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Indian honours systemFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The Indian honour system is primarily recognised by Indian Central Government. The most recognised are

Padma awards which arePadma Shri,Padma Bhushan,Padma VibhushanandBharat Ratnawith increasing

order of merit. They are awarded every year. However, the most coveted and highest civilian awardBharat

Ratnamay not necessarily be awarded every year. The Padma awards are civilian awards for a broad set of

achievements in fields such as Education, Arts, Civil Service, or Social Service. Awards were also bestowed

posthumously and they are also given for foreign citizens.

Contents

[hide]

1 Republic of India

o 1.1 Padma awards

o 1.2 National Sports Awards

o 1.3 Vir Chakra Valour awards

o 1.4 Peacetime gallantry awards

2 See also

3 References

4 External links

Republic of India[edit]

There was no honours system until 1954, when the following awards were instituted:

Padma awards[edit]

Bharat Ratna[1]Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian Award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954.

Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible for these awards. It is

awarded in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order in any field of human

endeavour. The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister himself to the

President. No formal recommendations for this are necessary. The number of annual awards is restricted

to a maximum of three in a particular year. On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad

(certificate) signed by the President and a medallion. The Award does not carry any monetary grant.

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Padma Awards[2]

Padma Awards were instituted in the year 1954. Except for brief interruption(s) during the years 1978 and

1979 and 1993 to 1997, these awards have been announced every year on Republic Day.

The award is given in three categories, namely, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri.

Padma Shri is awarded for distinguished service; Padma Bhushan for distinguished service of a high order;

and Padma Vibhushan for exceptional and distinguished service.

The award seeks to recognise work of any distinction and is given for distinguished and exceptional

achievements/service in all fields of activities/disciplines, such as Art, Literature and Education, Sports,

Medicine,Social Work, Science and Engineering, Public Affairs, Civil Service, Trade and Industry etc.

All persons without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards.

The award is normally not conferred posthumously. However, in highly deserving cases, the Government

could consider giving an award posthumously if the demise of the person proposed to be honoured has been

recent, say within a period of one year preceding the Republic Day on which it is proposed to announce the

award.

A higher category of Padma award can be conferred on a person only where a period of at least five years

has elapsed since conferment of the earlier Padma award. However, in highly deserving cases, a relaxation

can be made by the Awards Committee.

It is the usual practice is to invite recommendations every year from all State/UT Governments,

Ministries/Departments of the Government of India, Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan awardees and

Institutes of Excellence by 1 October. Recommendations received from them and also from other sources like

Ministers, Chief Ministers/Governors of State, Members of Parliament, as also private individuals, bodies etc.,

are placed before the Padma Awards Committee. The Awards Committee is constituted by the Prime Minister

every year.

The recommendations made by the Awards Committee are submitted to the Prime Minister and the President

for their approval. No award is conferred except on the recommendation of the Awards Committee.

The total number of awards to be given in a year (excluding posthumous awards and to foreigners) should not

be more than 120.

The names of the awardwinnersare published in the Gazette of India. The President may cancel and annul

the award of the decoration to any person.

The Awards are announced on 26 January every year and are presented by the President of India in an

Awards presentation Ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan. The ceremony is generally held in the month of

March/April.

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The decoration comprises a Sanad (Certificate) issued under the hand and seal of the President and a

Medallion. A commemorative brochure giving out brief details in respect of each award winner is also released

on the day of the investiture ceremony.

The recipients are also given a replica of the medallion, which they can wear during any ceremonial/State

functions etc., if they so desire.

The award does not amount to a title and cannot be used as a suffix or prefix to the award winners name on

letterheads, invitation cards, posters, books etc. In the case of any misuse, the defaulter will forfeit the award.

No cash allowance or any facility/benefit in terms of concession etc. in rail/air travel is attached to these

awards.

Padma Vibhushan Second degree honour.

Padma Bhushan Third degree honour.

Padma Shri Fourth degree honour.

National Sports Awards[edit]

Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna-Indias highest honour given for achievement in sports.

Arjuna Award Recognises outstanding achievement in National sports.

Dronacharya award- an award presented by the government of India for excellence in sports coaching.

Dhyan Chand Award- India's highest award for lifetime achievement in sports and games. The award is

named after the legendary Indian hockey playerDhyan Chand.

Vir Chakra Valour awards[edit]

Param Vir Chakra Highest military award for valour, equivalent to theVictoria Cross(which was

replaced once India gained its independence).

Maha Vir Chakra- The Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) is the second highest military decoration in India and is

awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the

air.

Vir Chakra-It is third in precedence in the war time gallantry

Peacetime gallantry awards[edit]

Ashok Chakra Award- an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice

away from the battlefield. It is the peace time equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra.

Kirti Chakra-It is second in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards.

Shaurya Chakra-It happens to be third in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards and comes

after the Ashoka Chakra and the Kirti Chakra.

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