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Aakash Solanki
Love My India
An Overview
Ancient India
Basic chronology
c. 3000 BCE: farming settlements appear along
the valley of the river Indus
in what is now Pakistan
c. 2500 BCE: high point of the Indus Valley
civilization
c. 2000 BCE: some Indus sites showing signs of
decline
c. 1500 BCE: the Aryan invasions
Indus Valley civilization
Right: artist’s recreation of Mohenjo-Daro
Below: Great Bath ruins
Mohenjo-Daro
Everyday life
Aryan invaders
Below: an illustration of
a scene from the Rig-
Veda
Alien gods and values
Below: Brahma, Vishnu, and
Shiva
Right: the monkey god
Ancient India
GLORIOUS HISTORY OF INDIA
BY CHAUHAN JAYDIPSINH R.
At Cawnpore the British made anyone suspected of being a rebel lick the ground where the British had been butchered
Other rebels were tied to the mouths of cannons and blown to pieces
1000’s died from both sides, and the relationships between the British and the Indians would never be the same again…..
The ‘British Raj’, 1858-1947 In 1858 in response to the
rebellion, the British Government abolished the East India Company and declared that India would be ruled directly by the British Government
The army brought more British officers to India to prevent anymore rebellions
This British ‘raj’, meaning ‘rule’, would continue until a man called Gandhi led India to independence….you’ll find out about him in the Year 8 ‘Human Rights, Human Wrongs’ topic…..
5,000 year old civilization
325 languages spoken – 1,652 dialects
18 official languages
29 states, 5 union territories
3.28 million sq. kilometers - Area
7,516 kilometers - Coastline
1,000,000,000 people in 2000
The Great Indian Epics
Ramayana MahabharataLongest Epic in world
literature with 100,000
two-line stanzas
The first Indian epic
15th August , 1947
Indian Independence
26th January , 1950
Republic- India
National Emblem
“Truth alone triumphs”
The Taj Mahal
Jai Hind
-
Agriculture
Chapter 10
By Eugene Stanton
The
Economic
s of
Farming
The reason why farming varies around the world relates to distribution across space of cultural and environmental factors.
Elements of the physical environment, such as climate, soil, and topography, set broad limits on agricultural practices, and farmers make choices to modify the environment in a variety of ways.
Broad climate patterns influence the crops planted in a region, and local soil conditions influence the crops planted on an individual farm.
Farmers choose from a variety of agricultural practices, based on their perception of the value of each alternative.
These values are partly economic and partly cultural.
How farmers deal with their physical environment varies according to dietary preferences, availability of technology, and other cultural traditions.
At a global scale, farmers increasingly pursue the most profitable agriculture.
Vegetative Planting Hearths
Fig. 10-1: There were several main hearths, or centers of origin, for vegetative crops
(roots and tubers, etc.), from which the crops diffused to other areas.
World Climate Regions
Fig. 10-5b: Simplified map of the main world climate regions (see also Fig. 2.2).
World Corn (Maize) Production
Fig. 10-7: The U.S. and China are the leading producers of corn (maize) in the world.
Much of the corn in both countries is used for animal feed.
Meat Production on Ranches
Fig. 10-12: Cattle, sheep, and goats are the main meat animals raised on ranches.
Key Issue 4: Economic Issues of
Agriculture
Economic issues of commercial farmers
Access to markets
Overproduction
Sustainable agriculture
Economic issues of subsistence farmers
Population growth
International trade
Increasing food supply
Grain Importers and Exporters
Fig. 10-15: Most countries are net importers of grain. The U.S. is the largest net exporter.
The Sahel
Fig. 10-16: The Sahel, which is south of the Sahara, frequently faces drought and
food shortages, as does the Horn of Africa.
2008 Fulbright Summer Seminar to India & Sri Lanka
Indian Culture and Music
India-South Asian
Adventure!
“Unity through diversity” is the theme of the approximately one billionpeople that live in a country that is so big, it’s called a subcontinent!
India’s Government
India is the
world’s
largest
democracy
India’s People Eat Many Foods
Rice
Vegetables
Seafood
Meat-however, cows are considered sacred by Hindus, many of whom are vegetarian
Masala-spices
Tea-common drink
India’s
History
Indian civilization is ancient
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the first civilizations on earth
The Vedic period was a time in Indian history when the Hindu religion and caste system began in India
Mughal Empire was the last and the strongest Islamic empire in India
Agra & the Taj Mahal
Agra is a large city in northern India
It is the home of India’s greatest historical monument, the Taj Mahal
Traditional Elements
of Indian Music
Melody (raga)
Drone
(harmony)
Rhythm (tala)
India’s People and the Musical Instruments
of India Are Very Diverse!
India, the
land of
“Unity
through
diversity!”
“Indian food is the reflection of the heritage of its people. It represents its historical
development, religious beliefs, cultural practices, and above all, its geographical
attributes”
Indian Cuisine
North most Part of India (Highland climate), valley of Kashmir with magnificent Persian gardens and terraced lakes, brisk, cool fresh air is lured with fragrance of pine and saffron flowers. Walnuts and fruit orchards, morels and black cumin seeds grow wild, cool climate for sheep, thus lamb forms the basis of many Kashmiri dishes.
Long grain rice known as Basmati grow in the foothills of the mountain
Cooking styleNorth India has the most popular and refined style of cooking. Originated from Moghuls in sixteenth century. There are Turk-Mongols by origin and Moslem by religion. They admire most culture is Persian since they are influence by it on their way to India.
Moghul food: lovers of nature and food life, keen sense of beauty, and a passion for elegance. Good for meat preparations and rice pilafs, delicate flavorings and superb silk sauces (often mistaken for Persian dish).
Yogurt, cream, fruit and nut betters are incorporated into the food to mellow and velvetize the sauces
Mild but fragrant spices: cinnamon, cardamom, mace, nutmeg and clove; saffron (especially in rice pilafs)
Tandoori oven
Spices“warm” spices: generate internal body heat (recommended for cold
weather). Examples: bay leaf, black cardamom, cinnamon, ginger powder, mace, nutmeg, red pepper (used often in cool climate of Kashmir). Tea is flavored by cinnamon and cardamom in cool climate.
“cool” spices: take heat away from one’s system. All other spices range from very cool to moderate warm and suitable at all times in all climates
In Plain region, ‘cool’ spices added to beverages “cool punch’ milk, almond milk, sunflower and cantaloupe seeds, fennel, cloves, and green cardamom
Spices induce perspiration: hot weather Indians drink hot spice-laced tea; some spices have several properties:
Saffron: orange-yellow color and a hypnotizing aroma to a dish
Coriander: thicken a sauce and imparts a nutty fragrance
Onions: thicken and perfume Moghul grains
Tomatoes: tenderizing and souring agents
Spices all have to be cooked before use, mixed well-balance, no once dominates.
Classic Indian Cooking by Julie Sahni, William Morrow and Company, Inc, New
York, 1980,541pp.Nutmeg yes Dark brown shell enclosed within the mace membrane; uses in Moghul and Kashmiri cooking, vegetable
preparations and relishes
Onion
seed
yes Nigella, nothing in common with onion plant; uses in pickling, vegetable dishes; sprinkling on top of
tandoor-baked bread
Paprika red From mild variety of chili pod of the plant Capsicum grown in the valleys of Kashmir; uses in Kashmiri
cooking for read coloring like kabobs, kaftas and other meat
Pomegran
ate
Sweeti
sh-
sour
Fruit of the tropical tree native to Asia Minor and Mediterranean regions; uses in vegetables and lentils in
north Indian cooking; and in pastries
Poppy
seed
yes White poppy seed plant native to Asia Minor (no opium); uses in meat, dish, and shellfish as thickener
Red
pepper
hot Red chili; sun dried chili pod of the plant Capsicum; uses for hot and enhance other flavorings
Saffron Yes orangi
sh-
yellow
Dried stigmas of flowers of the saffron plant native to Asia Minor and southern Europe; Most expensive
spice in the world ($2,000 per pound; takes a quarter of a million dried stigma from 75,000 flowers to
make a pound); uses in meat and poultry, rice, desserts, and pilafs
Salt Yes alkalin
e
Many varieties of salt; cold appetizers; relishes and cold drinks in north
Tamarind Tangy
-sour
Pulpy pod of the tropical plant Tamarindus Indica, native to India; in North uses in relishes, vegetable,
lentil and beans; in south and southwestern regions as souring agent
Turmeric yes Golde
n
yellow
A perennial tropical herb native to India; Roots are the main ingredient in curry powder; uses in
vegetables, meat, poultry, seafood; never used in dishes containing cream; most important and sacred
spice of Hindus and used in religious and social rituals (bride neck thread is dipped in turmeric paste; not
as popular in north and northwestern region (Saffron and other coloring flowering replace it);
White yes It is a legume, but uses as spice in southern and southwestern regions; uses in vegetables and legume;
Group 12:
Lt Col D G Naik
Grenville Savio Noronha
Gnanasundaram C
Kaushik K
HS 700: Applied Economics
Course Project Presentation
Leading Indicators
of the Indian Economy
Introduction
The increasing importance of the Indian Economy
has led to a need to Forecast the Performance of
the of the Indian Economy
Monitoring of the Indian Economic Cycle has
become an increasingly attractive option for this
Dua et. al. initially propounded an index based on
concurrent indicators but using an index based on
leading indicators is seen to be more appropriate.
Gross Domestic Product
GDP = consumption + investment +
government
spending + (exports − imports)
Consumption, Investment: Final Expenditure on
Goods and Services
Export-Import: Balance of Trade
Consumption: Private and Public
Significance of GDP
GDP: Indian Scenario
GDP: Indian Scenario
Human Development Index
R&D expenditure even in India’s fast-growing IT sector has been averaging around 3% of sales turnover (STO), which is much lower as compared to the 14-19% expended by internationally reputed software firms.
These low figures reflect on our R&D performance. India’s share of global scientific output in 1998 was only 1.58 per cent of the world’s total.
Out of 500,000 new patent applications filed globally each year, China accounts for 96,000 and Korea accounts for 72,000, while India accounts for only 8,000.
Human Development Index
Top sectors attracting FDI from USA are
Fuels (Power & Oil Ref.) (35.93%)
Telecommunications (radio paging, cellular
mobile & basic telephone services) (10.56%)
Electrical Equipment (including Computer
Software & Electronics) (9.50%)
Food Processing Industries (Food products &
marine products) (9.43%)
Service Sector (Fin. & Non-Fin. Services)
(8.28%).
References
1. Pami Dua and Anirvan Banerji, “A leading index for the Indian economy,” Working paper no. 90, Centre for Development Economics, March, 2001.
2. J –D Lindlbauer, “Business Cycle Indicators From Qualitative Data,” In Searh of Economic Indicators Essays on Business Surveys (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Werner H. Stringel, Ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1977.
3. Raj Kapila and Uma Kapila, Understanding India’s Economy Reforms: The Past, The Present and The Future, New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 1996.
4. Uma Kapila, Indian Economy since Independence, New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 1998
5. [Online], Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India
6. [Online], Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product
7. [Online], Available: http://ibef.org/home.aspx8. [Online], Available: http://www.investopedia.com9. [Online], Available: http://www.rbi.org.in10. [Online], Available: http://www.ibef.org11. [Online], Available: http://rbi.org.in/12. [Online], Available: http://www.economywatch.com/
For example-:
Basketball,volleyball, cricket,
badminton, table tennis, football,
lawn tennis etc.
About Basketball There are seven players
in basketball.
In playing basketball we can stretch our body,to become taller.
In basketball first we have to dribble the ball and then throw it into the basket.
We have to take the ball from the other team.
Basketball is a very interesting game.
About Football There are eleven players
in football.
In football we have to kick the ball with the help of our foot.
In this game we can’t touch the ball with our hands,only the goalkeeper can touch it with his hands.if any of the player touch the ball with her hand,it would be a foul.
About running . In this the players
have to run very fast to complete the race.
In this there are no teams all the players are single.
All the players came from different States.
It is very interesting
About Cricket
In this game there are two teams in every team there are eleven players.
Both the teams are from other countries.
The winner team is selected for the next level.