s;r.dd qrfiqd gs-4 {Fcrfr-6r ri t*.fr.)["Palasrke brhadvalli toyavalyaphatipi caKaravalll varivalli susavi sukumarika" (Kai.ni.)l
346
HinKanMalSanTamTel
Kokkarai (+H)
Nlarsadabaguli (dod.dt")r$O)Pullani, Varaval I i (orlfl ccDl, o.roclggJ)Susavi tgud)Minnarkoti (r-6lcmcornriG)snq)
Bandimurududu (ooeJ!6)d)dD)
Calycopteris floribunda
v.s. of flower
w/ : \
Ufruit
341
'TfuF--r{{r frffr qfr* FF{tfurfr Ifif{d q{Frdr ri- (q.fi.)
['Krmiprttahara tikta bhaJdini kaphanadrniPandukuslhavikaraghni karavalli ivarapaha (Ma.ni.)l
-so"i 6r(k qr{ ftd q-(fi rd{
6s 6€ q-qiFi f+{ Fii q rrr+( ri (fi.l.)
["Jalajam kdravellarr syat hktam bhedakaram matamKapham kustham pandurogar.n krmin pittam ca na6ayet" (Ni.ra )l
'+nld q roi TFtFm++ i.d( i(+.fi.)
["Karavellam tu jalajam krmipittakaphe hitam" (Kai.ni.)]
Remarks:'Fwl q fr gFA 6T.fr Yr* 99, +rdsSqk6l t(Krsne tu jirak€ susavi karavi prthvi prthuh kalopakuicika)
In the above quotation from 'Amarakosa sasavi is given as a synonym of
krsnajtraka.It appears that this has Ied many Malayalam commentators to
conclude that .'ll.t4ut is black cumin (Ni8e1lr Jativa Linn ) But the synonym
torav.rlli mentioned in all the above quotations from different authors make
il clear that s!s.tvi cannot be another kind of cumin.
148
Coll. No. AVS 2539
Enq :
Hrn :
Kan :
Mal :
San :
t a m :
Lt"l'
Camellia sinensis (Linn.) O.Kuntze(C.theifera Griff.)Theaceae ; 1a.{Iqqufi -td{)
Tea plantCay (qrq)
T6yaku (grcrr".d,Teyila (c(o',(oter)Sydmapa!'ni, CahA rvqrqqofl. qr<r rTeyilai (Gguflcocu)
Teyaku (dol-s)
Distribulion: Throughout lndia. cultivated at high altitudesThe plant An evergreen shrub or tree.9 15 m in height (60 150 cm in
height owing to pruning in cultivation): leaves simplc, alternate.elliptic-ovate or lanceolate with serratc margins, usually glabrous.leatheryt flowers white, fragrant, solitary or 2 4 together: fruitsdepressed capsules. 3-cornered, 3 seeded.
Parts used: leavesProperties and uses: The leaves are astringent. bitter. thermogenic.
appetiser. digestive. carminative. diuretic. diaphoretic. detergent.resolvent and nervine tonic. They are uscful in hyperdipsia.hemicrania. cardiodynia, ophthalmia. haemorrhoids. inflammations.abdominal disorders, strangury. fever and fatigue.
.qrd g qfufir eF- (trl.tr.)
['Caham tu cavika caha" (St.ni.)]
''vqrqqsfi {qrc-6r q yqrqr qBfusr qdr
ffi qK+1 iq rir6r fi'qitkdr -(8.)
['Sy5maparni syamaka ca sydma dhatr;yika smrteTauvari madaki caiva sitaha prryam6drka" (Sva.)l
"+q{i!ett qq{r enr ffi qr+fi oq, roqfrmQ +q firqffi r"(fl.fr.)["Tiksnosna tuvara caha dipani pacani laghuhKaphapittahari caiva kifr cidvataprakopani" (Sa.ni.)l
149
Camell ia sinensis
350
{qTrlqu[ 6clqlE[ 696r {ral Og: Ii+anqqaqw 6qr Ar{qrqfr |awrRr, eftrArr( F{ffifi rr"(€.)
['Syamaparni xasay6sna katuka mutrala laghuhNidra6ramaklamahara rucya dipanapacaniTrsnahara, catiyogat madamohadikarini" (Sva.)l
3-s 1
Coll. No. AVS 1294
C unav al ia gladiata (Jacq.)DC.(C.ensiformis sezsu Baker, non DC.)
Fabaceae : ( 3{c{G-fl-tR'{)
SanTamTel
Sword bean, Broad bean, Patagonian beanLal kudu su mpal, Kh adsampa | (orqtE;gqro, €-s{rqo )Tumbekonti, Sembi, Avare (srcddJoo$. ioa erdd)
Valvara, Valpayar, Valamara (cucgolo, olcuiloxE, olcgoo;
Asi5imbi, Maha6imbi f erfuFsrd, {dffil6egapputarirpattai (Gaouqgrbunrcor)Tamma, Karocikadu (d:)i. sf -sctu)
Distribuiion: Throughout India, cultivatedThe pllnt: A stout perennial twiner with glabrous stems and branches;
leaves compound, leaflets membranous, acute or shortly acuminate'
apiculate, base rounded, nearly glabrous on both surfaces; flowerslarge, white or lilac, in lax few-flowered curved axillary racemes;fruits large, sword shaped flattened pods, seeds reddish brown or
white, strongly compressed.Pa s used: fruitsPropetlies and uses: The fruits are sweet, astringent' cooling' appetiser,
digestive and vulnerary. They are useful in hurning sensation'hyperdipsia, anorexia, dyspepsia, wounds, ulcers and vitiated
conditions of kapha and Pitta.
"3tfufnd qCqtqTd fvrcfr' fcffi+t '
e1offi qtrmd gtM qftrko rr" 1r.fr.;
[^Asidrmbi khadga6rmbi dimbi nistrirr6adimbika
Sthulasimbi mahasimbi brhacchimbi susimbika" (Ba ni )l
"qpfr1s 6-Eqffi ftM q sqF+ t
€{rffi c€ffi *dFrqrFq qm tt
.*+* v+c+* ktn qtjfr r+1fi-f,r r' re.l
f'Asismbi khadga6imbi brhacchimbi ca khadgini
Sthula5imbi maha6imbi dirghanispavikS smfl a
Raktabija Svetabiia dvidha sajpi prakirttita" (Sva.)l
? 5 ?
EngHinKanMal
Canavalia gladiata et-"t-- l
E. 1 4 ;rri
./r7
t w i s + ! I
rf ru i t f
, a - ' : ]t .
{, 1 cm caryx
3calyx front
3seed
"qiqffi g qgrT 6sm rffii-(ddlllqlT.4
" {ftfrdr €ffi l" (n.f{.)
["Asi6imbi tu madhura kasaya st€smapitta]itVranadosapahantri ca 6itala rucjdipani,,(Ra.ni.)l-Fqr qI vrgTcqr e FqrqErfifl Td , - (8.)["Rucya sa sakamukhya ca nispevasadrsa gunaih,, (Sva.)]
355
Coll. No. AVS 2168
Csnnabis sativs Linn.Cannabinaceae : (tI{n-tOC)
Distribution: Throughout India, wild (North west Himalayas) as well ascultivated
The plant: A large aromatic resinous annual herb 1.2-4.8 m in height witherect angular stem, the female plant usually taller than the male;leaves palmately divided, lower 3-8 foliate with long petioles, upper3-1 foliate passing into bracts: male flowers in short droopingpanicles, females in short axillary crowded spikes; fruits achenesseeds black. flattened.
Parts used: dried leaves and flowering shootsProperties and uses: Leaves are bilter. astringent. tonic, aphrodisiac.
antidiarrhoeic, intoxicating, stomachic, analgesic and abortifacient.They are used in convulsions, otalgia. abdominal disorders,diarrhoea. somatalgia and haematorrhoea. Its excessive use causesdyspepsia, cough, impotence, melancholy, dropsy, hyperpraxia andinsanity. The bark is tonic, and is useful in inflammations,haemorrhoids and hydrocele. Seeds are carminative, astringent,aphrodisiac, antiemetic and anti-inflammatory.
'FErrT T{qr qtwrn qr{fi fuqql qfl" (qr.v.)
["Bhanga ganja matulani madani vijaya jaya" (Bha.pra.)]
'fs-qqr {qk6r rg'n a-<r51e3alkfr t
qR-{i rriffi erg, +ftr 'r{srtfii{€err rr" (q.h.)
l"Vijaya ranjika bhanga tandrakrd bahuvadiniMadini madikA matuh prokta gahcakinistatha" (Dha.ni.)l
356
EngH i n
KanMalSanTamTel
True hemp, Soft hemp, Indian hempBhang. Ganja. Caras { rr{'1, rtrtrql, qrr1)
Bhangi (Cor\)Kancavu, Sivamtli (a,oolcai, uolololei)Bhanga (q<'n)
Ganca, Bhamgi (s@en, unrb$)Ganjdyi (xce"cr:)
Cannabis sativa
ofplant
twigna l e
o f \plant
twigma le
357
.irqrn sq'dt iffdr rrffi c|{i og, r
Arlitwn t-q-ar ri1qlq"Tr{{i{qf+ " (qr.c., s.fr.)
['Bhange kaphahari tikta grehini pacani laghuhTiksnosna pittale modamadavagvahnivardhani" (Bha.pra.,Dha.ni.)l
'c<nRaffi Frqrd{+ €ffi t
qer rc*ni f+Eal.. q a<riqq{ ttr{R {rqdl qqfi F-qrer{ffr*( r" (i{rg+qidnF{)
["Madanoddipani nidrajanani haffadayiniDhanustambham jalatrasam vistcim ca madatyayamPravrttim rajaso bahvim hantyapatyaprasatikrt" (Ayurvedavijnenam)l
-3TFH dftfr d€qr {q*{*s+ qol r
Frcr€qw{+ rniflF{fl q.ffi |+flqffi{vfr iqr q F{6rft!fr j" (3r*q{iledr)
["Agneyi tarpani balya manmathoddipani calaNidrasanjanani garbhapatini ca vikasinlVedanaksepaharini jneya ca madakerini" (Atreyasamhita)l
(SamanyaSodhanam)eftT qF{"dql eqrcqrgcks {d, rgldma tri-( qqq f+{cqfa r q{rq, t
I" Ksf rena parip0rnayam sthalyamupavisam sudhihmleyantre pacet sanryak visudhyati na sansayah"l
ffitqra (Vi5esa5odhanam)"qd1ir{ 6qr4or ri'n *ir}a rit'rlq L+gv"n++1cet gwt r-d* M1 tt"
['Barbaratvak kasayena bhanEa sanEvedya sosayetGodugdhabhavanaddatva suskam sarvat!'a yoiayetl
'r{E riolffiFei votrq* frann-( r
fuTffi <rcq{ tt{qrqq {61ift {15qlqT6ft{6\ |3rfiiqrei d=ilfr rr" (3{rg+fd-drq)
["5va5fgaladidarn6ottham ialatankam nivarayetBahyayamantarayamau visucimapi darunamN/adetyayam mahaghoram dulaicaivamlapittakam -Agnrmandyam hareccapr ratdisramatisarnsrutam" (Ayuryedavilnanam)
qErfl S{frq-+ *q c{c'{q'F{r cq r
{-driT{drfi!ft rlFrflrqrFrfi qtri sTir{*T{fiftsft |rolq{rft'sl *e v1€wn aw tt
358
3{q{rir6{r +s s{6{rocsflRTn r
ftialq.sEod drqRrq.rolKr 1l3r$d-qrtdqRd drnjfrolFrdrlot L
sqrfiffi *s {6Yils-qirr(tr tt
a*ar r<{5<r1*meFwfi-+t tidffi sqrarrqnfi+t tt:rvrtqqrcq *q ffic*r rdsriE{5(TflF{r{T{ttFqiTr{{r ll
{r++{"'{i1! aq*qsgRrr( r
rc,{F h!:sr{ qr€F{kfui qe.{r llqeq6Rt{{ cT{ |
qkqlrirc-€{ *q qdlcfl{d6Fr€r Ltqrswirrl{igffiqrdt6qIKlF€1 tc{ {rq*,r{6 sFi isFGk fuird, ll "(qr.9.fr.)
["Bhange ksuddipani caiva dhvajabhangahara param
Svapnamehahara caiva suk!astambhanakariniNidrepradayini kamam kamoddipanakariniPralapanasika caiva dhanuhstambhahara tathaAnna50lahare caiva vrkka6ulapranAsiniPittadosaiastlaghni tvamasayabalapradaAiimaiatisaraghni tatheijirnanivariniUnmadanadini caiva vrkkaSophavyadheharalvlutral a raktasarnyuktamttrasravanivarikaVicitranandaianani svapnasantanakarikaArsovyathahara caiva kinciijaranivarikaVranamehasamudbhutasiSnasophavyathaharaNadidaurbalyasambhttam tathaksepasamutthitar.nFajah6ulam nihantya6u bhaskarastimiram yatha
Arnesayotthasulaghni yaksmakasahara param
Vastyaksepahara caiva saksepatamakapahaDarunaksepasanryuktamatlkastapradayinamParam sa;kramakam kasam vinihanti vi6esatah" (Bha pra ni.)l
F<rn-qqi4ftr (Bhangasevanavidhih)'fqslr*l-qlts qcpi tuiwr &-ilq-qffi il! €diFrFr€rcFl 11qPq€Ig ffi+ lem*l rc-a, topnqr qFas*Eqer\ 6{crf,{.1 ll6fudrs{qr €El qrqqt=i e{qt Ilnq{R*+is qra{Rffi 11crsEr{{ qsErd @ uiq fii tt3{ffiFild+dfr, +miks*q qr
rird'FT4fuq+kiffiqi qq!-6 q+( ll (,fl.e.f{)
359
["MjayabTjacumasya bhaksanam vidhina priyeSaryopakeraka0 tattu saryarogapaharakamParipakvani bijani vrksadaniya yatnatahChayayam patayedraksedbhaksayet karsametrakamKapilapayasa sardham masamatram varinaneDhatuvlddhiIbhavettasya centravrddhirvina6yatiMarirsadadhyam vasadardhyam dehadardhyam bhavet priyeAgnidiptirmanodiptih kamadiptistathaiva caPrajnadlptirdrstidiptirdiptinem paicakam bhavet" (Bha.pra.ni.)l
Remarks: The narcotic drugs Bhang or Hasish, Ganja and Charas are the d edflowering and fruiting tops of the pistillate plants of Caznabi.r sativa fromwhich no resin has been removed, Bhang, Siddhi, Sabii or Patti are the othernames of this product.
The use of hemp resin for narcotic and sedative purposes affects thecerebrum of a person and can make him lose his self-control. In larger doses,they produce coma and death from cardiac failure.
3ffl
C snsco ra decusssto (Roxb.)Schult.Gentianaceae : (ff.FllutT-to{)
Distribution: Throughout India,in moist areas upto 1,500 m elevationThe plant An erect dichotomously branched annual upto 60 cm in height
with 4-winged stems and decussate branches: leaves simple, ovate orlanceolate, acute, sessile. upto 5 cm long, prominently 3-nerved;flowers white, those in the forks, long pedicelled lax terminaldichasial cymes; fruits cylindric membranous septicidal capsules;seeds very small, brown, reticulate.
Parts used: whole plantProperties and uses: The plant is bitter, acrjd, astringent. thermogenic,
laxative, vulnerary. emollient, alexeteric, anthelmintic, appetiser,intellect promoting. aphrodisiac, deourative, rejuvenating and tonic.It is useful in vitiated conditions of kapha, inflammation, ascites,abdominal disorders, intestinal worms. insanity, epilepsy, newousdebility. forgetfulnesd, leucoderma, leprosy, skin diseases.tuberculosis, ulcers and general debility.
"{rqqgd 6Egd {|qsKsr 6'qqlffi |ffi vrqoggrTr !tq1 qaffi;; 1q.fr;['sankhapuspi kambupuspi sankhahve kambumatiniTilaki 5a;khakusuma medhya vanavilasini,, (Dha.ni.)l
TrEogS ctqufi +Eguft {+w 1l@i {iro-dT ffiE +qnfuo rcrq'rq$ rrqqngr ilqr ++ffi rr" (*.fr.1
Kan
Mal
San
Tel
CanscoraSamkhaphali ({iqqfu)
Sankinisoppu (dcgfdCg)Samkhapuspi. Kancankora(c/D"ardl"g"r'1, €5loloao6,co)
Sankhini, Sankhapuspi tvrq@,KancakUra (sbs;"o)
361
iCanscora decussata
362
["sankhapugpi ksjrapuspi kambupuspi manorama
Sivabrahmi bhutilata kiriti kambumalikaMangalyapugpi dankhahva medhya vanavilesini" (Kai.ni.)l
"vlEssd ! vqql{qr q'q'rq6'gnF sl- (qr.Y.)
I"Santnapuspi tu sa;khehva mangalyakusumapi ca" (Bha.pra.)l
"lr{cgel ggui "
Yr:Sr{qr 65q1ffifitiyd *Egd itqr ++fuotfuS ttiefil-A rrqe-ggcr Tdr{r rrqqcttr$ |
i&sr {rElagd aqmr rnrnnfr, ri (n.fi.)
['saikhapuspi supuspi ca sankhava kambumaliniSitapuspi kambupuspi medhya vanavilasiniCirinti Sankhakusuma bhtlagna 6ankhameliniItyesa 6ankhapuspi syadukta dvada6anemabhih (Ra.ni.)l
{rqggd vrt iqr gqt qr+qa'r6( tt€rq-fi +qrden qftr+tFr+otFr<r tAsrcsR5r+$sffrftqeT( I (rTI.e.)
l"Santnapuspi sara medhyA v6y- manasarogah!'tRasayani kaqayoqna smrtikentibalagnidaDosapasmarabh0ta6rikuslhakrmivisapranut" (Bha. pra.)l
"lTw5dt +qrdEr +qqffi tttrq-i vtr kqr orur@r€-{ffi-dr Iotfr iw qorrffi qffi 681a1 Ed, rrgx v rr@ iq d-a-ar erqfuk<t trqrr$ qrt sqi @e$on a q{r 11qfiffirffiqfffi 6g€ qdr Icrdsrg,ftrf{fr rrql"qr fofiftrfi rlfrq4mqqsd ++ 5fr i+i *q r
t66ffi r<lqq {ffi rr" (fr.r.)
["Sanknapuqpi kasayosna kaphakusthavina6iniRasayani sara drvya le leh rllasaju rttih aLaksmi medha balagninam vardhini kathita budhaihSubhfa ca sa;khini medhye sitala va6yasiddhidaRasayani sara svarya kiicidusna ca tuvareSmrtikantibalagninan va!'dhini katuka mataPacakayuf sthirakari mangalya pittana6iniVisadosamapasmarar.n kapham krmi visam harstKuslhalatetridogaghni grahado$asya nadini " (Ni.ra.)
"r'Efirn 6Eft-d6olt +tcfirt-{6rsfu( t
163
h\rqsRFR+{ Ek tq r*r+i r" (q.i{.)
["Sankhini katutiktosna kesapittavalasajitVisapasmarabh,tadin hanti medhya rasayani' (Dha.ni.)l
"rqug{ 15" irtr iqaq sc+rfipft rtrdTdrk4tsd qviMrs-6{r r" ((.tr.)
["Sankhapuspi hima tikta medhakrl svarakariniGrahabhttadidosaghni vasikaranasiddhide" (Fa.ni.) l
trqg54 s{r qqi caFtrftr rsr+$ rerSwn eoiivfir +org, otfi-< ttq r
["Sankhapuspi sara svarya katutikta rasiyaniAnusne vamam6dhagnibalayuh kentida haret llDosapasmaralutastrikusthabhutavisakrmin" (Kai.n j.)l
''{r-Eqgqi s{r iriqrqa{ff t{qrq6r r
+rsnlftxlrqq, qg 6r;6ri1jqqraq, 11qid-4?, +rsfuui$ iq-c, Tfurrvn, r" ({n.F.)
["Sankhapuspl sara medhyonmadaccharddivisapahaKesamardastridosaghnah svaouh kandhayol nnapdcanahSatiktah kasavidhvansi recanah krminadanah" (So.ni.) l
'rrW:e edjgeT itqr qr+sirrrea r
rqrqfi 6qr4rq qffi qofi?-q rr6flnr d'd-dr qqi tsffrftqqT( |vr++rg, fur|fifr m{|?qr ft-flRrii rl
r<tqs {ffi rrqlq-r+o nrrr Sdftr d qqr,i " (w.fr.)
["SanXnapuspi saraJjyusya medhya menasarogahdRasayani kasayosna smrtjkantibalagnidaKatuka sitala svarye kus_thakrmivisapranutPeckayuhsthirakari mengalya pit'tanaSiniLttapasmaradosaghni grahadosasyanesiniSarvopadravaha prokta puspairbheda gunaih samah" (Sa.ni.)l
Remarks: ln Ayurvedic dict ionaries the botanical name given for ialkhcpuspi is
Convolrulus plut ica&/r ' . 'The Ayurvedic Formulary of India' also identi f ies
this plant as tbe same. and also adds that Evolvulus alsinoides and Clitoriaterr i . l ted can be used as substi tutes. Also. except for the commentarv on'Rajanighantu'.
al l other publ icat ions do not mention CdnJco ra decussata.
3&
However, Convolvulus pluricaulis does not find a mention as a medicinalplant in the ' lndian Medicinal Plants' or 'Glossary of Indian MedicinalPIants'or 'Wealth of India'. Therefore. it seems that it is unwise to useConvolvulus pluricoulis fot the drlog iankhapuspi.
Clitoria ternatea is the drug commonly used in Kerala in all medicalpreparations wherever the names J:dikrini and iankhapuspi occur (referClitoria ternatea).
365
Coll. No. AVS 2394
C anthium parviflorum Lam.Rubiaceae : (rofuq156q;
HinKanMal
SanTamTel
Distribution: Throughout India,in scrub forests and dry platns
The plsnt: A thorny subscandent shrub with spreading branches; leaves
simple, small, opposite with interpetiolar stipules and axillary spines:
flowers yellowiih white,4-merous, small, in axillary cymes' corolla
tube shortl fruits oblong-ellipsoid or compressed drupes' yellow
when ripe.Parts used: routs. leavesProperties and uses: The roots and Ieaves are astnngent' sweel'
thermogenic, diuretic' febrifuge. constipating. anlhelmintic and tonic'
They are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha, diarrhoea' strangury'
fevei. leucorrhoea' intestinal worms and general debility'
Kirme, Kadbar (F6'{cr, 6<q{)
Kakegida (EDt^6)
Cerukera, Kantankara, Karamullu, Kara
(o.Jo)6,3o, a,6rB€o,co, 6,croaJgg, 6,3(D)
Gangeruki, Chayatinisah orq+5-$, drqridi{fl ')
Karaicceti (sncory&Glsrg)
Balusu (De))-.!)
"qrqH 6"iad d*+na q dr<+l t+M +ffi srqrfri+sr rdfr ri te.l["Gangeruki kamavedhT di!'ghakanta ca modakaKoranlaki kitamari chayetini5a ityapi" (Sva.)l
"'nEM osradn rgr lR gan
oqrftrqR{rrn Ffutqqffid( lr " (€.)
["Gangeruki kasayogrla madhura grahi matralaKaphatisarasamani krmikrcchfaivarapaham " (Sva )l
366
Canthium parviflorum
367
Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew.(C. aphylla Rorh.)
Capparaceae : (6fr{-toq)
Caper plantKaril, Kur€l (6i-o, tto)Nispatige (b{[tri)Karimulti, Karimullu (6,ololgel' aololeg)
^"rU"6 (6ftt,)
Senxam, Sirakkali (GwrirsLir, GDds66l)
Enugadanta (5$x5oi3)
Distribution: Throughout India,in dry areas
fhe plant e denself branching straggling glabrous shrub withsmooth
terete green bianches: leaves simple, caducous' found only on young
shoots]linear-oblong, acute, spinous pointed' stipular thorns- long'
sharp, straight, orange yellow; flowers red' in many flowered
corvmbs on old branches or short lateral shoots' gynophore about
12 mm longl fruits globular, glabrous, beaked; seeds numerous
embedded in the PulP.Ptrts used: roots. fruilsProperlies and uses: The roots are acrid. bitter' thermogenic' anodyne'
sudorific, expeclorant' digestive' carminative' anthelmintic'
purgative, antibacterial' vulnerary. alexeteric' stimulant' . .,
".i"nugogu"' uphroriisiac and tonic' They are useful in boils'
eruptioni. ivelling' chronic and foul ulcers' cough' hiccough' asthma'
vomiting. hacmorrhoids. intermittent fevers' arthritis' odontalgia'
lumbag6, dyspepsia' flatulence. constipation' intestinal worms'
cardiac debility. gout, amenorrhoea' dysmenorrhoea and general
debility. The fiuits are bitter. sweet' astringent' acrid' thermogenic
and constipating. They are useful in halitosis' cardiac disorders'
urethrorrhea and vitiated conditions of Pi1l4'
''sitit rFT{{-s rTrsgd Tsq-o, I
firitdqlrqrfq r+qdeq6!-a{, ri tq.fr .l
["Kariro guqhapatrasca Sakapuqpo mlduphalanGranthilastiksnasara6ca k!'akacastiksnakantakah" (Dha ni )l
368
EngHinKanMalSanTamTel
Capparis decidua
.369
"f{qr-d, 6fr€q ofrr, ui*rosq rf{-it rFrr{s arsdwr+rr+, rr" (1.fr.)
["Nispatrakah karirasca karirah granthilastathaKrakaro gudhapatfa6ca karakastiksnakan!akah" (Ra. ni.)l
''6fr{, FrMr qFldr q€T6n, i (.n.c.)
["Karirah kfakaripatro granthilo marubhtruhah" (Bha.p!'a.)]
'offir 5Es-odwrerit garvn, r
rrmsdrFca' cfri fird qa, tr
{Fo: 6-s,qdsqsFad, ogfum-+, rr' 1*.fr.1[' Karirako mrduphalastikgnasaro hutasanahSakpuspo gudhapatrah kariro granthilo matahSuphalah krakacastiksnakantakah katutiktakah" (Kai.ni.)l
'6t{' *-a6kfr, +qen t<{' qd, I
g?iq*sanTwTqitwdqcD1q I i (qr.c.)
["Karirah katukastiktah svedyu$no bhedanah smrtahDumamakaphavatamagara6ophavranapranut" (Bha. pra.)l
$3FsF{+FRS: I€dl +q6{, qrs, +csmTceintir( rrffiqsryimq, Tfrcrcldt {a, I3{irq-d Fdy1et ,eni *q ffi( rrsd er*q *gfu<gsi s gEi qd( tffi qg{ lft gudVa-*ic+1 rr
€a ssr olF i-r Sqiqd q +rvtitr l
5q srfs.t irfii gai +vft-tr1tr rr" tfr.r.)IKarirastuvaradcosnah katuscadhmankarakatrRucyo bhedakarah svaduh kaphavatamaSophajitVisarsovranasophaghnah krmipemaharo matahArocakam sarya5rJlam dvasar.n caiva vinasayetPhalam casya ka!ustiktamusnam ca tuvarar.n matatnVikesi madhuram grahi mukhavaisadyakerakamHrdyam rukgam kapham mehaln dupamanam ca na6ayetPuspam vatakarao pfoklam tuvaram kaphapittanut" (Ni.ra.)l
''qrdrAqEi .-rq *-{Ei l<defu( l
6t{crqr++l qkfl e5fr<o{ rr- (q.fr.)
["Vataslegmaharam rucyam kattsnam gudakilaiitKariramadhmanakaram rucikrt svedutiktakam " (Dha.ni.)l
-otrqnclrdi 6qFi
4-{wrnf,( 6Fdtfi {fi I
-37()
{qqrF{drlt-{6 {-&pfa@fis{dq-irs-€rQ I t" ({r.fr .)lKariramedhmanakaram kasayamkattgnametat kaphahari bhuriSvasanilaJrockasarvasula -vicchardikharjuvranadosahari" (Ra.ni.I
ott, +g+k<, €geit +{n q}( |g?iq6serdTql|{q@T{url-{tr
TR gq g gei er<rnq +vffi*q rrs-d td*i +qrqlwi q3:i rqq6+, rrtu+tfr egi sri wgffi sqfrnlsE rr" (+.fi.)["Karirah katukastiktah svedyusno bhedano jayetDurnemakaphavatamagaradophakrmivrandnTaSya puspam tu tuvaram vaiakrt kaphapittajitPhalam tiktam kasayosnam katukam rasapakayohVikasi madhuram raksam sangrehi kaphapittajit" (Kai.ni.)l
"+tit aungiqnftm-q sqqrdk{ |rf.qfuJF+f-qrr
dqq osqraEi 4w{ og rqqq;rytu e scr qui €frr<{ rr+'fri 6C6 cr4 rM*q qq{riq r*,qFi qrdai t{fii dtrri qqfirtfo( ri fril.fr.l[" Kariro vranasopharSoraktahrt kaphavatajitKatupakarasoJtyusno yakrtptihapahoJgnikrtTatpuspam kaphavataghnam katupakarasam laghuSrstamotrapurisam ca sada pathyam rucipradar.nKariram katukam pake 6lesmaiit srstamutravitKaseyam vatalam tiktam tatpakvam kaphapittajit,, (So.ni.)l
Remarks: The word karim is mentioned in Sdkavarga' of AstaigahrdayamSutrasthanam.' Sri Vasudevan Moosad in his 'Leelaplavam' Commenrarygives the Malayalam as aga$l for this kalira. But usually karira is known inMalayalam as dntdnmula, mulahukirrpu, and karimulli (karimultu,.
"Ern€i Ftirld g*(q-z* yqll r" (tffiqiFi)
f Varilsenkur€ kariroistri vrksabhidghatayo pumen,, (Medinikodam)l
",iTr|q{i q'+irF+ n€*i st q qr t" (qqr+)fl)
["Van6ankure karirojstrl tarubhed€ ghate ca na,, (Amarakoiam)]
371
From the above it is clear that ialir.r in neuter gender means vail\nnkura
(mulamkirhpu) and in the male Sender il means vlksabheda or 8il.rtd (pol )
From Vagbhata's statement" 6+{41qr{6i +sFi €E1ifii6i
( " Kariiamadhmanakaram kasfyam svallutiktakam " ) as the word /(d/i/d is of
the neuter gender. we learn that its meaningts mulamkirhpu.
Thus i t can be concluded that whcn kdl i /a is used in male gender i t means
/iarimufli and when used as &Qriram in neuter Sender it means
v'o lt{drhk uram or v aitiiigrunt
l7 l
cum annuum
v.s. of f lo\
Coll. No. AVS 2447
Capsicum anhuum Linn.Solan ace ae : (zFu-{fiffr -t-dQ
SanTamTel
Chillies, Long chillies, Bed chilliesLalmirca (oroltEi)Kempumenasu (doo raxi)Mulakg, Kappalmulakq, Paccamulaku, Cuvannamulaku
1oggd, a,d{oio1gd, d3Jo}ed;''r}olcmo}96;)Katuvirah, Raktamaricah ({g+{'' .ftcfi-s)
Milagai (r-Scnsnur)Mirapakaya (bb:s-o5))
ffitvre, tr<rqqfireriq ffir fi{qoecn ri (e.l[" Katurviroivalastik9no tivfa6aktiryide6ajah
RaKakhyamaricaScaiva prokto dirghaphalastatha"(Sva )l
6o,qn frqgrqs.€ nrfl i (3fl.fq.) _
[" Katurviroijala tiksna tivra6aktyajade tatha" (A.vi )]
EngHinKanMal
Distribution: Throughout India' cultivatedThe plsnt A suffrutescent annual shrub' 0 75-1.8 m in height with many
angular branches; leaves simple, of varying shapes, entire' acuminate'
usually wrinkled; flowers white or violet, in clusters of two or morel
fruits iong, cylindric, ovoid, obtuse or oblong, red when ripe with
smooth shini surface; seeds many, yellow, smooth, round' discoid
with a spinescent protuberance on the edge'
Parts used: fruitsProperties ond uses: The fruits are acrid' bitter' thermogenic' digestive'
carminative, laxative, expectorant, sialagogue, stimulant, cardiotonic'
antipyretic, antiperiodic, sudorific and rubefacient They are useful
in cephalalgia, gout, arthritis, sciatica, hoarseness, anorexra,
dysplpsia, flatulence, cough, cardiac debility, malarial and
intermittent fevers. dropsy. cholera, indolent ulcers and vitiated
conditions of kapha.
375
"f!'+fr frEdF.{i IFEI: sF{T{r{, Iffit M 6;rr, lEr1EF6{Rqr Infi.rvn t-q qr-,ijd, *ffirrrirrra, rgoiq eer+r+<tt {"d$''E&Fr{ rKr{ ri (Ts.)
["Katuviro katustiksno gurusnah kaphanasanahDipano rocano rucyah tBnadahakarastathaFoginam naiva pathyojsau, sevitastvatiyogatahKuryat svasthanarasyapi mutrakrcchradikan gaden" (Sva.)l
'sg-ffi {or€d s ErFt+ tl
-{rSd fu{dqq qsi Fdi {qr5vr( rr<r 'itt seFTq la(tflir"Fq rln qwvi rfr"i strqrafidfsd{ lqeFi:q'roi *qq TdR .'sq ffi( ri (err.fr.)
["Katuviragnijanani valasaghni ca dahinlHantyajimar.n visucinca vranam klinnam sudarunarJrTandram moham p!'alapaica svarabhedamarocakamNaram luptadharam ksjnam sannipatanipiditam _Nastendriyaganam tiksne mdyorakBJa jivayet" (A.vi.I
..3{irqta, drarddrfipft
tuqi+* pittufrfim6rfiefr rf<JftAqr+oqrq+rn'n
ffi+r ir<fr Fm*tRofr tf ttu.i.q.l["Arocaretah kaphavalaharinivipacini sonitapittakaridMedojkQinidranalamandyakarinivisacikem kmtati pittakarini" (Si.bhe.ma.)l
.^i4amo)]99 alga; o3olvicp"do6.rcmrc'e5oi
^rca,orrleeroirm;gg oaDo o(r)loocd (rl(olo" ((r)l. Jc.)
["Paccayayulla mulaku guru6lesmaprasekakrtPakattinkalatinnulla rasam madhuramay varun' (Gu.pa.)l
Remarks: According to the shape, colour and size of fruits, Capsicum annuunlLinn. is classified into different categories. Besides this, there is another kindof chilli used in Kerala under the names cinamulaku, kdntdimulaku andsicimulak4'. All these belong to the specics known as C. frutescens Linn.
176
Coll. No. AVS 1233
C ardi o sp erm um h al i cacab um Linn.Sapindaceae : (*i+o-to{)
Dislribution: Throughout lndia,in the plains
The planl: A pubescint or neady glabrous arnual or perennial with
slender -branches
climbing by means of tendrillar hooksl leaves
ternately bicompound' leiffets acuminate at the apex; flowers white'
small: fruits membranous, depressed, pyriform capsule winged at the
angles; seeds black with a large white heart-shaped aril'
Parts used: roots. leaves, seedsProperlies and.uses: The roots are diuretic, diaphoretic, emetic'- .
mucilaginous, laxative and emmenagogue' They are useful in
strangriry. fevel arthritis, amenorrhoea, lumbago and neuropathy'
But Iioman (1919) reports that the roots are ineffective for chronic
rheumatism. The leaves are rubefacient and are good for arthritis'
otalgia and opbthalmodynia. The seeds are tonic and diaphoretic'
and"are goodfor arthritis and fever. The plant has sedative action on
the central nervous system.
'r<R+S M +ftrffifr q t
r<rfuq{1"n< e-@t{rqr q 6r qt( ti (3t.c.)
['lndrahvaindri ca]ndravalli kathitendreniketi caIndrabhidhanapurvantu vallinama ca tam vadat (A.ma.)l
"rr{d rEF{tdI $qtst q 6rd rqrryar{'fi rrfr(4r iran ffiia q ri (q.)
["lndraval[ 6akralata ka4asphota ca karavi
earavatangi 6aflanva prokta tejasviniti ca" (Sva.)l
EngHinKanMalSanTam
Tel
Ballon vine, Heart's PeaKanphuti, Kapalphoti 1+ngd, +qro+El
Kanakayya (tddcd)J
U.lifrfra (ee16t6t6t)Saklalata, Indravalli (rl6oiT, r<-{d)
Mudukkottan, Modikkottan(g:gr66orur-cor, Gr-on$dGtonrrr-ctt)
Vekkuduiiga Pso6-co&r.)
377
,' t o;
-t:l
E.cto(,oe6
E
E2Foco.9
6o
178
-.d{d q€{r qrdd Effi i te.fi.)
l" lndravall i ivarahara vataghni vrddhini6ini" (Hr'pri )l
'5<d-d q.|6{ {nqqruE-{{r qil I
qrad qa +rqt qkv15rsdFofr ll" (R.)
I"lndravalli ivarahard 6ophapanduhard smrta
Varaghni matrala kasya vrddtri6utapanarini" (Sva )l
379
Coll. No. AVS 2431
Careya arboreaRoxb.Barrin gtoniaceae : (Sl5Kt6-O-Eioc)
Distribution : Throughout lndia in deciduous forests and grasslandsThe plant: A small to medium sized deciduous tree upto 15m in height
with thick dark grey bark having shallow cracks and exfoliating innarrow flakesl leaves simple, alternate, broadly obovate or obovate-oblong, rounded or shortly acuminate, membranous, crowded at theends of branches, lateral nerves 10-12 pairs; flowers yellowish white,large, showy, foul-smelling, in thick swollen hard terminal spikes,sepals 4, petals 4, stamens many, epigynous; fruits large, globose,green, glabrous, berries, crowned with persistent calyx and style.
Perls used: bark, leaves. flowers, fruitsProperties and uses: The bark is acrid, astringent, bitter, thermogenic,
alexeteric, expectorant, anthelmintic, antipyretic and antipruriric,and is useful in tumours, cough, bronchitis, catarrh, dyspepsia, colic,haemorrhoids, intestinal worms, dysentery urorrhea, leucoderma,epileptic fits and eruptive fevers particularly smallpox. The leavesare useful in ulcers. The flowers are useful in healing vaginalruptures caused by childbirth. The fruits are acrid, astringent,aromatic and anaphrodisiac, and are useful in dyspepsia and vitiatedconditions of ,kaz,/ra.
'*-.d rrfirdr dFd q-d i+Frd aq re$g gnvrn daql vqrrar {q ri ({.h.)
l'Katabhi nabhika 6aundT pa!a[ kinihi tatheMadhurenuh kgudrasama t<aiOarya syamala nava" (R5.ni.)l
380
Eng
Hin
Kan
Mal
San
Tam
Tel
KumbiKumbi (trd)
Daddala, Gudda, Daddippe (660.e.. rL6". dqdJ
Pelu, Alam, Perv, Pelv 1cld, crge-r., c.'li' c".r{)
Kuibhi, Katabhi (cnfr, +zs)
Kurhbi, Aima (glbrf , gon)Dudippi (6DeiJ)
Careya arborea
]t "m
rf\({ : l\*/
fruit
=-ill
.lrJ I
dcrfr nq{n!-ss' i (q.cr.R.)
[Kalambharascaru6mgi katabhi tmadaundakah" (Ma.pa.ni.)]
.6cS HE:Eqfs eglE rarqt, r" 1w.1.)
[Katabhi svadupuspadca madhurenuh katambharah" (Bha.pra.)]
"U?+dr +qFe 4m qrzffiF-s+t te$9, +dgq, ri@F-sq, rrqiE g{rcr q MJq e;.q{, i f*.t{.1["Ksudra6v€te caurasunthi sveta patalisaundikaMadhurenuh svetapuspah sanvitastrsnasaundikahBahurenuh sunema ca kaidaryoltha katambharah (Kai.ni.)l
-q-aflqci€IriT|@(r
t-.ig@n 6tF5€Efi: rgsm e +1ffim rrrs?t E{i nd HqK qq{+aa( r" (qr.c.)
["Katabhi tu pramehe!,sonadivfanavigakninHantyusna kaphakuslhaghni katuruksa ca kirttitaTatphalam tuvaram jfreyam visesat kapha6uklahrt (Bha.pra.I
-rarq,y*treq|s}dq@{r
Eng6q: dFttsq: rmd +sq+a1q lri+qi*ilJe fe$ {itfffr{rvg: i (q.qr.fi.)
[" Katarirbharah pramehasranadivranavisakrminHantyusnah kaphakusthghnah tatphalam kaphasuklanutNiryasoJsya gurury6ya balakrdvatanaianah (Ma.pa.ni.)l
'62{ q+( {{Er 5rt+wner+vgM tqmdsrfrlhsqwrrn ....... ........ .. r ({r.tr.)
["Katabhi bhavet katasna gulmavisadhmanasuladosaghniVatakaphajimaruja6mani ...................................." (Re.ni.)l
-6utqr, {g, M Argfuv1ffitn, I
fnfr oqtqrstAi@{ ri f*.fi I["Katambharah katuh sosno nadivranavis&hanahNihanti kaphakusthasramedomehavisakrmin" (Kai.ni.)l
.r82
Coll. No. AVS 2446
Carica papaya Linn.Lancaceae : (cEr(us-3('v
Distribution: Throughout India, cultivatedThe plant: A small. soft-wooded, fast growing, short lived laticiferous tree
upto 8.0m in height with a straight cylindric stem bearingcharacteristic leaf-scars throughout and with a tuft of leaves at thetop: leaves deeply lobed, palm-like with characteristically long,hollow petiole; flowers unisexual, white or yellowish white, rarelybisexual, males in long drooping panicles, females in short clusters;fruits one-chambered, succulent, indehiscent, spherical or cylindrical;seeds many, yellowish brown, ash coloured or black.
Parts used: fruits , latexProperties and uses: The fruits are bitter, acrid, thermogenic, anodyne,
aphrodisiac, stomachic, appetiser, digestive, carminative,anthelmintic, styptic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal. demulcent anddiuretic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of va-ta, cough,bronchitis, stomachalgia, dyspepsia, anorexia, intestinal worms,haemoptysis, haemorrhoids, inflammations, splenomegaly, ringworm,skin diseases, psoriasis, urinary calculus and injures of the urinarytract. The latex is anthelmintic, anodyne, laxative, digestive,emmenagogue, galactagogue, depurative, sudorific, febrifuge andtonic. It is useful in roundworm infestation, stomachalgia, dyspepsia,constipation, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, agalactia, skin diseases,leprosy, haemorrhoids, fever, strangury and general debility
"qr-sBfta $i fqffi-a qfuicra, r
sr{qs-d +ff, q +s qg6-+A rrtr.i{.)
['Erandacifbhilo vrksah cirbh a nalikadalahVatakurbhaphalah p!'oktah sa caiva madhukarkati' (Sa.ni.)l
EngHinKanMal
SanTamTel
tree,Pappeya, Pappita (qqrq, c+d)
Pappaya, Peragi, Piranji (om o:.r. don. Sdod)
Pappaya, Karmmosq, Pappali, Ka!'mmatti
1^rgcor, a,rdoornJ, rdogil, 6"(a@(oo,l)
Brahmairan.dah,Eran@ka!'katita-&-s,,s@:<r+AlPappali, (r-n-l rofl)
Bappayi, Bobbasi (a:J3or. d-r;$)
Carica PaPaYa
,;/'t4 ., -=.-.
Kt'\
I m a l e
.s,A:. tu,L' "6a(-\e f lowers
r7fruit entire andvertical section
384
"il*{Es{5, eftt kflrir4mr,Fr, Iffia6r +rre, {fui TRsor{d, rr(e.)[' Brahmairandataruh ksjri visalacchatraptrakahVisaranalika kandah sighram bhUriphatavnah" (Sva.)l
'ro nrers+q 6a aw fiftat1 r
d'qq Vsrssrs.a ffr ftm+dr{ |eii *i s dh6q, aESoftore g rErffititqgrgqi r" (8.)
["Phalam k,6mandavat hrdyam brmhanam krmijitparamDipnam 5vasakasaghnam pritidam pittavardhanamKsiram biiam ca krmihrt, tvanmuladikamasya tuTvagdosavataraktadirogesrapyupayujyate" (Sva.)l
385
Coll. No. C.U. (Cali) 11475
Carissa carundasLinn'Apocynaceae : ({aS-5ep
RIAunda, Ja -srnln€
flowered carrisa
Karaunta, Karonti (6,tl!-al, 6to-E)
Karikayi (dotoc$)
Tel : Peddakalavi, Vaka (-r6set' Js)
Mal : Klavu Perumklavq' KaraQla
idgcoi, o^ro1'decd' e'osne;
san : kalmardah, Avighnah (6{T{" 3rtfEq')
i". , ^"fa*a', eerurirxta (sarn&snu-r' GuqSr-bscnn)
Distribution : Throughout India'in drv forests' also cultivated
ii" pil.i t "
r".ge dlchotomously branched evergreen shrub withshort
stem and strong thorns tn pairs' bark lighl grey scaly; lei]:t":'-T]"
tpp.ti"..ffip,t or obovaie' shortly mucronate glabrous snlntng
and coriaceousl lloters wntte' in pubescent.terminal :::y-T::*iy-".; ituit
"ffip-id or glotrose berry' purplish black when rrpe
enclosing two or more seeos'
Parts used : roots, fruits
ri.'pJi., *a'*1 rl" t:-'.:'^?li ;"il"Hll'lill,ililliii,l3li"ar worms,antiscorbutic. and are useru
.."ii*'".J p.".l,us The unripe fruit is sour' astringent' bitter'
ii".-.g."ii, **tipating, anaphrodisiac' appetiser and antipyretrc'
and is useful in vitiated coJitions oI pitta aid .kapha' hYPerdiPsia'
il;;;;;;t""ia' and intermittent fevers The.ripe fllt-l:, t*"tt'""".ii"g' ,pp",ittt and antiscorbutic' and is useful in. anorexla'
ui,iu',J "i,ioitiont
of pirta and vam' burning sensation' skin diseases'
scabies and Pruritus'
'6{TtsmhEi q+ui qFrqtq t
6{rei 6'w{ s Sslcl6sti qa( ri (qi<)
.[" Karamardakamavighnam susenam panimardakam
Karamlam karamadar.n ca klFnapakaphalam matam' (Dha ni I
6<14, qnlr{s 5115' 5rr{m' t
qfrq "qfitgdw
{qq'qq-dl fr' ri fni+ )
386
o(EttoG(,6o.96o
:r ;,','S.-g- Z/'\-_:__:':_sE
I87
[Karamardah susena6ca karamlah karamardakah
Avignah panimarda6ca krsnapakaphalo munih" (Ra.ni )l
"6TTi, {t"I, ErQwrqrrFdern r
Tsr@gFdr qr g {r iql 6{qH-fi ll- (qr.q.)
IKaramardah susenah syit<rsnap;kaphalastathe
Tasmailaghuphala ya tu sa jrleya t<aramardika' (Bha.pra.)l
nmr gn'tn 6{cft-sr taiSro effi-+ {T65qI q nGo{ llqrfurffiq'c firqi r"roqd'c1
- td.i{.1
lKrsnapakaphara pr6kta susena karamardik,
Vaneksudra ksiraphena samlapuspa ca tatphalam
Panimardakamavignam karamlam sthalamarkatam" (Kai ni )l
-6{Tic?i iqrqq€i T€ EsTqEt I
swi gtr{fii ffi rratr++qe<R tT{€i qT c;rj og fIT€+{k( l (in.s.)
[ 'Karamardadvayam tvamamamlam guru trsepaham
Usnam rucikaram proktam raktapittakaphapradamTatpakvam madnuram rucyam laghu pittasamirajlt" {Bha pla )l
-6{trfu qri tcqi qrffiT+{ t
{5fuf,fl qft qr6qF €fsrq t
rddfrii 6rF *q qf+{Efurr{r+{ tt
n$sd cgr sd og {fra{q ftTq t
.fiFr.a fiE s{s fuq qmsq arvd( rl
ilqei r€'sBii I'ni'j isqed'3,-.q5-R t1"nr+q iqr :mona+( r ti+.i.t
[ 'Karamardaphalam camam tiktar.n cagnipradipakamGurupittakaram grehi camlamugnam rucipradamRaKtapdtar'r kapham caiva vardhayettrdvinadakamTatpakvam madhuram rucyam laghu 6itanca pittaham
Raktapittam tridosanca visam vatanca na6ay;tTacchuskam pakvasad6am gunajneyam vicaksanaihAtyamlasya guna6caiva jieya amakaramlavat " (Ni.ra.)l
"3rE E*nqE c.ri tm.+anrdq t
q+j S qT {iii .fifun€i qcq rr" (q.t{.)
['Amlam trsnepaham rucyam pittakrtkaramatdakamPakvam tu madhuram 6itam raktapittaharam matam" (Dha ni )l
6rr{, qid-€rail qd flr+qn+,r€ft{Md€ftEi fuq{rvn, ri ({.i{ )
38u
[" Karamardah satiktamlo balo dipanadehakahPakvastridosasamanoJrucighnd visanasanah ' (Ra. nr. t l
"6{r{ T€wnai €""i enssrs-flqgnkq vt q*i og etg qcrst*( rr{q rtr{<q{ reqqriqTr+q r" t*.fr.)I" Karamardam gurusnamlam rucyam pittakaphrsrakrt
I,Jdvatajit saram pakvam laghu svadu kaphtsrajit
Suskam pakvavadapyamam pakvamapyardramamavat" {Kat.ni.)l
-6rr1s?t qrfqa frn4qcE1+{i ,Md q qrircvrr{ 16 rlr€l]4jefiri q a-{ei Ttu{ffiq r" f€1.fi.)["Karamardaphalam cardramamlam pittakaphapradamBh;danam cosnaviryam ca vatapra6amanar.n guruPakvaduskeJlpapitte ca tanmulam krminutsaram (So.ni.)l
Remarks: lh, karunur,)A,L dt\cr ibcJ in Bha\aprakasam untler
karamordadvayam (two varieties of kdramor.la\ rs Corissa spinarum Lint\.
an r l i n Ma lava lam i t t s knoun as .e r r r l f r r r .
389
Saf{lower, Bastard saffron
Kusum, Kusumba (5gc, Eig-{r)Kusubbi, Kasube (?)$a1. dxa?3)
Kuyiripu, Centr-rrakam (a,lonml' o.lo6tloa'o)
Kusumbah (tqR,)
Senturakam, Kusumba (Ge$grq sLir, gcnt'lbun )
AgniSikha, Kusumbha (ertn.D. snbo?))
C arthamus tinctorius Linn,Asteraceae : (rf{rw-go{)
[- tsnot -
Hin
j KanMal
bani Tamt -
l e l
L
Distribution: Cultivated in almost all the statcs of India
Thc planl: An erect branching annual herb 3G60 cm in height; leaves
subcrcct. oblonq. s!'ssilc. spinosely serrate: flowers yellowish or
orangc red in largc terminal heads; fruits smooth' obovoid'
4-angled achencsParts used: leaves. flowers' seeds
froporrioa "na
ut"s: The leaves are bittcr swcet' laxative' appetiser and
diuretic. and are useful in urorrhea and ophthalmopathy The flowers
arc bitter. liver tonic. diuretic. laxativc' expectorant' sedative and
emmcnagogue. They are useful in strangur-v' leprosy' inflammations'
t oitr, .in! *n.., tcibies. leucoderma' hacmorrhoids and bronchitis
Sced. ari'bitt"r' purgativc. carminativc' aphrodisiac' diuretic and
ionic. They nrc usetul in leucoderma' scabies' catarrh' pectoralgia'
oharvngor lvn ia. ar thr i t is and consl ipa l ion '' i i"i..i oir is used as a liniment in arthritis and as a dressing for
foul ulcers. Thc oil is reported to cause pruritus and eye diseases and
incrcases tridrxa
"TgEtl qle-" +drdft q€tasc( |
+gir RrdEi{RrEi etxqr*+ifrcl tt
i-fiii +t6dr ca<r r|gr r$r+tt alTI i (q f{ )
f"Kusumbham pavakar.n pitamalaktar.n vasttaranianam
Kausumbham syadvahni6ikhar.n vasttarafr iakasamjiitar.nTadbijam kilata latva 6uddha padmottara tatha" (Dha ni )l
390
--
Carthamus tinctorius !-t"'" ts I
f lowering twigs
-ai{iqd-q q.d { a i|RI qrtf-6r i (qlv.)
I"i("usumohaoiiam varata sa vai proxta varatika" (Bha pra )l
lwq *; €* (nft-trssn€\ rl
Siqto{oi q ffi 69+ 16 |ffi q ffi+q rdirqq-dwr{ ri (q.f{.)f'Kusumbham vatalam ruksam raktapittakaphapaham
Kusumbhatailamusnar.n ca vipake katukam guru
Vidahi ca vi6asena sarvadosaprakopa4am " Pha ni )l
'q{ret cg{r Rrtut r<tn-qctwr t
oqrqr rfi-ran 5S er€qi{ona ,,
qiqtocEi RlSEi 15 ffi€ s IqgqTcFtii qEd T4ifrn6q'r({ ll- (qlg )l"Varata madhura snigdha raktapittakaphapahakasaya 6itata gurvi syadvrwdnilapahaKusumbhatailamamlam syadusnam guru vidahi ca
Carsu"'vu."nitut ursvam raktapittakaphapradam " (Bha pfa I
"5;qi <rrdil 6sir ffi og4: qd: t
{dfq 6s .ftft-r{Cs ffi( tt
gsqgq ger5, ffiqri q qq61 t
Fsigui frTdqa +{rtqqqfiR6( ll
6s-iT{I6qAq og ilt r*frfr' t
wcqi qs{ +Jqgq 6g qq llqffiFil+r{srfr €-ai set 1t qq t
{t kr+i qrai 5<tmi rq ri (+r6irsvE)
lxusumono vatalo rukso vidahi katukah stft{. -Mutrakfcchrar.n kapham raktapittam caiva vinasayet
Kusumbhaouspam susvaduh tridosaghnar.n ca bhedakam
Ruksamusnam pittalaF ca kesarafljanakarakamKaohana6akaram caiva laghu ffoktam manisibhih
Kusumbhapatram madhurar.n netryamugnam katu smrta(n
Agnidiptikarar.n capi rucyaq rukgar.n guru smrtam
Siram pittaraiam cadam gudarogaharaF matar.n" (Vaidyakanighantu)l
Remarks: The safflowen are at times used as adulterants of saffron They can be
easily distinguished from real saffron by hot water treatment ln hot water
the safflower will re-expand and regain its original shape and its corolla can
be easily distinguished from the stylar tops of C/')ctd ralivllt'
393
APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS
achene a small dry one-seeded fruit developed from a superiorovary Pericarp and testa are free from one another
acicular needle shaped
acurninate tip drawn out into a narrow prolonged termination
acute trp forming an acute angle, without a special tapering
adhesion union of dissimilar parts
adnate anther fi lament is attached to the back of the anther throughout
adnate stlpule stipules become concrescent during growth wilh theleafbase or petiole
amplexicaul lobes clasping the stem
apetalous when the corolla or inner whorl ot perianth is not present
apocarpous ail carpels being free when the gynoecium consists of morethan one carpel
anl major or minor outgroMhs of various kinds which developfrom any part of the seed, funicle, integuments, chalaza ormrcropyle
aunculate ear shaped; two lobes oJ a sessile leaf partially overlappingthe stem
axile placentation placentae on which the ovules are borne being on the axisin the centre of the ovary
basal ovules attached to the base of the ovary
basil ixed the connective being less prominent and the fi lamentattached to the base ol the anther
berry a fleshy fruit with usually a massive, soft and juicy pericarpwhich is difierentiated into an outer epicarp and a massivefleshy mesocarp
bicarpellary with two carpels
bi'oliate wilh iwo leaflets
biiabiate with two projecting l ips
394
bipinnate rachis is once branched and bears secondary rachis onwhich the leaflets are borne
bracteate Jlower with a bract
bracteolate flowerwithbracteoles
bulbils small axil lary bulbs which become fleshy due to storage offood materials
caducous lall ing away early
carnpanulate bell shaped
capsule a dry dehiscent frui't lormed from a multicarpellarysyncarpous gynoecium dehiscing in a variety of ways
caryopsis an achene in which the fruit wall and seed coat are tusedwith one another
cauline leaves arising on the stem
circinate rolled up spirally like a watch spring from the apex to thebase
cirrhose tendril led apex
cohesion union of similar Parts
conduplicate leaves folded lengthwise along the midrib with the upperface within
connate the lobes of two opposite sessile leaves united at the node
cordate heart shaped. The base is rounded in forming a notch orsinus where the stalk is attached.
coriaceous tough and rigid, leathery
corymb a raceme relatively shorter and broade( the lower flowersbearing longer stalks relatively to the upper ones so that allthe flowers reach the same level
cremocarp a bicarpellary bilocular capsule derived from an inleriorovary which splits into two indehiscent one-seeded partsor mericarps attached to the common axis, carpophore
crenate teeth on the leaf margin rounded
crustaceous hard and brittle
395
cuneate wedge shaped, broad above and tapering by straight lines
to an acute base
cuspidate apex ends in a hard spine
cyathium a special type of cymose inllorescence reduced to look like
a single flower
cypsela an achene that develops from a bicarpellary inferioruniovulate ovary with the pericarp and testa free from one
another
deciduous lasting only lor a single season
decompound a general name applied to much or irregularly branched or
dissected leaves
decurrenl leat extending to a wing on the stem
decussate the successive pairs of leaves stand al right angles to oneanother
dentate margin with teeth direcled outwards, not towards the ap€x
ot the blade
diadelphous stamens united into two bundles
dichlamydeous with two whorls of perianth or complete
didynamous an androecium of tour stamens in two pairs, a pair ot short
and a Pair ot long stamens
dioecious unisexual flowers. The male and lemale flowers are present
in different Plants.
dorsifixed tip of the filament attached to the back of the anther aboutthe middle of it
drupe a fleshy fruit having its pericarp differentialed into outerepicarp, middle mesocarp and inner endocarp
ebracteate flower without a bract
ebracteolate flowerwithoutbracteoles
elliptic oblong but ends tapering towards both the ends
emarginate with a terminal notch
epicalyx a collection of bracteoles on the outside of the calyx
396
epigynous flower
epipetalous
exstipulate
lascicle
fistular
foliaceous
foliaceous stipules
foll icle
free central'
gamopetalous
gamosepalous
gtaDrous
glaucous
glumes
gynoDasrc
gynophore
hastate
head (capitulum)
helicoid
The receptacle is cup shaped and the ovary of thegynaecium is sunk inside it and the ovary and thereceptacle wall become tused. Calyx, corolla andandroecium are inserted above the top of the ovary.
concrescent with the corolla
leaves without stipules
a clustered form ol an inflorescence in which the flowersare short and crowded
hollow
large green and leaf-like
green and expanded leaf-like stipules that do the lunctionof assimilation
a dry dehiscent fruit developed from a single carpel(superior ovary) which dehisces from the ventral suture only
In a syncarpous unilocular ovary the ovules are borne on amound or column in the centre, at the base of the commonlocule, iree from the ovary walls
petals united
sepals united
surface smooth without any hair
covered with bluish waxy gloss
specialised bracts characteristic of the inflorescence of thegrasses and the sedges
arising from the base of the ovary
internode between the androecium and the gynaecium
with the two pointed lobes at the base stretching outhorizontally
inflorescence with a common receptacle bearing sessileflowers in a dense mass with the youngest to the centre
branching regularly to one side only
39'l
hesperidium a fruit lhat develops from a superior multicarpellarysyncarpous ovary. The fruit wall has outer glandular skin orepicarp, a middle Jibrous mesocarp and an Innermembranous endocarp and has iuicy hairs or outgrowthsfrom the placentae.
hispid covered with rough bristly hair
hypanthodium inllorescence axis hollowed into a cavity bearing a numberof flowers and having a narrow opening at the top
hypogynous flower calyx, corolla and androecium arranged in sequence belowthe gynaecium; the ovary is said to be superior.
imparipinnate with an odd leaflet at the end
interpetiolar stipule stipules lying between the petioles of opposile or whorledleaves so that they alternate with the latter
intrapetiolar stipules of lhe two sides of a leaf unite in the axil of a leafstipule and become axillary
involucre a collection or clusler of bracts usually surrounding acondensed inflorescence
lanceolate lance shaped
legume a dry dehiscent fruit developed from a monocarpellarysuperior ovary which dehisces by both the sulures
lianes large woody climbing or twining plants
ligule a scale at the upper end of leaf sheath
linear long and narrow
loculicidal a capsule where the carpels split down along their dorsalsutures opening into their locules
lomentum a pod oonstricted between the seeds breaking into one-seeded Parts
lyrate divided with a large terminal lobe
marginal in single carpels, the ovules are arranged along the lengthof the margin
monadelphous stamens form only a single bundle
monocarpellary containing a single carpel
398
I
monochlamydeous: with one whorl ol perianth or incomplete--apetalous, if thecorolla is not Present
monoecious flowers unisexual and both male and female flowerspresent in the same plant
mucronate abruptly tipped with a small and short point on a nearlystraight edge
multicarpellary containingmanycarpels
multifoliate or with several leafletsdigitate
nut a large dry indehiscent achene having woody hard pericarp
obcordate heart shaped at the lop
oblong nearly ell iptical, with sides more or less parallel ' endsblunted.2-4 times as long as broad
obovate inversely ovate
obtuse blunt t ip ending in a blunt or roundish extremity forming anobtuse angle
offset a stout and short runner-like branch which bends at the tipand gives rise to rosette of leaves above and roots below
orbicular circular or round in outl ine
ovate egg shaped; broad at the base and narrow at the tip
panicle a compound raceme or any repeatedly branchinginflorescence
papilionaceous corolla consisting oJ vexillum (two laterals), alae (wings' twopartially tused structures) and keel or carnia
pappus reduced to bristles or hairs
parallel venation veins and veinlets parallel
paripinnate with an even number of leallets
pendulous anther fi lament l lexible and hanging, carrying the anther at the topof it
pentacarpellary containingfivecarpels
399
pepo a baccate lruit developed from a tricarpellary syncarpousinferior ovary with parietal placentation. The epicarp is hardand the mesocarp fleshy.
parietal ovules are borne on the inner walls ol the ovary inunilocular syncarpous gynoecia
perfoliate lobes ot the sessile leaf fused together round the stem
perigynous flower receptacle concave or cup shaped, gynoecium situated atthe bottom of the cup, calyx, corolla and androecium arisetrom the rim of ihe cup of the receptacle
perisperm Persasting nucellus.
petaloid brightly coioured and serves to attract insects
pilose with soft scattered hair
pistillate only gynoecium is present
polypetalous petals free
polysepalous sepals tree
pome a fleshy faise fruit developed from a multicarpellarysyncarpous inferior ovary in which the receptacle alsodevelops along with the ovary to form fleshy edible part
pubescent covered with fine, soft hair
pulvinate swollen or cushion shaped
quadrifoliale with four leaflets
radical leaves all crowded together and springing from the level olthe ground
raceme a racemose inflorescence in which the main axis isunbranched and indefinite in growth, bearing pedicellateflowers
regular (actino- a llower In which the memb€rs in each whorl are similar tomorphic) one another, and can be divided in any plane into two
equal halves
reniform Jddney shaped
repano when the margin is wavy, slightly bending inward andoutward
400
III
reticulate venation ultimate branches of veins, forming a tine mesh or network
retuse broad tip and slightly notched
rugose ridged or wrinkled
sagittate arrow-shaped where the ear-like parts are acute and turneddownwards towards the stem, while the main body of thebiade tapers upwards to a point
samara a large winged achene
scabrous surface rough
scarious thin, dry, not green, stltf
scorpioid branching alternately to either side
septicidal a capsule that splits along the septa
septifragal a capsule may split either in a loculicidal or septicidalmanner but the septa break trom the outer walls of thecarpels and remain attached to the central axis with theseeds left in the centre of the fruit
serrale small and sharp teeth directed forward like the teeth of asaw, pointing to the tip of the blade
serrulate diminutive of serrate, and is equivalent lo minutely serrate
sheathing leaf base lorming a sheath round the stem
siliqua a dry dehiscent fruit developed from a bicarpellarysyncarpous superior ovary divided vertically into two loculiby a talse septum
simple pinnate a oice pinnate compound leaf possessing only a singleunbranched rachis on which the leaflets are borne
sorosis a multiple fruit that develops from a spicate inflorescence
spadix a tleshy spike usually enclosed by a spathe
spathe a large bract usually coldured and enclosing aninflorescence
spathulate spoon shaped
spike a raceme with sessile flowers
,101
ct inFl a chn'r le n{ 2 leaf let
stipulate leaves with stipules
stolon a prostrate or reclined branch which strikes root at its tipwhere it touches the ground and then develops anascending growth
succulent f leshy or spongy
sucker a short branch which arises commonly from a subterraneanstem from the axil of a scale leaf
superficial ovary multilocular and placentae spread over the surfaceof the partition walls bearing the ovules
syncarpous carpels united with one another
tomentose covered with cottony fell
tr icarpellary containingthreecarpels
trifoliate with three leallets
tripinnate secondary rachis of a pinnate compound leaf bearingtertiary rachii on which the leaflets are borne
truncate tip as if cut off by a straight transverse line
umbel a racemose inflorescence in which there is an extremereduction of the inflorescence axis
unifoliate a palmate compound leaf with a single leaflet joined to thepetiole
variegated multicoloured
versatile top of the filament delicate and the anther free to swing inall directions
verticillaster a special type of cymose inflorescence condensed andoccurring in the axils of a pair of opposite leaves forming afalse whorl at the node
whorled more than two leaves arise at a node
zygomorphic an irregular flower in which the members are so dissimilarto one another that the flower can be divided only into twoequal halves in one plane only
4m
APPENDIX B : GLOSSARY OF MEDICAL TERMS
abortifacient: an agent that induces abortion
abscess a localised collection of pus caused by suppuration in attssue
absorbent any agent which attracts and sucks up gases or secretionsfrom a wound
acne a term denoting an inflammatory disease occurring In oraround the sebaceous glands
acrid bit ing, pungent
agalactia absence or failure oJ secretiorfof milk
ague malaria
albuminuria the presence of serum albumin and serum globulin in theurine
alexipharmic antidote to poison
alexiteric proteclive to inJectious diseases
alopecia loss of hair - a malady in which the hair lalls from one ormore circumscribed round or oval areas, leaving the skinsmooth and white
alterative causing a favourable change in the disordered functions ofthe body or metabolism
amenorrhoea failureoJmenstruation
amenlia an arrest of the development of the mind from birth to earlyage
anaemia lack of enough blood causing paleness
analgesic an anodyne
anaphrodisiac having the power to lessen or inhibit sexual feeling
anasarca diffused dropsy in the skin and subcutaneous tissue
anodyne a medicine that allays pain
anorexia a condition of having lost the appetite for food
anthelmintic destroying or expell ing worms
403
antidote an agent which neutralises or opposes the action of apoison
antiemetic an agent that relieves vomiting
antil i thic an agent which prevents the formation of calculi orpromotes their dilution
antrpe(odic preventing the regular recurrence of a disease
antiphlogistic acting against heat or inflammation
antiprurit ic preventing or relieving itching
antrpyretic counteracting fever
antiscorbutic actingagainstscurvy
antiseptic a chemical steri l ising substance to kil l or controlpathogenic microbes
anuspasmodtc opposing spasms or convulsions
anuria complete cessation of the secretion and excretion of urine
aperient a laxattve or mild cathartic
aphrodisiac a drug which stimulates sexual desire
aphthae ulcer on the surface of a mucous membrane
apoplexy a sudden loss of consciousness
arthralgia pain in a joint
arthrit is inflammation ot a joint
ascites abnormal accumulation of f luid in the peritoneal cavity
aspnyxra inabil ity to breathe
atrophy wasting of a tissue or organ
balanitis a condition of inflammation ol the glans penis or of thegtans of clitoris
bechic anything which relieves or cures cough
beriberi a deficiency disease caused by imbalance of carbohydrateand vitamin B
104
blennorrhagia free discharge of mucus
bronchopathy any disease of the bronchi
bubo an rnflammatory swell ing of a lymph gland
cachexia depressed habit of mind
calculus a concretion formed in any part of the body usuall,compounds of salts of organic or inorganic acids
caletacient a remedy which gives rise to a sensation of warmth
calmative sedative
carbuncle an infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue byStaphylococcus aureus
caronoma a matrgnant epithelial tumour eventually becoming fatal
cardiodynia pain.in the region of the heart
cardiopalmus palpitation of the heart
cardiopathy a morbid condition of the heart
carmrnative drugcuringflatulence
cataplexy a conditron marked by abrupt attacks of muscularweakness
cataract opacity in the crystall ine lens of the eye which may bepantat or comptete
catarrh inflammation of a mucous membrane, usually associatedwith an increase in the amount of normal secretion ofmucus
cathadrc having the power of cleansjng the bowels - purgative
cephalalgia headache
cephalic a remedy lor disorders of the head
cephalopathy any disease of the head
cerebropathy any disorder of the brain
cholagogue a drug which causes increased iow of bile into theIntestine
405
cholera a severe infectious epidemic disease due lo Vibrio choleme
cirrhosis a general term meaning progressive fibrous tissue
overgrowth in an organ
colic a severe spasmodic griping pa'n
colit is inflammation ot lhe colon
collyrium an eye-salve or eye-wash
colonalgia Pain in the colon
colonitis inflammation of the colon
colonorrhagia haemorrhage from the colon
colonorrhea a mucous discharge from the colon
colpit is inflammation oi the vagina
colpoptosis prolapse of the vaglna
colporrhagia haemorrhage from the vagina
coma the state of complete loss of consciousness
conjunctivit is inflammationoftheconiunctlva
consumption pulmonary tuberculosls
contraceptive any agent or device used to prevent conception
convulsion a violent involuntary contraction of the skeletal musculature
corn a small circ,lmscribed painful horny growth
coxalgia Pain in the hip
coxitis inJlammation ot the hip joinl
croup any condition caused by respiratory obstruction
cystalgia pain in the urinary bladder
cystitis inflammation of a bladder' especially the urinary bladder
cystodynia cystalgra
cystorrhea mucous discharge from the bladder
406
dandruff dead scarf-skin separating in small scales and entangled in
the hair
demulcent soolnlng
dental caries decay of teeth
dentalgia toothache
dentifrice any l iquid, paste or powder used for cleansing the teeth
deobstruent relievingorremovingobstruction
deodorant removing the odour
depurative an agent that purif ies blood
dermatopathy any skin disorder
dermatophytosis a superficial infection ol the skin caused by a fungus
desiccating depriving of moisture
diaphoresis sweatlng
diaphoretic a drug which induces perspiration
diphtheria a specific infectious disease caused by virulent strains ot a
bacil lus
disinfectant havlng a lethal efJect upcn germs
diuretic promoting the flow ol urine
dizziness any sensation of imbalance of a stable relationship with the
immediate envlronment
dropsy an excessive accumulation of clear or watery fluid in any or
the tissues or cavities of the bodY
dysmenorrhoea diffrcultorpainfulmenstruation
dysopia defective vlsron
dyspnoea diff iculty in breathing
dyspepsia indigestron
dysphonia diif iculty or paln in speaKrng
dystocia diff icult Partu(tlon
107
dysuria diff iculty or pain while passing urine
eclampsia an attack of convulsion associated with hypertension inpregnancy
eczema a noncontagious inflammatory disease of the Skin withmuch itching and burning
elephantiasis gross lymphatic oedema of the l imbs leading tohypertroPhy
elixir a drug capable of prolonging l ife indefinitely
embrocate to morsten and rub
emetic causing vomiting
emmenagogue medicine intended to restore the menses
emollient softening
emphysema inflation, swell ing
empyema accumulation of pus in a body cavity
encephalit is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord due to infection
encephalopathy anydegenerativebraindisease
enuresis involuntary voiding of urine
epilepsy an atfection of the nervous system resulting from excesstveor disordered discharge of cerebral neurons
epistaxis bleeding from the nose
errhine an agent causing increased nasal discharge
erysipelas an inflammatory disease generally aftecting the facemarked by a bright redness of the skin
expectorant aiding the secretion of the mucous membrane of the atrpassages and the removal of f luid by spitt ing
febrifuge an),thing which reduces fever
fi lariasis inlection with fi larial nematode worms
tistula in ano an open channel from the anus or rectum to the skin nearthe anus
flatulence presence of excessive gas in the stomach or intestine
40tt
ltenzy violent temporary mentai derangement
galaclagogue medicine that promotes secreticn of milk
galactorrhea excessive or spontaneous flow of milk
gangrene necrosis and putrefaction of t issue due to lack of blood
suPPlY
gastralgia Pain in the stomach
gastrodynia gastralgia
gastroenteritis inflammation of the mucous coat of the stomach andintestine due to bacterial inJection
gastrohelcosis ulceration of the stomach
gastromegaly enlargement of the stomach
gastropathy any disease of the stomach
germicidal causingdestructionofmicro-organisms
qingivit is intlammation of the gingival margins around the teeth
accompanied by swell ing and bleeding
glaucoma a term signifying Increased intraocular pressure and its
consequences
gleet chronic discharge of thin mucus from the vagrna
glycosuria excrelion ol sugar in the urine
goitre enlargement of the thyroid gland
gonorrhoea an inflammatory disease of the genitourinary passages
characterised by pain and discharge
gout a disease of purine metabolism characterised by attacks of
arthritis with an associated raised level of serum uric acid
gripe a sharp Pain in the stomach
haematemesis vomiting of blood
haematuria the presence of blood in the urine
haemoptysis spitting of blood
haemorrhoid a bleeding Pile
409
haemostatic
ha l tos is
helminthiasis
hematorrhea
nemrcranta
hemiplegia
hepatit ls (viral)
hepatodynra
hepatomegaly
nepalopalny
neparosrs
neparargra
nernra
herpes
nyoragogue
nyorocere
hydrophobia
hyperadenosis
hyperdipsia
hyperdiuresis
hyperemesrs
hyperhidrosis
hyperorexra
hyperprax,a
4 1 0
sryprc
offensive odour of the breath
morbrd state due to infestation with worms
coprous naemorrnage
headache confined to one side
paralysis of one side of the body
inflammation of the l iver; jaundice
pain in the l iver
enlargement of the l iver
any disease of the l iver
downward displacement of the l iver
pain in the l iver
the protrusion of an internal organ through a defect in thewall of the anatomical cavity in which it l ies
intlammation of the skin or mucous membrane withclusters of deep seated vesicles
promoting expulsion of water or serum
a circumscribed collection of f luid in the tunjca vaginalistestis
exaggerated fear of water as in rabies
proliferation of glandular t issue
intense thirst of relalively brief duration
excessive secrelion of urine
excessive vomiting
excessrve persprratron
exceSsive appetite
abnormal activity; restlessness
it
It
iiI
hypertension high arterial blood pressure
hyperthermia a very high body temperature
hypochondriasis a state ol mind in which the sufferer is much preoccupiedwith his health
hypotension a {all in blood pressure below the normal level
hypothermia greatlydecreasedtemperature
hysteria a neurotic disorder wrth varying symptoms
impetigo an inflammation of lhe skin associated with discretevesicles due to streptococcal infection
impotence inability to perlorm the sexual act due to failure of the reflexmecnanrsm
insecticide any agent which kil ls or destroys insects
insanity mental disease of a grave kind
insomnia the condition of being unable to sleep
intoxication general condition which results following the absorptionand diffusion in the body of a soluble poison
lactifuge retarding or causing cessation of the secretion ot milk
laryngitis inflammation of the larynx
laxative having the action of loosening the bowel
lentigo a brownish or yellowish spot found on the skin, most oftenon the hands, arms or face often caused by exposure tosunlrght
leucoderma any white area on the skin
leucorrhoea an abnormal mucous discharge from the vagina
leukaemia blood cancer
lithiasis the lormation of calculus ol any kind
linthontriptic an agent that effects the dissolution of a calculus
lumbago pain in mid or lower back
malignant threatening l ife or tending to cause death
411
mammill it is intlammation ol the nipple
maturate to bring to maturlty
melalgia Pain in the l imbs
melancholia a mental i l lness in which the predominant symptom ismelancholy, depression ol spirits, unhappiness and misery
menolipsis temporarycessationofmenstruation
menorrhagia excesiveorprolongedmenstruation
menostasis amenorrhoea
metropathy any uterine disease
metroptosis prolapse of the uterus
metrorrhagia uterine bleeding, usuaily ot normal amount occurrrng atcompletely irregular intervals, the period of flow sometimesbeing Prolonged
metrorrhea abnormal uterine discharge
micturition the ac'l of passing urlne
migraine a periodic condition with localised headaches, frequentlyassociated with vomiting and sensory dislurbances
morbid belonging or relating to disease
mumps epidemic parotitis' an acute infectious disease caused by a
virus
myalgia muscular Pain
mydriasis dilatation of the Pupil
mydrialic a drug that dilates the pupil
myringitis inllammation of the tympanic membrane
narcotic a drug that induces sleep
nasitis inflammation of the nose
nauseanl an agent that causes nausea
nephralgia Pain in the kidney
412
nephrit is inflammation of the kidneys
nephrolithiasis presence of renal calcull
nephropathy disease of the kidneys
neuralgia a painful affection of the nerves due to functionaldisturbances or neurit is
neurasthenia nervous debrlity
notalgia pain in the back
nyctalopia night blindness
obesity an excessive accumulation of fat in the body
odontalgia toothache
odontopathy any disease ot the teelh
oleaginous oily, greasy
opacrty an opaque or non-Iransparenl area
ophthalmia a term usually applied to conjunctivit is
opthalmitis inflammation of the eye ball
cphthalmodynia pain in the eye
ophthalmopathy any disease of the eye
orchialgia pain in the testis
orchrooathy any drsorder of the testis
orchitis inflammation of the testjs characterised by hypertrophyand Pain
ostalgia pain in the bones
osteomalacia softening ot the bones, resulting from vitamin D deticiency
^ f , l d i . ^ . ' n ' ^ t h a a a r
otopathy any disease ol the ear
otopyorrhea purulent discharge from the ear
pancreatit is inflammation of the pancreas
413
paraplegia stroke affecting one side
parkinsonism Parkinson's disease - a disease characterised by rigidity olmuscles and tremor oI the hands
pectoral effective in diseases of the chest
pectoralgia Pain in the chest
pertussis whooping cough
pharyngitis intlammation of the mucous membrane and underlyingpart of the Pharynx
pharyngodynia pain in the Pharynx
pharyngopathy any disease of the pharynx
phthisis any wasting disease in which the whole body or part of thebody is involved
pneumonia a general disease in which the essential lesion is aninllammation ol the spongy tissue of the lung withconsolidation of the alveolar exudale
pneumonitis inflammation of lung tissue
pneumonopathy any disease oJ the lungs
pneumonosis any lung disorder
pneumorrhagia aseverehaemoptysis
poliomyelitis an acute intlammation ot the anterior horn cells ol thespinal cord due to an enterovirus inJection
poultice a soft mush prepared by various substances with oily orwatery fluids
procreant the drug which begets
proctalgia Pain in the rectum
proctitis intlammation of the rectum
proctoptosis prolapse of the rectum
prophylactic pertaining to the prevention of the development of adlsease
prurigo an eruption of the skin causing severe itching
41,4
pruritus
psonasls
psoriasis Plantaris
psychoPathY
ptyalrsm
pyrexia
pyorrhoea
rachralgra
radiculalgia
radiculit is
ramttrs
reclargra
rectitrs
refrigerant
renal calcull
renopathy
resolvenr
restorative
resuscllallve
retrnitrs
revulslve
rheumarthrit is
rheumatalgla
rhinalgra
rhinrtis
itchrng
a condition characterised by the eruption of circumscribed
discrete and conlluent reddish' silvery scaled lesions
psoriasis ol the sole
any disease ol the mlnd
excessive secretion of saliva
a condition characterised by the presence ol pus
a discharge ol PUS
pain in the vertebral column
neuralgia of the nerve roots
inflammation of spinal nerve roots
inflammation of a nerve root
proctalgia
Proctitrs
coolrng
calculi relating to kidneY
any disease of the kidney
causing resolution of a tumour or swell ing
having the power to restore or renew health
the act ot restoring to life
inflammation of the retina
causing revulsion in drawing away of blood fron' a
pathological area to anolner area
rheumatoid arthrit is
rheumatic Pain
pain in the nose
inflammation of lhe nasal mucous membrane
4 1 5
rhinodynia pajn in the nose
rhinopathy any disease of the nose
rhinorrhagia copious haemorrhage from the nose
rickels a disturbance of the calcium/phosphorus metabolismwhich occurs in lhe growing child as a result of vitamin Ddeficiency
roborant a strengthening agent
sarcocele tleshy swell ing or tumour of the testis
scabies sarcoptic infeslation of the human skin particularly acontagious skin disease caused by invasion of theePidermis
scald the lesion caused by contact with a hot l iquid or vapour
scalding of urine severe burning sensation during micturit ion
sclerit is inflammation ol the sclera
scrofula tuberculous cervical adenitis with or without ulceration
scurvy a deficiency disease due to lack of Vitamin C
sialogogue an agent that increases the flow of saliva
sinovii is inllammation of the synovial membrane of a joint
sinusitis inllammation affecting the mural epithelium ot a sinus
somatalgia body Pain
somnifacient causing sleep
somnolence sleepiness
soporif ic inducing sleep
spanomenorrhea scanlymenstruation
splenalgia pain in the spleen
splenitis inflammation of the spleen
splenohepato- enlargement of spleen and livermegalY
416
splenomegaly enlargement ot the spleen
sprenopathy any disease of the spleen
stomachalgia pain in the sromacn
Stomatalgia pain jn the mourn
stomatrtjs generalised inflammation ot the oral mucosa
stomatopathy any disorder of the mouth
stomatorrhagia haemorrhage from the mouth
sryptrc having the power to arrest bleeding
suppurattve pus forming
syphil js a contagious venereal disease
reranus an infective disease due to the toxins of Clostridium tetani
thermoplegia sun stroke
tonsil it is inflammation of the tonsil
toxaemia the condition of general poisoning caused by the enrranceof soluble bacterial toxins into the blood
trauma a pathological alteration of the supporting tissu€s ol atooth due to abnormal occlusion
trichogenous stimulating the growth of hair
ulemorrhagia bleeding from the gums
utttts inflammation of the gums
ulocace ulceratjon of the gums
urorrnagra free haemorrhage from the gums
urorrnea bleeding from the gums
urelcosis ulceration of the urinary tract
ureteralgia pain In the ureter
Llretentts lnflammation of the ureter
urethntrs inllammation of the urethra
417
urethrorrhagra
urethrorrhea
urocyst
urocystit is
urodynra
uro-oedema
urolithiasis
uropathy
urorrhagra
urorrhea
uroschesrs
urtrcana
ulerargra
uteritis
vagini't is
vaginodynia
vagrnoparny
vermituge
vermrnosls
vertigo
vestcal
vrscerome9aly
wart
flow of blood from the urethra
abnormal drscharge from the urethra
the urinary bladder
inflammation of the urinary bladder
pain on urination
oedema due to infi l lration of urine
urinary calculi
any disease ot the urinary tract
excessive secrelion of urine
involuntary flow of urine
retention of urine
nettle rash
pain in the uterus
in{lammation of the uterus
inflammation of the vagina
pain in the vagina
any disease of the vagina
a drug that expels worms
helminthiasis
dizziness
referring to the urinary bladder
abnormal enlargement of the viscera
a circumscribed cutaneous excrescence
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