India: Jharkhand State Roads Project · people presently is the lack of means of transport, as very...
Transcript of India: Jharkhand State Roads Project · people presently is the lack of means of transport, as very...
Resettlement Plan
Document Stage: Updated December 2010
India: Jharkhand State Roads Project
Govindpur–Jamtara Section
Prepared by Road Construction Department, Government of Jharkhand for the Asian
Development Bank.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 22 December 2010)
Currency unit – Indian rupee (Rs) Rs1.00 = $0.02212389
$1.00 = Rs45.200000
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB – Asian Development Bank BSR – building schedule rates BPL – below poverty line EA – Executing Agency FGD – focus group discussions GOI – Government of India GRC – grievance redressal cell HH – household IPSA – initial poverty and social assessment IP – indigenous peoples JH – Jharkhand LA – land acquisition NGO – non-government organization NPRR – National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRA – participatory rural appraisal RP – resettlement plan RO – resettlement officer R&R – resettlement & rehabilitation SC – Schedule Caste ST – Schedule Tribe TOR – terms of reference
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
km – kilometer sq. mt – square meter
NOTE
In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.
This resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
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RESETTLEMENT PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary 4
Chapter 1 : The Project Background 9
1.1. Project Description 9
1.2. Project Benefits and impacts 10
1.3. Measures to minimize impacts 11
1.4. Objectives of the Resettlement Plan 12
Chapter 2 : Project State and Subproject District 13
2.1. Project State 13
2.2. Subproject Districts 14
Chapter 3 : Findings of the Resettlement Census Survey 16
3.1. Objectives of the Resettlement Census Survey 16
3.2. Methodology 16
3.3. Findings of the Resettlement Census survey 16
3.4. Gender impacts of the subproject 21
3.5. Types of Project Impacts 24
3.5.1 Impact on Agricultural land 25
3.5.2 Impact on Residential Assets 27
3.5.3 Impact on Commercial Assets 30
3.5.4 Impact on Residential cum Commercial Assets 33
3.6. Awareness & Perceptions of the affected households on the subproject 37
Chapter 4 : Impact on Indigenous Peoples in the Project Area 38
4.1. Schedules Tribes (ST) in Jharkhand 38
4.2. Key impacts of the Project on ST Households 38
4.3. Involuntary Resettlement Impacts on Scheduled Tribes 41
4.4. Mitigation measures for ST Households 45
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Chapter 5 : Resettlement Policy Framework & Entitlement Matrix 47
5.1. Introduction 47
5.2. Policy Framework – Review of Resettlement Policies, Legal Framework
& ADB Requirements
47
5.3. ADB Policy on Involuntary Resettlement 48
5.4. Similarities & Differences between NPRR & ADB Policy 49
5.5. Resettlement Policy & Principles for the subproject 52
5.6. Entitlement Matrix 53
5.7. Cut-off Date 58
5.8. Valuation of affected assets 58
5.9. Disposal of Acquired Property 59
Chapter 6: Consultations & Stakeholder Participation 61
6.1. Introduction 61
6.2. Methods of community consultation 61
6.3. Consultation – Scope & Issues 62
6.4. Feedback from Consultations 62
6.5. Disclosure of the Resettlement Plan 67
6.6. Plan for further Consultations and Community Participation during
Project Implementation
68
Chapter 7: Institutional Framework 69
7.1. Introduction 69
7.2. Executing Agency 69
7.3. Roles & Responsibilities 69
7.4. RP Implementation Schedule 74
Chapter 8: Cost Estimates & Budget 77
Chapter 9 : Monitoring & Evaluation 81
9.1 Need for monitoring 81
9.2 Monitoring at EA level 81
9.3 Stages of Monitoring 82
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9.4. Reporting Requirements 84
LIST OF ANNEXES
Annexure I : Resettlement Survey Questionnaires
Annexure II: Terms of reference for the NGO/agency
Annexure III: Terms of Reference for an External Monitoring & Evaluation
Agency/Consultant
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A. The Project
The Jharkhand (JH) State Highway Project entails the upgradation and improvement of the
existing State roads of Jharkhand with ADB assistance under the ADB‟s Country Operations
Business Plan (2007-2009). The project will rehabilitate the deteriorated and damaged state
road corridors to provide reliable road transport services and hence reduce poverty in the long
term. The Executing Agency (EA) for this project will be the Jharkhand State Road
Construction Department (JHRCD) which is responsible for about 6800 kms roads consisting
of NH‟s, SH‟s and District roads.
In accordance with ADB‟s procedure for Project lending, a project road has been selected in
the state of JH for project preparation and processing. This subproject comprises of the
upgradation of the State highway section of Gobindpur – Jamtara – Dumka – Barhet –
Sahebganj comprising of a total length of 310.7 kms, traversing through a total of six districts
in the state. This existing road will be converted into a 2 lane State Highway under the Project.
The subproject design of the Govindpur - Jamtara were revisited and modified to avoid impact
on the commercial and residential structures at Govindpur junction by means of a provision of
a 6.5 km long bypass. The new alignment passes through mostly agriculture land. The
entrance point of the corridor was earlier Govindpur chowk, which has now been shifted 900
mtrs from the earlier one. The total length of the realignment is 6.5 Kms and it merges with the
highway at approximately 8 Kms at the Kharni village.
B. Project Benefits and Impacts
The Project will augment connectivity between the six districts (Dhanbad, Jamtara, Dumka,
Deoghar, Pakur and Sahibganj) and will lead to the easy accessibility of the local people to
essential socio-economic services such as health care, education, administrative services and
trade centers enhancing the general quality of life. One of the key problems faced by the local
people presently is the lack of means of transport, as very few public transport ply on these
roads due to the poor road condition. The limited transport vehicles that do ply charge nearly
double fare particularly making accessing socio-economic services difficult for the poor
communities in the area. The Project, by improving road condition, is anticipated to improve
access and transport options manifold thereby benefiting the locals particularly the poor.
The package starts at Gobindpur and passes through Pokhariya – Palubera - Karamdah ghat
– Narayan pur More and reaches Jamtara, this package is in two districts i.e. Dhanbad and
Jamtara. The corridor is of 79.2 kms and consists of two bypasses, namely the Govindpur
bypass and Jamtara Bypass.
The realignment starts with a total widening of 70 meters, at the point of entrance and reduces
to 45 meters after 200 meters. Though the Project will involve improvements to a two-lane
standard, the land acquisition undertaken by the government is as per the four-lane expansion
criterion taking into account future expansion needs. The bypass passes through six villages
of Dhanbad District- Karmatand, Kumhardih, Kushmatand, Lahardih, Pathuria and Kharni.
In order to assess the Project level resettlement impacts for the realignment, a detailed census
was undertaken in August- September, 2010 on the 6.5 km road section. This survey identified
a total of 230 households which will be affected by the 6.5k ms realignment section in
Dhanbad. A total of 92 acres of land would be acquired for the bypass section. In line with this
recent survey, the existing census database for Govindpur- Jamtara subproject section has
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been updated. The updated census survey data brings forth that a total of 925 affected
households comprising of 8016 persons will be affected by the subproject.
Based on latest census survey and update, a total of 160.40 acres of land and 1163 assets
(comprising of agricultural plots, residential, commercial and residential cum commercial
assets, trees etc) will be affected as a result of the subproject improvements.
Table A: Summary Profile of Affected Population in Package I: Govindpur – Jamtara
based on updated census survey
Description Old RP (Census 2008) Changes due to New Alignment
Total Project Affected Households
835 households
925 HHs (From the old census database, 140 households were excluded whereas 230 new households got included 0F
1)
Total Project Affected Persons
7345 persons 8016 persons
(1164 persons got excluded whereas 1835 new APs got included)
Total land getting affected 86.25 acres 1F
2
160.40 acres (Additional 93 acres getting affected
due to the new bypass)
Source: Resettlement Census, 2010
A total of 925 HH will be affected by the project, and majority of the affected households (48%)
would lose their agricultural land. This is followed closely by those households, who would lose
their residential assets (30%), while 8% of the affected households each would incur impact on
their commercial and residential cum commercial assets respectively. It is imperative to note
that 5% (50 HH) of the affected HH would incur loss on more than one type of their assets.
Table B: Details of Affected Population in Package I: Govindpur - Jamtara
Description Units
(as per Census 2008)
Updated Units
(as per Census 2010)
Total Project Affected Households 835 households 925 households
Total Project Affected Persons 7345 persons 8016 persons
Average Family Size of affected
households 8.7 persons per family 8.66 persons per family
Total land getting affected 86.25 acres 2F
3 160.40 acres
Total affected assets 1069 assets 3F
4 1163 assets
Out of the total affected households,
no. of Households with vulnerabilities 347 households 408 households
1 Though more households are being affected by the realignment, earlier it was resulting in huge
displacement of the people, now mostly agriculture land is being affected. 2 Includes agricultural land, residential land, commercial land, residential cum commercial land, other
asset (such as cattle shed and store) land. 3 Includes agricultural land, residential land, commercial land, residential cum commercial land, other
asset (such as cattle shed and store) land. 4 Includes assets such as structures, agricultural plots.
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Total No. of Affected Tenants 49 Tenants 39 Tenants
Total No. of Affected Employees 38 Employees 32 Employees
Main Occupation of Affected
households
Majority of the households
deriving their incomes and
livelihoods from more than
one source namely – non-
agriculture labor,
Agriculture and Trade &
Business, etc.
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
C. Measures to Minimize Impact
All necessary efforts have been made in order to minimize the subproject impacts and to
reduce disruption of livelihood. In order to minimize impacts to the maximum possible extent,
adequate provisions have been incorporated into the planning and design of the subproject to
minimize or mitigate any unavoidable impacts. As aforementioned, the earlier alignment
traversed through the densely habitated Govindpur market thereby adversely affecting a large
number of commercial establishments and residential structures. In order to avoid impact on
these structures and the livelihoods of the people, a 6.5 kms bypass for this section (under
Package I) was introduced. This realignment passes mostly through agricultural land and
thereby has limited impact on residential as well as commercial assets.
D. Objective of the Resettlement Plan
The resettlement plan (RP) is guided by the National R&R Policy - 2007, JH R&R Norms –
2009, Bihar R&R Policy - 2007 and various state laws on land acquisition, and relevant ADB
Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995) and Operations Manual F2 on Involuntary
Resettlement (2006).
The primary objective of the RP is to identify impacts and to plan measures to mitigate various
losses of the subproject. The RP is based on the general findings of the resettlement census
survey, field visits, and meetings with various project-affected persons in the subproject area.
The RP presents (i) type and extent of loss of assets, including land and structures; (ii)
principles and legal framework applicable for mitigation of losses; (iii) entitlement matrix, based
on the inventory of loss and (iii) budget, institutional framework for the implementation of the
plan, including monitoring and evaluation.
Considering the changes in the alignment and the inclusion of a new bypass at Govindpur, this
RP has been updated based on new census survey (conducted on the 6.5 kms bypass
section) August - September 2010.
E. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP
Local level stakeholders were consulted in the subproject area while conducting initial social
and poverty assessment. Similarly, due consideration was also given for Stakeholder
consultations and community participation at different levels during RP preparation.
Consultations were also undertaken with the 230 newly affected HH (on Govindpur bypass
section) being included in this RP.
A summary of this updated Resettlement Plan (RP) will be translated into Hindi and Santhali
and will be made available to the affected people included in RP based on census survey of
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September 2010, by the Executing Agency (EA) for review and comments on the policy and
mitigation measures by means of subproject-level Disclosure workshops prior to loan
negotiation. The proceedings of the disclosure workshop and the feedback received will be
sent to ADB for review. The final updated RP will also be disclosed on the ADB Website.
F. Implementation Arrangements & Grievance Redressal
Executing Agency (EA) of the State Road Project in Jharkhand is the Road Construction
Department (RCD) of the State government and will be responsible for overall strategic
guidance, technical supervision, execution of the project, and ensuring compliance with the
loan covenants. Project Implementation Cell under Road Construction Department will be
established in Ranchi. This PIC will be headed by a full-time Director (ADB Project) reporting
to the Secretary – RCD.
PIC would also ensure monitoring any changes to the subproject design. In case of change in
subproject design thereby entailing change in resettlement impacts, a re-evaluation and
updating of the RP will be undertaken. The updated RP will be disclosed to the APs, endorsed
by the EA and will be submitted to ADB for approval prior to award of civil works contracts for
the subproject. The updated RP, not just the summary will be disclosed to the APs as well as
uploaded on the ADB website and RCD website after ADB review and approval. PIC would
also ensure that resettlement budgets are delivered on time for RP implementation. A field
based District level Implementation Cell, headed by an Executive Engineer and assisted by a
dedicated R&R Officer (RO) to implement the RP, will be responsible for the day-to-day
implementation of the RP. This DIC will be assisted by local NGOs.
In order to resolve and address the grievances of the communities and people affected, a
Grievance Redressal Cell would be established at the District Implementation Cell level. This
Cell will comprise of the Executive Engineer, local NGO representative, community leaders
(non- political), representatives of affected persons including women and vulnerable groups.
To facilitate inter-departmental coordination as well as ensure speedy resolution of issues and
grievances of the communities, a District level task force chaired by District Collector and
comprising of District Land Acquisition Officer (DLAO), District Forest Officer (DFO), Executive
Engineer and Additional District Magistrate and Relief Officer has been constituted at the each
district level.
All compensation and other assistances 4F
5 will be paid to all APs prior to commencement of civil
works. A detailed implementation schedule for the various activities is provided in Figure 7.2 in
the main text.
G. Budget
The total estimated cost for resettlement operation and management for the Project Rs. 227,254,096 US$ 5,410,812 H. Training, Monitoring & Evaluation
An orientation and training in resettlement management will be provided under the Project by
the ADB Consultant on NGO Engagement to the NGOs focusing on issues concerning - (i)
5 While compensation is required prior to dispossession or displacement of affected people from their assets, the full
resettlement plan implementation, which may require income rehabilitation measures, might be completed only over a
longer period of time after civil works have begun. Affected people will be provided with certain resettlement
entitlements, such as land and asset compensation and transfer allowances, prior to their displacement,
dispossession, or restricted access.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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principles and procedures of land acquisition; (ii) the policies and principles agreed under the
ADB loan; (iii) public consultation and participation; (iv) entitlements and compensation
disbursement mechanisms; (v) Grievance redressal and (vi) monitoring of resettlement
operation.
The RP will have both internal and external monitoring. Internal Monitoring will be a regular
activity for the PIC, which will oversee the timely implementation of R&R activities. Internal
Monitoring will be carried out by the PIC and its agents, such as NGOs and will prepare
monthly reports on the progress of RP Implementation.
External (or independent) monitoring will be hired by ADB to provide an independent periodic
assessment of resettlement implementation and impacts to verify internal monitoring, and to
suggest adjustment of delivery mechanisms and procedures as required.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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CHAPTER I:
THE PROJECT
1.1. Project Description
The Jharkhand (JH) State Highway Project entails the upgradation and improvement of
the existing State roads of Jharkhand with ADB assistance under the ADB‟s Country
Operations Business Plan (2007-2009). The project will rehabilitate the deteriorated and
damaged state road corridors to provide reliable road transport services and hence
reduce poverty in the long term. The Executing Agency (EA) for this project will be the
Jharkhand State Road Construction Department (JHRCD) which is responsible for about
6800 kms roads consisting of NH‟s, SH‟s and District roads.
In accordance with ADB‟s procedure for Project lending, a project road has been selected
in the state of JH for project preparation and processing. This subproject comprises of the
upgradation of the State highway section of Gobindpur – Jamtara – Dumka – Barhet –
Sahebganj comprising of a total length of 310.7 kms, traversing through a total of six
districts in the state. This existing road will be converted into a 2 lane State Highway
under the Project. The sample subproject has been sub-divided into a total of four
packages which are illustrated in Table 1.1 below:
Table 1.1: Detail of the sample subproject
Package Name of the Package Districts Covered Length (in kms)
Package I Govindpur – Jamtara
( Govindpur Bypass &
Jamtara Bypass)
Dhanbad, Jamtara 61.7 Km
6.5 km
11.0 km
Package II: Jamtara – Dumka
(Dumka Bypass)
Jamtara, Dumka, Deoghar
75.5 Km
6.5 km
Package III: Dumka – Barhet
Sahebganj, Dumka, Pakur
98.1 Km
Package IV Barhait – Sahebganj Sahebganj 49.9 Km
TOTAL 6 districts 310.7 kms
Source: Design Review Report, Sheladia
The project corridor passes through six districts of newly formed state of Jharkhand that
are Dhanbad, Jamtara, Dumka, Deoghar, Pakur and Sahebganj constituting the Santhal
Parganas. Santhal Parganas constitute one of the administrative Divisions of Jharkhand
state, India. This is now the one of the commissionaires of Jharkhand with its
headquarters in Dumka. Presently, this administrative division has 6 districts, namely,
(Godda, Deoghar, Dumka, Jamtara, Sahibganj and Pakur).
The project region is situated in the north east of the state adjacent to West Bengal of which Dhanbad, Jamtara, Dumka, Deoghar and Sahebganj are the main towns. Dhanbad, known as the “Coal capital of India”, a big city along the National Highway (NH-2)
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popularly known as GT Road, is the nerve center of production and distribution of the coals due to its with all weather road connectivity. 1.2. Project Benefits and Impacts
The state roads network mainly comprises of the state Highways (SHs), Major District
Roads (MDRs, Other District Roads (ODRs) and Rural roads (RR). The project aims at
improving the state road mainly comprising of state highway and converting it into a two
lane State Highway (SH) by upgrading and rehabilitating the existing road. The Project will
augment connectivity between the six districts (Dhanbad, Jamtara, Dumka, Deoghar,
Pakur and Sahibganj) and will lead to the easy accessibility of the local people to
essential socio-economic services such as health care, education, administrative services
and trade centers enhancing the general quality of life.
One of the key problems faced by the local people presently is the lack of means of
transport, as very few public transport ply on these roads due to the poor road condition.
The limited transport vehicles that do ply charge nearly double fare particularly making
accessing socio-economic services difficult for the poor communities in the area. The
Project, by improving road condition, is anticipated to improve access and transport
options manifold thereby benefiting the locals particularly the poor.
The package starts 900 meters ahead of NH2 with Giridih –Tundi road at Govillage
Kadmatad and passes through Pokhariya – Palubera - Karamdah ghat – Narayan pur -
and reaches Jamtara, this package is in two districts i.e. Dhanbad and Jamtara.
As part of the Project, the existing road would be improved and widened to standard two
lane entailing a total widening of 30 to 45 meters 5F
6. Though the Project will involve
improvements to a two-lane standard, the land acquisition undertaken by the government
is as per the four-lane expansion criterion taking into account future expansion needs.
While definite limits of ROW at site was not available, during surveys rough calculations
were made based on record review and interaction with community and revenue officials
and on the basis of these calculations, package wise width of the ROW was found to be
upto 15 meters.
In order to assess the Project level resettlement impacts, a detailed census survey was
undertaken packagewise from January 2008 onwards. During the survey, it is estimated
that a total of 835 households will be affected by way of the project in the subproject
districts of Dhanbad and Jamtara. Of these 317 HH fall under the jurisdiction of Dhanbad
district while the rest 518 in Jamtara district. Subsequently, the subproject design of the
Govindpur - Jamtara was modified to avoid impact on commercial structures at Govindpur
junction by means of a provision of a 6.5 kms long bypass. In line with this modification, a
census survey was undertaken on this 6.5 km section in August - September 2010. The
census database for this subproject section was updated based on the recent survey and
based on the same this updated RP has been prepared. The updated census survey
identified a total of 925 affected households comprising of 8016 persons will be affected
by the subproject.
The impacts incurred by the affected households would be in terms of loss of agricultural
land and structures, which include residential, commercial as well as residential cum
commercial. The majority of the affected households (41%) would lose their agricultural
6 In case of Jamtara & Dumka bypass, in some places a total widening of 60 meters will be undertaken
taking into account technical specifications.
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land. A total of 160.40 acres of land and 1163 assets (comprising of agricultural plots,
residential, commercial and residential cum commercial assets etc) will be affected as a
result of the subproject improvements.
Table 1.2 below presents a summary of the impacts and affected population in Package I.
Table 1.2: Summary Profile of Affected Population in Package I: Govindpur -
Jamtara
Description Units as per Census
2008
Updated Units (as per
Census 2010)
Total Project Affected Households 835 households 925 households
Total Project Affected Persons 7345 persons 8016 persons
Average Family Size of affected
households 8.7 persons per family 8.66 persons per family
Total land getting affected 86.25 acres6F
7 160.40 acres
Total affected assets 1069 assets7F
8 1163 assets
Out of the total affected households,
no. of Households with
vulnerabilities
347 households 408 households
Total No. of Affected Tenants 49 Tenants 39 Tenants
Total No. of Affected Employees 38 Employees 32 Employees
Main Occupation of Affected
households
Majority of the households
deriving their incomes and
livelihoods from more
than one source namely –
non-agriculture labor,
Agriculture and Trade &
Business, etc.
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
1.3 Measures to minimize impact
All necessary efforts have been made in order to minimize the subproject impacts and
reduce disruption of livelihood. In order to minimize impacts to the maximum possible
extent, adequate provisions have been incorporated into the planning and design of the
subproject to minimize or mitigate any unavoidable impacts. The key technical efforts
undertaken to minimize impact are enumerated below:
7 Includes agricultural land, residential land, commercial land, residential cum commercial land, other
asset (such as cattle shed and store) land. 8 Includes assets such as structures, agricultural plots.
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1. New Bypass at Govindpur - The earlier alignment pass through the dense
Govindpur market adversely affecting a large number of commercial establishments as
well as residential assets. In order to avoid impacts on the livelihoods of the people here,
a bypass for this section under Package I area has been proposed. This realignment
passes mostly through agricultural land and minimally affecting residential as well as
commercial assets. This bypass provision has reduced the displacement of 140
households and units.
2. Community bypasses in several village areas – Local realignments of the main route that have been introduced in order to shift the roadway (required to be widened to 12m overall) out of the built up areas and into a more rural setting. By doing so, this reduces the number of parcels / property owners affected by land acquisitions needed to meet the new RoW requirements. It also reduced the number of roadside building to be demolished.
3. Alignment - Outside of developed areas, the design has to the extent possible,
followed the existing road alignment. This has led in some case to what may be considered to be a somewhat 'sub-standard' geometric alignment for a new state highway facility but offers the advantage of minimizing impact on adjacent agricultural and forest areas.
4. Embankment construction - The introduction of 'toe' retaining walls in some areas of high fill construction in order to reduce the width of new RoW required. Furthermore, in a few areas the embankment is required to be constructed in or close to existing ponds. The 'toe' wall approach reduced the extent of the encroachment into important local resources.
5. Traffic management during construction – As far as possible the design has
included for the reconstruction of cross drainage structures to be in the same location as the existing that they are to replace and for the use of single-lane traffic flows during construction work. In several cases, this has eliminated the need for temporary road detours at such sites leading to corresponding reductions in (temporary) property acquisition and disturbance of local property usage.
1.4 Objective of the Resettlement Plan The resettlement plan (RP) is guided by the National R&R Policy - 2007, JH R&R Norms –
2009, Bihar R&R Policy - 2007 and various state laws on land acquisition, and relevant
ADB Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995) and Operations Manual F2 on Involuntary
Resettlement (2006).
The primary objective of the RP is to identify impacts and to plan measures to mitigate
various losses of the subproject. This RP is based on the general findings of the
resettlement census survey, field visits, and meetings with various project-affected
persons in the subproject area. The RP presents (i) type and extent of loss of assets,
including land and structures; (ii) principles and legal framework applicable for mitigation
of losses; (iii) entitlement matrix, based on the inventory of loss and (iii) budget,
institutional framework for the implementation of the plan, including monitoring and
evaluation.
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CHAPTER II:
THE PROJECT STATE & SUBPROJECT DISTRICTS
This chapter presents an overview of the Project state highlighting the central issues for development such as demographic trends, state of the economy, poverty, literacy, and trends in urbanization. Socio-demographic as well as economic realities of the state of Jharkhand and the subproject districts of Dhanbad and Jamtara falling in Package I: Govindpur to Jamtara section has been detailed below.
2.1. The Project State
The state of “Jharkhand” (JH) as the name suggests spreads over most of the
mountainous plateau and forest region of the erstwhile State of Bihar and covers most of
Chotta Nagpur Region. Jharkhand became the 28th State of the Indian Federation on
November 15th 2000. The State originally comprised of 18 districts. Later on, four new
districts Simdega (out of Gumla), Latehar (out of Palammu), Saraikela (out of West
Singhbhum) and Jamtara (out of Dumka) were carved out making 22 districts. Table 2.1
below presents the key socio-demographic data of the State and subproject district of
Sahibganj through which Package IV traverses.
Table 2.1: Key socio-demographic data of the state and the Project district
Source: Census Report, 2001
2.1.1. Socio – Demographic Profile 8F
9
Location: The state of Jharkhand is bordered by Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and
West Bengal to its north, west, south and east respectively. The state is a plateau about
900 m above sea level. The highest part of the plateau is Netarhat, which has an
elevation of 1100 m. The Parasnath Hill is the highest point with an elevation of 1460 m.
The plateau is full of mountain ranges covered with dense forests. A number of rivers and
rivulets flow down through the hilly terrains and valleys.
Demographic Trends: Population of Jharkhand on 1st March 2001 was 269,45,829 which
gives it 13th place among 28 States and 7 Union Territories of India. The population ratio
between the State and India is 2.13 percent. Male to female ratio in the state is 941
females per 1000 males while in 1991 it was 922 females per 1000 males. The total area
of the new state is 79.714 Sq.km, which is 2.52 percent to that of India. The density of
9 Source of information is Census Report, 2001 and Secondary data.
1BDistrict Population
2001
Decadal Growth
Rate 0BSex Ratio Density
1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001
Jharkand State 26,909,428 24.03 23.19 922 941 274 338
Dhanbad 2,394,434 22.70 22.82 819 874 950 1167
Jamtara 544,856 20.56 21.42 920 948 230 310
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Population in Jharkhand is 274 persons per Sq. km with a rate of increase in population
during 1991-2001 of 23.19%, slightly higher than the India‟s growth rate of 21.34%. Out of
the total population, ST comprises 26.3% of the total (7,087,068) and SC comprises 12%
(3,189,320) The state has a total of thirty (30) Scheduled Tribes. The Scheduled Tribes
are primarily rural as 91.7per cent of them reside in villages. Santhal, Oraon, Munda, Ho,
Kharia, Bhumij, Lohra and Kharwar are the major tribes found in the State of Jharkhand.
The main languages spoken in Jharkhand are Santhali, Mundari, Kurukh , Khortha
Nagpuria, Sadri, Kharia, Panchparagnia, Ho, Malto, Karmali, Hindi, Urdu, and Bangla. In
some pockets Oriya, and Bhojpuri are also spoken.
Literacy: The recent literacy rate in the state is 54.13%, up from 41.39% in 1991 and it is
second from the bottom among 28 States and 7 Union Territories. The female literacy rate
improved from 25.52 per cent in 1991 to 39.38 percent in 2001.
2.2 Subproject District9F
10
The following section presents a brief profile of the project districts of Dhanbad and
Jamtara.
2.2.1. Dhanbad District
The Dhanbad district is situated in the state of Jharkhand and lies between 23°37'3" N
and 24°4' N latitude and between 86o6'30" E and 86o50' E longitude. The district covers
an area of 2509.5 sq. km. with total population of 23, 97,102. Out of this males constitute
53% and females constitute 47% of the total population. The percentage of population
living in rural and urban area is 48% and 52% respectively. Administratively the district is
divided into 1349 villages, 8 blocks and 311 panchayats.
The average literacy rate of this district is 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%:
with male and female literacy of 79% and 68%. 12% of the population of Dhanbad is
below 6 years of age.
The Dhanbad district has 71127.88 ha of agriculture land. Out of this, irrigated area is only
5156.28 ha. The major crop grown in the district is paddy and other crops are wheat,
pulses and vegetables. The forest area in the district is about 17728.29 ha. Dhanbad is
particularly famous for its coal mines and industrial establishments; which play a key role
in its economy and because of which it is referred to as the "Coal Capital" of India.
2.2.2. Jamtara District
The Jamtara district is situated in the state of Jharkhand and lies between 23°10‟ N to
24°5‟ N latitude and between 86°30‟ to 87°15‟ East longitude. The district covers an area
of 177743 ha with total population of 5,97,287. Out of this male constitutes 51% and
female constitutes 49% of the total population. Administratively, the district is divided into
1084 villages, 4 blocks and 118 panchayats.
Jamtara has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%
with male and female literacy of 75% and 57%.13% of the population of Jamtara is under
6 years of age.
10
Source of information is Census Report, 2001 and Secondary data.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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The Jamtara district has 65721 Ha of agricultural land. Out of this, irrigated area is only
5390 ha. The major crop grown in the district is paddy and other crops are wheat, pulses
and vegetables. The forest area in the district is 7104 Ha.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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CHAPTER III:
FINDINGS OF THE RESETTLEMENT CENSUS SURVEY
3.1 Objective of the Resettlement Census Survey The resettlement census survey is a comprehensive survey that covered 100%
households getting affected by the subproject (Pkg I), irrespective of their entitlement or
ownership status. This survey was undertaken along the subproject by a trained survey
team comprising of social researchers.
The objective of the census survey was to identify the affected persons and generate an
inventory of social and economic impacts on the project affected persons, the structures
affected, socio-economic profile of the project affected people, their perceptions about the
project and rehabilitation and resettlement options. A schedule was prepared to collect
detailed information on the socio-economic status of the affected persons and
households. In addition, considering the type of loss namely – residential, commercial,
residential-cum-commercial, land etc of the AP a loss-specific schedule was filled for that
AP. A copy of the survey tools used during the census survey is enclosed as Annexure
1.
The updated census survey identified a total of 925 affected households comprising of
8016 persons will be affected by the subproject. The list of APs and the project database
is annexed as Annexure 2.
3.2 Methodology The key methods employed by the team during the course of the survey are in order:
Marking of affected assets and structures as per the engineering design;
One-to-one household interview with the affected households;
Small group consultations, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were also undertaken with affected persons including women and vulnerable groups, shopkeepers, revenue officials and property dealers during the survey.
3.3 Findings of the Resettlement Census survey Of the total 925 affected households (HH), 407 HH (44%), fall under the jurisdiction of
Dhanbad district while the remaining 518 HH (56%) are in Jamtara district.
The main impacts incurred by the affected households entail loss of agricultural land and
structures, which include residential, commercial as well as residential cum commercial.
Majority of the affected households (48%) would incur impact on their agricultural land.
This is followed closely by those who would lose the residential assets (30%) while 8% of
those affected would incur impacts on their commercial and residential cum commercial
asset respectively. It is also imperative to note that 5% (50 HH) of the affected HH would
incur loss on more than one type of their assets.
In terms of the district wise distribution of losses, (Table 3.1), in the subproject district of
Dhanbad, of the 407 affected HHs, 55% would incur a loss of agriculture assets followed
by 23% bearing an impact on their residential assets. Additionally, the project would affect
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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commercial assets of 19 households accounting for 5% of the total affected households
and residential cum commercial assets of another 19 households. As mentioned above,
the 50 HH incurring n impact on more than one type of their asset, all fall in Dhanbad
jurisdiction.
Table 3.1: District Wise Distribution of Type of Losses
Type of Loss
District wise Number of Affected Households
Dhanbad Jamtara Grand Total
In No.s
In %age
In No.s
In %age
Agriculture 225 55.28 220 42.47 445
Commercial 19 4.67 53 10.23 72
Residential cum Commercial
19 4.67 58 11.20 77
Residential 94 23.10 187 36.10 281
More Than One 50 12.29 - - 50
Grand Total 407 HH 100.00 518 HH 100.00 925 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
In the other subproject district of Jamtara, 518 households are affected as brought forth
by the census survey, accounting for 56% of the total affected households in the
subproject section. As seen in Dhanbad, maximum number of households (220HH) i.e.
43% would incur impact on their agriculture land followed by affect on residential assets
(36%). In addition, 10% of the total affected households (518) in Jamtara would bear an
impact on their commercial assets while another 11% on their residential cum commercial
assets. As in the case in Dhanbad, we can see that the project impacts are largely on the
source of livelihood of the affected households followed by that on their living quarters.
69 of the total affected households were absent during the census survey. Of these 69
HH, 55 HH are from Dhanbad whereas the rest (14 HH) are from Jamtara. These HH
have been indicated as absent in the relevant data tables.
A. VULNERABILITY
There are certain sections of the society who are placed at the lower wrung of the
development ladder due to their socio-economic status hence making them vulnerable in
the process. Some of these socio-economically vulnerable households as identified and
that would be affected as a result of the Package I construction comprise of - a) families
below poverty line (BPL) category; b) Female headed household (FHH); c) Scheduled
Caste (SC); d) Scheduled Tribe (ST); e) families headed by elderly and f) those with
disability.
In order to give due attention to such households, such households were identified during
the course of the census survey and appropriate provisions to mitigate their losses as well
as special provisions to ensure that they are not further marginalized in the process have
been incorporated in the RP.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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The census survey brought forth that of the total affected 925 households in the
subproject section, 408 HH fall in the vulnerable category, comprising 44% of affected
households. Table 3.2 below enumerates the specific district wise socio-economic
vulnerable households.
Table 3.2: District wise Vulnerability Status of affected households
Type Of Vulnerability
District wise Number of Affected Households
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s
In %age In No.s
In %age
BPL 33 8.11
15 2.90
48
Disabled 2 0.49
1 0.19
3
Elderly 25 6.14
84 16.22
109
FHH 2 0.49
4 0.77
6
MF 27 6.63
2 0.39
29
SC 3 0.74
23 4.44
26
ST 25 6.14
58 11.20
83
More Than One 99 24.32
5 0.97
104
NA 191 46.93
326 62.93
517
Grand Total 407 HH 100.00
518 HH 100.00
925 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
The data reveals that, the maximum number (27%) of households among these 408
vulnerable households comprise of the households headed by elderly, followed by 20%
ST HHs. Amongst the ST HHs, the dominant ST group came forth as Santhals. A
detailed description of the socio-economic profile of the IP population in the subproject
section is given in Chapter 4.
Additionally, 48 households among the total vulnerable households are living below
poverty line. The census findings show that 25% (104 HH) of the total 408 vulnerable
households comprise of those who suffer from multiple vulnerabilities.
B. FAMILY STRUCTURE
The survey findings are reflective of the urban trends emerging in the subproject section
as 45% (383 HH) of the total surveyed households (856 HH) are living in nuclear families.
Of these 383 affected households with nuclear family, the majority 212 HHs were
concentrated in Jamtara (55%) whereas the remaining 171 HH (45%) are in Dhanbad.
This is interesting as it indicates that the urban pattern of nuclear families is more visible
in Jamtara than in Dhanbad, which is an established urban town in the State.
Also, it was seen that 33% of the total surveyed households (856 HH) continue to live in
joint family system wherein 10-15 members reside together with a common kitchen
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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whereas 23% households live in the extended family system with more than 16 members
living together. It is pertinent to note that in both the cases the maximum number of joint
and extended family type households are in Jamtara indicating the urban character of
Dhanbad viz-a viz Jamtara.
C. EDUCATIONAL STATUS
In the subproject area, the resettlement census survey showed very low rates of
educational attainments amongst the respondent interviewed in the affected households
as 36% (332 HH) of them were found to be illiterate while another 3% of them were able
to read and write as well as do basic mathematical calculations (functional literate).
Only 20% (186 HH) of the respondents had completed their primary level of education.
Interestingly the maximum number of such respondents were found in Jamtara as
compared to Dhanbad, which being an urban town has more centres of learning.
Additionally, another 12% have reached the secondary level of formal education while
less than half of this (5%) have studied up to higher secondary level. Further, there were
only 24 graduates and 5 postgraduates found in the sub project area suggesting the lower
levels of educational attainments viz-a-viz higher level of education.
During the interactions with affected households, it was seen that one of the reasons cited
for such low levels of literacy levels among the households was the poor condition of the
existing road and the consequent poor transport services. Very few and irregular public
and private run transport services are available for the general community and these are
usually overloaded with people making it unsafe for many especially children. This limits
their choice of educational centres especially for higher levels that are usually in major
towns or districts.
Table 3.3 details the educational attainments of the respondents of the affected
households:
Table 3.3 :District wise Description of Educational Attainment
Educational Status
District
Grand Total
Dhanbad Jamtara
In No.S In %Age
In No.S In %Age
Absent 55 13.51 14 2.70 69
Functional Literacy 13 3.19 12 2.32 25
Graduate 16 3.93 8 1.54 24
Higher Secondary 28 6.88 22 4.25 50
Illiterate 113 27.76 219 42.28 332
Middle 53 13.02 71 13.71 124
No Response 2 0.49 1 0.19 3
Post Graduate 3 0.74 2 0.39 5
Primary 63 15.48 123 23.75 186
Secondary 61 14.99 46 8.88 107
Grand Total 407 HH 100.00 518 HH 100.00 925 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
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D. PRIMARY SOURCE OF INCOME
The State of Jharkhand is blessed with both agricultural land as well as rich mineral
resources with many key national industries like Bokaro Steel Plant, Tata Steel Plant etc
situated here. However, agriculture remains the mainstay of the economy with more than
80% of the population depending directly or indirectly on it. This is substantiated in the
findings of the census survey in the subproject section where 14% of the affected
households (925 HH) derive their source of income solely from agriculture. Only 5% of the
households depend on trade or business to earn their living.
Following from the low educational attainments of the respondents (Table 3.3) it can be
gauged that with low levels of education, the skills and knowledge of many persons would
be inadequate to warrant higher paying jobs. This is indicated by the fact that 3% of the
total affected households deriver their livelihood from non-agriculture labour that involves
construction activities, masonry while only there were only 6 households in subproject
section who depend solely on government service for their living.
The survey reveals that 67% of the affected households depend on more than one source
of income or their livelihood. As mentioned earlier, the majority of people depend on
agriculture for their living. Yet the State as a whole has not been able to realize the
optimum level of agricultural productivity. This is can be attributed to heavy dependence
on monsoon which is rather erratic than irrigation, frequent spells of floods as well as
droughts, small land holdings and low levels of farm mechanization. This largely forces
people to depend on multiple sources of income which include income earned from
diverse economic activities like wage labour activities (agriculture as well as non-
agriculture), forestry which involves selling basic forest produce like mahua, tendu leaves
as well as fuel wood, dairy etc depending on the opportunity for the same. The various
sources of income of the affected households in the subproject section is enumerated in
Table 3.4 below:
Table 3.4: District wise Description of the Sources of Income
Sources Of Income
District wise Number of Affected Households
Dhanbad Jamtara Grand Total
In No.s In %age
In No.s
In %age
Agriculture 57 14.00 75 14.48 132
Agricultural Labour 1 0.25 - 0.00 1
Allied Agriculture 2 0.49 1 0.19 3
Non Agriculture Labour
11 2.70 19 3.67 30
Trade/Business 10 2.46 37 7.14 47
Any Other 4 0.98 6 1.16 10
Government Service 6 1.47 - 0.00 6
Private Service 1 0.25 - 0.00 1
Profession 9 2.21 - 0.00 9
Pension 1 0.25 - 0.00 1
More Than One 250 61.43 366 70.66 616
Absent 55 13.51 14 2.70 69
Grand Total 407 100.00 518 100.00 925
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
3.4 Gender Impacts of the subproject A. Gender Analysis
Like many other countries in the developing world, Indian women too fare worse than men
on most of the social indicators. Gender Development Index (GDI) which adjusts the
average achievement of each country in life expectancy, educational attainment and
income in accordance with the disparity in achievement between women and men, is a
powerful tool for tracking the trends in women‟s development. India with GDI value of
0.591 ranks 96th
in the World (UNDP Human Development Indicators 2004) - this exhibits
the lower value placed on women in India.
In comparison to the all-India sex ratio of 933 females per 1000 males, the state of JH
fares better off with a sex ratio of 941 females per 1000 males (Census 2001). The
subproject district wise sex ratio in purview of national context, the three subproject
districts of Jharkhand have a higher ratio than the national ratio.
Literacy rate is another parameter to assess the status of women in the society. Table 3.5
below presents the literacy rate among the male and female population at the national,
state and project districts level. The literacy rate prevalent in Jamtara is almost equal to
the national level and higher than the state average while in Dhanbad it is higher than
both the national and state levels. This can be attributed to the fact that Dhanbad is one of
the most industrialized districts of Jharkhand thus better and higher numbers of basic
services like education, medical etc are found here. In both the districts, female literacy
rate is lower than the male literacy rate.
Table 3.5: Literacy rate of the Project districts
S.No. State/Districts Literacy rate (%)
Male Female
1. India 65.38 75.96 54.28
2. Jharkhand 54.13 67.64 38.39
3. Dhanbad 74 79 68
4. Jamtara 66 75 57
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
Through the discussions and consultations held with the women, villagers and teachers in
the project area, it was found that at the primary level the enrolment ratio of male and
female is 50:50 but as the level increases the number of the female enrolment decreases
with a sharp dropout particularly after the middle school amongst the girls. One of the
reasons quoted for the dropout amongst girls was voiced as the unavailability of higher
schools in and around the village and the lack of connectivity to the higher level education
due to which many households on security and mobility grounds decline from sending
their girls to school outside the village.
The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in the state of Jharkhand is 504 maternal deaths per
100,000 live births against the national MMR of 540. The majority of the child births in the
Project area and villages, as shared by the Anganwadi and local community, take place at
home by the traditional Dais (midwives). In some tribal villages, women shared usage of
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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axe for cutting of the umbilical cord of the newly born baby by the local dais raising
serious concerns on aspects of health, and hygiene issues. On discussion with women
groups, it was found that the major health problems faced by the women in the project
area comprise of malaria, anemia, maternal anemia, jaundice and sexually transmitted
diseases (STI). For the treatment of these diseases, in majority of the cases women either
access the Public Health Centres in the villages or to the local doctors (quacks) and
ANM‟s. Only in case of the serious health problem, they go to the Hospitals situated in the
nearest districts. Women pointed one of the barriers to accessing health facilities out as
poor road condition. They shared that since the road condition is so poor that they largely
take recourse to the medicine given by the local quacks for their ailments. Accessing
health facilities become near impossible for many during night time and during rainy
season particularly during child birth risking the life of both mother and child in case of
emergencies.
Gender analysis was also undertaken during the course of the social assessments to look
into the current status and needs of the women in the study area and the potential impact
of the Project on them by means of undertaking PRA techniques such as decision-
making, mobility mapping etc. In addition, series of FGD‟s were held with women
belonging to various socio-economic groups in the subproject /package area to capture
women‟s collective perceptions about social, economic and cultural norms and their ability
to access facilities. Women‟s were also consulted to take their views and perceptions on
the Project impacts.
B. Gender impacts of the Project The augmentation of road network and services, as per the women participants, will have
far-reaching impacts on them and their lives. Firstly, they expressed that their mobility will
be greatly enhanced. The Project would definitely augment the frequency and quality of
the transport, thereby further improving access of women to various services and by and
large women of various castes and communities on each of the project packages
expressed the need for the road construction. They were of the opinion that they will
especially benefit from the Project, since their mobility will be augmented both in terms of
access to social services, as well as access to higher levels of schooling. The road
construction would also considerably augment their access to higher levels of health care
outside the village. In other words, the Project will provide both men and women and offer
special benefits to women by increasing the opportunity for girls to access middle level
and higher education, and the access for women and children to improved local services
and higher levels of health care outside the village.
However, in terms of safety, women voiced some concerns particularly with regard to the
safety of their children as they were of the opinion that the widening & up gradation of the
road would increase the number of the vehicles thereby increasing the safety hazards for
children, elderly as well as women. Another negative impact of the project considered by
women is the loss of the assets that includes the land, houses and other assets.
The Project is anticipated to have direct adverse impacts on 36 FHHs of which 31 are in
Dhanbad and only 5 in Jamtara. Table 3.6 below enumerates the impacts on Female
headed households (FHH). As enumerated in the Table below, the majority of the FHH
will incur impact on their agricultural assets. 8 FHHs would bear an impact on more than
one type of their asset as indicated in table 3.6.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Table 3.6: District wise impact on Female headed households
Type of Loss
Name of the District
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s In
%age
In
No.s In
%age
Agriculture 21 67.74 3 60.00 24
Residential 2 6.45 2 40.00 4
Agriculture + Tree 5 16.13 - - 5
Agriculture+ Irrigation Unit +
Trees 1 3.23 - - 1
Residential+ Agricultural+ Trees
1 3.23 - - 1
Residential+ Agriculture
1 3.23 - - 1
Grand Total 31 HH 100.00 5 HH 100.00 36 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
However, adequate provisions have therefore been made in this RP to provide additional
assistance to these FHH so as to restore their livelihood.
3.5 TYPES OF PROJECT IMPACTS
The resettlement census survey brought forth that 925 HH would be affected in the
subproject area. From the data, it was ascertained that 48% of the affected households
would incur loss of agricultural assets, 30% of residential assets, 8% of Residential cum
Commercial, another 8% of commercial assets while 5% on multiple assets. This has
been presented in table 3.1.
3.5.1 IMPACT ON AGRICULTURAL ASSETS
The data from the census survey brought forth that 782 HH would bear an impact on their
agricultural assets. Of these 782 HH, 48% of the HH are from Dhanbad while the rest of
the 52% HH are from Jamtara.
A. TYPE OF LAND
The census survey revealed that all the affected plots belong to titleholders. As
aforementioned only 14% of the affected households (925 HH), depend solely on
agriculture for their livelihood despite the fact that majority of the people in the State as a
whole depend on agriculture for their livelihood. One of the prime reasons for the same is
the heavy dependency on monsoon which is erratic than on regular means of irrigation
leading to low agricultural productivity. This is reflected in the findings of the survey (See
table 3.7) where 86% of the total affected plots are unirrigated implying that most of the
cultivators depend heavily on the annual monsoon for cultivation. Only 14% of the total
affected plots are irrigated.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Table 3.7: District wise Description of type of land
Type Of Land
District wise Number Of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s In %age
In No.s In %age
Irrigated 81 21.77 21 5.12 102
NA - - 9 2.20 9
Unirrigated 291 78.23 380 92.68 671
Grand Total 372 100.00 410 100.00 782 Plots
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
B. EXTENT OF LOSS
The analysis of the impact ratio on affected plots brought forth that 26% of the total
affected households would lose more than 10% of their total land holding, thereby
incurring “significant” impact as per the ADB policy.
Maximum number of affected plots (52%) would incur an impact of 01 - 05%. This is
followed by 15% of the affected plots bearing an impact on 5-10%. Table 3.8 enumerates
the extent of loss incurred.
Table 3.8: District wise Description of the Extent of Loss of Agricultural
land
Extent Of Loss
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s In
%age
In No.s In
%age
01 – 05% 147 39.52 262 63.90 409
05 – 10% 43 11.56 71 17.32 114
More Than 10 % 133 35.75 68 16.59 201
NA - - 9 2.20 9
Absent 49 13.17 - - 49
Grand Total 372
plots 100.00 410 plots 100.00 782 plots
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
C. VIABILITY OF THE RESIDUAL LAND
As aforementioned, in the entire subproject section, the census survey identified 782 plots
that would suffer an impact on their agricultural assets. However, as can be seen from the
Table 3.9, only 89 of them would be rendered non-viable for further cultivation.
The census brought forth the preference of the households to whom these plots belong on
whether they would like to retain the residual land or not. It is seen that the households
losing 4 of these affected plots would like that the project should acquire the residual land,
as they do not deem it viable for further use. They are of the opinion that they would not
be able to use the residual land as not much of it would be left after acquisition. Hence
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
- 25 -
they would like that the project acquire the entire plot and award compensation for the
same.
On the other hand, the households to whom the rest 89 affected plots belong opined that
they would like to retain the rest of the land. There were primarily two reasons for the
same. Firstly, many people attached sentimental reasons to the land, as it is their primary
source of income as well as part of family legacy. Secondly, many opined that with the
widening of the road, they could put the residual land to some other use (commercial).
Table 3.9: District wise Distribution of Perception on Viability of Residual land
In Case Residual Land Becomes Non
Viable
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara Grand Total
In No.s In
%age
In No.s In
%age
Absent 49 13.17 - - 49
NA 251 67.47 393 95.85 644
No, Would Like To Retain The Land 72 19.35 13 3.17 85
Yes - - 4 0.98 4
Grand Total 372 Plots 100.00 410 Plots 100.00 782 Plots
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
3.5.2. IMPACT ON RESIDENTIAL ASSETS
In the subproject section, 287 residential assets would be affected by way of the project.
Further, it is seen that all the affected residential assets belong to legal titleholders. Table
3.10 enumerates the ownership pattern of the affected residential assets in the subproject
section.
Table 3.10: District wise Description of Ownership pattern
Legality Of
Structure
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s In
%age
In No.s In
%age
Owner 100 100.00 187 100.00 287
Grand Total 100 ASSETS
100.00 187 ASSETS
100.00 287 ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
A. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
During the IPSA10F
11 Study as well as census survey it was noticed that the majority of the
residential structures in the subproject section are of the Kutcha type which are houses
made of hay and mud. In the subproject section, 48% of the residential structures affected
11
Refer IPSA Report 2007
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
- 26 -
are of the Kutcha type while 15% were of the semi pucca type, which would generally
mean that these are made of mud with a tin roof. However, only 8% of the residential
structures were of the pucca or RCC type.
Table 3.11: District wise Description of Type of Construction of Affected Residential
Assets
Type Of Construction
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara Grand Total
In No.s In %age
In No.s In %age
Kutcha 42 42.00 95 50.80 137
NA 44 44.00 41 21.93 85
Pucca 8 8.00 14 7.49 22
Semi Pucca 6 6.00 37 19.79 43
Grand Total 100
ASSETS 100.00 187
ASSETS 100.00 287 ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
B. PORTION OF RESIDENTIAL ASSET GETTING AFFECTED
As shared earlier, 287 residential assets would be affected by way of the project.
However, it does not imply that the living quarters of the affected households would be
affected as many households would bear an impact on the homestead land available in
front of their homes or on empty plots of land.
As seen in table 3.12 below, maximum number of assets would have an impact on the
main structure of the assets accounting for 64% of the total affected residential assets.
This is related to the proximity of the structure to the existing road as the closer it is to the
road, the more chances of it to be affected by the project. In addition, 82 assets would
have an impact on the homestead land and not on the main structure directly. In case of
the remaining structures, the impact would be on various portions of the assets like
boundary wall, garden area etc.
Table 3.12: District wise Description of the type of Impact on Residential assets
Parts Of Asset Getting Affected
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s
In %age
In No.s
In %age
Main Structure 46 46.00 139 74.33 185
Plot/Land 42 42.00 40 21.39 82
Boundary Wall - - 1 0.53 1
More Than One 12 12.00 7 3.74 19
Grand Total 100
ASSETS 100.00 187
ASSETS 100.00 287
ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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C. SEVERITY OF IMPACT
The data reveals that with the impact on the residential structures (287), 35% of them
would be rendered non-livable or that the severity of the impact would make these not fit
for further living thus warranting relocation and rehabilitation measures for the same.
However, the rest 65% of them will have minor impact not affecting the complete structure
as such. This is enumerated in Table 3.13:
Table 3.13: District wise Description of the Severity of Impact
Severity Of Impact
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara Grand Total
In No.s
In %age
In No.s
In %age
Livable 71 71.00 115 61.50 186
Non Livable 29 29.00 72 38.50 101
Grand Total 100
ASSETS 100.00 187
ASSETS 100.00 287
ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
D. RELOCATION AND REHABILITATION MEASURES
As aforementioned, though 287 assets would be affected by the project, only 101 assets
would incurr severe impact thereby making them non-livable. The suggestions and
choices of affected HHs (to whom the severely affected structures belonged) regarding
the relocation options were taken during the census survey. It was found that 50 HH
opined for self-relocation options. This was mainly because they have land available on
which they could shift their residential structures as well as their mistrust of the relocation
site chosen by the government as most of them preferred to relocate within the village
itself. However, the rest of the 50 affected (excluding one absent landlord) households
voiced their desire that they would want the project to assist them relocating to another
site preferred by them.
All of the affected households unanimously expressed need for adequate and timely
compensation.
The following table enumerates the relocation option chosen by the affected households.
Table 3.14: District wise Description of Perception of R&R
Type Of Relocation
Option
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara Grand Total
In No.s In %age In No.s In %age
Project Assisted 17 17.00 33 17.65 50
Self Relocation 11 11.00 39 20.86 50
Absent 1 1.00 - - 1
NA 71 71.00 115 61.50 186
Grand Total 100 HH 100.00 187 HH 100.00 287 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
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3.5.3. IMPACT ON COMMERCIAL STRUCTURES
The subproject road traverses through some commercial centers thereby affecting
commercial enterprises. The resettlement census survey identified 72 commercial assets
operated by 72 households in the subproject section, which would be affected by the
Project construction. These are usually small commercial enterprises operated along the
road as it profitable. Further, majority (53 assets) of these are situated in Jamtara.
As seen in table 3.15, 61% of the affected commercial assets belong to titleholders
whereas the 33% are being operated by squatters on the Government ROW. Further,
encroachers operate another 6% of the commercial enterprises.
Table 3.15: District wise Description of Ownership pattern
Legality Of Affected Structures
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara Grand Total
In No.s
In %age
In No.s
In %age
Owner 14 73.68 30 56.60 44
Squatter 3 15.79 21 39.62 24
Encroacher 2 10.53 2 3.77 4
Grand Total 19
ASSETS 100.00
53 ASSETS
100.00 72 ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
A. TYPE OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
The commercial enterprises affected by the project are of various types (See table 3.16).
It is seen that 81% of the affected commercial assets are run as shops selling a variety of
goods like stationery and other general items while 15% are hotels/dhabas. Additionally
one of the affected assets is kiosks/gumti selling paan and confectionaries while one
private clinic is also affected by the project.
Table 3.16: District wise Description of the Type of Affected Commercial Enterprises
Type Of Commercial Enterprise
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s In %age
In No.s In %age
Gumti 1 5.26 - - 1
Hotel/Dhaba 7 36.84 4 7.55 11
Pvt.Clinic - - 1 1.89 1
Shop 10 52.63 48 90.57 58
Workshop 1 5.26 - - 1
Grand Total 19 ASSETS 100.00 53 ASSETS 100.00 72 ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
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B. CONSTRUCTION TYPE
The census survey brought forth that the majority (35%) of the affected assets are of the
semi pucca type, which are usually made of mud and a tin roof while 29% of them are of
the Kutcha type made of mud and hay. However only 21% of them are of the pucca or
RCC type and interestingly the majority of these are in Jamtara as opposed to those in
Dhanbad, which is an commercial centre. Table 3.17 details out the same.
Table 3.17: District wise Description of type of Construction of the Affected Assets
Type Of Construction
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s
In %age
In No.s
In %age
Kutcha 7 36.84 14 26.42 21
NA 1 5.26 10 18.87 11
Pucca 3 15.79 12 22.64 15
Semi Pucca 8 42.11 17 32.08 25
Grand Total 19
ASSETS 100.00 53
ASSETS 100.00 72
ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
C. PORTION OF THE COMMERCIAL ASSET GETTING AFFECTED
68% of the 72 commercial assets would be incur impact on their main structure whereas
6% of the assets would bear impact on the plot or land available in front of the enterprise.
The number of assets bearing an affect on its main structure is also due to the presence
of squatters and encroachers who usually run their commercial enterprises close to the
road. Further, the project would affect more than one portion of 24% of the total affected
commercial enterprises.
Table 3.18: District wise description of the Type of Impact on the Commercial Assets
Portion Getting Affected
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara Grand Total
In No.s
In %age
In No.s
In %age
Boundary Wall 2 10.53 - - 2
Main Structure 15 78.95 34 64.15 49
Plot/Land 1 5.26 3 5.66 4
More Than One 1 5.26 16 30.19 17
Grand Total 19
ASSETS 100.00 53
ASSETS 100.00 72 ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
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D. SEVERITY OF IMPACT
The census findings reveal that though 49 assets would bear a direct impact on their main
structure. However not all of them would be rendered non-livable for further use, as a
result of this impact. In other words, the project would severely affect 45 assets thereby
making them unfit for further use and necessitating relocation and rehabilitation options.
Rest of the commercial assets accounting for 27 assets would suffer minor impacts on the
their structure.
Table 3.19: District wise Description of the Severity of Impact
Severity Of Impact
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s
In %age
In No.s
In %age
Livable 1 5.26 26 49.06 27
Non Livable 18 94.74 27 50.94 45
Grand Total 19
ASSETS 100.00 53
ASSETS 100.00 72
ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
E. RELOCATION AND REHABILITATION MEASURES
During census survey, the households incurring impact on commercial enterprises shared
their relocation and rehabilitation preferences. The survey brought forth that 51% of these
affected households would self-relocate themselves as they have sufficient land within the
villages itself where they could rehabilitate by themselves. However, the remaining 49%
HHs opted for project assisted relocation within the villages itself. All of them voiced their
need of being paid adequate and timely compensation.
Table 3.20: District wise Description of Perception on R&R
Relocation Options
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In
No.s In
%age
In No.s In
%age
Project Assisted 5 26.32 17 32.08 22
Self Relocation 13 68.42 10 18.87 23
NA 1 5.26 26 49.06 27
Grand Total 19 HH 100.00 53 HH 100.00 72 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
F. IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES
The census survey brought forth that the 72 affected commercial enterprises affected by
the project, employed 25 employees. Due to the project, these employee households
would bear a temporary impact on their source of living. Hence, a onetime financial
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assistance to the tune of sixty days of minimum wages as fixed by the government is
provided for them in the RP entitlements.
G. IMPACT ON TENANTS
The resettlement census survey has further identified 24 tenants operating their
commercial enterprise among the 72 affected commercial assets. To minimize the effects
of the project on these tenant households as well as to address the issue of the temporary
income loss, adequate provisions have been incorporated in the RP.
3.5.4 IMPACT ON RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL ASSETS
Apart from the loss of agriculture land, residential as well as commercial assets, the
project would also affect those assets, which are used as the living quarter of the affected
households as well as small commercial enterprises are operated in the same called
Residential cum Commercial assets. The census has identified 77 such assets belonging
to 77 HHs. As seen in table 3.21, 96% of these assets belong to legal titleholders while
3% of them belong to squatters who usually use the Government ROW for the same. One
of the prime reasons for this is that these households do not have land near the roadside
or elsewhere in the village. Only one percent of those affected comprised of encroachers.
Table 3.21: District wise Description of Ownership Pattern
Legality Of Structure
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s In %age
In No.s In %age
Owner 19 100.00 55 94.83 74
Squatter - - 2 3.45 2
Encroacher - - 1 1.72 1
Grand Total 19
ASSETS 100.00 58
ASSETS 100.00 77
ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
B. TYPE OF COMMERCIAL ASSETS BEING AFFECTED
The census survey revealed that these assets are of various types. The shops selling
basic items like stationery and other household goods accounting for 88% of the total
affected assets. In addition another 9% of the affected assets are run as hotels/dhabas
while one gumti/kiosk as well as one private clinic is affected by the project. Table 3.22
enumerates the type of commercial enterprises run in the subproject section.
Table 3.22: District wise Description of Type of Commercial Assets being Affected
Type Of Commercial
Assets Being Affected
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In %age
In %age
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In No.s In No.s
Gumti 1 5.26 - - 1
Pvt. Clinic - - 1 1.72 1
Shop 14 73.68 54 93.10 68
Hotel/Dhaba 4 21.05 3 5.17 7
Grand Total 19
ASSETS 100.00 58
ASSETS 100.00 77
ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
C. CONSTRUCTION TYPE
During the census survey it was seen that the majority of the residential cum commercial
assets affected by the project comprise of semi pucca structure that are usually made of
mud walls with a tin roof. The survey identified 28 such assets accounting for 36% of the
total affected assets. Further another 30% of the assets are of the pucca type while only
21% are the Kutcha types made of mud and hay.
Table 3.23: District wise Description of the Construction Type of Affected R&C Structures
Type Of Construction
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s
In %age
In No.s In %age
Kutcha 3 15.79 13 22.41 16
Pucca 3 15.79 20 34.48 23
Semi Pucca 10 52.63 18 31.03 28
NA 3 15.79 7 12.07 10
Grand Total 19
ASSETS 100.00 58
ASSETS 100.00 77
ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
D. PORTION OF THE R&C ASSET AFFECTED
During the survey, it was found that majority of the residential cum commercial assets
affected by the project would bear an impact on the main structure of the asset (See
Table 3.24). This is largely due to the close proximity of the same to the existing road with
very little land/plot in front of the structure. The project would affect the main structure of
83% of the total affected assets. However, 13% of the affected residential cum
commercial assets would bear an impact on the plot/land available in front of the asset
thereby not affecting the main structure directly.
Table 3.24: District wise Description of Portion getting Affected
Portion Getting Affected
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara
Grand Total
In No.s In %age
In No.s
In %age
Boundary Wall - - 1 1.72 1
Main Structure 16 84.21 48 82.76 64
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Plot/Land 3 15.79 7 12.07 10
More Than One - - 2 3.45 2
Grand Total 19
ASSETS 100.00 58
ASSETS 100.00 77
ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
E. SEVERITY OF IMPACT
Though the census has identified 64 residential cum commercial assets incurring an
impact on the main structure, it is important to note that not all of them would be
severely affected so as to be rendered non livable. It is seen that 22 assets would be
severely impacted by the project and hence warrant relocation and rehabilitation
options for the same. However rest of the affected assets, i.e. 55 of them would bear a
minor impact on the same. This is enumerated in Table 3.25:
Table 3.25: District wise Description of the Severity of Impact
Severity Of Impact
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara Grand Total
In No.s
In %age
In No.s
In %age
Livable 13 68.42 42 72.41 55
Non Livable 6 31.58 16 27.59 22
Grand Total 19
ASSETS 100.00 58
ASSETS 100.00 77
ASSETS
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
H. RELOCATION AND REHABILITATION MEASURES
The census survey has brought forth the various relocation and rehabilitation options
preferred by the affected households especially of the 22 households whose residential
cum commercial assets would be severely impacted by the project. It is seen that 50% of
these affected households (22 HH) would prefer to relocate their assets within the village
by themselves and not project assistance for the same. On the other hand, rest 50% of
them sought project assistance for relocating and rehabilitating their assets. The
interactions with these affected households reveal that they feel it is the moral
responsibility of the government to provide for them. Further, all of them stressed on the
payment of fair, adequate and timely compensation for the loss of their assets.
Table 3.26: District wise description of Perception of R&R
Relocation Options
Districtwise Number of Affected Plots
Dhanbad Jamtara Grand Total
In No.s
In %age
In No.s In %age
NA 13 68.42 42 72.41 55
Prject Assisted 5 26.32 6 10.34 11
Self Relocation 1 5.26 10 17.24 11
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Grand Total 19 HH 100.00 58 HH 100.00 77 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
F. IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES
The census survey has identified 7 employees in the total 77 affected residential cum commercial assets who would experience temporary disruption of livelihood. To address the same, provisions have been made in the RP in terms of provision for providing two months minimum wages as fixed by the government.
G. IMPACT ON TENANTS
Of the 77 affected residential cum commercial assets affected by the project, the census revealed the presence of 15 tenants in these. Hence, special provisions have been incorporated in the RP to minimize the adverse effects of the project on these households in terms of provision three month rentals. 3.6 AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION The census survey brought forth that 41% of the 925 affected households were aware
about the project largely through technical surveys being undertaken along the alignment
as well as information disseminated by Government officers.
Despite this 24% of the affected households were not aware about the project at all. It
was only during the resettlement census survey they got to know about the proposed
project.
17% of the affected households regarded the project as relevant and necessary for them
as well as the community as a whole. They expressed their approval of the project as it
would initiate the process of development for the villages and enhance connectivity to
essential services (medical, education etc), the major districts as well as commercial
centers.
On the other hand, 43% of the affected households did not favour the project largely on
account of the losses incurred by them in terms of their assets as well as sources of
livelihood. Additionally, though improved roads would mean better transport facility it also
meant increased frequency of road/motor accidents as well as threat to the children
playing near the road. Hence, considering all these factors, these households object to
the project.
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CHAPTER 4:
IMPACT ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THE PROJECT AREA
4.1. Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand
The Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in Jharkhand as per 2001 census constitutes of
7,087,068 thereby constituting 26.3 per cent of the total population. Among all States
and UTs, Jharkhand holds 6th and 10th ranks in terms of the ST population and the
percentage share of the ST population to the total population of the State respectively.
The growth of the ST population has been 17.3 per cent, which is lower by 6 per cent
if compared with the growth of the State‟s total population (23.3 per cent) during 1991-
2001. The state has a total of thirty (30) Scheduled Tribes and all of them have been
enumerated at 2001 census. The Scheduled Tribes are primarily rural as 91.7 per
cent of them reside in villages.
Amongst the two districts through which Package I road section traverses, it can be
seen that the ST‟s constitute 32% of the total population in Jamtara while only 8% in
Dhanbad.
Table 4.1: District wise ST population
Districts Total Population ST Population (in numbers)
ST Population (in Percentage)
1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001
Dhanbad 1791645 2195226 146509 173412 8.18 7.90
Jamtara 544874 653081 178199 206664 32.70 31.64
Source: Census Report, 2001
The subproject road package runs through two districts – Dhanbad and Jamtara that
form an integral part of the region known as the “Santhal pargana” in the state with
the Santhals being the major tribal group in the project area. It is interesting to note
that out of thirty (30) Scheduled Tribes (STs) notified for the State of Jharkhand,
Santhal is the most populous tribe having a population of 2,410,509, constituting 34
per cent of the total ST population of the State. Oraon, Munda and Ho are the next
largest tribes constituting 19.6, 14.8 and 10.5 per cent respectively of the total ST
population of the State.
4.2. Key impacts of the Project on ST Households
Taking into account the presence of STs in the area, detailed interactions and surveys
were undertaken with the ST households at the time of the initial poverty and social
assessment stage and then later at time of the census survey so as to:
a) study the current socio-economic and cultural status and practices of the ST
groups in the area; and
b) Ascertain the impact of the Project on their socio-economic status and culture.
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Attempts were made to study the differential patterns as well as impacts of the Project
on tribal and non-tribal communities living in the vicinity of the road section. The social
assessment carried out during Project preparation was considered largely beneficial
and positive. The socio-economic and occupational/income data collected and
analysed and the discussions undertaken with the IP groups clearly brought forth that
the STs/indigenous households have similar characteristics to the overall population
and are largely assimilated into the local mainstream communities. This can be
largely attributed to the fact that the road to be improved under the Project has been
in existence for past few decades with the ST as well as non-ST households being
exposed to the outside world and scenario.
Despite the significant proportion of STs in the region and amongst the affected
households, the analysis of impacts and losses did not bring forth any “significant” risk
and impact on the socio-economic and cultural lives and patterns of the ST
households. The Project will also not have any adverse differential impact on their
socio-cultural aspects.
As voiced by the ST households during community consultations and as derived from
the census survey, the only adverse impact of the Project on the tribals would be in
terms of involuntary resettlement impacts. In majority of the cases, this impact would
be on unirrigated agriculture land (ranging from mostly 1-5 % of total land holding)
and in some cases on structures. However, with the mitigation measures provided for
in the Entitlement Matrix in the RP there will be little impact on their socio-economic
activities.
The Indigenous People Screening checklist below summarises the impact of the
Project on the tribal population in the area:
Table 4.2: Impact of the Project on Indigenous People and groups along Package –
II: Jamtara- Dumka
Impact on tribal peoples Yes No Remarks or identified
problems, if any
Are there tribal groups present
in project locations?
Presence of Santhal population was noted along
the sub project road section from Dhanbad-
Jamtara.
Do they maintain distinctive
customs or economic activities
that may make them vulnerable
to hardship?
Like the other population group in the area
comprising of OBC, SC and general caste groups,
the tribal too are engaged in subsistence
agriculture. However, due to the lack of irrigation
sources in the area, majority of the tribal as well
as non-tribal groups are engaged in more than
one activity namely agriculture, wage labour and
in some cases small businesses for fulfillment of
their livelihood needs.
Hence, as such no distinctive custom or economic
activity is being undertaken by ST households in
the area.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Will the sub-project restrict
their economic and social
activity and make them
particularly vulnerable in the
context of project?
As voiced by the ST households during
community consultations and as derived from the
census survey, the only adverse impact of the
Project on the tribals would be in terms of
involuntary resettlement impacts.
In majority of the cases, this impact would be on
unirrigated agriculture land (ranging from mostly 1-
5 % of total land holding) and in some cases on
structures. However, with the mitigation measures
provided for in the Entitlement Matrix in the RP.
There will be little impact on their socio-economic
activities.
Will the sub-project change
their socioeconomic and
cultural integrity? 11F
12
As mentioned in previous sections, no differences
(except for a few festivals) were noticed between
the ST and non-ST households in the area. The
ST households are largely assimilated with the
mainstream population. Hence the subproject will
not have any impact on their socio-economic and
cultural integrity patterns.
Also it is pertinent to note that the road to be
improved under the Project is not a new road and
has been in existence for last few decades.
Hence, the area and population is frequently
exposed to outside culture and population.
Will the sub-project disrupt
their community life?
Will the sub-project positively
affect their health, education,
livelihood, or social security
status?
IP households were positive about the subproject
and regard it as beneficial and positive for their
own development. One of the key benefits of the
project will be in terms of improved access to
employment, income, health, education facilities
and better transportation12F
13.
Will the sub-project negatively
affect their health, education,
livelihood, or social security
status?
No negative impacts of this nature have surfaced
during the detailed assessments and while
interacting with the community
12
That is, undermine their production systems and the maintenance and transmission of their cultural patterns.
13 The details of the interactions with IP groups and the Project impacts and benefits on them are
discussed and detailed in Chapter 7 on IPSA Report.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Will the sub-project alter or
undermine the recognition of
their knowledge, preclude
customary behaviors, or
undermine customary
institutions?
The detailed assessments undertaken at the time
of IPSA and census survey did not bring forth any
such risks.
In case there is no disruption
of tribal community life as a
whole, will there be loss of
housing, loss of land, crops,
trees, and other fixed assets
owned or controlled by
individual tribal households?
The only adverse impact of the Project on the
tribals would be in terms of involuntary
resettlement impacts. A total of 114 ST
households will be affected by the Project.
In majority of the cases, this impact would be on
unirrigated agriculture land (ranging from mostly 1-
5 % of their total land holding) and in some cases
on structures. The detailed analysis of the IR
impact on ST households is done in Section 4.3
below.
Adequate provisions have been incorporated into
the Entitlement Matrix (in the RP) to mitigate and
compensate for the same.
It would also be also worthwhile to note that the IP households were positive about
the subproject and did not feel that they will encounter any adverse socio-cultural or
economic impacts as a result of the Project. The Project however, is being seen as
beneficial and positive by them too for their own development. They voiced that the
project will benefit them socially and economically by improving access to
employment, income, socio-economic facilities and better transportation13F
14.
The improved road network is expected to augment access to socio-economic
facilities of tribal groups along with other sections of subproject population. The
subproject construction will not have any adverse consequences on the socio-
economic condition and would also not lead to any disruption in their community life or
culture of these communities.
The only adverse impact of the Project on the tribal households will be that of
involuntary resettlement resulting from road improvement activities. Specific mitigation
measures and provisions have been integrated into the Entitlement Matrix to ensure
that the impacts on tribal people are identified and addressed so as to ensure better
distribution of the Project benefits and promote development of the indigenous people
in the Project areas.
The following section presents the analysis of the data pertaining to the affected ST
households as identified in the census.
14
The details of the interactions with IP groups and the Project impacts and benefits on them are discussed and detailed in Chapter 7 on IPSA Report.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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4.3. Involuntary Resettlement Impact on ST Households
4.3.1 Number & Distribution of affected ST Households
Of the 925 affected households identified during the census, 114 households belong
to ST‟s accounting for 12% of the total affected households in the subproject section.
Further, of the 114 ST households, 28% of them comprised of those who fulfilled
multiple vulnerability category as they fall under various categories of vulnerability.
This included those families living below poverty line, headed by women or elderly,
having one or more members who are physically or mentally challenged etc.
As seen in Table 4.3, in terms of presence, the majority of the ST households i.e. 52%
reside in Jamtara and the rest 48% in Dhanbad. Dhanbad is one of the most
industrialised districts of the State and perhaps this is one of the prime reasons for
such low concentration of IP‟s in the district. Moreover, majority (52%) 14F
15 of the tribals
in the State are classified as cultivators in the worker‟s category.
Table 4.3: Districtwise distribution of Affected ST households
Status Name of the District Grand
Total Dhanbad Jamtara
Multiple Vulnerability 31 1 32
ST 24 58 82
Grand Total 55 HH 59 HH 114 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
4.3.2. Household Size
In the census survey, the urban trends of adopting a nuclear family system as against
the traditional system of joint family system are clearly visible in the subproject
section. This is substantiated in the findings of the census that reveal that 49% (56
HH) of the affected ST households comprise of nuclear family structure.
Additionally, 29% (33 HH) of the total affected ST households (114 HH) live in the
extended family system wherein more than 16 members of a family reside together.
More than half of these households resides in Jamtara while the rest in Dhanbad.
Only 22% of the affected ST households were seen to be living in the joint family
system in which 10-15 members reside together with a common kitchen.
Table 4.4: Districtwise Family size of Affected ST households
Family Type Name of the District Grand Total
Dhanbad Jamtara
Extended 11 22 33
Joint 15 10 25
15
Census Report, 2001
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Nuclear 29 27 56
Grand Total 55 HH 59 HH 114 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
4.3.3. Education Level of the ST Respondents
The census brought forth that the educational level of the respondents among the
affected ST households was not very high. Majority (58 HH) of the respondents were
found to be illiterate and this was higher among the respondents from Jamtara. In
addition, 3 respondents of the total respondents (114 HHs) were found with functional
literacy implying that they could read and write their names as well as do basic
mathematical calculations.
Only 16% of the respondents in the subproject section have completed their primary
level of formal education while only 19% their middle school. The census identified
only 3 respondents who have studied up to the higher secondary level and just 2
graduates. There were no postgraduates in the entire subproject sections indicating
lower levels of attainments for higher levels of education.
Table 4.5: Education Level of ST Asset Owners
Level of Education Name of the District Grand
Total Dhanbad Jamtara
Functional literacy 1 2 3
Graduate 1 1 2
Higher secondary 1 2 3
Illiterate 27 31 58
Middle 9 13 22
Primary 8 10 18
Secondary 8 - 8
Grand Total 55 HH 59 HH 114 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
4.3.4. Sources of Income of ST households
Though bestowed with rich mineral resources, 80% of the population of the project
state is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. And the
findings from the census survey testify to the same with 15% of the affected ST
households depending solely on agriculture for their livelihood.
However, due to erratic monsoon, low levels of farm mechanization as well as
irrigation facilities and small landholdings many households depend on more than one
economic source for earning their livelihood. The findings of the census survey too
reflect the same where we see that 82% of the affected ST household depend upon
multiple sources for earning a living. These are usually from diverse economic
activities like agriculture as well as non-agriculture labour, selling forest goods like
mahua, tendu leaves and fuel wood, dairy among others.
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Table 4.6: District wise Sources of Income of Affected ST households
Sources of Income Name of the District Grand Total
Dhanbad Jamtara
Agriculture 11 6 17
Multiple Source 41 53 94
Non agriculture labour 2 2
Trade/business 1 1
Grand Total 55 HH 59 HH 114 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
4.3.5. Types of Project Losses
The resettlement census survey in the subproject section has brought forth that
majority i.e. 54% of the affected ST households would incur an impact on their
agricultural land. Maximum numbers of these HH are in Jamtara as indicated in table
4.7.
Further, 32% of the total affected ST HH (114 HH), would bear an impact on their
residential assets only. In addition, there would be an impact on 5 residential cum
commercial assets which are assets used as residential quarters as well as some
commercial enterprise is operated in the same. Only 2 commercial assets belonging
to ST HH would be affected by the project which is in Jamtara. There are no losses of
commercial assets belonging to ST in Dhanbad.
Table 4.7 enumerates the various types of losses incurred by the 114 ST households.
Table 4.7: District wise type of Losses incurred by Affected ST HHs
Type Of Loss Name of the District Grand Total
Dhanbad Jamtara
Agriculture 26 36 62
Commercial - 2 2
Residential Cum Commercial 2 3 5
Residential 18 18 36
More than one 9 - 9
Grand Total 55 HH 59 HH 114 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
4.3.6. Anticipated Project Impacts
The total ST households in the subproject section account for 12% (114 HH) of the
925 affected households. The census survey brought forth the perception of the ST
HHs on project in terms of its relevance and necessity in their lives as well as for the
community as a whole. Table 4.8 details the perceptions of the ST households
regarding the same.
As seen in the table (table 4.8), 57% of the total affected ST households opined that
the project is required for the development of the community as a whole, even though;
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it meant loss of their assets. They reasoned that better roads would mean frequent
and regular transport services connecting them to main districts. Further, it would also
facilitate easy and quicker ways to access better services like education, medical,
government offices etc.
However, 40% of the ST HH objected to the project largely on account of the losses
incurred by them. For many it meant a loss of livelihood, homes as well as loss of
family legacy which, according to many was a high price to pay for the project.
Additionally they did not favour the conversion of the existing road to state highways
as that would mean heavy traffic movement thereby posing a threat to the safety of
their children as well as domestic animals that may stray onto the roads.
Table 4.8: District wise Project Necessity as per Affected ST HHs
Project Necessity Name of the District Grand
Total Dhanbad Jamtara
Can’t say for sure - 1 1
No- don't need 11 35 46
No response - 2 2
Yes - will benefit local people 44 21 65
Grand Total 55 HH 59 HH 114 HH
Source: Resettlement Census Survey, 2010
4.4. Mitigation Measures for the ST Households
In order to mitigate the above impacts incurred being incurred by the ST households,
these households will be entitled to the following compensation and assistance
measures under this RP:
Compensation of land at Replacement cost
Replacement value of the affected residential and commercial structure, which
will be calculated as per the latest prevailing basic schedule of rates (BSR) without
depreciation.
ST Households shall be allowed to take salvaged material from the affected
structures
Transfer grant: A lump sum transfer grant at the rate of Rs.5,000 for shifting
households assets and other belonging to new area/location. The cost has been
worked out taking into account the average transport costs incurred in such
transfers.
Rental accommodation: Project-affected families will further require assistance in
case they are unable to build their shops/residences after the project has taken
possession of their property or after demolishing their structures. To meet the transit
accommodation, a rental assistance in the form of a grant of Rs.10,000/family to
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cover three month rental accommodation has been considered. This rental
assistance is as per the prevalent rentals in the area.
Transitional Allowance: Title holders & non-titleholders incurring impact on their
primary income due to displacement will be assisted with allowance to for loss of
their income during the transitional period. This allowance would be in form of
providing Minimum agriculture wage (MAW) for a certain number of days taking into
account the extent and nature of lose:
o In case of Titleholders losing income through agriculture,
Transitional allowance equivalent 250 days of Minimum Agricultural
Wage15F
16 (MAW) in the state at the time of Section 4 notification under
LA Act in cases where the loss of land is less than 10% of the total
land holding or equivalent to 500 MAW in case where the loss of land
is more than 10% of the total land holding.
o In case of Titleholders losing income through business, Monthly
subsistence allowance equivalent to twenty-five days minimum
agricultural wages16F
17 per month for a period of one year from date of
displacement
o In case of squatters and vulnerable encroachers losing primary
source of income, One-time financial assistance for transitional
income support equivalent to one time payment of 60 days (2 months)
of minimum wages17F
18 as fixed by the govt.
o In case of wage earning employees, indirectly affected due to
displacement of commercial structure, one time payment of 60 days (2
months) of minimum wages18F
19 as fixed by the govt.
Additional assistance for ST households: Vulnerable19F
20 affected households will
be given additional assistance of Rs.10,000 as lump sum.
16 The Minimum Wage Rate in Jharkhand as per the recent notification in March 2008 is Rs. 91 per day. 17 The Minimum Wage Rate in Jharkhand as per the recent notification in March 2008 is Rs. 91 per day. 18 The Minimum Wage Rate in Jharkhand as per the recent notification in March 2008 is Rs. 91 per day. 19 The Minimum Wage Rate in Jharkhand as per the recent notification in March 2008 is Rs. 91 per day. 20 The groups of population are considered socially „vulnerable’ comprise of - (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST); (c) female-headed households (FHH); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons.
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CHAPTER 5:
RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK AND ENTITLEMENT MATRIX
5.1 Introduction The objective of this chapter is to discuss the key national, state and project-specific
resettlement policies and legal issues involved in land acquisition and compensation.
This chapter describes the principles and approach to be followed in minimizing and
mitigating negative social and economic impacts by the projects. The guidelines are
prepared for addressing the issues of resettlement and rehabilitation of the APs under the
Jharkhand Road Sector Development Project.
The Resettlement Plan has been developed based on Asian Development Bank‟s Policy
on Involuntary Resettlement (1995), Operations Manual F2 on Involuntary Resettlement
(2003), the Land Acquisition Act – 1894, National R&R Policy (Govt of India, 2007), JH
R&R Norms – 2009 and Bihar R&R Policy - 2007. The resettlement principles of the
project comply with the social safeguard requirements of the Asian Development Bank
(ADB).
5.2 Policy Framework – Review of Resettlement Policies and Legal Framework
In India, compensation for land acquisition (LA) and resettlement assistance for project-
affected people is generally governed by the Land Acquisition Act (1894), which has been
amended from time to time. The Act has no provision for assistance for project-affected
persons particularly those without titles or ownership records such as encroachers. A
National Policy on R&R (NPRR) 2003 was adopted by the Government of India (GOI) to
address the issues not addressed in the LA Act and also to cover development-induced
resettlement. This policy has been recently revised in the form of NPRR 2007, which is
applicable to all developmental projects where 400 or more families‟ en masse in plain
areas or 200 or more families‟ en masse in tribal or hilly areas are displaced due to project
activity. The policy aims to minimize displacement and promote, as far as possible, non-
displacing or least displacing alternatives. The policy also aims to ensure adequate
rehabilitation package and expeditious implementation of the rehabilitation process with
the active participation of those affected. The policy also recognizes the need for
protecting the weaker sections of the society especially members of the Scheduled
Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
While the key entitlements in the New National Policy - 2007 are largely similar to the
previous NPRR, some key additions have been made in the revised policy namely:
Preference to affected families in employment in the project, subject to availability of
vacancies & suitability of skills, Trainings of affected persons so as to enable them to
take up suitable jobs, scholarships & other skill development opportunities; preference
to affected persons in labour work during construction
preference to the affected persons or their groups or cooperatives in the allotment of
outsourced contracts, shops or other economic opportunities coming up in or around
the project site;
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The project authorities shall, at their cost, arrange for annuity policies that will pay a
pension for life to the vulnerable affected persons as, of such amount as may be
prescribed by the appropriate Govt subject to a minimum of five hundred rupees per
month.
The affected families who have not been provided agricultural land or employment shall be given the option, if the requiring body is a company of taking up to twenty per cent of their rehabilitation grant amount in the form of shares or debentures of the requiring body.
The policy also recognizes non-titleholders such as any agricultural or non-agricultural
labourer, landless person (not having homestead land, agricultural land, or either
homestead or agricultural land), rural artisan, small trader or self-employed person; who
has been residing or engaged in any trade, business, occupation or vocation continuously
for a period of not less than three years as affected families. The policy further makes
provisions for public disclosures of draft R&R Plans to the community, Grievance redress
procedures and Monitoring & Evaluation systems.
In addition to the new NPRR, at the state level as well, there exists a draft Jharkhand
State Resettlement & Rehabilitation (R&R) Policy, 2007 currently pending approval and
adoption. While this policy only applies to all industrial projects, envisaging a capital
investment of Rs. 100 crore or more, and entailing acquisition of private land under Land
Acquisition Act, 1894 or under any other laws for the time being in force, the policy
principles and measures are progressive in nature. Chapter VII & VIII of the draft policy
lay down R&R entitlements for those affected. Apart from the provision of compensation
for land at the prevalent market rate, the draft policy also provides for R&R provisions with
stress on resettlement and livelihood restoration of the households affected. Different
types of provisions have been laid down based on extent and nature of loss. In addition,
non-titleholders such as landless & homestead encroachers, who have been in
possession of that for a period of at least 10 years, are also provided equal compensation
for similar land/structure on encroached land.
5.3 ADB Policy on Involuntary Resettlement
The Asian Development Bank‟s (ADB) policies and operations manuals, in particular the
policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995), and Operations Manual F2 on Involuntary
Resettlement (2003) recognize and address the R&R impacts of all the affected persons
irrespective of their titles and requires for the preparation of RP in every instance where
involuntary resettlement occurs. These ADB policies are the guiding policies to identify
impacts and to plan measures to mitigate various losses of the subproject.
ADB policy guidelines are summarized below:
Involuntary resettlement (IR) should be avoided or reduced as much as possible by reviewing alternatives to the Project;
Where IR is unavoidable, AP should be assisted to re-establish themselves and
improve their quality of life;
Gender equality and equity should be ensured and adhered to;
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AP should be fully involved in the selection of relocation sites, livelihood compensation and development options at the earliest opportunity. RPs should also be prepared in full consultation with AP, including disclosure of RP and project related information;
Replacement land should be an option for compensation in the case of loss of
land; in the absence of replacement land, cash-for-land compensation should be an option available each AP;
Compensation for loss of land, structures, other assets and income should be
based on full replacement cost and should be paid promptly. This should include transaction costs;
All compensation payments and related activities should be completed prior to
the commencement of civil works;
RP should be planned and implemented with full participation of local authorities;
In the event of necessary relocation, APs should be assisted to integrate into
host communities; Common property resources and community/public services should be provided
to AP; Resettlement should be planned as a development activity for the AP; AP who do not have documented title to land should receive fair and just
treatment; Vulnerable groups (households below the recognised poverty line; disabled,
elderly persons or female-headed households) should be identified and given appropriate assistance to substantially improve their living standards.
5.4 Similarities and differences between the National Policy and the ADB Policy
The key area of similarities and differences between the NPRR and the ADB policy are enumerated in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1: Comparative Matrix of ADB Policy and India LA Act (1894) and NPRR
(2007)
ADB IR Policy Indian LA
Act (1894)
NPRR (2007) Gaps Gap Mitigations through
Resettlement Plan and
Entitlement Matrix
(i) Avoid
involuntary
resettlement
No provision
in the LA Act
Chapter II, Clause
2.1(a) states the
objectives of the NRRP
is to minimize the
displacement and to
promote, as far as
No gaps
between ADB
and NPRR
policy
requirements
N/A
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possible, non displacing
or least displacing
alternatives.
(ii) Minimize
involuntary
resettlement
LA Act does
not include
any provision
for minimizing
impact
The broad aim of the
Policy as given in the
Preamble (1.4) is to
minimize large scale
displacement as far as
possible
Policy focus
more on
Displacement
and not explicit
on IR
minimization
RP requires to
minimize impacts
thru alternative
design /choices of
subprojects
(iii) Mitigate
adverse social
impacts thru
appropriate
land,
compensation,
housing,
infrastructure
amenities so
that APs social
and economic
conditions as
favorable with
the project as
without it.
Provision for
cash
compensation
only for
acquisition of
land and
other assets
NPRR aims to restore
and improve livelihoods
of persons with
housing, agricultural
land, employment and
providing necessary
training facilities for
development of
entrepreneurship,
technical and
professional skills for
self employment.
There are provisions of
providing
comprehensive
infrastructural amenities
and facilities to the
resettlers.
NPRR Policies
are similar with
ADB and aims
at improving
the standards
of the affected
people.
RP contains similar
objectives with
regard to
assistance and
compensation,
including
provisions for
replacement value
for acquired assets
(iv) Identify,
assess and
address the
potential social
and economic
effects of a
project.
Resettlement
should be
conceived and
executed as a
development
program
Identification
of APs limited
to titleholders
of acquired
assets. A full
assessment
of social and
economic
impacts is not
required.
Chapter VI spells out
the ways and means to
identify and assess at
an early stage of the
project cycle the
potential IR impacts
through a baseline
survey and census. And
it also looks into the
direct and indirect
effects due to the
project like loss of
livelihood of agricultural
laborers, rural artisans,
etc. through Social
Impact Assessment
The policy
objectives are
similar.
Compensation
and
resettlement
assistance are
aimed to re-
establish and
improve
livelihoods
those affected.
RP prepared
based on
identification of
APs, both
titleholders and
non-titleholders.
The entitlement
matrix has
provision to assist
APs restore their
livelihoods in post
resettlement
period.
(v) Affected
people should
be fully
informed and
LA Act has
provision to
notify
acquisition
NPRR has provisions
for consultation with
affected
persons/communities
Very close to
ADB
requirements
RP is based on
consultation with
communities and
also has specific
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closely
consulted on
resettlement
and
compensation
options.
Disclose RPs
to the affected
people.
decisions
only. No
requirement
for
consultation.
prior to drafting the RP.
R&R Administrator is
required to hold
consultations; also,
provision to set up a
Grievance Redressal
Mechanism called R &
R Committee.
provisions for
further
consultation,
disclosure and
involvement of the
APs during RP
implementation.
(vi) Support
existing social
and cultural
institutions so
that APs are
integrated
socially and
economically
with the host
communities
N/A No specific mention of
support to socio-cultural
organization of the
resettlers.
Gaps with
ADB Policy
-
(vii) Absence
of formal title
is no bar to
compensation
and
resettlement
benefits
;;special
attention to
vulnerable
groups
Non-titled
persons are
ineligible for
any
compensation
NPRR has provisions
(Chapter IV) to consider
all impacts with
particular attention to
any impacts on the poor
and vulnerable affected
persons.
So specific
clause with
regard to
benefits of
non-titled
holders.
Resettlement Plan
has inclusive policy
and clearly states
the same in the
Entitlement matrix.
(viii) Full costs
of resettlement
included in the
project costs
N/A NPRR (Chapter VI,
clause 6.14.2) spells
out the components of
the RP. It also includes
the budgets and full
costs (clause 6.16 and
6.17).
No difference RP includes a
detailed full budget
and cost for
resettlement
(ix)
Restoration of
income in
post-
resettlement
period
No provision
in the LA Act
NPRR (Clause 7.22 of
Chapter VII) talks of the
amenities and
infrastructural facilities
to be provided at
resettlement areas.
No specific
statement
concerning
restoration of
livelihood
Entitlement Matrix
makes appropriate
provisions in this
regard.
(x) Supervision
and Monitoring
to be carried
No provision
in the LA Act
NPRR (Chapter IX)
clearly lays down the
setting of a National
Monitoring
groups are
mainly local
RP lays down
provisions for both
internal and
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5.5 Resettlement Policy & Principles for the Project
Following the National R&R Policy – 2007, JH R&R Norms – 2009, Bihar R&R Policy - 2007 and various land laws on land acquisition, incorporating ADB Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995) and Operations Manual F2 on Involuntary Resettlement (2006), the basic principles for the Project will include the following elements:
a) As a matter of policy, land acquisition, and other involuntary resettlement impacts
would be minimized as much as possible;
b) Any land acquisition and/or resettlement will be carried out and compensation
provided in order to improve or at least restore the pre-Project income and living
standards of the affected people;
c) All information related to resettlement preparation and implementation will be
disclosed to all concerned, and people‟s participation will be ensured in planning
and implementation of the project;
d) All land acquisition would be as per the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 which provides
for compensation for properties to be acquired. The persons affected by the
project who do not own land or other properties, but who have economic interest
or lose their livelihoods will be assisted as per the broad principles brought out in
this policy.
e) Payment of compensation for acquired assets at replacement cost20F
21;
f) Payment of compensation for lost land, housing, assets and resettlement
allowances in full prior to the contractor taking physical acquisition of the land and
prior to the commencement of any construction activities;
g) All compensation and other assistances21F
22 will be paid to all APs prior to
commencement of civil works on the site acquired.
21 In this Project, the replacement cost of land will be derived based on the Jharkhand R&R Norms – 2009. As per this policy, once the registration cost of similar type of land at the time of notification is derived, 50% of the registration cost (of similar type of land) will be added to this cost. In addition, the land shall be acquired after paying 30 percent solatium on the rates as fixed above but whenever the land owner agrees to give the land voluntarily in that case 60% solatium shall be paid. 22 While compensation is required prior to dispossession or displacement of affected people from their assets, the full resettlement plan implementation, which may require income rehabilitation measures, might be
out throughput
the project
period by
persons with
expertise in
resettlement
Monitoring Committee,
National Monitoring
Cell, Internal Oversight
Committee, External
Oversight Committee,
its composition and
responsibilities.
However there is no
clear view on the
procedure or regularity
of monitoring.
officials – not
specialists;
also no
procedures for
regular
monitoring
external monitoring
by specialists.
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h) Broad entitlement framework of different categories of project-affected people has
been assessed and is given in the Entitlement Matrix. Provisions will be kept in
the budget for those who were not present at the time of the survey. However,
anyone moving into the subproject area after the cut-off date will not be entitled to
assistance.
i) Income restoration and rehabilitation; and
j) All activities related to resettlement planning, implementation, and monitoring
would ensure involvement of women. Efforts will also be made to ensure that
vulnerable groups are included.
k) Appropriate grievances redress mechanism to ensure speedy resolution of
disputes.
The above principles and resettlement procedural guidelines shall apply to this subproject/Package road under the loan in compliance with the national/state and ADB policies so as to ensure that persons affected by land acquisition and/or involuntary resettlement will be eligible for appropriate compensation and rehabilitation assistance. 5.6 Entitlement Matrix
In accordance with the resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) policy for the Project, all
affected households will be entitled to a combination of compensation measures and
resettlement assistance, depending on the nature of ownership rights of lost assets and
scope of the impact, including social and economic vulnerability of the affected persons.
In general terms, the affected persons in the project will be entitled to five types of
compensation and assistance:
(i) compensation for loss of land, trees at replacement value;
(ii) compensation for structures (residential/commercial) and other immovable assets at replacement value;
(iii) assistance for loss of business/wage income;
(iv) assistance for shifting;
(v) rebuilding and/or restoration of community resources/facilities and
(vi) special additional assistance for vulnerable 22F
23 households
The ADB Policy requires compensation for the lost assets at the current replacement value to both titled and non-title holders23F
24 and resettlement assistance for lost income and
livelihoods. In this subproject, the absence of formal titles will not constitute a bar to resettlement assistance and rehabilitation. Based on the inventory of losses, an Entitlement Matrix has been developed, which recognizes and lists various types of losses resulting out of the subproject. The matrix provides the basic tools and guidelines for preparation of compensation and resettlement benefits.
completed only over a longer period of time after civil works have begun. Affected people will be provided with certain resettlement entitlements, such as land and asset compensation and transfer allowances, prior to their displacement, dispossession, or restricted access. 23 The groups of population are considered socially „vulnerable’ comprise of - (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST); (c) female-headed households (FHH); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons. 24 However, no assistance will be paid to encroachers, who are not socio-economically vulnerable and do not fall in the vulnerable category as defined under the RP.
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As per the Entitlement Matrix (Table 5.2), the affected people will receive compensation for land and other assets at the replacement value, in accordance with ADB‟s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement and Operational Manual Section F2/BP and F2/OP as well as assistance for shifting and income restoration, and additional assistance to vulnerable groups to help the subproject affected persons to restore their lives and livelihoods in the post-resettlement phase. In case of loss of frontage/structure, the affected households will be allowed to take the salvageable at no extra costs. The entitlements have been decided in consultation with the community and the various stakeholders. The shifting allowance has been fixed in consultation with the communities and local prevalent rates.
Table 5.2: Entitlement Matrix
Type of Loss Identification of Affected
Households
Entitlement Details
A: LOSS OF LAND
1. Loss of
agricultural land
Owner/Titleholder/
traditional land
rights24F
25 of the
affected plot
Compensation at
Replacement cost
a). Replacement land as per the law or cash compensation at replacement cost as determined according to the formula proposed in Jharkhand Resettlement & Rehabilitation norms for ADB project - 200925F
26;
b). APs with traditional title/occupancy rights will also be eligible for full compensation for land, plus the difference or additional grant. c) If the residual plot(s) is (are) not viable, i.e., the AP becomes a marginal farmer, any of the following three options are to be given to the AP, subject to his/her acceptance:
The AP remains on the plot, and the compensation and assistance paid to the tune of required amount of land to be acquired.
Compensation and assistance are to be provided for the entire plot including residual part, if the owner of such land wishes that his/her residual plot should also be acquired by the EA, EA will acquire the residual plot and pay the compensation for
25 Traditional land rights refers to households with customary rights to land and shall be treated equivalent to titleholders 26 As per the Jharkhand R&R Norms for ADB Project – 2009, once the registration cost of similar type of land at the time of notification is derived, 50% of the registration cost (of similar type of land) will be added to this cost. In addition, the land shall be acquired after paying 30 percent solatium on the rates as fixed above but whenever the land owner agrees to give the land voluntarily in that case 60% solatium shall be paid.
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it. d) All fees, stamp duties, taxes and other charges, as applicable under the relevant laws, incurred in the relocation and rehabilitation process, are to be borne by the EA.
2. Loss of
homestead land
(residential and
commercial land)
Owner/Titleholder/
traditional land
rights26F
27 of the
affected plot
Compensation at
replacement cost
a). Replacement of land or cash
compensation at replacement cost
as determined according to the
formula proposed in Jharkhand
Resettlement & Rehabilitation
Norms for ADB Project (JRRP) -
200927F
28;
b) All fees, stamp duties, taxes and other charges, as applicable under the relevant laws, incurred in the relocation and rehabilitation process, are to be borne by the EA.
B: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL & OTHER STRUCTURES
3. Loss of structure
(residential and
commercial
structures)
Titleholder of
affected structure
Compensation at Replacement cost
Transfer grant
Rental assistance
a) AP will be provided replacement value of the residential structure, which will be calculated as per the latest prevailing basic schedule of rates (BSR) without depreciation. b) Affected person shall be allowed
to take salvaged material from the
demolished structure at no costs.
c). A lump sum transfer grant of an
amount of Rs 10,000 per household
for shifting households‟ assets and
other belonging to the new area.
d). Rental assistance as per the
prevalent rate in the form of grant of
Rs. 10,000 to cover maximum three
month rental accommodation
Tenants Rental Assistance
Transfer grant
Compensation
a). Rental assistance for both
residential & commercial tenants at
the rate of Rs. 10,000 in the form of
grant to cover maximum three
27 Traditional land rights refers to households with customary rights to land and shall be treated equivalent to titleholders 28 As per the Jharkhand R&R Norms for ADB project – 2009, once the registration cost of similar type of land at the time of notification is derived, 50% of the registration cost (of similar type of land) will be added to this cost. In addition, the land shall be acquired after paying 30 percent solatium on the rates as fixed above but whenever the land owner agrees to give the land voluntarily in that case 60% solatium shall be paid.
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(in case additional structure erected)
month rentals .
b) A lump sum transfer grant of an
amount of Rs 10,000 per household
for shifting households‟ assets and
other belonging to the new area.
c). Additional structures erected by
tenants will also be compensated
and deducted from owner‟s
compensation amount.
d). Any advance deposited by the
tenants to the landlord will be
deducted from land lord/owners total
compensation package on
submission of documentary
evidences.
e) Right to salvage material from
demolished structure and frontage
etc, erected by tenants.
C: LOSS OF CROPS & TREES
4. Loss of crops
and trees
Land Owners
Sharecroppers
Leaseholders
Compensation at
„market value‟
a) Advance notice to APs to harvest crops/fruits and remove trees.
b) In case of standing crops, cash compensation for loss of agricultural crops at current market value of mature crops based on average production.
c) Compensation for loss of timber trees at current market value of wood/timber or firewood depending on the kind of tree to be computed with assistance from horticulture department.
d) In case of fruit trees,
compensation at average fruit production for next 15 years to be computed with assistance from horticulture department.
D: LOSSES OF NON-TITLEHOLDERS
5. Loss of structure
(immovable assets
constructed by
Encroachers No compensation
for land but
assistance for
a). Encroachers will be notified and
given one month time to remove
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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squatters and
encroachers)
assets to
vulnerable groups
their assets.
b). Compensation for affected
structures to the vulnerable 28F
29
households at blow poverty line
(BPL) non title holder shall be
provided replacement value of
affected structure or equivalent
financial assistance benefit provided
under Indira Awaas Yojana
Scheme.
c). Right to salvage material from
demolished structure at no cost.
Squatters and
informal settlers
No compensation
for land but
compensation for
structure at
replacement cost
and other
assistance
a) Squatters will be notified and given one month time to remove their assets.
b) Compensation for affected
structures to the vulnerable 29F
30
households at blow poverty line
(BPL) non title holder shall be
provided replacement value of
affected structure or equivalent
financial assistance benefit provided
under Indira Awaas Yojana
Scheme.
b) A lump sum transfer grant of an amount of Rs. 10,000 for shifting households‟ assets and other belonging to the new area.
c) Right to salvage material from
demolished structure at no cost.
E: LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD SOURCE
6. Loss of primary
source of income
for the titleholders
Titleholders losing
income through
agriculture
Rehabilitation
Assistance for
income
restoration
a) APs losing strip of land (insignificant) due to acquisition will be eligible to set ex-gratia payment of Rs. 20,000.
b) Transitional allowance
equivalent 250 days of Minimum Agricultural Wage 30F
31
(MAW) in the state at the time of
29 The groups of population are considered socially „vulnerable’ comprise of - (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST); (c) female-headed households (FHH); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons. 30 The groups of population are considered socially „vulnerable’ comprise of - (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST); (c) female-headed households (FHH); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons. 31 The Minimum Wage Rate in Jharkhand as per the recent notification in March 2008 is Rs. 91 per day.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Section 4 notification under Jharkhand LA Act. He shall also be entitled for National/State level job card under National Rural Employment Programme.
Titleholders losing
income through
business
Transitional
assistance
a) Monthly subsistence allowance equivalent to three months average business income.
7. Loss of primary
source of income
for the non-
titleholders [wage
earning employees,
agricultural labour,
non-agricultural
labour, squatters
and vulnerable
encroachers]
Non-titleholders
namely squatters
and vulnerable
encroachers losing
primary source of
income
Training
Assistance for
income
restoration
a) One-time financial assistance for transitional income support equivalent to one time payment unskilled labour entitled for one time payment for 250 days payment as fixed by Government under minimum wages Act job card under National Rural Employment Programme.
Wage earning
employees indirectly
affected due to
displacement of
commercial structure
Transitional
assistance
a). This is valid for persons indirectly
affected due to the employer having
being displaced, one time payment
of 200 days of minimum wages31F
32 as
fixed by the govt.
b) Employment opportunity in the
road construction work if desired so
by them
F: LOSS OF COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES
8. Loss of Common
Property Resources
Affected
community/Institution
responsible
Cash
compensation/
reconstruction
a). Cash compensation at
replacement cost or reconstruction
of the community structure in
consultation with the community
G: ADDITIONAL SUPPORT TO VULNERABLE
9. Additional
assistance to
vulnerable groups
Households
categorized as
vulnerable (BPL
households, female-
headed households,
SC/STs,
disabled/elderly)
One time Lump
sum assistance
a). Additional one-time lump sum
assistance of Rs. 10,000 per
household to vulnerable
households. This will be over and
above the other assistance/s as per
this framework.
H: OTHER UNANTICIPATED IMPACTS
10. Temporary Owner/ Cash a) The contractor shall bear the
32
The Minimum Wage Rate in Jharkhand as per the recent notification in March 2008 is Rs. 91 per day.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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impact during
construction like
disruption of normal
traffic, damage to
adjacent parcel of
land/assets due to
movement of
machinery and
plant site for
contractor etc
Titleholder/ traditional rights of the affected plot
Community
compensation for
loss of income
potential
cost of any impact on structure or land due to movement of machinery during construction or establishment of construction plant.
b) Compensation for standing
crops and trees as per the market rate
c) Restoration of land to its
previous or better quality d) The contractor will negotiate a
rental rate with the owner for all temporary use of land outside proposed RoW.
11. Any
unanticipated
adverse impact due
to project
intervention
Any unanticipated consequence of the project will be documented and mitigated
based on the spirit of the principles agreed upon in this policy framework.
5.7. Cut-off date The cut off date for those who have legal titles of their land/asset is the date of notification
of acquisition under the Land Acquisition Act and for those without titles the cut-off will be
the date of the resettlement survey as undertaken from April – to May 2008. People
moving into the subproject area after this date will not be entitled for support. For the new
Govindpur bypass section (6.5 kms long), the cut off date is September 2010.
During the census survey all the affected assets were covered with the respective affected households. In case of absent households, the affected assets too were listed into the database. The census database hence shall act as an instrument to check fresh arrivals and influx, if any, into the affected area. All further claims being made (apart from those listed in census database) shall be verified by the DLIC with assistance from the NGO/R&R Implementation agency. 5.8 Valuation of affected assets The asset valuation of the acquired land and asset will be done based on the principle of
compensation at the replacement value of the affected asset.
Valuation of Land: While under the prevailing provisions, the fixation of rate of land to be
acquired will be done on the basis of Registration Cost of similar type of land at the time
of notification under Section - 4 of the LA Act, the replacement cost of the land will be
derived by means of the use of the formula propounded in Jharkhand R&R Norms 2009.
As per this, once the registration cost of similar type of land at the time of notification is
derived, 50% of the registration cost (of similar type of land) will be added to this cost. In
addition, the land shall be acquired after paying 30 percent solatium on the rates as fixed
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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above but whenever the land owner agrees to give his land voluntarily in that case the
60% solatium shall be paid.
The land records containing information like legal title, and classification of land will be
updated expeditiously for ensuring adequate cost compensation and allotment of land to
the entitled persons. Records as they are on the cut-off date will be taken into
consideration while determining the current use of land. The residual land will be
compensated in keeping with the provisions as laid down in the Entitlement Matrix.
Valuation of Structures: The value of houses, buildings and other immovable properties will be determined on the basis of relevant Basic Schedule of Rates (B.S.R.) as on date without depreciation. While considering the BSR rate, EA will ensure that it uses the latest BSR for the residential and commercial structures in the the state. Compensation for properties belonging to the community or common places of worship will be provided to enable construction of the same at new places through the local self-governing bodies/appropriate authority in accordance with the modalities determined by such bodies / authority to ensure correct use of the amount of compensation.
Valuation of Crops & Trees: The valuation of crops and trees will be based on survey of market prices in the area for different types of crops to establish an average market price and an assessment to know whether the compensation is less or greater than that price. The same may be computed with assistance from horticulture department. All compensation and other assistances 32F
33 will be paid to all APs prior to commencement
of civil works. After payment of compensation, APs would be allowed to take away the materials salvaged from their dismantled houses and shops and no charges will be levied upon them for the same. A notice to that effect will be issued intimating that APs can take away the materials. APs receiving compensation for trees will be allowed to take away timber of their acquired trees for their domestic use. Trees standing on the land owned by the government will be disposed off through open auction by the concerned Revenue Department/ Forest Department. 5.9 Disposal of Acquired Properties
33
While compensation is required prior to dispossession or displacement of affected people from their assets, the full resettlement plan implementation, which may require income rehabilitation measures, might be completed only over a longer period of time after civil works have begun. Affected people will be provided with certain resettlement entitlements, such as land and asset compensation and transfer allowances, prior to their displacement, dispossession, or restricted access.
Valuation of land:
Registration Cost (RC) at time of Notification + 50 % of RC + 30% Solatium on the RC
= Compensation at Replacement Cost
A= 30% Solatium on the RC
or
60% Solatium on the RC (if owner aggress to give his land voluntarily)
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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The acquired land and properties would vest in the Project paying compensation for such
lands/properties. However, even after payment of compensation, APs would be allowed
to take away the materials salvaged from their houses and shops etc. acquired by the
project and no charges will be levied upon them for the same. A notice to that effect will
be issued to take away the materials so salvaged within 48 hours of their demolition, if not
taken then the same will be disposed by the project authority without giving any further
notice.
APs will be provided with an advance notice of 3 months prior to dislocation. Further, all
compensation will be paid to APs at least three months before displacement or
dispossession of assets to enable APs to effect relocation in a timely manner.
In the event of any change in the subproject/package road design and RP budget, the RP
will be revised accordingly and will be subject to ADB approval before award of any civil
works contract. Public consultations and disclosures will be organized involving all
stakeholders, affected persons, local representatives in local language to disclose the
entitlement matrix as outlined in the RP. The public disclosure of this RP will be
undertaken before the ADB‟s Management Review Meeting (MRM) 33F
34.
34
The Management Review Meeting (MRM) is scheduled in September 2008.
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CHAPTER 6:
CONSULTATION AND STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION
6.1. Introduction
ADB‟s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement stresses that affected people should be fully informed
and closely consulted on resettlement and compensation options. Consultation with APs is the
starting point for all resettlement related activities. Experience indicates that involuntary
resettlement generally gives rise to severe problems for the affected population and they are
generally apprehensive that they will lose their livelihoods. These problems may be reduced if, as
a part of subproject planning and implementation, people are properly informed and consulted
about the project, about their situation and preferences, and are allowed to make meaningful
choices. This serves to reduce the insecurity and opposition to the subproject which otherwise
are likely to occur.
Based on the above principles, the subproject will therefore ensure that the affected population
and other stakeholders are informed, consulted, and allowed to participate actively in the
development process. This will be done throughout the subproject, both during preparation,
implementation, and monitoring of project results and impacts.
The significance of people‟s participation and consultation in any Project during preparation is
well recognized by the NPRR as well. In keeping with the ADB and NPRR principles,
consultation and community participation was encouraged during the course of the initial poverty
& social assessment (IPSA) undertaken in August 2007. Discussions and meetings were held to
inform the communities and population about the positive as well as negative impacts of the road
improvement scheme. Subsequent consultations were also organised at key locations during the
course of the Resettlement Census survey in April 2008.
6.2 Methods of Community Consultation
During the course of the social assessment, consultation meetings were held to inform the
communities and population about the positive as well as negative impacts of the road
improvement scheme. Consultations and discussions were held along the subproject with the
affected households and other stakeholders including village head men, gram panchayat
members, head of households, women‟s groups, shopkeepers, tenants etc. These meetings were
used to get wider public input from both the primary and secondary stakeholders. The
consultation methods followed to elicit required information (their views & opinions) are detailed
below in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1: Methods employed during the course of consultations at the time of Social
Assessment & Resettlement Survey
Stakeholders Method
Local communities Individual Interviews, field level observations,
community consultations & meetings
Individual Household Interview of Affected
Households
100% Survey of the total affected households
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Village Headmen & Gram Panchayat
members (local elected representatives)
Small discussions
Women‟s belonging to various socio-
economic groups
Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)
Affected Shopkeepers, tenants and
squatters
Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)
Other vulnerable groups (ST and those
BPL)
FGDs
Government Stakeholders (BDO, CMOs,
ANMs, Teachers etc)
Semi-structured interviews
Source: IPSA, August 2007 and Resettlement Survey, Jan-Feb 2008
6.3 Consultation – Scope and Issues
During the consultations, efforts were made by the survey team to:
Ascertain the views of the APs, with reference to land acquisition and project impacts;
Understand views of the community on Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) issues and rehabilitation options;
Identify and assess the major socio-economic characteristics of the villages to enable effective planning and implementation;
Obtain opinion of the community on issues related to the impacts on community property and relocation of the same.
Finally, to establish an understanding for identification of overall developmental goals and benefits of the project.
6.4. Feedback from Community Consultations
6.4.1 Consultations Findings at time of IPSA
The development of an area is directly related to the networking it has with other places. For this
purpose, it is really important to have an efficient transportation system that will lead to the
economic development of the area. Good conditions of roads provide the people with better
transport and less travel costs and time. With good roads, people‟s access to the available socio
economic facilities like health, education, trade centres etc. also increases thereby adding to their
quality of life.
In a state like Jharkhand, where a significant proportion of the population is poor and rural, the
absence of an effective transport system further aggravates the challenges. The improvement of
the sample subproject road is anticipated to lead to better connectivity of the areas falling along
the roads to the district and commercial centres. As a result, the Project will open up socio-
economic avenues and opportunities for the local population particularly in the field of education,
employment, trade and business, health etc which will further lead to the overall development of
the project area as well as of its inhabitants.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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In the consultations and discussions undertaken in all the four road packages, majority of the
local communities expressed a welcoming attitude towards the project. A large number of people
were of the opinion that the road improvement will benefit them in many ways. It will lead to the
accessibility to the available facilities, increase in employment opportunities, business and trade,
improved transportation system and so on. Some of the major benefits as voiced by the
community comprised of:
Increase in income and employment opportunities The project is anticipated to increase the transportation as well as the connectivity of the area, making it possible for the inhabitants to travel to other districts for the purpose of employment in turn leading to increase in avenues as well as their monthly income.
Change in mode and frequency of transportation resulting from improved road will
increase the number of public transport at a regular interval with less travel charges.
Increased accessibility to health and educational facilities for the local population
Anticipated Gender impacts include augmented mobility of women and improved
health and education status resulting from improved access to health facilities
For a detailed account of the key findings emerging from social assessment of August 2007,
please refer to the detailed Initial Poverty and Social Assessment (IPSA).
6.4.2 Consultations Findings at time of Census Survey
A total of 9 community consultations were undertaken along the subproject during the course of
the Census Survey. Table 6.2 below enumerates the location, number profile and key issues
discussed in these consultations.
Table 6.2: Summary of Community Consultations
Village Number &
Profile of
Participants
Issues Discussed & Concerns
Raised
Steps taken to address
the concerns
Chepkia 15-17
community
members
comprising of
Pradhan and
villagers
The consultation among the
various stakeholders, were
centered around the Project
timeline and the need for
appropriate and adequate
relocation assistance to be
extended those whose structure
would be affected by the by project.
In keeping with peoples suggestion and in order to ensure that adequate assistance is provided to those whose structures would be affected, RP entitlement matrix lays down provisions for shifting assistance, transitional rental assistance as well as compensation at market replacement value for the affected structures.
Narayanpur,
Dadla
20 community
members
comprising of
Pradhan,
shopkeepers
The community consultation in the
village was on the preference of
the villagers of shifting the present
alignment towards the right side.
There was a general disagreement
These suggestions were
duly taken into account and
integrated in the design.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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and the
general
community
among the community on the
present technical design.
According to them, the present
technical design would affect a
large number of shops on either
side of the project road.
However, they opined that if the
alignment was shifted towards the
right, the number of commercial
enterprises and other structures
affected would decrease. This was
mainly so, as there were few
commercial enterprises on the
other side.
Additionally, there was a cemetery
along the project road. The
community expressed their
concern over the alignment of the
proposed widening of the existing
road. They suggest that the road
could be narrowed at this location
so that it does not disturb the
cemetery.
Mohanpur 12 community
members
comprising of
Pradhan,
shopkeepers
and villagers
Mohanpur is primarily a market
place though there are agricultural
lands along the project road. In all
it as 1.5 KM long stretch having
both agricultural land as well as
structures mainly commercial and
residential cum commercial on the
roadside.
Since the project is going to impact
many of the structures along the
roadside, the community members
were consulted for gauging their
opinion on the relocation and
rehabilitation options.
One of the suggestion by the
community participants was that
the affected persons may be
allotted the one acre of
Government land available in the
village for relocation, if need be.
In keeping with peoples suggestion and in order to ensure that adequate assistance is provided to those whose structures would be affected, RP entitlement matrix lays down provisions for shifting assistance, transitional rental assistance as well as compensation at market replacement value for the affected structures. Also the NGO/R&R implementation agency would provide support to the severely affected households losing structures in identifying relocation sites and shifting their.
Pabiya 20 community
members
comprising of
Similar to Mohanpur, Pobia is also
a market place which is around 1.5
km long. Though essentially a
In keeping with peoples suggestion and in order to ensure that adequate assistance is provided to
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Pradhan,
shopkeepers
and villagers
commercial centre, it has
agricultural land as well along the
roadside. Thus, the project would
affect these agricultural land as
well as structures – commercial,
residential and residential cum
commercial assets.
During the community
consultations in Pobia community
gave suggestion on relocation and
rehabilitation option available to the
affected households. The
consultations brought forth the
suggestion of the affected
community on the relocation site
available in the village itself. There
is some Hatia/Market land
available in the village, which
would be the most feasible site for
relocation within the village.
those whose structures would be affected, RP entitlement matrix lays down provisions for shifting assistance, transitional rental assistance as well as compensation at market replacement value for the affected structures. Also the NGO/R&R implementation agency would provide support to the severely affected households losing structures in identifying relocation sites and shifting their.
Hatsar,
Dumma,
Chundih,
Palubera
10 community
members
comprising of
Pradhan,
shopkeepers
and villagers
Action is being takenas per
Alignment of Approuved DPR
-
Pokhariya 15 community
members
comprising of
Pradhan and
villagers
In the subproject village of
Pokhariya, the project would affect
a historical pond in the village from
which the village derives its name
(Pokhar is the local term for pond).
The proposed project road would
run though the middle of this pond
dividing it into two and affecting
sanctity of the same. This was one
of the key issues discussed in the
community consultations. The
community expressed their desire
for a change in the technical design
so that the pond would not be
disturbed.
In keeping with the
community suggestion, the
technical design has been
adapted to avoid any
impact on the pond.
Latani 20 community
members
comprising of
Pradhan,
shopkeepers
Latani is a market area in the
subproject section. The villagers
would bear an impact on the
agricultural, residential, commercial
as well as residential cum
commercial assets. The census
In keeping with peoples suggestion and in order to ensure that adequate assistance is provided to those whose structures would be affected, RP entitlement matrix lays
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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and villagers survey identified almost 30
structures (of all types) being
affected by the project and
maximum of them are on the right
hand side of the project road.
The community consultation
focused on the need for adequate
compensation and relocation and
rehabilitation support to those
affected.
down provisions for shifting assistance, transitional rental assistance as well as compensation at market replacement value for the affected structures. Also the NGO/R&R implementation agency would provide support to the severely affected households losing structures in identifying relocation sites and shifting their.
Koridih 15 community
members
comprising of
Pradhan and
villagers
The subproject village of Koridih is
around 2 kms long the project road.
The village is densely populated
and there is a mosque on the
roadside. The survey has brought
forth that there are about 57
residential assets on the left hand
side and 55 on the right hand side
of the road. In addition, it was seen
that majority of the households
affected by the project own land at
the back of their existing houses.
Hence, they can relocate and
rehabilitate their affected assets to
the available land.
The objective of the consultation
was to make the general
community aware about the project
as well as the purpose of
conducting the Study. Since the
community was assured of
compensation, they were co-
operative during the course of the
Study.
None
Source: Resettlement Survey, 2008
6.4.3 Consultations Findings at time of updated Census
In the new by pass section a total of 6 community consultations were undertaken in each of the
affected village during the course of the Census. Table 6.3 below enumerates the location,
number profile and key issues discussed in these consultations.
Table 6.3: Summary of Community Consultations
Village Number &
Profile of
Issues Discussed & Concerns
Raised
Steps taken to address
the concerns
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Participants
Karmatand 15-17
community
members
comprising of
Pradhan and
villagers
The consultation among the
various stakeholders, were
centered on the Project timeline
and the need for appropriate and
adequate relocation assistance to
be extended those whose structure
would be affected by the by
project.
In keeping with people‟s suggestion and in order to ensure that adequate assistance is provided to those whose structures would be affected, RP entitlement matrix lays down provisions for compensation at market replacement value for the affected structures.
Kumhardih 15 community
members
comprising of
Pradhan, and
the general
community
The community consultation in the
village brought forward concerns
about loss of a pond, which is used
for irrigation purposes. Also they
suggested shifting alignment to
avoid the pond. They also
expressed concerns regarding the
standing crop and the trees.
Some of the villagers were
concerned about their residential
structures.
The community was
informed about the loss of
pond as minimal. All the
concerns were duly
addressed and explained.
Kushmatand 20 community
members
comprising of
Pradhan,
shopkeepers
and villagers
The villagers were positive about
the project. And looked it as an
opportunity for earning livelihoods.
Their only concern was to get good
compensation rates, as agriculture
was the main source of income for
them.
The RP has provision for providing compensation for loss of assets on the prevailing market values.
Pathuria 20 community
members
comprising of
Pradhan and
villagers
The community addressed
concerns about the loss of
livelihood. As there were marginal
farmers who were losing their total
land holding.
The community also addressed
concern regarding safety of
children with the construction of
the road.
The RP lays down provisions for providing adequate assistances for those whose livelihood would be affected. Also the NGO/R&R implementation agency would provide support to the severely affected households losing their livelihood, training assistance for income restoration.
Lahardih 10 community
members
comprising of
religious
There were some disputes among
the villagers, since mutation has
not been done for present land.
Since, there are multiple owners;
The survey team explained
the whole process of
computing compensation
based on market value and
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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leader, school
teacher and
villagers
people were not clear on the basis
on which compensation will be
given. The villagers themselves
solved most of these disputes.
assistances that would be
provided.
Kharni 15 community
members
comprising of
villagers and
head of ST
group.
In this village, 21 of the total 29 ST
HH reside who would be affected
by the road project. Many of them
bear an impact on their residential
as well as agricultural assets.
They primarily raised their
concerns regarding compensation
rates, rates for standing crops,
trees and resettlement measures.
The RP lays down provisions for shifting assistance, transitional rental assistance as well as compensation at market replacement value for the affected structures. Additional one time assistance to vulnerable group will be provided. Also the NGO/R&R
implementation agency
would provide support to
the severely affected
households losing
structures in identifying
relocation sites and shifting
their assets.
Source: Resettlement Census, 2010
6.5. Disclosure of Resettlement Plan
An updated summary of this Resettlement Plan (RP) will be translated into Hindi and Santhali and
will be made available to the newly affected people by the Executing Agency (EA) for review and
comments on the policy and mitigation measures by means of subproject-level Disclosure
workshops prior to loan negotiation. The proceedings of the disclosure workshop and the
feedback received will be sent to ADB for review. The summary of the final updated RP will also
be disclosed on the ADB Website.
6.6. Plan for further Consultation & Community Participation during Project
Implementation
The effectiveness of the R&R program is directly related to the degree of continuing involvement
of those affected by the Project. Several additional rounds of consultations with APs will form part
of the project implementation. A local NGO/ R&R Implementation agency will be entrusted with
the task of conducting these consultations during RP implementation, which will involve
agreements on compensation, assistance options, and entitlement package and income
restoration. The consultation will continue throughout the project implementation. The following
set of activities will be undertaken for effective implementation of the Plan:
The DIC, with NGO/ R&R Implementation agency assistance, will conduct information dissemination sessions in the subproject area and solicit the help of the local community/ leaders and encourage the participation of the AP‟s in Plan implementation.
During the implementation of RP, a contracted NGO/ R&R Implementation agency and/or DIU, Resettlement Officers (ROs) will organize public meetings, and will appraise the communities about the progress in the implementation of subproject works, particularly in areas to be affected by road improvement.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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Consultation and focus group discussions will be conducted with vulnerable groups like women to ensure that the vulnerable groups understand the process and their needs are specifically taken into consideration.
The DLIC, RO and/or NGO/ R&R Implementation agency will organize public meetings to inform the community about the payment and assistance paid to the community.
In addition, regular update of the program and resettlement component of the project will be placed for public display at the subproject offices.
Lastly, participation of APs will be further ensured through their involvement in the Grievance Redress Cell.
Lastly, EA through DIC will maintain an ongoing interaction with APs to identify problems and undertake appropriate remedial measures.
ADB State Road Project in Jharkhand
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CHAPTER 7:
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
7.1. Introduction
Implementation of RP will be carried out through a set of institutions at various levels. This
chapter describes the implementation framework, and the organizations involved – their roles and
responsibilities – in the implementation of the plan. The primary R&R institutions in this project
would include
High level Committee at the State level headed by Chief Secretary or Development Commissioner (to be constituted)
Executing Agency (EA) will be the Road Construction Department (RCD)
EA will be supported by District level Implementation Cells (DIC) at district level. The DIC will use the services of the following institutions in implementation of the sub components of the project including resettlement actions.
District Level Task Force (DLTF) Non-Government Organizations (NGO)/ R&R Implementation agency Grievance Redressal Cell (GRC) Independent M&E Agency
7.2. Executing Agency
Executing Agency (EA) of the State Road Project in Jharkhand is the Road Construction
Department (RCD) of the State government and will be responsible for overall strategic guidance,
technical supervision, execution of the project, and ensuring compliance with the loan covenants.
7.3 Roles & responsibilities
7.3.1 Project Implementation Cell (PIC) Project Implementation Cell under Road Construction Department will be established in Ranchi.
This PIC will be headed by a full-time Director (ADB Project) reporting to the Secretary – RCD.
The Director will be supported by a Senior District Magistrate who will act as the Land Acquisition
Officer, Grievance Redressal & Information Officer.
The PIC will have the overall responsibility for policy guidance, coordination and planning,
internal monitoring and overall reporting of the Project. Some of the key responsibilities of the
PIC will entail the following:
Appointing Project Support Consultants, and R&R implementing NGO/agency, where
required;
Design and supervision of the subproject;
Ensuring availability of budget for R&R activities;
Overall execution of the Project
ensuring conformance with state, national and ADB social and environmental safeguards
policies.
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7.3.2 District level Implementation Cell (DIC) The DIC will be headed by the Executive Engineer and will have a dedicated R&R Officer (RO) to
implement the RP.
The field based DIC will be responsible for the day-to-day implementation of the RP, assisted by
local NGO/R&R Implementation agency s. The DIC supported by staff and NGO/R&R
Implementation agency, will be responsible for the implementation of the subproject as well as the
following:
Overall responsibility of implementation of R&R activities of the Plan;
Responsible for land acquisition and R&R activities in the field;
Liaison with district administration for land acquisition and implementation of R&R;
Ensure timely disbursement of compensation and assistance to the APs in close
coordination with the concerned line department
DICs will be adequately staffed within two months of loan approval.
7.3.3 Resettlement & Rehabilitation (R&R) Officer
The Resettlement & Rehabilitation Officer will be responsible for the following:
Ensuring subproject compliance with loan covenants;
Undertake internal monitoring of resettlement implementation and prepare quarterly progress
reports for submission to ADB and RCD - PIC.
Oversee coordination with district administration and/or NGO/R&R Implementation agency
for land acquisition and R&R and address problems or delays if any,
Monitor physical and financial progress on land acquisition and R&R activities;
Participate in regular subproject meetings; and
Organize bi-monthly meetings to review the progress on R&R
Monitor and oversee implementation of the resettlement activities and CPR relocation
7.3.3. District Level Task Force (DLTF) A District level Task Force chaired by District Collector and comprising of District Land Acquisition
Officer (DLAO), District Forest Officer (DFO), Executive Engineer and Additional District
Magistrate and Relief Officer has been constituted at the each district level. The main objective of
this DLTF will be to ensure inter-departmental coordination as well as ensure speedy resolution of
issues and grievances of the communities.
DLTF will play the role of an arbitrator, providing a mechanism to mediate conflict and cut down
on lengthy litigation and ensuring speedy resolution of grievances of the affected persons and
communities. It is anticipated that most, if not all grievances, would be settled by the DLTF. The
DLTF will meet once in two months and is expected to resolve the grievances of the eligible
persons within a stipulated time.
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The APs, who are not satisfied with the decision of the DLTF, will have the right to take the
grievance to the PIC for its redress. Failing the redressal of grievance at PIC, the APs will take
the case/grievances to Judiciary.
Grievance Redressal Cell: The RP will have a mechanism to ensure that the benefits are
effectively transferred to the beneficiaries and will ensure proper disclosure and public
consultation with the affected population. In order to effectively do the same a Grievance
Redressal Cell will be established at the District Implementation Cell level. This Cell will comprise
of the Executive Engineer, local NGO representative, community leaders (non- political),
representatives of affected persons including women and vulnerable groups.
The main objective of this cell will be to provide an accessible mechanism to APs to raise their issues and grievances. It will also provide people, who might have objections or concerns about their assistance, a public forum to raise their objections and through conflict resolution (by means of DLTF), address these issues adequately. This cell will act as a bridge between the APs and the District level task force. It is proposed that GRC will meet regularly (at least once a month) on a pre-fixed date. The cell
will look into the grievances of the people and will submit the same to the District level task force
for resolution. Thereafter it shall report to the aggrieved parties about the development regarding
their grievance and decision of DLTF. The claims will be reviewed and resolved within six weeks
from the date of submission.
The GRC will continue to function, for the benefit of the APs, during the entire life of the project. Through public consultations and disclosures, the APs will be informed that they have a right to
grievance redress. The APs can call upon the support of the NGO/ R&R Implementation agency
to assist them in presenting their grievances or queries to this Cell.
7.3.4. Implementing Non Government Organization (NGO)/R&R Implementation Agency Involuntary resettlement is a sensitive issue and strong experience in R&R matters along with
community related skills will be required by the DIC in order to build a good rapport with the
affected community and facilitate satisfactory R&R of the APs. To overcome this deficiency,
experienced and well-qualified NGO/R&R Implementation agency in this field will be engaged to
assist the PIU in the effective, timely and efficient implementation of subproject RP.
The involved NGO/ R&R Implementation agency will be provided an orientation and training in
resettlement management and resettlement policy adopted under the loan by the PIC- RCD.
The NGO/ R&R Implementation agency would play the role of a facilitator and will work as a link
between the PIU and the affected community. Further the NGO/ R&R Implementation agency will
inform the APs on aspects relating to LA and R&R measures for implementation of the Project
and ensure proper utilization of various compensations extended to the APs under the R&R
entitlement package.
It is extremely important to select NGOs/ R&R Implementation agency that are capable, genuine
and committed to the tasks assigned in order to ensure the success of the Resettlement Plan.
Key quality criteria for the NGO/ R&R Implementation agency include:
Experience in direct implementation of programs in local, similar and/or neighboring districts;
Availability of trained staff capable of including APs into their programs; Competence, transparency and accountability based on neutral evaluations, internal
reports, and audited accounts; and
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Integrity to represent vulnerable groups against abuses; experience in representing vulnerable groups, demonstrable mandate to represent local groups.
The Terms of Reference for the NGO/ R&R Implementation agency are appended as Annexure
3.
In addition, an independent Monitoring & Evaluation Agency/Expert will be appointed to closely
monitor the progress of the RP implementation. The details of Project Monitoring & Evaluation
have been provided in Chapter 9.
An organogram detailing the institutional arrangement is presented in Figure 7.1.
Figure 7.1: Institutional Arrangement
Asian Development Bank
Government of India
Government of Jharkhand
RCD – Executing Agency Secretary (RCD)
Executive Engineer District level
Implementation Cell (DIC)
High Level Committee Headed by Chief Secretary or Development Commissioner
GRC
LA, Grievance Redressal & Information Officer
Independent M&E
Affected Person & Community
District Level Task Force (DLTF) at
each district
District Collector
District LA Officer
District Forest Officer (DFO)
Executive Engineer
Addnl. District Magistrate
Director (ADB Projects) Project Implementation Cell
(PIC)
Executive Engineer District level
Implementation Cell (DIC)
Executive Engineer District level
Implementation Cell (DIC)
NGO NGO GRC NGO GRC
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7.4 RP Implementation Schedule
It is likely that the overall project will be implemented over a 3 year period likely to commence months or so after loan approval. As part of advance actions following loan negotiations, the EA will establish the DICs, appoint NGO/agency for resettlement implementation and establish GRC. Prior to implementation of resettlement and related activities an updation of AP list based on the final detailed design will be undertaken. Apart from this, the M&E consultants will be engaged at the time of the commencement of the land acquisition process. All compensation and other assistances34F
35 will be paid to all
APs prior to commencement of civil works. Figure 7.2 below enumerates the RP implementation schedule.
35
While compensation is required prior to dispossession or displacement of affected people from their assets, the full
resettlement plan implementation, which may require income rehabilitation measures, might be completed only over a
longer period of time after civil works have begun. Affected people will be provided with certain resettlement
entitlements, such as land and asset compensation and transfer allowances, prior to their displacement,
dispossession, or restricted access.
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Figure 7.2: Implementation Schedule
PROJECT
COMPONENT & ACTIVITIES
YEAR 2007
YEAR 2008 YEAR 2009 YEAR 2010 YEAR 2011
Q 3
Q
4
Q
1
Q
2
Q
3
Q
4
Q
1
Q
2
Q
3
Q
4
Q
1
Q
2
Q
3
Q
4
Q
1
Q
2
Q
3
Q
4
A. Project Preparation Phase
Initial Poverty & Social Assessment (Completed)
Census survey of the subproject (Completed)
Finalization of subproject design and RP disclosure
Establishment of DIC
Appointment of NGO/agency & Establishment of GRC
Preparation of LA Plan (by EA)
Updating of AP list based on final detailed design
Submission of RP based on final detailed design
Review and approval of RP
Information Campaign & Community Consultation
B. LA Activity & RP implementation
Publication of notification under the State LA Act - appointment of
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competent authority
Land Market survey
Final List of AP & distribution of ID cards
Determination of Compensation & issue of award by competent authority
Payment of compensation for Land & structures
Payment of all other eligible assistance
C. Monitoring and Evaluation
Appointment of independent M&E consultant
Internal Monitoring
External Monitoring (intermittent)
D. Project Construction
Implementation of subprojects for 1st
year/ Commencement of Civil Works
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75
CHAPTER 8
COST ESTIMATES & BUDGET
The following section comprises of the cost estimate for RP implementation. The cost estimate
includes all the costs related to land acquisition, compensation, resettlement assistance, transport,
monitoring and evaluation. The Executing Agency will make available required budget to cover all
compensation and R&R cost. The budget rates, as well as the costs, are based on field-level
information and past experience in resettlement management. The cost estimates included in this
plan also make adequate provision for contingencies (Fifteen per cent).
The rates for land, structures, and trees that have been used in the cost estimates prepared in this
plan have been derived through rapid appraisal and consultation with local revenue authorities,
affected households, recent property sale/transfer to assist in the establishing of the market value for
various types of land.
In addition to the compensation for affected assets and property at replacement cost, the affected
households will also be eligible for a range of assistance in order to ensure restoration of lives and
livelihoods. Some such measures are as follows: -
Transfer grant: A lump sum transfer grant at the rate of Rs.10,000 for shifting households assets and other belonging to new area/location. The cost has been worked out taking into account the average transport costs incurred in such transfers.
Rental accommodation: Project-affected families will further require assistance in case they are
unable to build their shops/residences after the project has taken possession of their property or after demolishing their structures. To meet the transit accommodation, a rental assistance in the form of a grant of Rs.10,000/family to cover three month rental accommodation has been considered. This rental assistance is as per the prevalent rentals in the area.
Transitional Allowance: Title holders & non-titleholders incurring impact on their primary
income due to displacement will be assisted with allowance to for loss of their income during the transitional period. This allowance would be in form of providing Minimum agriculture wage (MAW) for a certain number of days taking into account the extent and nature of lose:
o In case of Titleholders losing income through agriculture, Transitional allowance
equivalent 250 days of Minimum Agricultural Wage 35F
36 (MAW) in the state at the time
of Section 4 notification under LA Act in cases where the loss of land is less than 10% of the total land holding or equivalent to 500 MAW in case where the loss of land is more than 10% of the total land holding.
o In case of Titleholders losing income through business, Monthly subsistence
allowance equivalent to three months of average business income.
o In case of squatters and vulnerable encroachers losing primary source of income, One-time financial assistance for transitional income support equivalent to one time payment unskilled labour entitled for one time payment for 250 days payment as fixed by Government under minimum wages Act job card under National Rural Employment Programme.
36 The Minimum Wage Rate in Jharkhand as per the recent notification in March 2008 is Rs. 91 per day.
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76
o In case of wage earning employees, indirectly affected due to displacement of
commercial structure, one time payment of 200 days of minimum wages 36F
37 as fixed by
the govt. Additional assistance for vulnerable households: Vulnerable37F
38 affected person will be given
additional assistance of Rs.10,000 as lump sum.
Based on this, Table 8.1 lays down the total estimated project budget for the subproject, which is Rs. 227,254,096 (US$ 5,410,812).
Table 8.1: Consolidated Resettlement budget & Cost Estimates
PKG I
Item
Unit Rates
(in Rs.)
Total Quantity
Compensation (in Rs.)
38FR&R Assistance[1]
(in Rs.)
Total (in Rs.)
A: Compensation for acquisition of Private Property
1 Agriculture Land
Irrigated with 2 crops 180,000 91.89 acres 16,540,200 13,232,160 29,772,360
2
Agriculture land Bari Class I
(Cultivable but irrigated
land)
163,000 56.94 acres
9,281,220 7,424,976 16,706,196
3 Private Land
Residential & commercial 180,000 11.57 acres 2,082,600 1,666,080 3,748,680
4
(Residential
Commercial structure & Resi cum Comm)
Pucca/ Permanent
593/ sq. ft.
56,127.82sq ft 33,283,311
- 118,810,011 Semi-Pucca
450/ sq ft 93,474.49sq ft 42,063,300
Kutcha 300 sq ft 144,878.02sq.
ft. 43,463,400
5 Other Private Assets Lump sum 1,016,760
6 Common Property
Resources Lump sum 2,500,000
Sub-total I Rs. 172,554,007
37 The Minimum Wage Rate in Jharkhand as per the recent notification in March 2008 is Rs. 91 per day. 38 The groups of population are considered socially „vulnerable’ comprise of - (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST); (c) female-headed households (FHH); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons.
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77
B: R&R Assistance
1. Transitional Allowance
1.1. Titleholders losing income through agriculture
39FA. Transitional allowance equivalent to 250 days of Minimum Agricultural Wage[2] (MAW) in the state in cases where the loss of land is less than 10% of the total land holding
Rs. 22,750 /
household
289 households
- 6,574,750
B. Transitional allowance equivalent to 500 MAW in case where the loss of land is more than 10% of the total land holding
Rs.45,500 / household
55 households
- 2,502,500
40F1.2. Titleholders losing income through business [Monthly subsistence allowance equivalent to twenty-five days minimum agricultural wages[3] per month for a period of one year from date of displacement]
Rs. 27,300/ household
88 households
- 2,402,400
41F1.3. Squatters and vulnerable encroachers losing primary source of income [One-time financial assistance for transitional income support equivalent to one time payment of 60 days (2 months) of minimum wages[4] as fixed by the govt.]
Rs. 5460/ household
128 households
- 698,880
2.Rental Assistance
Affected households
Rs.10,000 218
households - 2,180,000
Tenants Rs.10,000
months 39 tenants - 390,000
3. Shifting Assistance Rs.5000/
household 295
households - 1,475,000
4. Assistance to Vulnerable households
Rs.10,000/ household
408 households
- 4,080,000
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78
5. Assistance to Employees 42F[one time payment of 60 days (2 months)
of minimum wages[5] as fixed by the govt]
Rs. 5,460/ household
32 employees
- 174,720
6. Assistance for loss of structure (immovable assets constructed by squatters) equivalent to the financial assistance provided under Indira Awaas Yojana Scheme.
Rs. 35,000 /
household
28 households
- 980,000
Sub Total II Rs. 21,458,250
C: Support implementation of RP
Independent Monitoring & Evaluation Agency
Lump sum Rs.500,000 per year for three years
- 1,500,000
NGOs Assistance for RP Implementation Lump sum Rs.700,000 per year for
3 years - 2,100,000
Sub-Total III 3,600,000
TOTAL (in Rs.) of Part I, Part II & Part III Rs. 197,612,257
Contingency (15% of the total) Rs. 29,641,839
Grand total (in Rs.) Rs. 227,254,096 (US$ 5,410,812)
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CHAPTER 9
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
9.1. Need for Monitoring
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) are critical activities in involuntary resettlement in order to
ameliorate problems faced by the APs and develop solutions immediately. Monitoring is a periodic
assessment of planned activities providing midway inputs. It facilitates change and gives necessary
feedback of activities and the directions on which they are going, whereas evaluation is a summing
up activity at the end of the project assessing whether the activities have actually achieved their
intended goals and purposes. In other words, M&E apparatus is a crucial mechanism for measuring
project performance and fulfilment of the project objectives.
9.2. Monitoring at the EA Level
The monitoring mechanism will have a two-tier system at the EA level – Internal Monitoring and
External Monitoring.
First Tier Monitoring: Internal Monitoring
One of the main roles of the PIC will be to oversee, proper and timely implementation of all activities
in RP. Internal Monitoring will be a regular activity for the PIC, which will oversee the timely
implementation of R&R activities. Internal Monitoring will be carried out by the PIC and its agents,
such as NGO/R&R Implementation agency and will prepare monthly reports on the progress of RP
Implementation. PIC will collect information from the subproject/package site and assimilate it in the
form of monthly report to assess the progress and results of RP implementation and adjust work
programme where necessary, in case of delays or problems. Both monitoring and evaluation will
form parts of regular activities and reporting on this will be extremely important in order to undertake
mid-way corrective steps.
Second Tier Monitoring: External or Independent Monitoring
External (or independent) monitoring will be hired by ADB to provide an independent periodic
assessment of resettlement implementation and impacts to verify internal monitoring, and to suggest
adjustment of delivery mechanisms and procedures as required. A social and economic
assessment of the results of delivered entitlements and measurement of the income and standards
of living of the APs before and after resettlement will be integral components of this monitoring
activity.
To function effectively, the consultant/agency responsible for external monitoring will be independent
of the governmental agencies involved in resettlement implementation. The consultant/agency will
provide an independent periodic assessment of resettlement implementation and impacts to verify
internal monitoring, and to suggest adjustment of delivery mechanisms and procedures as required.
The external monitor will submit biannual review directly to ADB and the EA to determine the
effectiveness of RP implementation. The monitoring consultant/agency will be selected within three
months of loan approval by the EA with ADB concurrence. The monitoring will be carried out every
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80
year during the RP implementation. A sample Terms of Reference (TORS) to hire an external
Monitoring & Evaluation Agency/ Consultant is enclosed as Annexure 4.
The key tasks during external monitoring will include:
Review and verify the internal monitoring reports prepared by PIC;
Review of socio-economic baseline census information of pre-displaced persons;
Identification and selection of impact indicators;
Impact assessment through formal and informal surveys with the affected persons;
Consultation with APs, officials, community leaders for preparing review report;
Assess the resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing lessons for future resettlement policy formulation and planning.
The following should be considered as the basis for indicators in monitoring and evaluation of the
project: (i) socio-economic conditions of the APs in the post-resettlement period; (ii) communication
and reactions from APs on entitlements, compensation, options, alternative developments and
relocation timetables etc.; (iii) changes in housing and income levels; (iv) rehabilitation of informal
settlers; (v) valuation of property; (vi) grievance procedures; (vii) disbursement of compensation; and
(viii) level of satisfaction of APs in the post resettlement period.
9.3. Stages of Monitoring
Considering the importance of the various stage of project cycle, the EA will handle the monitoring at
each stage as stated below:
I: Preparatory Stage. During the pre-relocation phase of resettlement operation, monitoring is
concerned with administrative issues such as, budget, land acquisition, consultation with APs in the
preparation of resettlement plan, payments of entitlement due, grievance redressal, and so on.
The key issue for monitoring shall include but will not be limited to: -
Conduct of baseline survey Consultations Identification of AP and the numbers Identification of different categories of APs and their entitlements Collection of gender disaggregated data Inventory & losses survey Asset inventory Entitlements Valuation of different assets Budgeting Information dissemination Institutional arrangements Implementation schedule review, budgets and line items expenditure
II: Relocation Stage. Monitoring during the relocation phase covers such issues as assistance to
APs (especially to vulnerable groups) in physically moving to the new site, selection of alternate
place of relocation etc. The key issue for monitoring will be:
Payment of compensation
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81
Delivery of entitlement Grievance handling Land acquisition Assistance to AP in identifying site for new residential/commercial units Preparation Consultations APs who do not relocate but rehabilitate at same location Payment of compensation Livelihood restoration assistance.
III: Rehabilitation Stage. Once APs have settled down, the focus of monitoring will shift to issues of
income generation – schemes, activities & investments undertaken by APs, impact of the income
generation schemes on living standards, and the sustainability of the new livelihood patterns.
The key issue for monitoring will be:
Initiation of income generation activities Provision of & rehabilitation of affected Common Property Resources Consultations Assistance to enhance livelihood and quality of life
The most crucial components/indicators to be monitored are specific contents of the activities and
entitlement matrix. The RP contains indicators and benchmarks for achievement of the objectives
under the resettlement programme. These indicators and benchmarks are of three kinds:
Process indicators: including project inputs, expenditures, staff deployment, etc.
Output indicators: indicating results in terms of numbers of affected people
compensated and resettled, training held, credit disbursed, etc
Impact indicators: related to the longer-term effect of the project on people's lives.
Input and output indicators related to physical progress of the work will include items as:
Training of DIC, ROs and other staff completed
Public meetings held
Census, assets inventories, assessments and socio-economic studies completed
NGO/R&R Implementation agency recruited and trained
Meeting of DLTF & GRC
Grievance redress procedures in-place & functioning
Compensation payments disbursed
Relocation of PAPs completed
Employment provided to PAPs
Community development activities completed
Community infrastructure repaired
Income restoration activities initiated
Extent of government land identified and allotted to the PAPs, if any
Monitoring and evaluation reports submitted
9.4. Reporting Requirements
Internal Monitoring
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PIC responsible for supervision and implementation of the RP will prepare monthly progress reports
on resettlement activities to the Secretary - RCD. EA will submit quarterly reports to ADB.
External Monitoring: The independent monitoring agency/expert, responsible for overall monitoring
of the Project, will submit a biannual review directly to ADB and determine whether resettlement
goals have been achieved, more importantly whether livelihoods and living standards have been
restored /enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvement.