Indian Astronomy in Vedic Times
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Transcript of Indian Astronomy in Vedic Times
7/23/2019 Indian Astronomy in Vedic Times
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Mstr`j`gy fj Tlkfo [fgls
.Fjkfmj Mstr`j`gy Eld`rl O`gg`j Lrm&
U*J*Fyljbmr Cmfj \jfvlrsfty( Emjbmh`rl
.UJ*FyljbmrAcmfjujfvlrsfty*mo*fj&
R`risn`p `j
Qr`g`tfjb Nfst`ry `d _ofljol fj Fjkfm
FF[ Bmjknfjmbmr =4tn Gmron 51=?
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Mstr`j`gy fs wfklhy ij`wj
Eut wnmt fs Tlkfo [fgls-
HMBMKNM‖_ TLKMJBM CV@[F_NM GLJ[F@J_ [NM[ [NL
RFJ[LU _@H_[FOL
_[MU[_ RNLJ _\J F_ M[ [NL _[MU[ @D KNMJF_N[NMJMI_NM[UM
TMUMNM GFNFUM GLJ[F@J_ [NM[ K\UFJB NF_ [FGL
\[[MUMVMJM _[MU[LK RF[N _\J M[ ¸ @D
\[[MUM_NMKNM E\[ FJ MJOFLJ[ [FGL_ .`d Qmrmsnmrm&
R*_* RM_ M[ [NL _[MU[ @D KNMJF_N[NM
TMUMNM GFNFUM HFTLK K\UFJB <1<'<61 MK*
NLJOL [NL KM[L @D TLKMJBM CV@[F_NM
OMJ EL _N@RJ [@ EL
=511'=?21 EOL[NF_ R@\HK MH_@ EL [NL KM[L @D QMUM_NMUM
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NLUL F[ F_ _MFK [NM[ RFJ[LU _[MU[LK RNLJ _\J RM_ M[
[NL GFK'Q@FJ[ @D KNMJF_N[NM* [NF_ RM_ Q@__FEHL K\UFJB
=411'=>11 EO
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LMU[N G@[F@J ' QULOL__F@J @D [NL L]\FJ@^L_*gplb
nttps3//www*y`utuel*o`g/wmton0v7N@QzjUUfR@b
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QUL_LJ[
KMV
KNU\TM
5111 OL
MJOFLJ[KNU\TM fj
?111 EOL
Kul t`
prlolssf`j `d
lqufj`x tnl
emoibr`ujk
stmrs sllg t`snfdt* [nlrl
wms j` vfsfehl
dfxlk erfbnt
Q`hlstmr
.Knruvm&
kurfjb
'=<11 t` )<11
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4
_fkknmjtfo Gmtnlgmtfomh Mstr`j`gy k`ls j`t rlo`bjfzl „Knruvm‖ ms m vfsfehl stmr
dfxlk mt tnl J`rtn Olhlstfmh p`hl*
Eut EUMNGMJKM( TF_NJ\ $ @[NLU Q\UMJM_ klsorfel Knruvm ms m vfsfehl stmr
mt tnl ljk `d m o`jstlhhmtf`j wftn =; stmrs ij`wj ms _nfsnugmrm tnmt fs mj mjfgmh
dfburl hfil Bnmrfmh/Q`rp`fsl/Rnmhl
[nl o`ggljtmt`r `j T*Q* stmtls tnmt tnfs _nfsnugmrm fs ms plr tnl Tlkms*
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2
@fh Gf
G`kl
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[nl g`vlgljt `d suj mjk `tnlr olhlstfmh e`kfls fs lxphmfjlk ms fjkuolk
dr`g Knruvm( wn` rlsfkls mt tnl tmfh `d tnl œ f řugčrm*
Hfil tnl hugp `d ohmy fj tnl gfkkhl `d tnl p`ttlr‖s wnllh g`vls sh`why sfttfjb mt
tnl jmvlh( Knruvm r`tmtls* Knruvm g`vls fj ofrohls kmy mjk jfbnt o`jsfstfjb `d
?1 gunũrtms fj tnl gfkkhl `d tnl tw` kfrlotf`js .j`rtn mjk s`utn&* Hfil tnl jmvl`d tnl p`ttlr‖s wnllh stmys fj tnl smgl phmol( s` mhs` Knruvm sn`uhk el ij`wj
t` el r`tmtfjb tnlrl ftslhd*
.On 5=*v 6;( 6<(64&
Hfstlj t` tnfs .lxphmjmtf`j `d gfjl& wnfon fs rlmh mjk `eslrvmehl eut gystfdyfjb
pl`phl* Nl( wn` fs mt tnl tmfh `d tnl .o`jstlhhmtf`j& h``ifjb hfil m řf řugčrm9
Knruvm tnl s`j `d \tt čjmpčkm( nms elo`gl tnl gmfj pfv`t `d tnl p`hl fj tnl
siy* Tlrfhy( nl r`tmtls tnl suj( tnl g``j mjk tnl phmjlts o`jtfju`ushy* [nl
stmrs d`hh`w nfg wn` fs nfgslhd g`vfjb hfil m wnllh* .On 55*v<( 4(2&
œf řugčrm glmjs Rnmhl ̀ r K`hpnfj `r Bnmrfmh
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6
FJ MJ@[NLU QHMOL KNU\TM F_ O@GMQULK [@ [NL QFT@[ @D [NL
OLJ[UMH Q@HL @D [NL [UMKF[F@JMH @FH QUL__ .[MFHM'QFKM'
ONMIUMTM[&* [NL MJ@H@BV F_ [NM[ [NL QHMJL[_ MUL KUFTLJ HFIL
E\HH@OI_ EV KNU\TM RN@ _QFJ_ M[ [NL OLJ[UL [NU@\BN
FJTF_FEHL HFBN[ UMV_* [NF_ QUL_\QQ@_L_ [NL „TM[MUMCC\‖ @U MFU
_[UFJB_ $ „QUMTMNM‖ @D HM[LU _FKKNMJ[M M_[U@J@GV* [NLO@JOLQ[ @D @EHF]\F[V F_ FGQHFLK FJ [NF_ G@KLH*
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Jmgls `d tnl
=; stmrs `d tnl_nfsnugmrm
o`jstlhhmtf`j
mjk tnl
o`rrlsp`jkfjb
e`ky pmrts
gmifjb up tnl
mjfgmh dfburl
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==
Fj tnfs dmsnf`j mhh tnl olhlstfmh e`kfls g`vl elfjb e`ujk t` Knruvm* Fj tnl siy nl
fs .fj& tnl stmrry œ f řugčrm* [nfs œ f řugčrm sn`uhk el ij`wj ey fts snmpl mjk
kfvfsf`js*
utt čjmpčkmstmsy čtnm vfcýlymn s`ttmr č nmjun |ymcý`knmrmstu vfcýly` knmrg` gũrknčjmgčřrftmn ||
nr kf jčr čymj mn sčkny` mřvfj`u pũrvm pčkmy`n |vmruj mřomrymgčomfvm pmřofgl tmsym smitnfjĩ ||řf řjmg smgvmtsmrmstmsym gftrmřompčjmgčsrftmn |
puoonl mbjf řomgmnljkrmřom gčr ĩ omn imřymp` knruvmn ||t črmi čn řfsugčrmsym jčstmg y čtf omtuřt mymg ||
mbjĩ jkrm imřympčjmg t` omrmg`‖smu knruvmn sgr tmn ||.On 5? v*=15'=12&
Nfs . œf řugčrm‖s& upplr cmw sn`uhk el ujklrst``k ms \tt čjmpčkm*
Vmcým .Irmtu& fs ij`wj ms tnl h`wlr cmw mjk Knmrgm ms tnl nlmk* Mt tnl nlmrt fs J čr čymj m ._čknym&* [nl twfj Mřvfjs `ooupy tnl
d`rl hlbs wnfhl Tmrujm mjk Mrymgč mrl mt tnl nfjk hlbs*
_mgvmtsmrm fs tnl bljftmh mjk Gftrm `ooupfls tnl slmt* Fj tnl tmfh
mrl Mbjf( Gmnljkrm( G čr ĩ om'Imřympm mjk Knruvm* [nl .prlvf`us&
d`ur stmrs `d tnl œf řugčrm jlvlr slt* Knruvm fs rlglgelrlk ms
tnl hmst ̀ jl mdtlr M jf Fjkrm mjk Imř m m*
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_NF_N\
GMUM
=; _[MU_
JMGLK @J[NL DFB\U
Qurmjm Jmgls3
=*Knmrgm3 Nlmk
5*\ttmjmpmkm3 \pplr
Cmw
?*Irmtu3 H`wlr Cmw
;*Jmrmymjm3 Nlmrt
<*_mgvmtsmrm3
Bljftmh
4'2 Msnvfjs3
D`rlhlbs
>'6* Mrymgm'Tmrujm3
Nfjk hlbs
=1*Gftrm3 _lmt
==*Mbjf3 [mfh'=
=5*Fjkrm3 [mfh oljtrl
=?*Imsnympm3 [mfh'?
=;*Knruvm3 [mfh ljk*
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MENMVM7
KNU\TM
M[ [NL
LJK
OLHL_[FMH
MJFGMH DFB\UL
GLKF[M[F@J @J
[NL
O@J_[LHHM[F@J
FJ [NL LTLJFJB
F_ LJC@FJLK EV
[NL TLKFO [L^[
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=;
.[mf* Mrmjymim `d Vmcurvlkm FF*=6*=&
…*knmrg` gũrknčjmg ermng`ttmr čnmjun ymcý`‖knmr čvfs j urnr kmymg smgvmtnsmrmn prmcmjmjmg mřvfjmu
pũrvmpčk čvmtrfrgmknymg gftr čvmruj mvmpmrmpmkmu mbjfn puoonmsym prmtnmgmg i čj k mg tmtm fjkrmstmtn prmc č pmtfrmenmymg
omturtnmg sm v č ls m kfvymřřčivmrmř' řf řugčrmn ……*knruvmstvmgmsf knruvmsym is ftmgmsf tvmg
enũt čjčgmknfpmtfrmsf tvmg enũt čjčgřrls t n`‖sf tv čg
enũt čjyupmpmry čvmrtmjtl……řf řuiugčr čym jmgmn ||
…*Knmrgm fs tnl nlmk ( Ermngm fs tnl upplr cmw ( Vmcým fs tnl
h`wlr cmw( Tfs j u fs tnl nlmrt ( _mgvmtsmrm fs tnl bljftmh ( Mřvfjs
mrl tnl d`rl hlbs( Mtrf fs tnl oljtlr ( Gftrm mjk Tmruj m mrl tnl nfjkhlbs* Mbjf fs tnl dfrst stlg `d tnl tmfh ( tnlj Fjkrm( tnlj Qrmc č pmtf
mjk Menmymg fs tnl d`urtn* [nfs fs tnl snfjfjb olhlstfmh
œ f řugčrm……*V`u mrl Knruvm( y`u mrl tnl phmol `d
Knruvm……V`u mrl tnl H`rk `d tnl Elfjbs .Enũt čn &9 y`u mrl tnl
elst mg`jb tnlg* Elfjbs b` mr`ujk y`u ……
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=<
Fj mj`tnlr Tlkfo mooljtlk tlxt Li čbjf'i čj k m mhs`
elh`jbfjb t` tnl Ir s j m'ymcurvlkm( nygjs `d tnl
gmrrfmbl rftumh mrl bfvlj* [nl nygj d`r `eslrvfjb mjk
mkkrlssfjb Knruvm fs
knruvmis ftfn knruvmy`jfn knruvmgmsf
knruvmtmstnftmg | tvmg jmis mtr čj čg gltnymsf sm
gčg pčnf pr tmjymtmn || .F*6&
Nlrl tnl qumhfty `d Knruvm ms m stmr fs smfk t` el dfxlk*
Knruvm fs prmfslk ms tnl gltnf `r tnl dfxlk o`hugj t`wnfon tnl jmis mtrms mrl e`ujk* [nl o`ggljtmt`r
Nmrmkmttm lxphmfjs tnl w`rk gltnf ms inmhlv čhf ( m tnfoi
w``klj plb dfxlk fj tnl br`ujk( t` wnfon mjfgmhs mrl
tflk s` tnmt tnly k` j`t strmy mwmy*
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J@U[NLUJ _IV _LLJ DU@G I\U\I_NL[UM MU@\JK ?<11 EO
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=2
O`jstlhhmtf`j Krmo`* _iy pfoturl wftn [nuemj ms tnl Q`hl _tmr .o 5>11 EO&
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=>
wl blt tnl kmtl `d ν'Krmo`jfs elfjb tnl Q`hl _tmr ms
?511'5;11 EOL* Fj tnfs h`jb plrf`k( tnl klohfjmtf`j `d
tnfs stmr vmrflk dr`g >21 <4‖ t` >21?4‖( rlmonfjb >61<?‖ fj
5>?1 EOL*
[nl jmgfjb `d tnl Tlkfo stmr Menmym .J`'dlmr& ms
Knruvm .Dfxlk( Olrtmfj& fj tnl œf řugčrm sn`uhk nmvl
nmppljlk kurfjb tnfs plrf`k( wnfon bfvls m er`mk
rlhmtfvl onr`j`h`by*
Ey =611 EOL tnl slpmrmtf`j `d Knruvm dr`g JOQ
fjorlmslk t` <1 mjk tnl ofrougp`hmr jmturl `d tnl stmr w`uhk nmvl ellj lvfkljt t` `eslrvlrs `d tnl jfbnt siy*
[nus( m o`jslrvmtfvl h`wlr lstfgmtl d`r tnl j`rtn stmr t`
nmvl moqufrlk tnl jmgl Knruvm w`uhk el o 5;11 EOL*
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=6
Gmftrmymjf Mrmjymim`d tnl Vmcurvlkm9
G`vlglj
`d Knruvm
Rl nmvl
sllj tnmt
tnfs tlxt
elh`jbs t`=>11 EOL
emslk `j
tnl wfjtlr
s`hstfol mt
gfkkhl'`d'
knmjfsntnm
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51
[nl klohfjmtf`j onmjblk t` jlmrhy >51 ey =<11 EOL mjk
tnl krfdt `d tnl stmr mwmy dr`g tnl JOQ sn`uhk nmvl
ellj bhmrfjbhy lvfkljt d`r `eslrvlrs fj Fjkfm*
Fj tnl Gmftr čymj ĩ .Gmftr ĩ & \pmjfs mt .F*;& `jl `d tnlfgp`rtmjt qulstf`j p`slk ey Ifjb Er nmkrmtnm t` _mbl
œčičymjym wms(
wny Knruvm krfdts( wny tnl mfr strfjbs n`hkfjb tnl
olhlstfmh e`kfls kfp 0
.ifg…**knruvmsym prmomhmjmg…v čtmrmcc ũjčgjfgmccmjmg&*
Fgphfomtf`j3 tnl J`rtn _tmr ujklrst``k ey us ms dfxlk nms
onmjblk fts p`sftf`j9 mj ujgfstmimehl rldlrljol t` tnl
lddlot `d prlolssf`j ms j`tlk ey Ifjb Er nmkrmtnm
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5=
KNU\TM F_ _\QQ@_LKHV DF^LK*
E\[ _NFD[FJB @D KNU\TM
F_ GLJ[F@JLK FJ _LTLUMH MJOFLJ[ [L^[_*
Gmnmenmrmtm
EM_LK @J [NL QHMJL[ Q@_F[F@J_ MJK LOHFQ_L_ GLJ[F@JLK FJ
GE [NL KM[L @D [NL GE OMJ EL DF^LK M_
=;6?'=;;? EO
NLJOL ‘KNU\TM ‘ RM_ J@[ M[ [NL J@U[N OLHL_[FMH Q@HL FJ
[NL ME@TL QLUF@K( NMTFJB _NFD[LK R*U*[ @[NLU ULDLULJOL
@ECLO[_
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55
Rnftjly wr`tl ‘…*mjy stmr j`t t`` kfstmjt dr`g tnl p`hl w`uhk nmvl
smtfsdflk e`tn tnl jlwhy wlkklk w`gmj mjk tnl lxnfeft`r9 tnlrl fs j`
jllk `d mssugfjb tnmt tnl oust`g fs `jl nmjklk k`wj dr`g tnl rlg`tl
plrf`k wnlj ν'Krmo`jfs wms rlmhhy vlry oh`sl t` tnl p`hl( mor`ss mj
fjtlrvmh `d tw` ̀ r tnrll tn`usmjk ylmrs kurfjb wnfon tnlrl fs j` gljtf`j
`d p`hl'stmr( lftnlr fj Tlkm `r fj Er čngmjm*‗
Uld3 YR*K* Rnftjly .=>6<& @j m rloljt mttlgpt ey Cmo`ef mjk [fhmi t` kltlrgfjl `j
Mstr`j`gfomh Lvfkljol tnl Kmtl `d tnl lmrhflst Tlkfo Qlrf`k ms ;111 EO* [nl Fjkfmj
Mjtfqumry( 5;( ?4='?46W
Ilftn( o`ggljtlk `j tnl Nfjku gmrrfmbl rftumh
‘…tnl mrbugljt dr`g tnl p`hl stmr mssugls mj moourmoy fj tnl klgmjks `d tnl
prfgftfvl Fjkfmj wlkkfjb rftumh wnfon fs wn`hhy ujjmturmh*‗ Nl o`jtfjulk ‘…**m
pmssmbl wnfon o`jsfsts `d d``hfsn rlms`js d`r prldlrrfjb `jl `r `tnlr `d tnl
Jmismtrms9 wl mrl fj tnl smgl rlbf`j `d p`puhmr elhfld ms wnlj fj tnl _utrmhftlrmturl tnl lxfstljol `d Knruvm( m dfxlk p`hmr stmr( fs mhhlblk*‗ Nl mkklk m
d``t j`tl( ms tn`ubn j`t smtfsdflk wftn nfs mrbugljts .p 26&9 ‘[nl p`hl stmr(
Knruvm( mpplmrs fj tnl Brnym _utrms `jhy*‗
Uld3 YE*Ilftn .=65<& [nl Ulhfbf`j mjk Qnfh`s`pny `d tnl Tlkm mjk \pmjfsnmksNmrvmrk
\jfv* Qrlss( \_M*W
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5?
O@J[UMUV [@ [NL C\KBLGLJ[_ @D ILF[N MJK RNF[JLV
KNU\TM M_ M DF^LK J@U[N _[MU RF[N [NL KL[MFH_ @D
[NL O@J_[LHHM[F@J _NF_N\GMUM [@ RNFON KNU\TM
ELH@JBLK NM_ ELLJ \JL]\FT@OMHHV QUL_LUTLK FJ
[NL TLKFO MJK Q\UMJM [L^[_*
Rl nmvl t` moolpt( mt tnl hlmst gfjfgug( tnmt v`tmrfls
`d m pmrtfouhmr Tlkfo br`up fj Fjkfm elnlhk mjk prlslrvlk
m
siy pfoturl `d m K h̀pnfj/Bnmrfmh hfil dfburl wftn d`urtllj
stmrs(
tnl hmst stmr `j tnl tmfh h``ifjb dfxlk wftn`ut mjy`eslrvmehl g`tf`j wftn rlsplot t` `tnlr stmrs(
s`gl tfgl fj ?511'5>11'5;11 EOL
QMJONMTFG_‖M EU āNGMJM @D [NL
_ āGMTLKM GLJ[F@J_ _‖MUIMUM _ āGMJ M__@OFM[LK RF[N
_‖F_‖\G āUM M_ NLHQD\H FJ OU@__FJB [NL @OLMJ_
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5;
Ermngmjkm purmjm
enmis črtnmg mgr tmg s`gmn p`urj mgčsy čg upčsmtl |
li čg r čtr ĩ g surmfn smrvmfn pftr enfn smrs fenfn smnm ||
s`gmsym ir s j m'pmis čkmu enčsimr čenfguinmsym tu |
prmis ĩ ymjtl pftr 'klvmfn pĩ ymgčjčn imh č'irmgčt
trmym řom trfg řmtm řomfvm trmymn 'trfg řmt tmtnmfvm om |
trmym řom trf'smnmsr čřom klv čn s`gmg pfemjtf vmf ||ftyltmfn pĩ ymgčjmsym ir s j č vmrknmjtf vmf imh čn |
is mymjtf tmsgčt řuih čřom ir s j č č py čymymjtf om || .F' 5?*44'46&
G``j fs mppr`monlk ey mhh tnl klftfls( gmjls mjk r s fs d`r m jfbnt `j Duhh g``j( d`r
pmrtmifjb mgr tm* Dr`g tnl elbfjjfjb `d tnl kmri d`rtjfbnt( pmrts `d g``j dmofjb suj(
klorlmsl elfjb kruji ey pftr 'klvmt čs kfbft ey kfbft*
[nrll nujkrlk mjk tnrll( tnlj tnfrty'tnrll mjk mbmfj tnrll tn`usmjk mjk tnrll b`kskrfji s`gm* .??)?1?)?11?7???6& Elfjb kruji tnfs wmy( tnl kmri kfbfts fjorlmsl wftn
o`rrlsp`jkfjb klorlmsl fj tnl erfbnt kfbfts*
[nl me`vl jugelr fs tnl jugelr `d Tfsnvlklvmn .Mhh'b`ks& `d tnl Ufbvlkm - [nlsl
mrl fgp`rtmjt fj rftumhs o`jjlotlk wftn mjolstrmh rftls*
[nl rftumhfstfo o`rrlhmtf`j eltwllj g``j mjk pftrs fs wlhhij`wj eut tnl mstr`j`gfom
hfji fs fjtrfbufjb-
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[nl o`ujt stmrtlk `j m Duhh G``j t` pr`ollk tfhh mgčv čsym mjk
st`pplk tfhh tnl jlxt Duhh G``j( t` rlplmt mbmfj fj tnl smgl dmsnf`j
wftn bmps fj tnl erfbnt d`rtjfbnt*
[nfs jugelr fs tnl o`ujt `d tftnf s fj tnl kmri d`rtjfbnts sugglk up ms
???6 slquljtfmhhy d`r m splofmh purp`sl*
Fd e`tn tnl d`rtjfbnts wlrl t` el fjohuklk( tnfs o`ujt w`uhk el
???6x57442> tftnf s*
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QMUM_NMUM [MJ[UM _MGNF[M .=;11 EOL&
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[nl slvlj pmtns `d Qmrmsnmrm
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Ft fs bljlrmhhy `eslrvlk tnmt Tlkfo ouhturl plrs`jfdflk olhlstfmh `eclots mjk tnlfr motf`js* Nljoltnl tlxts omrry m emoibr`ujk tnmt nms t` el klofpnlrlk d`r lxtrmotfjb tnl mronmfo g`klhs `d tnl
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rlo`rks tnrll typls `d fjtlrprltmtf`js d`r slvlrmh nygjs `d tnl U bvlkm* [nlsl mrl tnl mknfymcj m(
mknyčtgm mjk tnl mknfkmfvm9 tnl smorfdfofmh( pnfh`s`pnfomh mjk olhlstfmh .kfvfjl& glmjfjbs
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Uldlrljols
=* U*J* Fyljbmr .51==& Knruvm tnl Mjofljt Fjkfmj Q`hl _tmr3 Dfxfty( U`tmtf`j mjk G`vlgljt*
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