India and SouthEast India and SouthEast AsiaAsia

I. Foundations of Indian I. Foundations of Indian CivilizationCivilization

A.A. The Indian The Indian SubcontinentSubcontinent

Monsoon – Indian Monsoon – Indian OceanOcean

Multiple harvests per Multiple harvests per yearyear

Indus Valley – arid, Indus Valley – arid, needs irrigationneeds irrigation

Trade with Arabia – Trade with Arabia – IndonesiaIndonesia

Indus River Valley Indus River Valley Civilization fell 1900 Civilization fell 1900 BCE, writing, cause BCE, writing, cause of fall?of fall?

What geographic What geographic zones would you zones would you break India into?break India into?

B. The Vedic Age, 1500 – 500 B. The Vedic Age, 1500 – 500 BCEBCE

VedasVedas Indo – European invasionsIndo – European invasions Oral traditionsOral traditions Aryas – light – north – Indo Aryas – light – north – Indo

- European- European Dasas – dark – south – Dasas – dark – south –

DravidianDravidian VarnaVarna Class, caste, and jatiClass, caste, and jati Atman, reincarnation, Atman, reincarnation,

karmakarma Sacrifice/male godsSacrifice/male gods Rig Veda, BrahmanasRig Veda, Brahmanas Sanskrit – ORALSanskrit – ORAL WomenWomen

Brahmin (mouth)

Kshatriya (arms)

Vaishya (thighs)

Shudra (feet)

Untouchables

What impact did the What impact did the Aryan invasions Aryan invasions starting in the starting in the 1600s have on the 1600s have on the Indian Indian subcontinent?subcontinent?

Compare and Compare and contrast the Indian contrast the Indian caste system with caste system with the use of slavery in the use of slavery in Greece and Rome. Greece and Rome.

C. Challenges to the Old Order: C. Challenges to the Old Order: Jainism and BuddhismJainism and Buddhism

700 BCE – spiritual 700 BCE – spiritual oppositionopposition

Moksha, UpanishadsMoksha, Upanishads Jainism (Mahavira)Jainism (Mahavira) Siddhartha Guatama (563 – Siddhartha Guatama (563 –

483 BCE)483 BCE) Four Noble TruthsFour Noble Truths Eightfold PathEightfold Path LIVE IN MODERATIONLIVE IN MODERATION Nirvana – releaseNirvana – release Later – hierarchy, Later – hierarchy,

institutionsinstitutions Buddha/BodhisatvasBuddha/Bodhisatvas Influence of Greeks on Influence of Greeks on

depictionsdepictions Mahayana (Great Vehicle)Mahayana (Great Vehicle) Theravada (Teachings of Theravada (Teachings of

the Elders)the Elders)

Explain WHY Buddhism rose and declined Explain WHY Buddhism rose and declined in India.in India.

D. The Rise of HinduismD. The Rise of Hinduism 44thth c. CE - Vedic tradition c. CE - Vedic tradition

adjusted (north and adjusted (north and south)south)

Gods/worshippersGods/worshippers VishnuVishnu ShivaShiva DeviDevi Diversity – unityDiversity – unity Temples, puja, Temples, puja,

pilgrimage, festivalspilgrimage, festivals Impact of class on Impact of class on

worshipworship New expectations of New expectations of

life/dutieslife/duties Inclusion of Inclusion of

Buddhism/JainismBuddhism/Jainism

Compare and contrast the impact that Compare and contrast the impact that Buddhism and Hinduism had on the Buddhism and Hinduism had on the individual worshipper. individual worshipper.

II. Imperial Expansion and II. Imperial Expansion and Collapse, 324 BCE – 650 CECollapse, 324 BCE – 650 CE

Difficulty in obtaining Difficulty in obtaining POLITICAL unityPOLITICAL unity

A.A. The Mauryan Empire, 324 The Mauryan Empire, 324 – 184 BCE– 184 BCE

600 BCE - Many 600 BCE - Many kingdomskingdoms

Magadha most powerful, Magadha most powerful, Ganges plainGanges plain

ChandraguptaChandragupta ArthashastraArthashastra Administration (taxes, Administration (taxes,

governors, army, mines, governors, army, mines, urban committees) urban committees)

PataliputraPataliputra Ashoka – Buddhism, Ashoka – Buddhism,

nonviolence, religious nonviolence, religious tolerancetolerance

Why was the Mauryan Empire the Why was the Mauryan Empire the first to achieve political unity in first to achieve political unity in India?India?

B. Commerce and Culture in an B. Commerce and Culture in an Era of Political FragmentationEra of Political Fragmentation

Foreign powers: Greco – Foreign powers: Greco – Bacrian, Shakas, KushansBacrian, Shakas, Kushans

Political fragmentation BUT Political fragmentation BUT active commerce/tradeactive commerce/trade

RamayanaRamayana and and Mahabharata (Bhagavad – Mahabharata (Bhagavad – Gita) Gita)

Tension: duty to society vs. Tension: duty to society vs. soulsoul

Disciplined action – service Disciplined action – service – release from – release from reincarnationreincarnation

Indian doctorsIndian doctors Linguistics – SanskritLinguistics – Sanskrit Andhra Dynasty/Three Andhra Dynasty/Three

Tamil KingdomsTamil Kingdoms Classical Period (arts)Classical Period (arts)

How does the How does the Bhagavad – Gita Bhagavad – Gita demonstrate the impact that demonstrate the impact that Buddhism had on Vedic traditions?Buddhism had on Vedic traditions?

C. The Gupta Empire, 320 – 550 CEC. The Gupta Empire, 320 – 550 CE Modeled on MauryansModeled on Mauryans Chandra Gupta (r. 320 – Chandra Gupta (r. 320 –

325) – control over 325) – control over commerce, resources, commerce, resources, monopoliesmonopolies

Subjects – laborSubjects – labor Bureaucracy in CORE, Bureaucracy in CORE,

governors exploited governors exploited periphery, army ensured periphery, army ensured tributetribute

““Theater – state” – benefits Theater – state” – benefits of empireof empire

Mathematics, sciencesMathematics, sciences Women: property, Women: property,

education, marriage, satieducation, marriage, sati Options: nun or courtesanOptions: nun or courtesan Monarchs: HindusMonarchs: Hindus Resurgence: Vedic Resurgence: Vedic

practices, Brahmin priests, practices, Brahmin priests, class and caste, templesclass and caste, temples

CommerceCommerce Collapse - HunsCollapse - Huns

Does the “theater – state” model entirely Does the “theater – state” model entirely explain how the Gupta Empire was able to explain how the Gupta Empire was able to control a vast array of kingdoms under its control a vast array of kingdoms under its rule? Explain why or why not.rule? Explain why or why not.

III. Southeast Asia, 50 – 600 III. Southeast Asia, 50 – 600 CECE Geographical AreasGeographical Areas

Climate, agricultural Climate, agricultural practices, productspractices, products

Malay peoples (3000 BCE) Malay peoples (3000 BCE) – migration, navigational – migration, navigational skillsskills

Rainforests, bronze, water Rainforests, bronze, water (councils)(councils)

Chinese control: N. Chinese control: N. IndochinaIndochina

Commerce and Hindu – Commerce and Hindu – Buddhist CultureBuddhist Culture

New trade route – silkNew trade route – silk Route: South China Sea – Route: South China Sea –

Malay Peninsula – Bay of Malay Peninsula – Bay of Bengal - IndiaBengal - India

Later goods: woods, Later goods: woods, spices, etc.spices, etc.

II. Continued…II. Continued… Commerce brought Commerce brought

cultureculture Missionaries, pilgrimsMissionaries, pilgrims Indian knowledge/artsIndian knowledge/arts Funan (1Funan (1stst – 6 – 6thth c. CE) c. CE) Economic center: Economic center:

agriculture and tradeagriculture and trade Strategic locationStrategic location DeclineDecline

Compare and contrast the cores of Compare and contrast the cores of Pataliputra and Funan. Pataliputra and Funan.