India: 562 Princely states

TRIBUTE

J L Nehru &M K Gandhi, V B Patel M A K Azad(Harrow/Trinity/Inner Temple), (Middle Temple; iron man), self taught poet… (Inner Temple)

FIRST: SOME NITTY GRITTYSTUFF

RENUNCIATIONTRUTH..PEACEFUL

DYNAMISMEARTH/NATURE

SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

1947 (8/15): A dominion under the British Commonwealth. 1950: (1/26) declared as REPUBLICIndian Constitution: British and US BLEND ??•Federal: Legislative Powers Shared bet. Council of the Parliament of the Union--President, House of the People (Lok Sabha), Council of States (Rajya Sabha)•States: elected legislative assemblies (CM & CABINET). Governor –APPOINTED

SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

Lok Sabha Elections (552 max.)(</=5 yr., 543 (upto 131 SC+ST reserved, upto 20 UnTer), + upto 2 Anglo-Indian appointed if??? )•Majority/coalition (>=50%) forms gov’t:•Council of Ministers (PM head)--advises the•President, who “exercises” his function accordingly. Real power : Coun. of Mnstr—PM head.

The President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of— (a) the elected members of both Houses of Parliament (b) the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States

SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENTCouncil of States, President

Rajya Sabha (238 members + 12) 6 yr. term1/3 rotated every 2 yrs.•12 Pres. Appoint. (art, lit., science, social services)•238 elected by Assemblies of state and U Terr..

SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

• All legislation approved by LS & RS, except financ…

• RS = LS : Const. amendments; quorum 2/3 of membership present, majority vote

• RS=S : Impeach the President (2/3 members)• RS=LS : Impeach. Supr Crt J and State Court J,

quorum 2/3 membership, majority carries• RS= LS : 2/3 majority declare war, national

emerg.; simple majority to declare const. emerg. in a state.

• LS can be dissolved, NOT RS

DEMOCRACY with a DIFFERENCE

INDIA USA

POPULA… ‘13 1.27B [51/ min 316 M

Area 3,287,590 km2 9,372,610 km2

Voters 814 million ~130 millionNo. of Parties 6 National

54 State 1563 unrecog.

2

GDP ‘12 1.86 Tr (10th) 16.24 Tr (1st)

DEMOCRACY with a DIFFERENCE

INDIA USADemogr. Div… 0-25 (50%) 0-18 (23.5%)Male/female 1000/940 49/51Below Inter. poverty line (<$1.25/day) (2013)

22% ?????76% need food subsidy

~ 14.9%

LITERACY 12% (1947), 74% (‘11)Largest illit. population

86 %

LANGUAGES 22 (OFF), 398 (living) Northern, Southern, …

Religions in India (2001) Hinduism (80.3%); Islam (13.0%);

Christianity (2.9%);Sikhism (1.6%); Buddhism (1.5%)

Jainism (0.5%); Other (0.6%)

DEMOCRACY with a DIFFERENCE

• Aboriginal of India (ADIVASI): S. Tribes---I V C• Untouchables—DALITS [SC]

BJP AAP INC

INDIAN DEMOCRACY: Complexities

SOME BORING FACTS

28 STATES6UN TER

1 NCT-Delhi

SOME BORING FACTS

ELECTION PROCESS

• A polling booth for <1500 voters, voter travel < 2km

• Electronic voting backed by paper…

• ECI & UNDP…50 foreign delegate, 20 countries, observing the election process

3.26 M used in the election

LS ELECTIONS

THE ELECTION PROCESS:FRAUD CONTROL

LS ELECTIONS

THE DRAMA: THE ELECTION PROCESS

DRAMA: PARTIES CONTESTING

PRE-ELECTION DRAMA: PERSONALITIES

Trinity College, Cambridge (1994–1995), Rollins College (1991–1994), Harvard University (1990–1991), St. Stephen's College, Delhi (1989–1990), The Doon School (1981–1983)

ARVIND KEJRIWAL (45)

• IIT Kharagpur, TATA steel, Civ. Serv. Exam.• Ind RS as a Jt. Commis. in Income Tax Dept.• Disgusted with corruption• Promoted enactment of Right T I act (reply in 30

days) • A CRUSADER AGAINST CORRUPTION• 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award, (biography) FOR

GRASS ROOT MOVEMENT ACTIVITY• and drafting of Citizen's Ombudsman Bill (anti

corruption measure, protection of whistle-blowers…) for Delhi…

ARVIND KEJRIWAL (45)

• 2012 launched AAP, 2013 CM of Delhi, • Citizen's Ombudsman Bill (anti corruption

measure, protection of whistle-blowers…) for Delhi…49 days…

• Over reach in 2014 election• FIELDED 432 candidates, won 4 seats• LOST TO MODI IN VARANASI• Future?

NARENDRA MODI (63)

NARENDRA MODI (63)

THE DRAMA: ISSUES

THE DRAMA: DID PEOPLE CARE?

ELECTION RESULTS

NDA(BJP) UPA(INC) (AIADMK) REST336(282) 58(44) (37) 104

PRIME MINISTER

HEADLINESMay 16th, NYT

Old Order in India Swept Aside by

Hindu Party Landslide

With Narendra Modi, a Change in India

NARENDRA MODI (63)

THE MUSLIM FEAR

“Fear is a basic part of politics, and it’s actually

how politicians gain respect, but for us fear also

comes from the general public,” -- Zahir Alam,

imam of Bari Masjid, Delhi

WHAT DID IT MEAN?

QUO VADIS: FEARS (RUSHDIE)

QUO VADIS: FEARS (RUSHDIE)

QUO VADIS: ADVICE

SPECULATIONS:IS MR. MODI

SPECULATIONS:IS MR. MODI

SPECULATIONS:IS MR. MODI

SPECULATIONS:IS MR. MODI

SPECULATIONS:IS MR. MODI

SPECULATIONS:IS MR. MODI

SPECULATIONS:IS MR. MODI

1950• The new

Constitution of India, which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States".[2] The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states:

• Part A states, which were the former governors' provinces of British India, were ruled by an elected governor and state legislature. The nine Part A states were Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Madhya Pradesh (formerly Central Provinces and Berar), Madras, Orissa (subsequently renamed Odisha in 2011), Punjab (formerly East Punjab), Uttar Pradesh (formerly the United Provinces), and West Bengal.

• The eight Part B states were former princely states or groups of princely states, governed by a rajpramukh, who was usually the ruler of a constituent state, and an elected legislature. The rajpramukh was appointed by the President of India. The Part B states were Hyderabad, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Bharat, Mysore, Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), Rajasthan, Saurashtra, and Travancore-Cochin.

• The ten Part C states included both the former chief commissioners' provinces and some princely states, and each was governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the President of India. The Part C states were Ajmer, Bhopal, Bilaspur, Coorg, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Kutch, Manipur, Tripura, and Vindhya Pradesh.

• The sole Part D state was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the central government.

1956• Andhra Pradesh: Andhra State was merged with the Telugu-speaking area of Hyderabad state(also known as

Telangana) to create Andhra Pradesh in 1956.• Assam: No change of boundary in 1956.• Bihar: reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal.• Bombay State: the state was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra and Kutch, the Marathi-speaking districts of

Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh, and the Marathi speaking Marathwada region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost districts of Bombay were transferred to Mysore State. (In 1960, Bombay State was split into Maharashtra and Gujarat.)

• Jammu and Kashmir: No change of boundary in 1956.• Kerala: formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with the Malabar district of Madras State, Kasaragod of South Canara (

Dakshina Kannada). The southern part of Travancore-Cochin, Kanyakumari district was transferred to Madras State.• Madhya Pradesh: Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal State were merged into Madhya Pradesh; the Marathi-speaking districts of

Nagpur Division were transferred to Bombay State.• Madras State: Malabar District was transferred to the new state of Kerala, and a new union territory,

Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands, was created. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin (Kanyakumari district) was added to the state. (The state was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968.)

• Mysore State: enlarged by the addition of Coorg State and the Kannada speaking districts from southern Bombay state and western Hyderabad state. (The state was renamed Karnataka in 1973.)

• Orissa: No change of boundary in 1956.• Punjab: enlarged by addition of the Patiala and East Punjab States Union.• Rajasthan: enlarged by the addition of Ajmer state and parts of Bombay and Madhya Bharat states.• Uttar Pradesh: No change of boundary in 1956.• West Bengal: enlarged by addition of minor territory previously forming part of Bihar.• Union territories[edit]• Himachal Pradesh• Andaman and Nicobar Islands• Delhi• Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands: created from territory detached from Madras State. (The union territory was renamed as Lakshadweep in

1973.)• Manipur• Tripura

Michael Wood: SoI, The Biginnings

c. 70,000–50,000 BCE: First humans migrate to India

c. 3300-1600 BCE: Harappa arises in the Indus Valley Civilization

c. 2000–1500 BCE: Migrations of Indo-European Speakers into India

c. 1800 BCE: Climate change began to affect Indus Valley Civilizations

c. 1500–500 BCE: Vedic Period (Bronze Age - Iron Age in north India)

c. 1500–1000 BCE: Earliest hymns of Rig-Veda composed

c. 1000–300 BCE: Iron Age culture in South India c. 599–527 BCE:

Mahavira

c. 563–486 BCE: Prince Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

518 BCE: Darius of Persia conquers Indus Valley

MARKERS OF HISTORYAJANTA, 2nd/3rd BCE

MARKERS OF HISTORY