India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the...

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Nandan Nilekani, 2017 India must embrace Data Democracy

Transcript of India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the...

Page 1: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Nandan Nilekani, 2017

India must embrace Data Democracy

Page 2: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Half the world now uses Smartphones

Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14

2.5 Bn have smartphones

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 2Source : Ben Evans, 2016

Page 3: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Newer devices are on the way

1960

40:1

1990

4:1

2005

1:1

2020

1 Person4 Devices

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 3

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IoT will bring 50 Billion devices online

ARM sold 15 billion chips in 2015, expected to sell

1 trillion chips/year in 2035.

Source : ARM Press release, 2016 Nandan Nilekani, 2017 4

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Everyone and everything will be connected

Source : Software.org-BSA Foundation IoT report, 2017 Nandan Nilekani, 2017 5

Generating massive amounts of data

Page 6: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Platforms chase Data over profit

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 6

Mobile OS Social N/W Health e-Commerce

Platforms enable products that solve problems, but also capture and claim ownership of data produced by user interaction.

The world’s largest businesses are building platforms

Page 7: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Because controlling data creates more of it

• The virtuous cycle of data feeds itself, growing bigger like an avalanche

• With no reason to do otherwise, it encourages capturing more data

• A winner-takes-all model emerges

More Data

creates better

products

Better products attract more users

Mor

e Us

ers c

reat

e

mor

e da

ta

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 7

Page 8: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Source : Mary Meeker, Internet Trends, 2017 Nandan Nilekani, 2017 8

Data Controllers tend to outgrow competition

China Mobile PaymentMarket Share - Q1:17

In 2016, AliPAy & WeChat

dominated 93%

of total mobile payments

a $5.5 Tn market

US Digital Ad SpendMarket Share - 2015-16

In 2016, Google & FB

dominated 71%

of total digital ad spend

& 89% of total growth

$59.5 Bn

$72.5 Bn

Page 9: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Source : The Hollywood Reporter, FT Nandan Nilekani, 2017 9Nandan Nilekani, 2017 9

Data + AI disrupt adjacencies with great speed

2013Netflix started creating its own content

Netflix's first self-commissioned original content series House of Cards was released in 2013

Yu’e Bao, “leftover treasure”, an app-based money market fund started in 2013.

Page 10: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Source : The Hollywood Reporter, FT Nandan Nilekani, 2017 10Nandan Nilekani, 2017 10

Data + AI disrupt adjacencies with great speed

2013

2016Reached $90B in ten months

Became world’s largest, reaching a total amount of $165 billion in 4 years

Netflix started creating its own content

Netflix's first self-commissioned original content series House of Cards was released in 2013

Yu’e Bao, “leftover treasure”, an app-based money market fund started in 2013.

Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, more

than any other single American network or cable channel

93 emmys, 2nd only to HBO’s 110

Page 11: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Data is a new kind of

resource

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 11

Page 12: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Data is a new kind of

resource

Data is anunlimited

non-rivalrous resource

Yet, it isn’t shared freely

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 12

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Data is a new kind of

resource

Social

Commerce

Location

Search

Data Producers

Data is anunlimited

non-rivalrous resource

Yet, it isn’t shared freely

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 13

arebecoming

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Data is a new kind of

resource

Social

Commerce

Location

Search

Data Producers

Self-Driving Cars

White label retail

Content & Media

Bots

Data Consumers

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 14

Data is anunlimited

non-rivalrous resource

Yet, it isn’t shared freely

arebecoming

Bundling Data into Silos

Page 15: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

“ Platforms that accumulate user data

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 15

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“ Platforms that accumulate user data rapidly disrupt industries,

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 16

Page 17: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

“ Platforms that accumulate user data rapidly disrupt industries,

outgrow competition,

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 17

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“ Platforms that accumulate user data rapidly disrupt industries,

outgrow competition,& create silos.

This is Data Domination

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 18

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The world is just waking up to the problem

Can the Tech Giants Be Stopped?THE WALL STREET JOURNAL

US

UK

EU CH JP

Japan considers tough anti-monopoly rules on data

FT, Jul 16, 2017

EU gives companies two years of comply with sweeping new privacy laws

PCWorld, April 14, 2016

China cyber-security law will keep citizen’s data within the Great firewall

By John Leyden, June 1, 2017

The U.S. Needs To Step Up To Fight Abuse of International Antitrust

James, Rill, June 28, 2017

The UK’s largest nine banks have been given a year to develop & adopt an Open Banking API interface for customer data

Finextra, Feb 2, 2017

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 19

Page 20: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Jan Dhan Bank Account

290 MnEnrolments in 6.75 yrs since

launch

1.16 BnJan Dhan Aadhaar

350 MnSmartphones

Mobile

1060 MnPhone Numbers

Meanwhile Indians are rapidly adopting digital ...

Mobile

Every second, 3 more Indians experience

the internet for the first time

77% of urban, 92% of rural

use the mobile phone as their primary device to connect to

the internet

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 20Source : UIDAI, NPCI, TRAI Website, Conversations with NPCI, eMudhra, Deity officials

Page 21: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

… and choosing it as their preferred mode of transacting

e-Sign in 24 months

>21 MnDigilocker users,

2 years

4.8 Mn

340 Mn >800 MnUPI Transactions in

June alone!

10M+ 500 Mn

6.9 MnUploaded docs

1+ BnIssued Docs

eKYC in 3 years75 Mn unique ids

Authentications/month> 500M unique ids so

far

APB Accounts Linked2.0 B Transactions worth 9.2 B USD

in 3 years

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 21Source : UIDAI, NPCI, TRAI Website, Conversations with NPCI, eMudhra, Deity officials

Page 22: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

India will go from data poor to data rich in 3 years

Digital Identity

Paperless Process

Commerce

Payment

Social

Machine Learning & Algorithms

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 22

Page 23: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

India will go from data poor to data rich in 3 years

Digital Identity

Paperless Process

Commerce

Payment

Social

Machine Learning & Algorithms

We need to think about how this data wealth will translate to real wealth for users

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 23

Page 24: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

We’re running out of Time

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 24

Page 25: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

We’re running out of Time

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 25

If unchecked, the problem of Data Domination will repeat in

India in 3 years

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DA

TA C

OLO

NIZ

ATI

ON

PRIV

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WIN

NER

-TA

KES-

ALL

India needs a strategic position on Data

Data Domination represents multiple risks

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 26

Page 27: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

India needs a strategic position on Data

DA

TA C

OLO

NIZ

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WIN

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Data Domination represents multiple risks

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 27

It is not just a technology challenge, It is ALSO a policy one.

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DA

TA C

OLO

NIZ

ATI

ON

PRIV

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WIN

NER

-TA

KES-

ALL

India needs a strategic position on Data

We must Invert the Data

Data Domination represents multiple risks

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 28

It is not just a technology challenge, It is ALSO a policy one.

Page 29: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

?Invert the Data

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 29

What is

WHAT, WHY, WHO, HOW

Page 30: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Invert usage of data

Data is used to

sell things to the userData to be used to

empower the user

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 30

Page 31: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

UPI

GSTN

BBPS

Search

Flow-Based Credit

Skilling & Recruitment

Content & Media

Bots

Invert ownership of data

Data Producers Data Consumers

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 31

Page 32: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Companies, both foreign and domestic,

are still free to collect and operate on data

as long as they follow the laws of the land

Inversion is not protectionism

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 32

Page 33: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Inversion is not protectionism

Inversion is only about empowering the user withChoice & Freedom

Choice of multiple providers

Freedom to share their data

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 33

Page 34: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

?Invert the Data

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 34

Why

WHAT, WHY, WHO, HOW

Page 35: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

29 Nov 1995

Since we don't trust anyone with it, put the users in control of their own data!

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 35Source : Calvin and Hobbes, Bill Watterson, 1995

Page 36: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

If user is the rightful owner of data,data is not locked in silos

Inversion means Data + AI is used toextract value for user

Inverting the data prevents Colonization

0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

1

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 1 0 1

0 1

0 0

0 0

1 1

1 1

0 0

0

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 36

Page 37: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Inverting the data defends privacy

Currently, only user choice is either

‘take it’ or ‘leave it’

Inversion lets the user negotiate her own terms

with service providers through consent

PrivacyData based on

Consent

ServicesValue added

based on data

The privacy tradeoff : Companies provide services for free in exchange for your data.

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 37

Page 38: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Inverting the data enables competition and innovation

Sharing of data between services

even if owned by same company

should happen by consent.

Inversion creates unbundling,

real user choice &negates winner-take-all

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 38

Page 39: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

?Nandan Nilekani, 2017 39

WHAT, WHY, WHO, HOW

Invert the Data

Who benefits if we

Page 40: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Indians will be data rich before being economically rich

In India, Ads will not subsidise products

Business models cannot be copy-pasted from US to India

India needs to rethink data companies for the Indian context

We’ve done it for Aadhaar, for payments, time to do it for data in India

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 40Source : statista.com, This Year Next Year, GroupM

Page 41: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

41

Devi the farmer can use data to navigate the 7

stages of farming

She creates a 360° profile of her farm through

personal & public data

Increasing trust and decreasing friction in her interactions with banks, insurers, input vendors,

market buyers, etc.

Data is the new Soil

Page 42: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Lack of credit is due to lack of Data

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 42

Bottleneck of lending is trust

Knowledge asymmetry creates usurious money lenders

Data measures capacity and intent to

pay back a loan

Ramesh (Mechanic)

Earns Rs 20,000 p.m.

Mohan (Shopkeeper)

Earns Rs 20,000 p.m.

0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

Page 43: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Creates virtuous cycle of credit to small businesses ...

Digital Footprints

Consented Data Sharing

BusinessMicro-Credit

Business Growth

GST FilingBBPS

StatementIf data is inverted,

Mohan can demand● His GST returns &● His Bill Payments on BBPSbe shared with NBFC

Thus, creating a richer digital footprint, and securing a loan.

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 43

Page 44: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

… and virtuous Cycle of skills for people

Training, Apprenticeship &

Certification

TrustedCredentials

Employment

Credible History

Differentiated Earnings

Guru-Shishya ParamparaEcosystem of

institutes/agencies

Aadhaar, Digital Locker for portability

and trust

Market places like LinkedIn, Babajobs, etc.

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 44

Page 45: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Data is used to eliminate knowledge asymmetry at scale

Skills Trust &

Formalization

HealthCannot work if data is in silos.

Data with ML/AI will be used to reduce information asymmetry & provide benefits

Jobs

Education

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 45

Page 46: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

?Nandan Nilekani, 2017 46

WHAT, WHY, WHO, HOW

Invert the Data

How to

Page 47: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

India has unique digital infrastructure...

A set of serendipitously developed open APIs, built as public good

2 31 54 6

eSign Digi-Locker

UPIBHIM

GSTNAadhaarAuth

FastTag ETC

7

Bharat Bill Pay

(BBPS)

2

eKYC

India Stack for consumers National Platforms for Businesses

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 47

Page 48: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

… and a robust authentication infrastructure

AADHAAR(Biometric)

MOBILE(OTP)

BANK(UPI PIN)

DL PAN ...

PCs Smartphone Cards PoS ...

Employee ID

Access Channels

Domain Identity

Foundational Identity

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 48

Page 49: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

India is uniquely positioned to implement inversion

Data Consumers

Data consumers must seek consent from user before sharing data

Consent Collection, Storage and Audit can be managed efficiently over Open APIs

Introducing the Data Empowerment & Protection Architecture

1. Consent Flow Digitally signed consent artifact

2. Data FlowSecure data sharing based on consent

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 49

Page 50: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

“ Data is empowering when it is in the hands of the people. We must

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 50

Page 51: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

“ Data is empowering when it is in the hands of the people. We must

invert the data, thus ensuring freedom and choice.

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 51

Page 52: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

“ Data is empowering when it is in the hands of the people. We must

invert the data, thus ensuring freedom and choice.

This is Data Democracy

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 52

Page 53: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Managing the economy with Data

8 million businesses uploading line item

level GSTN data

can track GDP consumption / inflation

in real-time.

ETC/ e-way bills dataof every truck crossing

every toll booth

can help understand supply chains

NPCI has Payments Data of transactions done

digitally

can tell us about real time shift to cashless

Real-time Macroeconomics

Implement incremental policy changes, and track

immediate effect

Targeted policy interventions

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 53

Page 54: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

3 Simple Steps to a Data Democracy

Government

01. Legal Right of public over public data

Govt to unlock public data such as Income Tax, GSTN, Drivers License etc

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 54

Page 55: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

3 Simple Steps to a Data Democracy

Government

Regulated Markets

01. Legal Right of public over public data

Govt to unlock public data such as Income Tax, GSTN, Drivers License etc

02. Require standard protocols and formats for release of

Bank statements, Loans, Mutual Funds, Stocks, Investments, Insurance

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 55

Page 56: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

3 Simple Steps to a Data Democracy

Government

Regulated Markets

Private Enterprises

01. Legal Right of public over public data

Govt to unlock public data such as Income Tax, GSTN, Drivers License etc

02. Require standard protocols and formats for release of

Bank statements, Loans, Mutual Funds, Stocks, Investments, Insurance

03. Liberate private data via policy

Digital footprints,Health data - medical records, labs, etc.Business data- Transactions,

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 56

Page 57: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

A no-cost, immediate and viable solution for the triple threat of Data Domination!

3 Simple Steps to a Data Democracy

Government

Regulated Markets

Private Enterprises

01. Legal Right of public over public data

Govt to unlock public data such as Income Tax, GSTN, Drivers License etc

02. Require standard protocols and formats for release of

Bank statements, Loans, Mutual Funds, Stocks, Investments, Insurance

03. Liberate private data via policy

Digital footprints,Health data - medical records, labs, etc.Business data- Transactions,

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 57

Page 58: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

India can leapfrog

History has shown time and again, that the best way to check power is to distribute, not accumulate it.

India can only solve its hard problems by empowering its users with their data.

Nandan Nilekani, 2017 58

Page 59: India must embrace Data Democracy 16th Aug Pres… · India must embrace Data Democracy. Half the world now uses Smartphones Out of 5.5 Bn people above age 14 2.5 Bn have smartphones

Thank You