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Succession Planning - CONSTRUCTION

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A-CDM driven real-time decision making and support system

at RGIA -A new horizon in stakeholder

management

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What is A-CDMAirport Collaborative Decision Making (Airport CDM) is an important enabler that will improve operational efficiency, predictability and punctuality to the ATM network and airport stakeholders.

•It is a concept, which involves ATC, Airport Operators, Airlines & Ground Handlers to come up with a transparent and efficient working methodology to enhance the Air Traffic Flow and the capacity management at an airport and en-route.

•It is about partners working together and making decisions based on more accurate and higher quality information, where every bit of information has exactly the same meaning for every partner involved.

•It primarily revolves around various steps an airport undertakes to reduce flight delays and resolve possible Air traffic flow conflicts

•It brings in positive impact on the operating efficiency of airport partners through predictable reduction in buffer/ lead times for resource planning.

•It also helps in creating an information exchange platform through which preferences and constraints of partners are known.

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A-CDM Benefits

AIRPORT OPERATOR :

Reduced environmental impacts – noise and emissions

Improved punctuality

Improved gate/stand planning and management

Additional flights and passengers possible

AIRLINES

Shorter taxi times, shorter holding before runway access,

Less Boarding gate conflict

Fuel savings

Reduced delays -> cost savings and customer satisfaction

Increased capacity with the same fleet

GROUND HANDLERS

Better planning and use of resources

Improved customer satisfaction

Increased productivity could enable ground handlers to lower their prices

 

 

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A-CDM Benefits

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A-CDM Benefits

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A-CDM Elements

The Airport CDM concept is divided in the following Elements:

Information Sharing

Milestone approach

Variable Taxi time

Collaborative pre departure sequencing

Collaborative Management of Flight updates

CDM in adverse condition

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Information Sharing

The aim of information sharing is to share latest data important for turnaround process to all partners involved at the right time through IT tool or A-CDM interface.

This platform should be user friendly, cost effective and should have the capability of assimilating and disseminating data after due validation.

Another big challenge in todays date is strike a balance between Data Security and transparency.

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Proposed A-CDM Screen for Data sharing

Arrival

DateFlight No. Origin STA CTOT TOTo ETA TMO ATA ONBL

A/C Type REG RWY Routing

Stand no.

Variable Taxi time

 

Departure

Date Flight No. Des STD TOBT BGO BGC ASRT ASAT AOBT ATOTA/C Type REG RWY Routing

Stand no.

Variable Taxi time

STA: Scheduled Time of ArrivalCTOT: Calculated take off time at OriginTOTo: Take of time at OriginETA: Estimated time of arrivalTMO: Ten Miles outATA: Actual time of ArrivalONBL: On Block Time

STD: Scheduled Time of DepartureTOBT: Target off block time BGO: Boarding Gate OpenBGC: Boarding Gate Closed ASRT : Start-up requestASAT : Start-up approvedAOBT : Off BlockATOT : Take off

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Data Source Parameter SourceScheduled Time of Arrival STA Airport System

Calculated take off time at Origin CTOT Airlines/Flight plan

Take of time at Origin TOTo Airlines/ Movement Msg

Estimated time of arrival ETA ATC

Ten Miles out TMO Radar/VHF

Actual time of Arrival ATA ATC

On Block Time ONBL VDGS/CCTV

Scheduled Time of Departure STD Airport System

Target off block time TOBT Airlines

Boarding Gate Open BGO Airport System

Boarding Gate Closed BGC Airport System

Start-up request ASRT VHF

Start-up approved ASAT VHF

Off Block Time AOBT GOS/CCTV

Take off ATOT ATC

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Milestone Approach

The Milestone Approach Element describes the progress of a flight from the initial planning to the take off by defining Milestones to enable close monitoring of significant events. It aims at generating alert trigger whenever there is a discrepancy between the actual time and calculated time over and above the set tolerance.

The aim is to achieve a common situational awareness and to predict the forthcoming events for each flight with off-blocks and take off as the most critical events

The entire concept of Milestone Approach is based on the precondition that all relevant Stake Holders agree for Information Sharing.

The Milestone Approach combined with the Information Sharing element is the foundation for all other Concept Elements

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Milestone Approach

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22 44

33 10107755 1212 1414 1616

99

88

661313

1111

1515

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Information correlation & flow

Time Activity Submitted By To ALL ACDM Partners especially relevant to -- Information Updated

Milestone 1 EOBT - 3 hrs Flight Plan Activation (Submission) Aircraft Operator ATC , Airport Operator ELDT,EIBT

Milestone 2EOBT - 2 hrs CTOT Allocation ATC

Relevant ATS Units , AOAirport Operator ELDT

Milestone 3 ATOT (Actual Take off time) From Outstation Take off from Outstation ADEP Airport Operator ELDT,EIBT, TOBT,TTOT

Milestone 4Dependent upon the position of the airport in relation to the FIR boundary. Variable Local Radar Update

Area Control Centre (ACC) /ATC AO/GH ELDT, EIBT, TOBT and TTOT

Milestone 5 Variable Final Approach Phase ATC AO/GH ELDT, EIBT, TOBT and TTOT Milestone 6 ALDT Actual Landing ATC AO/GH EIBT, TOBT and TTOTMilestone 7 AIBT (Actual In Block Time) Actual in Block ATC AO/GH TOBT, TTOTMilestone 8 ACGT (Actual Ground Handling Start Time) Ground Handling Activities Start AO/GH ATC, Aircraft Operator ETTT/TBOT and TTOTMilestone 9 Target Off BlocK Time Variable Final confirmation of TARGET OFF BLOCK TIME AO/GH ATC, Aircraft Operator TBOT/TTOT

Milestone 10 Target Start Up Approval Time Variable ATC issues TSAT ATC Aircraft/ Airline Operator TTOTMilestone 11 Boarding starts Variable Boarding AO/GH ATC N.A

Milestone 12ARDT (Actual Ready Time) Aircraft is ready AO/GH

Airline Operator/Airport Operator N.A

Milestone 13ASRT (Actual Start up Request Time) Start up is requested

ATC (based on Pilot request)

Airline Operator/Airport Operator N.A

Milestone 14ASAT (Actual Start up Approval Time) Start up Approved ATC

Airline Operator/Airport Operator N.A

Milestone 15AOBT (Actual Off Block Time) Off Block ATC

Airline Operator/Airport Operator AOBT recorded

Taxi Out Milestone 16 ATOT (Actual Take Off Time) Take Off ATC Airline Operator/Airport OperatorATOT recordedOUTBOUND

Boarding

Turnaround

Data Coherency Check

FIR entry / Local ATC

Taxi In

INBOUND

TURNAROUND

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Variable taxi time

• A complex airport system of runway and parking stands can result in a large difference in taxi time. Instead of using a standard default value, a calculation of the different permutations for stands and taxi routing based upon historic data with operational experience will provide a set of more realistic individual taxi times.

• For Airport CDM purposes, taxi time is considered to be:

For arriving flights:

Taxi‐in time = Actual On‐Block Time ‐ Actual Landing Time

For departing flights:

Taxi‐out time = Actual Take Off Time ‐ Actual Off‐Block Time

• Accurate taxi times are essential for calculating the following important times in the milestones approach:

– Estimated On Block Time (EOBT)

– Estimated/Target Take Off Time (E/TTOT) and

– Calculated Take Off Time (CTOT)

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Collaborative pre departure sequencing

• Collaborative pre departure sequencing allows ATC to arrange the Target Off Block Times (TOBT) obtained from the Turnaround Process in a way that flights can depart from their stands in the optimum order in place of traditional first come first serve concept.

• The main objectives of Collaborative Pre departure Sequence are:– Enhance flexibility– Improve punctuality– Improve slot adherence– Improve transparency– Improve ground handling efficiency– Improve stand and gate management

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Collaborative Management of Flight Updates

• This Element ensures the required operational flexibility of ATFM to cope with modifications in departure times, due to traffic changes and operators’ preferences. It requires the availability of precise taxi times provided by Variable Taxi Time Calculation and the CDM Turn‐round Process.

• The main objectives the Collaborate Management of Flight Updates are:

– Ensure the completeness of information between en‐route and airport operations

– Improve predictability of ground operations through enhanced initial information about inbound flights

– Improve estimates of take off times, allowing a more accurate and more predictable view of the traffic situation, resulting in improved ATFM slot allocation

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CDM in adverse condition

• In Adverse Conditions, A-CDM helps airports minimize the impact on operations due to bad weather/ natural climatic condition by disseminating relevant information in anticipation of disruptions and allowing a rapid recovery after disruptions.

• Changes in airport capacity are communicated in real time to the Airport part will help in proper planning and sequencing of flights.

• This will also help in the event of Airport infrastructural failure also by communication recovery time and expected delay in turn around procedure if any.

• This enables the development of strategies to help deal with the situation as it evolves

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Airport Profile

• Airport situated at Hyderabad• PPP model Airport• Runway : Single runway of 4000M X 60M (09-27),with a parallel taxiway• Rapid Exit taxiway= 2 each side of runway• Exit point from Runway :10 points• Connecting taxiway to main apron : 3• No. of Stands :42• Airport Capacity: 28 Mvmt/Hrs• Peak hrs movement: 20 Mvmt• On time Performance: 85%• Passenger traffic : 9MPPA • Predominate Domestic traffic• Predominate Aircraft fleet: Q-400/ATR/B-737/A-320

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GAP Analysis

Gap analysis has been done to determine what steps need to be taken in order to move from the current state to the desired, future state CDM airport.

The gaps of implementing ACDM at RGIA were identified by conducting GAP analysis at each and every stage. •Educating all partners•Setting up Organization structure •Setting Objectives•Signing of MOU between partners•Setting up CDM project plan•Implementation Process•Identifying Risks and their Mitigation•Post Implementation Activities

The gap analysis was done for the major stakeholders – Airport and Airline operator

GAP analysis

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Cost involvedIn terms of money (in million)

In terms of Man power (in man days)

Summary cost cash flow Year 1 Year 2 Average on-going

CDM project definition and management

₹ 1.25 ₹ 1.25 ₹ 0.92

Procedures development ₹ 0.00 ₹ 0.76 ₹ 0.00Training ₹ 0.34 ₹ 0.22 ₹ 0.34System integration ₹ 0.89 ₹ 0.00 ₹ 0.00Hardware ₹ 0.00 ₹ 0.00 ₹ 0.00

Total ₹ 1.68 ₹ 1.55 ₹ 1.27

Summary effort Year 1 Year 2 Average on-going

CDM project definition and management

270 270 20

Procedures development 0 29 0Training 117 67 10System integration 20 0 0Hardware 0 0 0Total 407 366 30

 Costs incurred in implementing CDM Costs to be incurred for a period of time

1 Project Management10 (2 years + 8 years of post-implementation activities)

2 Project Definition 2 years3 Procedure Development 1 year4 Training 4 years5 System Integration 1 year6 Hardware 1 year

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Benefits

  Benefits by ACDM ImpactRecipient/Benificiary

Applicable at Airport Reasons for NO

           

1Fewer Lost slots Financial Airlines Yes  

2Departure Punctuality Economic Passengers Yes  

3Reduced Outbound taxi time Financial Airlines Yes  

4Reduced ground emissions (Outbound) Economic

Local Community

Yes  

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Reduction in Delay - Late arrivals, allocate stand/gate with MTT to minimize reactionary delays

Financial Airlines NoSmall Airport, taxing times are too small

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Improved cost efficiency - Ground handlers do not arrive too EARLY at the stand

Financial Handlers Yes  

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Improve Customer Service - Ground handlers do not arrive LATE at the stand

Financial Handlers Yes  

8Improved Asset Utilization Financial Handlers Yes  

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Improved Cost efficiency - Fuelling services at the right place and right time

Financial Handlers Yes  

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Improved Cost efficiency - De icing services at the right place and right time

Financial Handlers No No ICING problem

11Reduce in Bound taxi time Financial Airlines Yes  

12Reduce ground emissions 2 (Inbound) Economic

Local Communtiy

Yes  

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C& B Analysis

The final Analysis table comprising of all the costs and benefits( Fig. in million):-

Impact Year 1 Year 2 Average on-goingCost ₹ 1.68 ₹ 1.55 ₹ 1.27Economic benefit ₹ 5.08 ₹ 7.33 ₹ 9.26Financial benefit ₹15.59 ₹14.56 ₹21.62Grand Total ₹20.82 ₹22.03 ₹30.89

The Cost to Benefit ratio is approximately more than 1:10

RGIA-CBA

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Challenges in A-CDM Implementation

Following are the main challenges to implement A-CDM:

•Technological limitation•Unwillingness to data sharing•Mix of Government & private operated Airports.•No Airport to Airport Data exchange platform•No central agency for implementation (e.g Euro control)•Surplus capacity available at most of the Indian Airports – thus resource optimization is not the key focus area.•No immediate benefit for Airports.•Multi Ground Handler presence.

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Way forward for A-CDM

As of now A-CDM has more emphasis on Airside/ slot related issue and very less focus on terminal related issues. As a way forward, following areas can be taken care in A-CDM, which will also impact on Operational performance, Aircraft turnaround and OTP:

1.Integration with terminal processes2.Reduction in Runway occupancy time3.Touch point improvement4.Environmental initiatives( Reduction in Scope 2 & 3 emission)5.Improvement in baggage delivery and Handling.

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