INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES Genera and species listed …978-94-009-1685-2/1.pdf · INDEX TO GENERA...

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES Genera and species listed in appendices are not indexed

Abarema filamentosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Abrophyllum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 223 Abryna regis petri .................... 94 Acacia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 Acalypha stipulacea .................. 327 Acantho/epsls ...................... 120 Acanthomyrmex ..................... 120 Acer saccharum ..................... 219 Acmena acuminatissima ................ 327 Acronychia vestita ................... 219 Acropsilus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Acropyga ......................... 120 Actyolepis puspa .................... 292 Acylophorus ................... 88-91, 93 Adinandra ...................... .. 223 Aedes gombakensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Aenictus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Afromomum ..................... .. 219 Agelaea bomeensis ................... 441 Aglaia ditfusa ...................... 327

iloilo ......................... 328 llanosiana ...................... 327 longipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 luzoniensis ...................... 327

Ahaetulla fasciolatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 prasinus ................... 155,318

Ahemia glandulosa ................... 328 Ajuga ........................... 325 Allnzia pedicellaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Aleurites cordata ................ 221, 225

moluccana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Allactoneura .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Allantus integrifolia ................... 328 Allostethella guttata .................. 92 Allotinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 293, 294 Alocasia guttata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48

lowii .......................... 48 Alphitonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

petriei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 226 Alpmia glabra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 ATseodaphne longipes ................. 328 Alstonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

scholaris ....................... 328 Amblyopone ....................... 11 Amblypsilopus ...................... 185 Amegl1la ....................... 59, 64 Amomum ......................... 47 Amphiesma flavifrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Amydrium medium ................... 48 Andira . .......................... 483 Andropadus curvirostris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Anguilla marmorata ........ 309,380,381,384 Amsoptera thurifera .................. 235 Annona salzmanii .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483,484 Anopheles asiaticus . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89, 90, 93 Anoplolepis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 120, 294 Anorrhinus galeritus .................. 155 Ansonia albomaculata ............. 317,321

leptopus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 longtdigita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 spinuliJer ................... 317,321

Anthene emolus ..................... 292 Anthocephalus chinensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Aonyx cinerea .................. 343, 427 Aphaenogaster ................... 11, 120 Aphanamixis perrottetiana .............. 328 Aphantaulax ....................... 92 Apis ........................ 59, 62-65

andreniformis .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 62 cerana .................... 61-63, 65 dorsata ...................... 59i 62 koschevnikovi ................ 59, 6 -65 mellifera .................. 62, 63, 65

Aplopeltura boa ..................... 318 Aporosa lunata ........... 367, 368, 370, 371 Apostasia elliptica ................... 48 Apterygodon vittaturn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Arachnothe ra crassirostris .............. 107

longirostris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Aralia elata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Araucaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Arborophila charltoni ................. 155 Ardisia ........................... 328 Areca catechu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

547

minuta ........................ 444 Arenga undulatifolia .................. 444 Argyrodendron peralatum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Arhopala buddTia .................... 292

metamuta ....................... 292 Armigeres ....................... 89, 97

dolichocephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 flavus .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93

Artocarpus ovatus .................... 328 Asyndetus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Athertonia diversifolia .. . . . . . . . . . .. 224, 225 Atta ............................ 10 Attalea acaulis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

funifera .................. 477-479, 483 humilis ........................ 483

Baccaurea kunst/eri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Bactris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Baptista ................. 88-90, 93, 96, 97 Barbodes collingwoodi .... 309-312, 380, 381, 384 Barringtonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Basilia hispida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91 Batraxis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Begonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155, 167

cyanescens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 guttata ........................ 155 phoeniogramma ................... 155

Beilschmiedia bancroftii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 brunnea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 recurva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 tooram ........................ 224

Berenicomis comatus .................. 155 Betula allegheniensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Bischofia javanica ................... 328 Blastophaga wassae .................. 285 Boesenbergia burttiana .............. 48, 50 Boiga drapiezii ..................... 318 Borassodendron bomeense .............. 444 Bowenia spectabilis ................... 221 Brachyrhynchus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 Brachystegia ....................... 543 Bradysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Bronchocela cristatella ............ 318, 321 Bruguiera ......................... 429 Bubo coromandus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Bucephalandra motleyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Buceros bicomis ..................... 155

rhinoceros ...................... 155 Bufo asper ........................ 317

divergens ....................... 317 juxtasper ................... 317,321

Bulbitermes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Bvrsonima sericea ................... 483 Calamus . ...................... 23, 167

amplijugus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 comptus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 442, 526 comrostris ...................... 526 jlabellatus ...................... 526 laevigatus ...................... 526 manan ......................... 430 muricatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 pogonacanthus ................... 526 praeterrnissus .................... 526 sordidus ....................... 526 zonatus .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

Caleta roxus ....................... 293 Callicarpa .................... 226, 363 Callosclurus ....................... 74

melanogaster .................... 427 notatus .............. 177, 178, 343, 344 prevostii ................ 177, 178, 343

Ca{ophyllum ....................... 412 inophylloides .................... 429

Calyptomena viridis .................. 428 Campnospermum .................... 348 Camponotus ............. 10, 120, 292, 339

gigas .......... 62,331-334,336-339,362 Camptandra ....................... 155 Camptopteromyia fractipennis . . . . . . . . . . 90, 93 Canarium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

asperum ....................... 328 Caprrcorms sumatraensis ............... 156 Carebara ......................... 11 Carpinus betulus .................... 219 Carya ....................... 224, 226

548 GENUS AND SPECIES INDEX

Casearia ......................... 483 arborea ........................ 217 commersoniana ................... 483 fuligunosa ...................... 328

Castanea ......................... 226 Castanopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Casuarina equisetifolia ................ 429 Casuarius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224 Cataulacus .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Candacaecilia nigroflava ............... 317 Celtis luzonica ...................... 328 Centromyrme.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 Cepora ludith ...................... 131

pactolicus ...................... 131 Ceratobolus concolor ................. 526 Ceratosolen bisulcatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 285

gressitti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 medlerianus ..................... 285 nexilis ......................... 285

Cercropia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 Cerpachys ........................ 11 Cervus unicolor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 343,427 Ceyx erithacus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101, 105 Chaetocarpus ...................... 483 Chaetogonopteron ............... 185, 188 Chaetospama feae ................... 92 Chapenna fusca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Charaxes dumfordi ................... 132 Chela ..................... 380-382, 384 Cheritra freja ...................... 293 Chersodromia .................. 185, 186 Chiropodomys gliroides ................ 156

karlkoopmani .................... 427 Chisocheton pentandrus ................ 328 Chrysopelea pelias ................... 318 Chrysosoma ................... 185, 187 Chrysotus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Cinnamomum laubatii ................. 224

mercadoi ....................... 327 Cirrochroa emalea ................... 131

tyche ......................... 131 Clarias leiacanthus ............ 380,381,384

teijsmanni ............ 309, 380-382, 384 Cleistocalyx operculata ................ 327 Clethra ...................... 223, 329 Clidemia capitellata ................ .. 483 ClinodiploslS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Clogmw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89, 90, 93 Clubiona ......................... 92 Clusia ........................... 483 Coccoloba ........................ 483 Colobopsis .................... 120,362 Commersonia ...................... 223

bartramia ....................... 227 Compterosmittia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Conarthrus ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 93 Conomorpha oblongifolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483 Coproporus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Copsychos saularis ................... 428

pyrrhopygus ..................... 107 Coptotermes ....................... 301 Cordia nodosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483, 484

superba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483 Coryfus .......................... 226 Corymborkis ....................... 445 Coscinida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 92 Costus globosus ..................... 447

speciosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Couepia impressa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483, 484 Cratoxylon arborescens ................ 413

arboreum ....................... 328 fomwsum ....................... 328 sumatranum ..................... 328

Crematogaster . . . . . . . .. 10, 120, 122, 292, 293 Criniger bres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 105, 107 Crocldura fuliginosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Crossopalpus ....................... 185 Croton selowii ...................... 483 Cryptocarya ....................... 328

ampla ......................... 327 angulata ....................... 224 grandis .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 oblata ......................... 224 pleurosperma ................ 224, 225

Crytophleps ........................ 185 Culex ........................... 93

minor . ........................ 89 Culicoides ........................ 93 Cupania oblongifolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Cupha erymanthis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Curculigo racemosa .................. 445

vilosa ......................... 445 Curcuma ......................... 442 Curetis bulis ....................... 293

santana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 ibianthUS gardneri .................. 483 clemys dentata .................... 155

~~ptis' : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1~~ nopterus shim .................... 427 rina ........................... 223 rtandra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46-48, 221 bai/eyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 pendulijlora ..................... 48

Cyrtodiopsis ................... 170, 173 dalmanni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 quinqueguttata ............... 170, 173 whitei .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 170, 172, 173

Cyrtostachys renda . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 444, 446 Dacalana ......................... 132 Dacrycarpus cumingianus ............... 329 Daemonorops didymophylla ............. 526

korthalsii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 longipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 oxycarpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 periacantha ..................... 526

Daphne .......................... 325 Dasyhela assimilis ................. 89, 93

grata ....................... 89, 93 Dasyprocta punctata ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Decamorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 Delonix regia ...................... 462 Dendrelaphis caudolineatus .............. 318 Dendrocalamus pendulus ............... 97 Dendrocnide moroides . . . . . . . . . . . .. 226, 228 Diacamma ........................ 120

intricatum ................... 331-338 rugosum ....................... 362

Dialium .......................... 429 Dianella .......................... 445 Diaphorus ........................ 185 Dicerorhinus sumatraensis .............. 155 Dichapetalum ...................... 441 Dicrurus hottentotus .................. 428

leaucophaeus .................... 428 Dicuspiditermes nemorosus .... 299, 300, 302, 303 Didymocarpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46

lanceolatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Dinoderus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90 Dioscorea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Diospyros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 413,441

copelandii ...................... 328 philippense ...................... 328

Dip7azium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 48 Dlplazium crenatoserratum . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Dlplodiscus paniculatus ................ 328 Dlpterocarpus ............... 413, 428, 429 Dlpterocarpus grandijlorus .............. 235 Dlscolampa ........................ 293 Discothyrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11, 120, 362 Dissochaeta ....................... 226 Dogania subplana ............. 155,318,319 Dolichoderus .......... 10, 117, 119, 120, 122

thoracicus ...................... 122 Donax ........................... 446 Dorylus .......................... 11 Draco cristatellus .................... 318

melanopogon ................. 97,318 quinquefasciatus .................. 318

Dracontomelon edule .................. 327 Drapetis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185, 186 Drimys . .......................... 326

piperita ........................ 329 Drupiulia ......................... 293

ravindra ....................... 292 theda ......................... 293

Dryobalanops ............ 193 .. 228, 277 .. 413 aromatlca ............ 27/,280,34/-355 beccarii .................. 205-207 .. 412 lanceolata ................... 36/-371

Drypdes ................... 367-371,373 DUiibanga moluccana ................. 328

GENUS AND SPECIES INDEX 549

Dundubia vaginata .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 81 Durio ........................... 429 [)yera costulata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Dysoxylon arborescens ................. 328

altissimum ...................... 327 Echinopla ......................... 120 Echinosorex gymnurus ................. 156 Elaeocarpus ................ 166, 167,225

angustifolius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 calomala " ..................... 327

Elaphe taeniura ..................... 155 Elaphropeza ............. 183,185-187,191 Elateriospermum tapos . . . . . . . . .. 139, 141, 143 Elatostema ........................ 48 Elephas maximus .................... 155 Elettariopsis kerbyi ................. 48, 50 Eleusis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Embal/onura monticola ................ 427 Emesopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 93 Emmotum affine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483 Empis ........................... 185 Eniiiandra bessaphila ............... .. 224

insignis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 monothyra ...................... 224 montana ..................... .. 224 palmerstonii ..................... 224 sankeyana .................... .. 224 xanthocarpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Enhydris punctata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Enicurus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101, 105 &~~ ......................... ~ Eooxy lides tharis .................... 292 Epicahris cumingiana ............... .. 328 Epicypta . ....................... 91,93 Epipremnum falcifolium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Eplrixanthes ..................... 47, 48 Erites argentata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

elegans .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Ervatamia ......................... 328 Erythroxylum mattos-silvii ......... " 483, 484 Etlingera ......................... 47

brevilabris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 ji.mbribracteata ................... 48 punicea ..................... 48,442

Euenkrates ........................ 92 Eugeissona triste .................... 348

minor ................... " 444, 446 Eugenia grandis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 228, 429 Eumorphus vitalisi ................... 93 Eumyias thalassina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Euodia xanthoxyloides ................. 219 Eupatorium ........................ 363

adenophorum .................... 516 Euphoria didyma .................... 327 Euprenolepis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 120, 361, 362 Eurema ................... 130, 131, 133

andersoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 130, 131 simulatrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 130, 131

Eurya ........................... 327 Eurydiopsis argentifera ............ 170, 173 EUryOPIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 Eusideroxylon zwageri ................. 327 Exilisciurus exilis . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177, 178, 343 Fagraea .......................... 223 Fagus sylvatica ..................... 227 Faunis .................... 130, 131, 133

gracilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 130, 131 stomphax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 130, 131

Felis marmorata ..................... 343 Feltiella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Ficedula narcissina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Ficus . ................. 283, 285, 325, 483

ampelas ........................ 327 balete ......................... 327 botryocarpa ..................... 328 carica . ........................ 288 complexa ................. " 285, 286 congesta ....................... 328 erythrosperma .............. " 285, 286 grossularoides .................... 220 gul ........................... 327 minahassae ..................... 327 mollior .................... 285, 286 nodosa .................... 285,286 nota .......................... 327 pertusa ........................ 287

pubine rvis ...................... 328 robusta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 285, 286 septica ................. 285, 286, 327 trachypison ................. 285, 286 variegata .................. , 288, 328 virgata .................... 285, 286 wassa .................... , 285,286

Flagellaria indica .................... 439 Flindersia brayeleyana ................. 220 Flos morphina ...................... 132 Fontainea picrosperma . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224, 225 Forclp'omyta ..................... 89-91

blkanni ........................ 93 similans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 swezeyanaadji.nis .... .. .. .. .. .. .... 93

Fraxinus americana .................. 220 Fulvius .......................... 92 Galearia falva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Galeopsis tetrahit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Gamasomorpha ..................... 92 Garcinia binucao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Gastromyzon bomeensis ... 309,311,312,380-384

[asciatus .................... 380-384 lepidogaster .... . . . . . . . . . . . 309, 380-384 monticola ...... 309,311,312,380,381,384 punctulatus . ........... 380,381,383,384 ridens ............... 309,380,381,384

Gecinulus viridis .................... 94 Gehyra mutilatus .................... 318 Gekko smithii ...................... 3 18 Geniostoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Geonoma blanchetiana ................ 483 Gigantochloa latifolia ................. 97

levis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97 ligulata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97 scortechinii ........... 85, 87, 88, 91, 97

Glaniopsis gossei ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . 380-384 hamtsclii .................... 380-384

Globba .......................... 155 brachyanthera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Glochidion .................... 223, 373 Gluta laxiflora . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139, 141, 143

Gly;~~Ih~~~' major: : : : : : : : : '309,' 3'80: 381', j§~ Gmelina arborea ............. 277,278,280 Gnamptogenys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 Gnetum .......................... 441 Goniothalamus amuyon ................ 328 Gonocephalus bomeensis . . . . . . . . . .. 318, 321 Gonydactylus baluensis ................ 318

consobnnus .................. 318-320 ingeri ......................... 318 pubisulcus ...................... 3 18

Gonystylus bancanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411-415 Graphlum eurypylus .............. 130, 131

evemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 130, 131 Graptomyza ..................... 93, 94 Grewia multiflora .................... 328 Gymnostoma .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27 Hamaxas ......................... 92 Hampala bimaculata . . . .. 309-312,380-382,384 Harpegnathos ...................... 120 Helarctos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 Helarctos malayanus .................. 342 Helopeltis theobromae ................. 122 Hemulactylus frenatus .. . . . . . . . . . .. 318, 321 Hemigalus derbyanus ................. 427 Hemiphyllodactylus typus ............... 318 Hennettea succosa ................... 483 Heosemys grandis .................... 156

spinosa ................. 156,318,319 Herpestes semitorquatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Hesperus perakensis .................. 93 Hibiscus .......................... 429 Hipposideros galeritus ................. 427 Hlrtella bahiensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483, 484 Homalanthus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Homallotermes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 300, 302

foraminifer ................. , 299, 302 Homalomena cordata ................. 445 Homo sapiens ...................... 470 Hopea ........................... 277 Horaga syrinx ...................... 132 Homstedtia reticulata ................. 442 Hospitalitermes medioflavus ......... 299,300 Hynos ....................... 185, 186


Hydnocarpus . ...................... 428 sumatrana .................. 141, 143

Hydrablabes periops ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Hydrometra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95 Hylobates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74

klossii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 427, 429 lar ........................... 155 muelleri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 343, 344

Hylopetes sipora .................... 427 Hypoclinea ........................ 294

thoracicus ...................... 294 Hypolycaena erylus . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 293

othona ........................ 292 Hypoponera ................... 120, 362 Hypothymis azurea ................... 428 Hypsiprymnodon TTWSChatus ............. 224 Hystnx brachyura .................... 156 llex ............................. 483 Imperata cylindrica ................... 516 lnilalmus ......................... 93 Indotestudo elongata .................. 156 Inga ........................ 219, 229 lomys sipora . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... 427 IpoTTWea batatas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 271, 275 Iridomyrmex ................... 120, 293

cordatus ....................... 11 !tara .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 83 Ixora ............................ 444 1 acq.ueTTWntia ...................... 363 lanudes .......................... 292 lohora johorensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95 luglans ...................... 224, 226 Kalophrynus intermedius ............. .. 317

pleurostigma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94, 317 Kenvoula luirwickei .................. 427 Ketupa zey/onensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Koompasia ........................ 61 Kortlialsia debilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

echinometra ..................... 526 furtadoana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 363, 526 hispida ........................ 526 rostrata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

Krakatauia ........................ 185 Krytopterus .................. 380-382, 384 Labntermes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Lacconectus krikkeni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94 Landolphia .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 462 Lansium dubium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 328 Laportea /uzonensis ................... 328 Laricus obscurus .................... 427

hosei ......................... 343 Lasiochila goryi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94 Lasiochilus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 Lasius ........................... 120 Laxita tenata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 Leichrodes rufofulvus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Leiocassis micropogon . . . . 310-312, 380, 381 .. 384 Leopoldamys sabanus .............. 17/-180 Lepidotrigona ...................... 62 Lepironia articulata .................. 443 Lepisanthes schizolepis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 328 Leptanilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 Leptobrachium TTWntanum . . . . . . . . . .. 317, 321 Leptogenys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11, 120 Leptolalax gracilis ............... 317,321 Leptosia nina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 128, 129 Leptospermum f/avescens ............... 329 Lestodiplosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93

synngopais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 Leucaena leucocephala ............ 271, 275 Leucosyke capiteliata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 328 Lexias dirtea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Licg;j~da~i.~ : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : m Lichtwardtia ....................... 185 Licuala ...................... 443, 444

orbicularus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 444 ramseyi ........................ 23 spinosa ...................... .. 444

LindSayomyrtus raceTTWides . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27 Linospadix ........................ 23 Liopeltis baliodeirus .................. 318

tricolor ........................ 318 Liphorrhopalum sessilis ................ 285 Llthocarpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 284,327

densiflora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 219

550

Litsea ........................... 413 acuminata ...................... 217 leefeana ....................... 224 perrotetii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Lobocheilus bo ........ 309-312,380,381,384 Logania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 291,293

maiayica ................... 293,294 maTTTWrata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Longipeditermes longipes ........ 299,300,304 Lophatherium gracile ................. 445 Lophomyrmex ...................... 120 Lycodon subcinctus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Lygodium circinnatum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47 Lyonia ........................... 223 Lyriothemis cleis .................... 94 Mabuya rudis ...................... 318 Macaca .......................... 74

arctoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153, 155, 156 fascicularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 nemestrina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 343, 344 pagensis ................. 74,427,429

Macaranga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 122, 223, 373 gigantea ....................... 278 heynei ......................... 223 hypo/euca ...................... 363 trachyphylla ............... 367-371,373

Macroglossus sobrinus ................. 427 Macrognathusmaculatus . 309,311,380,381,384 Macropygia phasianella ................ 428 Macrotermes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 302, 303

carbonarius ................. 302, 304 Malacopteron cinereum ............ 105, 107

magnum ....................... 107 Mallotus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 223, 373

multiglandulosus .................. 327 paniculatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 philippinensis .................... 328

Manihot utilissima ................... 441 Manis javanica ................. 156, 427 Manouria emys ..................... 319 Mapania ......................... 167

TTWnostachya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 50 palustris ..................... 48, 50 sumatrana ...................... 443

Margattea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 Mastacembelus unicolor ......... 380,381,384 Maticora bivirgatus ................... 318

intestinalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Maxburetia rupicola .................. 155 Maxillaria ........................ 64 Maxomys muelleri . ................... 175

rajah ................... 175, 177-181 surifer .................... 175, 177-181 whlteheadl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177 -180

Mayriella .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Medetera ..................... 185, 187 Megaderma spasma ................... 427 Megalabops sexguttata . . . . . . . . . . . .. 170, 173 Megase/ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87

animaloterga .................... 93 deningi ...................... 93, 97 gombakensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 humida ...................... 90, 93 kovaci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93

Megophrys baluensis .............. 316,317 nasuta ......................... 317

Melaleuca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68 Melastoma ........................ 223

malabathricum ............... 227, 228 Melicope broadbentiana ................ 219

triphylla ....................... 328 Melims multiflora .................... 255 Memecylon ........................ 327 Meranoplus ........................ 120

mucronatus ..................... 292 Meristogenys poecilus ................. 317 Merizocera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 Merremia ......................... 363

bomeensis ...................... 445 Mesophlebion falcatilobum .............. 50 Mesorhaga ........................ 185 Metaparaclius ...................... 185 Metaphrynella sumiana ........... 80, 81, 317 Metroxylon sagu ..................... 429 Miconia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

albicans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483


Miconia amoena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 pileata ........................ 483

MicreTr/{Jis ........................ 185 Micrixalus baluensis .................. 317 Microcerotermes .................... 300

dubius ......................... 304 Microdesmis puberula ................. 219 Microhyla bomeensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 317

petrigena ................... 317,318 Microvelia ........................ 95 Mikania micrantha ................... 278 Miletus .......................... 294 Mischopyga ........................ 185 Misumenops ....................... 95 Monocarpia ....................... 167 Monomorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 Moultonianthus leembrugianus . . . . . . .. 141, 143 Muntiacus muntjac ............... 343, 344 Musa ................ 48,367-371,373,443

acuminata ...................... 278 . gracilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

sapientum ...................... 443 Musclcapa daurica . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101, 105 Mustela nudipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

~opopone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 otis muricela ..................... 427 rcia ........................... 483 rianthus liberica ................... 219 rioneuron cyaneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46

yristica elliptica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 philippinensis .................... 328

~rmeclna ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 120, 122 rmecodia ....................... 11

~rmicaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10,294 rmoteras ........................ 120 rsine umbellata ................... 483

MYStrium ......................... 120 ¥ystrops ......................... 478 Mystus ..................... 380-382, 384

baramensis ......... 309-312,380,381,384 Nannosciurus melatonis ............ .... 343 Nanodromia ............. 183, 185-187, 191 Nauclea ojJicinalis ................... 223 Nedda serrata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46 Nemacheilus ............. 380, 381, 383, 384 Nematabramis nieuwenhuisi ............. 310

steindachneri ....... 309-312, 380-382, 384 Neofelis nebulosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 Neogastromyzon .................. 380-384

nieuwelihuisi ............ 309-312, 380-384 Neolamarkia cadamba ................. 223 Neolitsea ..................... .... 328

dealbata ................... .... 224 Neonauclea media ........... ........ 327 Neotrewia cumingii ................... 328 Nepenthes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85

distallatoria ..................... 97 Nephelium ........................ 328 Nesobia mjobergi ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Neurigona ........................ 185 Niemeyera prunifera '" . . . . . . . . . .. 224, 225 Niewiedia ......................... 445 Ninox scutulata ................. 10 I .. 105 Niviventer cremoriventer ............ 17/-180 Noahdendron nicholasii ............ 21,23-27 Nomamyrmex ...................... 11 Normanbya normanbyi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23 Notochefys platynota ........ 155, 156,318, 319 Nyctixalus pictus .................... 317 Nypa fruticans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Occitfozyga baluensis ............. 317, 321

laevLS ......................... 317 Ochroma lagopus .................... 373 Octomeles sumatrana ................. 328 Odontomachus ...................... 120

rixosus ........................ 362 Odontoponera .................. 120, 362

transversa ............ 331-336A 338, 339 Odontotermes ............ 297,29,,301-304 Oecophylla smaragdina ............ 293,295 Oligodon annulifer ................... 318 Oligomyrmex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 120, 122 Omalanthus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 223 Ompak ..................... 380-382, 384 Ophiophagus hannah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 (Jpisthotropis typica .................. 318

Oriolus chinensis ............... ..... 428 xantonotus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 428

Orthopodomyia anopheloides ........... 89, 93 Oryza sativa ................ 241, 246, 252 Ossaea retropila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Osteochilus spilurus ..... 309-312,380, 381, 384 Ostrya virginiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Ottoma .......................... 483 Qxyceros ......................... 441 Paedalgus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Pagiantha plumerilifolia ................ 328 Palaquium .................... 328,428

[oxworthii ...................... 327 luzoniensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 merrillii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 philip pense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Pandanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Pangio mariarum .......... 309,380,381,384 Panthera pardus ..................... 156 Paraclius ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Paracrossochilus acerus . .. 309-312, 380-382, 384

vittatus ................. 380,381,384 Paradoxurus hermaphroditus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Paralaxita orphne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 131, 132

telesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 131, 132 Paramapania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Paranticops delesserti ............. 128 .. 129 Parashorea macrophylla ............. 36/-371

malaanonan ..................... 327 Paratopula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Paratrechina ....................... 120 Parawaous ................. 380,381, 384 Pariotrigona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59

pendleburyi ................... 61, 62 Parrhinotermes ..................... 300 Paspalum conjugatum ................. 443 Pavetta .......................... 444 Pedicellia fuscescens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Pedostibes hosei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

rugosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Pelastoneurus ...................... 95 Pelophryne brevipes .................. 317 Pentagonica ....................... 93 Pentan ........................... 429 Pentaphragma ...................... 441 Pentastruma ....................... 120 Pera ............................ 483 Peri cnemis stictica ................... 94 Pemis apivorus ..................... 428 Persea ........................... 483 Petinomys hageni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Phacaspis ......................... 185 PhaceliJphrynium maximum . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Phaenicopliaeus curvirostris ............. 428 Phaeomeria minor ................... 429 Phaleria capitata .................... 328 Pheidole . ...... 93, 117, 119, 120, 122,361,362 Pheidologeton ............... 119, 120,361 Philautus tectus ..................... 317 Philosepedon ..................... 90, 93 Phragmites karka .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Phruiloneura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185, 188, 190

abbreviatus ................. 188, 190 Phyllotrox tatianae ................... 478 Physop)'ga ........................ 185 Picea aoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Picus viridanus ..................... 156 Pinanga salicifolia ................... 444 Pinophilus ........................ 93 Pinus radiata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 Piper . ........................... 229

amalgo ........................ 219 Piptospatha burbidgei ................. 48 Pipturus arborescens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Pisonia .......................... 483

umbelliferae .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Pithecus aygula ..................... 71

femoralls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 72 Pitta baudi .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

sordida ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Plagiolepis .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Plagiostacftys crocydocalyx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

strobiliJera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Plagiozopelma ...................... 185 Plfdymiscium blanchetii .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Platypalpus .............. 183, 185, 186, 191


Platythyrea ........................ 120 Plectroctena ....................... 11 Pleiostachya .................... ... 229

pruinosa ....................... 228 Plowrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Podocarpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 325, 326

rotundus ....................... 329 Po/Yathia .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Po[ypedates colletti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

leueomystax ................. 317,321 maerotls ..................... .. 317 otilophus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 317

Polypedi/um convexum ............... 89, 93 Polyrhachis ................. 119, 120, 122

bihamata ....................... 362 Polyseias ......................... 223

murrayi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 220, 226 Ponera . .......................... 362 Pongo ........................... 74 Pontia eryeinoides ................... 132 Porterandia anisophylla ................ 227 Pothos ........................... 48 Pouteria castanosperma . . . . . . . . . . .. 224, 225 Prenolepis ........................ 120 Presby tIS ....................... 71-75

g~f:aU:W : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: ~T catemana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71 chrysomelas ..................... 73 comata ................. 71,72,74,75 femoralis ..................... 71-75 fredericae ...................... 74 frontata ................ 73-75,343 .. 344 me lalophos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-74 obseura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 percura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71 potenziani ........... 71,72,74,427,429 rubicunda ........... 71,73,74,343,344 siamensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 72-75 sumatrana ...................... 71 thomasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 72

Prioneris cornelia .................... 131 philonome ...................... 13 1

Prionopelta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Proatta .......................... 120 Procapritermes ................. 300, 303 Proceratium ....................... 11 Prohamitermes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Proreus .......................... 92 Prosotas dubiosa .................... 292 Protomyzon .............. 380, 381, 383, 384

griswoldi ................. 380-382, 384 whiteheadi . . . . . . .. 309,380, 381, 383, 384

Prunus turneriana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224, 225 Psalidomyrmex ..................... 11 Psammottynastes pictus ................ 318 Pseudodiopsis ...................... 173

detrahens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Pseudogobiopsis . . . . . .. 309,310,380,381,384 Pseudomyrmex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 Pseudorabdion albonuchalis ............. 318

longiceps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Psittinus cyanums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Psyehotria ereeta .................... 483

jambosioides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 mapourioides .................... 483

Pteeticus longipennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Pterisanthes grandis .................. 167 Pternandra ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221, 223

azurea ......................... 226 coeruleseens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221, 227 eehinata ................... 221, 227

Pterocymbium macrocater .............. 328 Pteropus hypomelanus ................. 427

vampyms ....................... 427 Pterospermum niveum ................. 328 Ptiloeereus lowii .................... 427 Ptilona con finis ................... 90, 93 Ptyehozoon horsfieldii ............. 316,318 Ptyssiglottis psychotriifolia .............. 48 Puntius binotatus ....... 309-312,380,381,384 Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisi ........... 102, 106

~thon reticulata .............. ...... 318

uadmstmma .................. 120, 122 uercus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224, 226 anablythi ... ................. 317,320

ehalconota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 317, 321 erythraea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 317,321 hosei ......................... 317 ibanomm ....................... 317 kuhli ................... 317 .. 320,1 321 palavanensis ............... 31/, 3 h-321 signata .................... 317,321

Rapala dieneces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 291, 293 iarbus ......................... 292 pheretima ...................... 292

Rapanea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Rasbora ............. 309-311,380,381,384

argyrotaenia . . . . . . .. 309-312, 380-382, 384 sumatrana ......... 309-311, 380-382, 384

Rattus exulans ................ 175, 177-181 leueopus ....................... 68 rattus ......................... 180 sabanus ........................ 427 surifer ......................... 427 tiomanicus ................ 177-181,427

Ratufa affinis ............. 177, 178, 343, 344 RhacopFiorus dulitensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

everetti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 harrissoni ...................... 317 kajau ..................... 317, 320 nigropalmatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 pardalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Rhaphidophora ..................... 48 Rhelfhroseiums macrotis ........ 177, 178, 343 Rhinomyias umbratilis .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Rhinoplax vigil ..................... 155 Rhizophora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34, 429 Rhododendron ............ 163, 325, 326, 329

tashiroi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Rhodomyrtus ....................... 223 Rhopalomastix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Rhoptromyrmex ..................... 292

wroughtonii ................. 293, 294 Rhytieeros undulatus .................. 155 Rubus idaeus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Ryparosa javanica ............... 21, 23-27 Sa7zmanma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Saurauia ......................... 441

andreana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 latibractea ...................... 327

Scheff/era ......................... 442 Schima .......................... 153 Schizaea dichotoma ................... 447 Schizostachyum grande ................ 97 Schumannianthus .................... 446 Sciaphila ....................... 47,48 Sciapus .......................... 187 Seirtes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87, 89, 93 Sciums .......................... 225 Seleria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Scrotochloa urceolata ................. 50 Sebastiania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Selaginella ...................... 47, 48 Semnopithecus auratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74 Senna alata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 Sepedophilus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Sequoia sempervirens ................. 219 Seseli libanotis ...................... 202 Shorea .............. 38, 277, 341, 428, 429

albida ......................... 411 curtisii ................. 277, 278, 280 falciferoides .................. 367-374 laevis ............... 139, 141, 143, 144 leprosula . .. 277, 278, 280, 348, 367-371, 373 macroptera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 pachyphylla ..................... 412 parvlJoZw ...... 139, 141, 143,277,278,280 paueiflora ...................... 143

Silurichthys hasselti ......... 309, 380, 381, 384 Silums ..................... 380-382, 384 Simias concolor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 427, 429 Sloanea javanica .................... 167 Smodicinodes kovaei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91 Soa ............................. 92 Solanum daZlachyi ................... 226

polytrichum ..................... 483 Solenopsis .................... 120, 122 Solenostemon elongatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 Sonerila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Spalgis ........................... 293 Spermaphora miser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92


Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus .......... 318-320 SphyracepFzala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 170, 173 Spilomis cheela ..................... 428 Spondias ..................... 225,226 Stachyphrynium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50 Staurols /atopalmatus ................. 317

natator .................... 317,320 tuberilinguis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Stilicopsis ....................... 91,93 Stiloderus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Stromanthe porteana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Strumigenys .................... 93, 120 Subulitermes ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 300 Suncus etruscus ................. 177, 181 Sundamys muelleri ................ 177-181 Sundareonectes sabanus ............. 380-384 Sundasciurus fraterculus ................ 427

hippurus ................ 177, 178, 343 lowii ................ 156, 177, 178,343 tenuis ......................... 343

Surendra /lorimel .................... 292 Sus barbatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Swartzia apetala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483, 484 Symphonia globulifera ................. 483 Symplocos ........................ 327 Sympycnus ....... 183, 185, 187, 188, 190, 191

aechmophorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 albiserratus ..................... 190 alipes ......................... 190 anachrostichus ................... 190 aranelpes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 campslcnemOldeJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 candldlmanus .................... 190 compressipes ................ 189, 190 ctenophorus ..................... 190 gigas ......................... 190 lctericus ....................... 190 leucotarsus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 miritarsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 nigrisquamis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 pallipe s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

f.r;if::ta : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : l~g sticticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 188, 190 teuchophoroides .................. 190 torrenticola ..................... 190 tricomiger ...................... 190

Syndyas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185, 186 Syneches ..................... 185, 186 Syzygium decipiens . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 327, 328

mainitense ...................... 327 nitidum ........................ 327 polycephaloides ................... 327 simile ......................... 327

Tachydromia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185, 187 Tamasesia ........................ 92 Tapine lIa ......................... 92 Tapinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 120, 362 Tapirira guianensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483,484 Taraka ........................... 293 Taxus ........................... 326

sumatrana ...................... 329 Technomyrmex ...................... 292 Tectaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 48

lobii .......................... 48 Tectona grandis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 462, 467 Teleopsis .................. 170, 172, 173

belalongensis ............. 170, 171, 173 belzebuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 burkhardti ...................... 173 discrepans " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 pallifacies ............... 170, 171, 173

Termes . .......................... 300 Terminalia foetidissima ................ 328

phellocarpa ..................... 429 Tetramorium . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11, 119, 120, 122 Tetraponera ................. 94, 120, 122 Teuchophorus ............ 185, 188, 190, 191

conspicuus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 costalis .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 denticulatus ..................... 190 digitatus ....................... 190 femoratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 fuscicornis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 grandior ....................... 190 laingensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

parcearmatus .................... 190 pectinatus ...................... 190

~::Jratu; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : l~g spatulifer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 unclnatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 vanaartseni ..................... 190

Thecurus crassispinis . . . . . . . . . .. 177, 178, 343 Themara hirtipes .......... 169, 170, 172, 173 Theridion .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 Thinolestris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Thinophilus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Thorakochirus ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Thottea penitilobata .................. 46 Tilia cortlata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Toona calantas ..................... 328

sureni ......................... 462 Topomyia spathulirostris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Tor douronensis . . . . . . .. 309-312, 380-382, 384 Toxorhynchites ............... 89, 94, 96, 97

leicesteri ..................... 89, 93 magnificus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94 metallicus ................. 88, 89, 93

Tragulus javanicus ............... 156, 343 napu .......................... 156

Trema ....................... 223, 278 tomentosa .................. 227, 228

Triehadenia maerantha ................ 328 Triehastoma malaceense ................ 107 Triehomanes singaporeanum ........... 48, 50 Trigona ..................... 59, 62, 64

apiealis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 62 canifrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 eollina ...................... 61, 62 drescheri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 62 erythrogastra .................... 61 jimbriata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 fuscibasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 fuscobalteata .................... 61 geissleri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 haematoptera .................. 61,64 hobbyi . ...................... 61,64 itama ....................... 61,62 laeviceps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 melanocephala .............. 61, 62, 64 melina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59,61,62 nitidi ventris ..................... 61 reepeni ........................ 61 ru}lbasalis ...................... 61 terminata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 thoraciea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 ventralis ....................... 61

Trimeresurus bomeensis ............. 318-320 Tripteroides .....,................. 93 Tnssopelopia ..................... 89, 93 Tristania ......................... 412 Triunia erythrocarpa . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224, 225 Trix scopula ....................... 132 Tropidolaemus wagleri .............. 318-320 Tropidophorus beccarii ................ 318

brookei ........................ 318 Tupaia ........................... 344

dorsalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177, 178, 343 glis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 178, 343, 427 gracilis ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177, 178, 343 minor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177, 178, 343 montana ....................... 177 pieta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177, 178, 181 tana .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177, 178

Tylonyeteris pachypus ....... . . . . . . . . 91, 94 robustula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 94

Tvmpanophyllum .................. 80, 81 Vnearia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Uranotaenia .................. 89, 90, 93 Uromys eaudimae-ulatus ............... 225 Urophyllum ................. 223, 226, 227

gIabrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 226, 227 hirsutum ....................... 221

Uthina luzonica ..................... 92 Vaccinium .................... 223,325 Varanus salvator ................ 318, 321 Vatica endertii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

odorata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 141, 143 Virola surinamensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Vollenhovia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Wasmannia ........................ 120


Willowsiella ....................... 120 Xanthophytum villarii ................. 429 Xylobium ......................... 64 Xylocopa myops ................... 59, 64 Xylodiplosis .................. 89,92, 93 Xylopta malayana .................... 412 Yumbera ......................... 188 Zingiber zerumbet .................... 155 Zonocerus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 458 Zosterops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

GENERAL INDEX

Abbott's Booby ..................... 472 Abundance - of ants .................. 361

- of arthropods .................... 7 - of birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 106 - of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 - of termites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12, 297

Acanthaceae ..................... 46, 50 Acanthocephala ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 ~cari ........................... 5,89 Acarina .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6, 14, 92 Aceh, Sumatra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Acoustic communication ................ 77 Acoustic communities ............... 77, 80 Acoustic guilds ................. 77, 80, 83 Actinidiaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221, 327 Activity patterns, snakes & frogs .......... 320 Adaptation - to shade by plants ........ 220, 374

- to light by plants .. . . . . . . .. 216,367,374 Africa ................. 219,411, 523, 535 African honeybee ..................... 65 Afromontane forest in Kenya .......... 539, 542 Agamids/Agamidae ................ 318,321 Agaonidae ........................ 283 Agenda 21 ........................ 417 Agouti ........................... 226 Air Hitam, Pontianak, Kalimantan ...... 412, 413 Alangiaceae ....................... 142 All Taxa Biodiversity Inventories . . . . . . . . . . 209 Allochthonous plant families ... . . . . . . . . . . 325 Allopatry - in birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lSI

- in Presby tis ..................... 71 Alluvial forest ................... 102, 253 Altitudinal changes in forests . . . . . . . . .. 241-257 Altitudinal distribution of plant families . .. 325-330 Altitudinal zonation of birds ............. lSI Amani Forest ...................... 107 Amazon/Amazonia ........ 40,50,84,411,482 Amazon basin peoples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 Amazonian forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Amazonian Indians ................ 459,478 Amazonian terra firme rainforest ... . . . . . .. 357 Amboseli National Park, Kenya ........... 418 Amphibians/Amphibia ............... 5,315 Anacardiaceae ...... 139, 141-143, 325, 327, 483 Anguillidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Annelida ......................... 4, 5 Annonaceae .......... 142,293,325,328, 483 Annual litter production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Ant-plant symbioses ............... 11, 295 Antelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 539 Anthocoridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Anthropogenic grasslands ............ 284, 543 Ants ......... 1,9,92,94, 117, 193,331,459

- abundance ..................... 361 - and lycaenid butterflies .... . . . . .. 291-296 - as indicator species ............ 117, 357 - as predators ..................... 91 - diversity ............. 117-123,357-366 - ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 - gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - guilds .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 - in bamboo internodes ............. 91-94 - leaf-cutter ...................... 12 - nests ...................... 331-340 - role in forest dynamics ............ 9-12 - species accumulation curves . . . . . . . 205, 206 - species richness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 206 - species-abundance distribution . . . . . . . .. 205 - weaver ants .................... 293

Anura ........................... 317 sounds ......................... 83

Anuradhapura period, Sri Lanka .......... 507 Aphids ........................... 187 Apiaceae ......................... 193

555

- species richness & spatial distribution . 199-204 Apocynaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 142, 143, 328 Apoh Kayan plateau, Kalimantan . . . . . . . . . . 421 Appalachian Mountains ............. 199,204 Apparent quantum yields ........ 369, 370, 373 Aquifoliaceae ...................... 483 Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve, Kenya ..... 542 Araceae/Aroids .......... 43,47-50, 167,445 Arachnida ........................ 5,92 Aradidae .......................... 92 Araneae ......................... 5, 92 Araneida .......................... 23 Arc/Info GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 500 Arctiidae ....................... 90, 93 Arecaceae (see also Palmae) .. . . .. 117, 142,483 Argus pheasants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 154 Aristolochiaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Arthropods . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-20, 21-28, 85-99

- canopy studies .............. 22, 205-208 - species richness .............. 9, 26, 194

Asian elephant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155 Asian two-horned rhinoceros. . . . . . . . . . . .. 155 Assassin bug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Asynchronous flowering in figs ........ 283, 288 Atelestidae ................. 183, 184, 186 Atlantic rain forests .................. 478 Australia ......... 21,67, 151, 186, 189,219,

221,225, 294, 332, 467, 473, 523 Australian Aborigines .............. 467,473 Austronesian people .................. 435 Autochthonous plant families . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Avifauna ................ 101-116, 151-152 Bagridae ......................... 380 Bahia, Brazil .................... 477,478 Bali .............................. 91 Balikpapan, Kalimantan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 Balitoridae ....... 309,377,380,382,383,385 Balsaminaceae ...................... 156 Bamboos .................. 167,446,516

- phytotelmata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85-99 - shoots (as food) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 517

Bananas ....................... 442,443 Bangar, Brunei Darussalam .............. 389 Bangi forest, Selangor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 121 Barbets ....................... 104, 154 Barking deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Barkly Tablelands, Australia .............. 68 Barringtonia Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 429 Barro Colorado Island, Panama . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Basalt-derived soils ................ 223, 226 Bataguridae/Batagurid turtles . . . . . . . . . . 155, 318 Batflies ........................... 91 Bats .................. 67,69,91,94,427 Batu Apoi Forest Reserve ....... 29, 43, 50, 125,

133, 139,242,297,302,307,315,367,387 Bawangling evergreen tropical forest ecosystem . 489 Bearded pig ....................... 343 Beech woodland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Bees ........................... 59-66

- halictid ........................ 64 - honey ................... 61,63,64 - megachilid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 - social ....................... 59-66 - stingless .................. 59, 62, 64 - sweat ......................... 64

Beetles - species richness in Borneo ..... 208, 209 Begoniaceae .................. 43, 50, 156 Behaviour - of fish .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

- of stalk-eyed flies. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 169-174 Belalong, Brunei Darussalam ..... 35, 59, 60, 64,

101, 139, 170, 175, 178, 194, 205, 206, 261,268,298,307, 315, 368, 377, 419

Belalong River. . . . . . . . .. 29,48,307,377, 524 Belalong-Temburong watershed ........... 378

556 GENERAL INDEX

Benthic fish species ................ 309,310 Bequest values (of trees) ............... 418 Berger-Parker Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308 Beta diversity ............ 133, 151, 193, 195 Beta rarity ........................ 195 Bioacoustic diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 77, 84 Bioassay, using rice . 241, 246, 250, 252, 255, 256 Biodiversity - conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 539

- Convention .................... 2, 15 - inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 - priorities ...................... 544 - surveys .................... 537, 545 - values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 545

Biogeographical zones in Kenya. . .. 540, 541, 544 Biogeography .... 67,69,86, 151,377,425,433 Biological currencies. . . . . . . . . .. 535, 544, 545 Biological ethnobotany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Biological inventory .................. 209 Biomass - of ants .................. 9, 357

- of arthropods .................... 7 - of fish ..................... 308, 516 - of termites ............ 12, 301, 302, 357

Bioregionalism ...................... 474 Biosphere Reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 507 Biphydidae ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Birds .... 69,80,101-116,151-152,153,155,195

- abundance ..................... 106 - and ants ........................ 12 - breeding ............... 101, 102, 109 - diet preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 104 - dispersal of fruits & seeds ........... 224 - diversity .......... 101-116, 151-152, 538 - malaria .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 152 - palaearctic migrants .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101 - ringing ....................... 109 - vertical stratification. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101

Birds of paradise .................... 288 Bischofiaceae ...................... 328 Blattelidae ......................... 92 Blattodea ....................... 24, 92 Blue Mountains, Jamaica ............... 223 Boidae ........................... 318 Bombacaceae ................... 142, 325 Bongos .......................... 543 Bootstrap method of estimating species richness 197,

198,207 Boraginaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Borneo ..... 29,30,43,59,71,72,74,75, 101,

102,117,125,139,163.166,169,175,178,194, 208,223,259,292,297,315,331,341,367,377,

387,388,411,417,420,435,463,495,523 Boxing (tapping) ................. 235-237 Brachiopoda ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Brachystegia forests ................ 4, 543 Brazil ............... 9, 133, 268, 477, 478 Brenthidae ......................... 93 Brillouin Index ..................... 308 Britain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 193, 199, 200 British Overseas Development Administration .. 536 Brunei Darussalam .... 4,9,22,29,43,59, 101,

125, 139, 163, 169, 175, 193,241,259, 297,307,315,331,367,377,387,417,

435, 495, 523 Bryophytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 253 Bufonidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 317 Bukit Belalong ... 48, 126, 241, 253, 391, 394, 500

- forest profile diagrams ............. 248 Bukit Lagong Forest Reserve, Malaysia ...... 347 Bukit Lesong, Brunei Darussalam .......... 394 Bukit Pagon, Brunei Darussalam .......... 394 Bukit Rongkit, Malaysia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155 Bukit Teraja, Brunei Darussalam .......... 167 Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore ...... 221 Bukit Tudal, Brunei Darussalam. . .. 177, 178, 180 Bukit Wang Mu Forest Reserve, Malaysia .... 153 Bundala Sanctuary, Sri Lanka ... . . . . . . . .. 507 Burseraceae ................ 141, 142,328

Butterflies ................ 125-138, 291-296 - diversity ................ 125-138, 538 - phenology ..................... 129

Cabbages ......................... 516 Caesalpiniaceae ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Calamoideae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 523 Cameroon .......................... 4 Camphor ......................... 347 Canada .......................... 272 Cannibalism in Culicidae ................ 97 Canopy - effect of altitude .............. 247

- fogging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 193, 194, 196 - gaps ................ 215-217,225-229 - interception .................... 394 - openings ...................... 412 - tree species .......... 268,273,367,368

Cape Tribulation, Australia. . . . . . . . . . .. 21, 23 Cape York Peninsula, Australia . . . . . . .. 67, 151 Carabidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Carbon cycle, role of termites . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Carbon sinks .................... 468,472 Carnivory, in Lycaenidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 293 Cash crops ........................ 516 Cassava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Cassowaries ....................... 459

- and seeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Catchment basins ..... ' ............ 393, 426 Cats ............................ 152 Cecidomyiidae ..................... 89-93 Celastraceae ................ 142,441,446 Central America .................. 219,225 Ceratocombidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Ceratopogonidae ................... 89-93 Chaetognatha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Chance effects, and species richness ........ 215 Channel processes ................... 394 Chao Khao tribes, Thailand ............. 513 Chao's method of estimating

species richness. . . . . . . . . . .. 198,206,207 Chelisochidae ....................... 92 Chemical communication ............... 186 Chestnut-necklaced partridge . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155 China ........................ 489, 523 Chinese-German Coordinated Ecological Research

Programme ..................... 489 Chironomidae .................... 89, 93 Chloroxylon-Berrya-Vitex-Schleichera series ... 505 Chordata ......................... 4, 5 Christmas Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 Chrysobalanaceae ................. 142, 483 Chrysomelids ....................... 25 Cicadidae/Cicadas ............. 77, 80-82, 84 Civets ........................... 427 Cladograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 311, 312, 383 Clariidae ......................... 380 Clay soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Cleridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Clethraceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Clouded leopards ................. 342, 343 Clubionidae ........................ 92 Clusiaceae .............. 142, 325, 328, 483 Cnidaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Co-evolution, in fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Coastal forests in Kenya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 542 Coastal hill dipterocarp forest ............ 221 Cobitidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 380 Coccinellidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24, 25, 90, 93 Coenagrionidae ...................... 94 Coexistence, in ants ............... 331, 332 Coleoptera .. 5,8,9, 14,24,87,93, 133, 194,310 Collembola ..... 5, 6, 12, 14, 24, 88-92, 183, 186 Colobinae .......................... 71 Colobus monkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 539 Colonisation - of logged forests ........... 344

- of bamboo internodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Colonizers and seed size ............... 223 Colubridae ........................ 318

GENERAL INDEX 557

Combretaceae ...................... 328 Commensals ....................... 321 Commonwealth Forestry Conference . . . . . . . . 493 Communication, chemical, in empidoid flies ... 191 Communities - age structure in birds . . . . . . .. 105

- diversity, in stream fish ............. 385 - of bamboo internodes ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 - organization of herpetofauna . . . . . . . . . . 315

Compensation points ............... 219,374 Competition - for water ............. 216, 229

- in murids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176, 178 - in small mammals ................ 175 - male, in stalk-eyed flies . . . . . . . . . . . .. 169

Competitive hierarchy model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Compositae ........................ 516 Congo ........................ 411,541 Conservation ....... 67, 215, 230, 288, 322, 345,

417, 418, 425, 433, 477, 478, 503, 509, 535 - areas ........................ 422 - arguments for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 467-475 - community-level ................. 283 - of resources ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 461 - strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

Continuum concept of community organisation . 195 Convention on Biological Diversity ...... 209,417 Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical

Rainforest Ecology .................. 21 Copepoda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87, 92 Corylophidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24, 93 Coscinida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Cost efficiency of inventory methods . . . .. 523-533 Costa Rica ............ 16,39,209,216, 217,

219,227, 229, 255, 357, 373, 418 Cote d'Ivoire ....................... 219 Crab spiders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Crn~ ............................ ~ Crickets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 80, 82-84 Critical populations of species . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Crocker Range, Sabah . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34, 37 Crop genetic resources ................ 478 Crustacea/Crustaceans ........... 5, 87, 92, 95 Crypteroniaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 142 Cryptic pioneer ..................... 219 Ctenophora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Cucujidae .......................... 93 Culicidae ........................ 91-93 Cultural diversity ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Cultural identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Cultural values of trees ................ 467 Curculionidae/Curculionoidea ........ 8, 24, 93 Customary rights ............. 417, 452, 453 Customary tenure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Cycads .......................... 221 Cyclones ......................... 220 Cylapomorpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Cyperaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43,47, 50, 443 Cyprinidae .............. 309,377,380,381 Dammar .......................... 235 Damselflies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah . . .. 217,

226, 268, 357 Dark respiration rates .... 367,369,370,373,374 Databases, for plant taxonomy. . . . . . . . . . .. 164 Datiscaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Declaration on Environment and Development . 417 Decomposition processes ............... 297 Deep Ecology ................... 467, 472 Deep-seated landslides/slope failures ..... 405, 406 Deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 343,427,459 Deforestation .......... 357,452,455,513,519

in Southeast Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Density - of barking deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

- of kapur stands .................. 354 - of mammals after logging ........ 341-346 -ofmurids ............... 176,180,181 - of primates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343, 344 - of squirrels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343, 344

- of subterranean termites ............ 299 - of termite nests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 - of termites .................. 297, 303 - of trees ................. 139-142, 489 - of treeshrews ................... 344

Denver, Colorado .................... 272 Dermaptera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5, 11,92 Detritivores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Diaphorinae ....................... 185 Diel cycles in ants ............ 333, 337, 338 Diel-temporal resource use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Diel-time analysis ................. 315,316 Diet - preferences of birds .............. 104

- overlap between fish species . . . . . . . . . . 313 Digital elevation model ................ 406 Dilleniaceae ............. 139, 141, 142,428 Dioecious fig species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 DiopsidaelDiopsid flies ............. 169-174 Diplopods .......................... 92 Diptera ........... 5, 9, 87, 93, 169, 183, 184 Dipterocarpaceae . .. 117, 139, 141-143, 163, 193,

205, 235, 247, 277, 325, 327, 341, 347, 428 Dipterocarps . .. 167, 175,223, 229, 242, 277, 505

- seedlings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 - seeds, as food for ants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Direct use values of forest ....... 417, 418, 535 Diseases of man, from forests ............ 470 Disjunct distribution in Presby tis ........... 72 Dispersal - barriers in fish ............. 383

- centre for Presby tis ................ 71 - of figs ........................ 288 - of fish ........................ 385 - of plant propagules ............. 329, 330 - of seeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 215, 225, 226 - of seeds by ants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - of seeds by squirrels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Dispersion of ants nests .... . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Distribution - of ants ................... 10

- of birds .................... 101,151 - of freshwater fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 - of Kapur Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 - of termites in forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - patterns of tree families . . . . . . . . .. 325-330

DIVERSITAS programme .............. 209 Diversity - alpha ........... 29,31,35,37,49

- beta .................. 133,151,193 - bioacoustic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 - changes after logging .............. 341 - ecosystem ...................... 2 - gamma ........................ 49 - genetic ........................ 2 - gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 152 - indices .............. 32, 106, 107, 482 - landscape-level ................... 47 - local ................... 77, 169, 170 - McIntosh's Index .............. 105, 107 - regional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 - Shannon-Wiener index ............. 308 - Simpson's Index ................. 106 - Williams' alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34, 36

Diversity - of ants ......... 9-12, 117-123,357 -of birds ............. 101,116,151,152 - of butterflies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 125-138 - of empidoid flies ... . . . . . . . . . .. 183-192 - of herbs ...................... 43-57 - of herpetofauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 315-323 - of Macrolepidoptera in Britain ...... 30, 35 - of Microlepidoptera .............. 29-42 - of small mammals ............. 175-182 - of termites .............. 12-14,297-305 - of trees .................... 139-150

Doi Inthanon Park, Thailand ............. 421 Dolichoderinae ........ 117, 119-122,293,294 DolichopodidaelDolichopodinae .. 95, 183-188, 191 Domatia ........................... 11 Dominance, of tree families .......... 139-142 Doona-Ca/ophyllum-Syzygium series .... . . .. 505

558 GENERAL INDEX

Doona-Dipterocarpus-Mesua series . . . . . . . .. 505 Dorylinae ............ 117, 119-121,359,360 Doves, fruit ....................... 288 Dragonflies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Drainage, of peat swamp forest ........... 414 Drainage area in streams ...... 377-379, 383-385 Drainage density ............. 393,397,404 Drakensburg Mountains, Kenya ........... 541 Drosophilidae ...................... 169 Dry rainforests ..................... 186 Dryopteridaceae ...................... 47 Dumoga-Bone Park, Sulawesi ........ 8,9, 421 Durians ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Dusuns ....................... 435-449

- ethnobotany ................. 437, 447 Dytiscidae ......................... 94 Earthworms ........................ 90 Earwigs ........................... 90 East Africa ..................... 105, 109 East Kalimantan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 452 Ebenaceae .............. 141-143, 163,328 EOOla Zaire ........................ 470 Echinodermata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Echiura ........................... 5 Ecology - balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

- diversity ....................... 64 - indices for fish .................. 307 - preferences of flowering plant families ... 329 - response ...................... 325 - role of peat lands ................. 414 - segregation .................. 311, 339 - segregation model ................ 313 - shade tolerance .................. 216 - tolerance ................... 219, 226 - zones of freshwater fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Economics - analyses ................. 545 - botany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 - factors ....................... 417 - values and valuation ..... 417,457,467, 535

Ecosystem hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 Edaphic factors ...................... 49 Elaeocarpaceae ..................... 327 Elapidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Elephants .............. . . . . . . . . . . . 545 Elevation - effects on fish distribution .... 383, 385

- effects on plant distribution ...... 325 - 330 Elongated tortoise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 156 Emergent tree species .... 247, 347, 367, 368, 373 Empidoidea/Empididinae/Empidoid flies .. 183-192 Endangered species/populations . 415, 535, 538, 539 Endau Rompin, Peninsular Malaysia . . . . . . .. 132 Endemic Bird Areas .................. 540 Endemics - birds .................... 428

- dipterocarps in Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . .. 505 - Lycaenidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 - plant species ....... 155,411,425, 503, 508 - primates ................ ... 429, 430

Endemism ............. 9,59,427, 535, 540 - in Mentawai mammals ............. 427 - in Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 505 - in vertebrate groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 545

Endomychidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90, 93 England ....................... 105, 107 Entoprocta ......................... 5 Environment - damage ................. 513

- effects of agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 521 - evaluation ..................... 467 - management .................... 417 - preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 - values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

Ephemeroptera ..................... 310 Epidermal organs of lycaenidae . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Epiphytes ...................... 428, 429

- effects on arthropod diversity .......... 27 Equilibrium status of hillslopes ........... 407 Ericaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 325, 329, 330 Erosion ... 260,271,272,303,397,398,404,406

- processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260, 268 - rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 268,271,272

Erythroxylaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 Ethnobotany .......... 421,435,457,459,462

- categories/classificiation ......... 435-450 Ethospecies .................... 78, 81, 83 Eucalyptus forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 Eumetazoa ......................... 5 Euphorbiaceae . . . .. 117, 139, 141-143, 167,225,

325,327,328,428,482,483 Europe ................... 217,220,223 Evapotranspiration ............ 391, 394, 403 Evenness index, ant distribution . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 172, 287, 291, 425

- of ant-plant interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 - of biodiversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 - of dioecy in figs ................. 287 - of diversity in the Lycaenidae . . . . . . . .. 291 - of gynodioecious figs .............. 287 - of hilIslopes .................... 404 - of large seeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Evolutionary pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Existence values of forests ....... 417, 418, 545 Exploitation of Indonesian forest ....... 451-456 Extinction. . . . . . . . .. 67-69, 152, 341, 345, 469 Extractive reserves/cycles ............ 477, 478 Extrafloral nectar/nectaries ........... 294, 363 Eyestalks of diopsid flies ............... 172 F species (of birds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 539 Fabaceae .................. 142, 293, 483 Factor of safety (of slopes) ........ 399-401, 403 Fagaceae ............ 142, 326, 327, 329, 330 Family Importance Value (of trees) ... 139,141-143 FAO Tropical Forestry Action Plan ........ 503 Feeding behaviour - of bees .............. 59

- of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Feeding guilds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 127 Ferns ................. 163, 167,442,443 Fertilisation (nutrients) . . . . . . . . .. 241, 246, 253 Fibres (piassava) ................. 477-487 Figs, pollination/reproduction ......... 283-289 Fiji .......................... 152, 523 Filicium-Euphoria-Artocarpus-Myristica

transitional series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 505 Finnish taiga ant community . . . . . . . . . . . .. 339 Fire resistant weeds .................. 516 First-order jackknife method .......... 206, 207 Fish ................... 307-314, 377-386

- assemblages .................... 311 - distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 - morphology ................. 308,310 - species diversity ................. 312

F1acourtiaceae . . . . . . . . . . .. 141-143,328,483 Flora Malesiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 163 Floristic zones in Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 540 Flowering synchrony, in figs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Focal forests in Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 542 Fogging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10, 205 Food bodies as food sources for ants . . . .. 11, 363 Food webs in bamboo internodes ...... 85, 91, 96 Foraging tactics in fish ................ 307 Foreign labourers in forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 Forest - conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

- conservation planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 - conversion .................. 414,415 - destruction in Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 - destruction in Thailand ............. 521 - economic rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 - exploitation ................. 451-455 - financial returns ................. 419 - food products ................... 518 - legislation ..................... 455 - plantations ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 277-281 - population dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 - products ........ 417-419,435,451-2,454 - profile diagrams ................. 248

GENERAL INDEX 559

Forest (cont.) - regeneration ............. 516 - reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503, 536 - resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453, 517 - structure ...................... 347 - sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Formicidae ................ 6,93,117,206 Formicinae ..... 117, 119-122,332,357,359,360 French Guiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Frequency distribution - of trees . . . . . . .. 139-141

- of rainfall events .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Freshwater fish communities . . . . . . . . .. 307-314 Freshwater swamp forest ... . . . . . . 411-415, 429 Frogs - litter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

- tree ......................... 322 - vocalisation .................. 80, 82

Frugivorous animals ............... 283, 288 Fruit doves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 288 Functional value of trees ............... 468 Gallery rainforest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67, 68, 133 Gamma-rarity ...................... 195 Gap seedlings ................... 370, 374 Gap-phase species. . . . . . . . . .. 50, 227, 367-375 Gas exchange ............... 369, 370, 374 Gastromyzontins ................. 309,310 Gastrotricha ........................ 5 Gekkonidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Generalist plant species ................ 327 Genetic resource .................... 429 Genitalia of dolichopodids ........... 188, 189 Geographical Information Systems ..... 316,406,

489-494, 495-502 Geographical variation in Presby tis ........ 71-76 Geomorphology ........... 259,387, 392, 407 Gerlach-type runoff plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Germany .......................... 16 Germination ................ 217,223,227 Gesneriaceae . . . . . . . .. 43, 46, 47, 50, 156, 221 Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10, 357 Gibbons ....................... 154, 343

- Bornean ...................... 343 - Kloss ........................ 429 - white-handed ................... 155

Gingers ....................... 442, 443 Glaciation .......................... 71 Global Positioning Systems (GPS) ...... 496, 499 Gnaphosidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Gnathostomulida ..................... 5 Gobiidae ......................... 380 Gombak Field Station, Peninsular Malaysia .... 97 Gradient, of streams .. . . . . .. 377-379,383,385 Gradients, topographical ............... 393 Graminae/Grasses . . .. 50, 228, 442, 443, 445, 446 Green-backed Narcissus flycatcher . . . . . . . .. 156 Gross domestic product ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 Growing stock patterns, trees ............ 489 Growth performance, dipterocarps 277-281, 347-355 Growth rates of trees ..... 216,217,219,280,374 Gryllidae ....................... 80, 84 Guangdong, China ................... 489 Guilds, ants .................... 331, 339 Guineo-Congolian forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 541 Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia ............. 68 Gunung Danum, Sabah ................ 119 Gunung Leuser Park, Sumatra ............ 421 Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak .. 37,47,48,

132, 139, 143,255,297,303-304, 298 392, 421 Gunung Silam, Sabah .............. 253, 255 Guyana .......................... 277 Gymnophiona ...................... 317 Gynodioecy in figs . . . . . . . . . . .. 283, 284, 287 Habitats - classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

- disturbance and small mammals. . . . . . .. 175 - diversity ...................... 322 - fragmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 - partitioning in streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 - preferences of ants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 - preferences of empidoid flies ......... 187

- utilisation by fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Hainan, China ...................... 489 Hansa Bay, Papua New Guinea ........ 184, 190 Hanunoo people, Southeastern Mindoro . . . . . . 460 Hawaiian Islands ................. 152,217 Heath forest (kerangas) .. 13,38,44, 412, 481, 489 Hemichordata ....................... 5 Hemiptera ........... 5, 8, 9, 14, 92, 93, 310 Herbivory, role of ants ................. 10 Herbs ...................... 43-57,222 Herpetofauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 315-323 Hesperiidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 125, 127, 131 Heteropoda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Heterostyly in figs ................... 284 Hexapoda .......................... 5 Highland forests in Thailand ............. 513 Hillslope characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . .. 387-409 Hindumkanda, Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 506 Histeridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Hmong hill tribes, Thailand ............. 514 HomopteralHomopterans . 5, 10,24,293, 294, 310 Honeybees .................... 61,63, 64 Honeycreepers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 152 Hooded pitta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 156 Hornbills .................. 104, 153, 155

- bushy-crested ................... 155 - great ......................... 155 - helmeted ...................... 155 - rhinoceros ..................... 155 - white-crowned .................. 155 - wreathed ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155

Horton-Strahler stream classification . . . . . . . . 378 Host-specificity of fig pollinators .......... 283 Host-tree specificity of arthropods .......... 25 Huastec people, Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Human commensals ............... 315,321 Human immunodeficiency virus ........... 470 Hurulu Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka ......... 507 Hutchinsonian ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 179 HybotidaelHybotinae ............... 183-192 Hydrograph .................... 395, 397 Hydrological processes ............. 401, 407 Hydrology ................. 259, 387, 394

- influence of termites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Hydrophilidae .................... 93, 94 Hydrophorinae ................... 185, 187 Hymenoptera. .. 5,8,9, 14,24,93, 117,283,310 Hypericaceae ...................... 328 Hypoxidaceae ...................... 445 Hystricidae ..................... 177, 181 Ibans ............................ 421 Icacinaceae ..................... 142, 483 Ichthyophiidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Importance Value Index for trees . .. 139, 140, 143 Improvement fellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303, 320 Indicator groups - of organisms ......... 15, 16

- of species. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 357, 535, 545 Indigenous knowledge ... . . . . . . . . . . . 457, 459

land use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Indirect use values ............ 417,418, 535 Indonesia .................. 6,8, 163,327,

388, 398, 412, 421, 425, 451, 452, 455, 524 Indonesian Borneo ................ 411, 414 Indonesian Government legislation ......... 451 Indonesian National Development Plan ... 452, 453 Indonesian Selective Cutting System ........ 412 Infiltration rates .................. 395, 407 Infinite slope analysis ................. 406 Infinite slope model ........ 387,398,399,407 Insectivoraiinsectivores ...... 175, 177, 181,427 Insect sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 77, 83 Instrumental values of trees . . . . . . . . . . . 467, 468 Integrated Multi-Sectoral Information System

(IMSIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 489-494 Inter Tropical Convergence Zone . . . . . . . . . . 388 Interception of rainfall . . . . . . . . .. 263, 264, 394

560 GENERAL INDEX

International Amazon Ecosystem MAB Project . 489 International Tropical Timber Agreement . . . .. 503 International Tropical Timber Organisation

(ITTO) ..................... 456, 490 Internode community of bamboos ......... 85-99 Interspecific interactions, of ants ....... 332-335 Intrinsic value of a tree ................ 472 Inventories ............... 43,208,315,459 Inventory methods ................ 321, 523 Inventory of rattan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 523 Irian Jaya ...................... 425, 451 Irrigation ......................... 229 Island biogeography .................. 433 Isopoda ........................... 5 Isoptera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5, 303 ITTO Target 2000 ................... 493 IUCN categories ............. 506, 507, 538 Ivory Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Ixonanthaceae ................... 141, 142 Jaccard's coefficient of similarity .......... 383 Jackknife method of estimating species richness . 198 Jamaica/Jamaican montane forests ...... 223, 255 Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 217,220,225 Java .......... 72,74,91,391,425,433,455 Johor, Peninsular Malaysia .............. 347 Jungle Sanctuaries ................... 507 Kadazan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Kakadu, Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Kakamega Forest, Kenya ..... 107, 109,541,542 Kalimantan .. 75, 163,269,411,414,421,451,455 Kampong Batang Duri, Brunei Darussalam .... 242 Kampong Kapok, Muara, Brunei Darussalam ... 34 Kanching Forest Reserve, Malaysia ..... 347,348 Kapit Division, Sarawak ............... 341 Kapuas river basin, Indonesia ............ 415 Kapur Forests, Malaysia ............ 347-355 Karimata island, Indonesia ............... 73 Katydids ................... 77,79, 80, 82 Kayans .......................... 422 Kayap6 Indians ..................... 463 Kelabits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Kendall's rank correlation coefficient ....... 383 Kenya .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 105, 107-109,418, 535 Kenya Indigenous Forest Conservation Project . . 537 Kenyahs .......................... 421 Kerangas (heath) forest .. 13,38,44, 412, 481, 493 Key Ikeystone species . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15, 283 Khao Yai National Park, Thailand ...... 419, 421 Kimberley District, Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Kinabalu National Park, Sabah .. 77, 117, 132,421 Kinorhyncha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Kiribati .......................... 152 Koppen System ..................... 428 Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre,

Brunei Darussalam .... 44, 101, 125, 169, 175, 262, 298, 307, 315, 332, 368, 387, 389, 524

Kuala Lompat, Pahang, Malaysia .......... 119 Kuper Range Wildlife Conservation Area, Papua

New Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 La Selva Forest, Costa Rica ...... 217,219,229 Labiatae ....................... 325, 506 Labiduridae ........................ 92 Lagriidae .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Laing Island, Papua New Guinea .......... 184 Lake Turkana, Kenya ................. 535 Lake Victoria, Kenya .............. 535, 541 Land - ethics .................... 467, 471

- tenure ..................... 417, 421 - use .......................... 492

Landscape stability evaluation .. . . . . . . . . . . 406 Landslides .................. 401,405-407 Langurs - dusky .................. 154, 156

- maroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 - Mentawai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 - pig-tailed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 - white-fronted ................... 344

Lapse rate on Bukit Belalong . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Las Tuxtlas Forest, Mexico ............. 217 Late-tolerant plants ................ 219,220 Lathridiidae ........................ 93 Latin America ...................... 477 Latitudinal distribution of plants . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Latosols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 260 Lauraceae/laurels . . .. 142,223-225, 325-330, 483 Leaf beetles ........................ 94 Leaf litter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 255,267,304

- effect on sediment loss ............. 266 - effect on sediment retention ........ . . 265 - role in preventing erosion ........... 259 - rates ......................... 249

Leaves - morphology. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 367-370 - specific leaf area .............. 367, 370 - thickness ................... 368, 370

Lecythidaceae ...................... 142 Legislation, forests in Indonesia . . . . . . .. 451-456 Leguminosae .................... 143,225 Lentic zone .............. 307,309,310,312 Lepidopsocidae ...................... 92 Lepidoptera .. 4, 5, 9, 10, 14,23, 27, 29, 93, 310

- Lycaenidae and ants ................ 12 - Pyraloidea .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-42

Leptanillinae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Levins index of niche breadth ......... 335, 338 Libellulidae ......................... 94 Liberia .......................... 541 Life-Forms in folk classification . . . . . . .. 435-449 Light - compensation points ... 367,369, 370, 373

- regimes .................... 216, 374 - tolerance ........... . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Light-demanding plants . 216-218,220,222,26,227 Limestone hill flora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153,155 Linaceae ...................... 141, 142 Lions ............................ 418 Lithocarpus-Castanopsis rain forest . . . . . . . . . 284 Lithosols ......................... 260 Litter - gaps .................... 217,227

- production .................. 297, 347 - traps ......................... 245

Litterfall ............ 241, 245, 247, 249, 253 - nitrogen concentrations .. . . . . . . . . . . . 256 - rates ......................... 268

Lizards ....................... 317,319 - flying ......................... 97 - monitor ....................... 321

Llavac, Luzon, Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Local species richness .... . . . . . . . . . . . .. 193 Loganiaceae .................... 141, 142 Logged-over forest ................... 413 Logging .......... 341-346,411-414,419,420,

425-433, 451-456 - illegal ..................... 421,454 - impact on Siberut .............. 431, 432

Long-fallow forest management systems ... 481,484 Long-horned beetle .................... 94 Longans .......................... 518 Longevities - of seeds ................. 226

- of trees ....................... 216 Loranthaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 167 Lotic zones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 307,309,310 Low thinning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Lower montane forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241, 284 Lowland dipterocarp forest.. 30,34,77, 108, 117,

126,297,315,331,332,358,368,393,495,524 Lowland rain forest ................ 215,241 Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Luzon, Philippines ................... 235 Lycaenidae/Lycaeninae . 12, 125, 127, 131,291-296 MacArthur & Levins' equation ........... 316 Macaques - Mentawai ................. 429

- pig-tailed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 - stump-tailed ................. 153, 155

Macrolepidoptera .............. 9, 29, 30, 35 - in Borneo ...................... 39

Macrotermitinae ............ 297-299, 301-303

GENERAL INDEX 561

Madagascar ....................... 505 Madang, Papua New Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . .. 183 Mae Soi, Chiang Mal, Thailand ........... 513 Magnesium concentrations in soil .......... 261 Malaise traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8 Malay archipelago .................... n Malay Peninsula. 46, n, 74, 91, 169, In, 220-223 Malaysia/Malaya .... 13,117,178,221,268,277,

291,345,347,411,452 Male secondary sexual characters . . . . . . . . .. 186 Malesia ................. 64,225,325, 505 Malpighiaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483 Maludam Peninsula peat swamp forest,

Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Maluku, Indonesia ................... 451 Mammals/Mammalia ...... 5, 67-69, 80, 341, 427

- dispersal of fruits & seeds ........... 224 - diversity ............... 342, 343, 538 - marsupials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 - monkeys ....................... 71 - small mammal diversity .......... 175-182 - surveys .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153

Man and Biosphere Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Management planning ....... 463,482, 535, 545 Mandor Nature Reserve, West Kalimantan .... 412 Mangrove forests .. 34,38,183,186,190,411,429 Manilkara-Chloroxylon series ............ 505 Manu, Peru ....................... 221 Marantaceae . . . . . . . . .. 50, 228, 325, 446, 483 Marbled cats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Marshall Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 152 Marsupials .................. 68, 177, 288 Mass movement of hillslopes . . . . .. 397, 398, 406 Mastacembelidae .................... 380 Mata Ayer Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia3, 155 Material value of trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 Mating behaviour of stalk-eyed flies ........ 169 Mau Forest Reserve, Kenya .......... 107, 542 Mbuti people, Zaire .................. 462 McIntosh's Diversity Index ........ 105-107, 109 Medeterinae ....................... 185 Medicinal plants ..................... 517 Mediterranean Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Megabats ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Megatherms (of plants) ............. 325, 327 Melastomataceae .... 43,50, 142,219,221,226,

326, 327, 482, 483 Meliaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 117, 142, 325-330 Mende people, Sierra Leone ............. 461 Mendolong, Sabah ................... 391 Mentawai Islands, Indonesia ........ 71,74,425 Merimbun village, Brunei Darussalam .... 436, 437 Mersing Forest Reserve, Malaysia ......... 348 Mesophyll vine forest .................. 23 Mesozoa .......................... 5 Mexico ........................... 64 Microhabitats ............... 315,331,363

- analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 - use ................... 315,316,320 - utilisation by fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Microhybotids ...................... 186 Microhylidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Microlepidoptera .......... 9, 29-42, 133, 500

- in SE Asia ...................... 39 - species richness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Micrometeorology of forest gaps .......... 217 Micronesia .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 152 Microphoridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 183, 184, 186 Microtherm (of plants) .............. 325, 330 Migrant birds ................... 101, 105 Migration of fish .................... 385 Miletinae .................. 291, 293, 295 Mimosaceae .................... 293, 483 Mineral losses/sediment losses ......... 265, 267 Miridae ........................... 92 Mist netting ................ 101, 102, 108 Mites ................. 89, 90, 92, 183, 186

Mixed dipterocarp forest ....... 13,38,43, 139, 140, 143, 175, 259, 260, 268, 341, 367, 377,

413, 436, 489, 493 Mkongani Forest Reserve, Kenya . . . . . . . . . . 542 Moisture retention curves/fluxes ........ 396, 397 Mole crickets ....................... 82 Mollusca ......................... 4, 5 Mombasa-Kilifi area, Kenya ............. 541 Mongoose, collared .................. 343 Monitor lizards ..................... 321 Monsoons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 358, 388, 389 Monsoon rainforest .................. 67-69 Montane forest ... 13,38,217,241,283,325-330

- profile diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 248 - in Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

Monterey pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Moonrat .......................... 156 Moraceae ............ 142, 283, 327, 328, 483 Mortality (of Kapur) .................. 353 Mosquito larvae .............. 88, 89, 91, 95 Moult cycles of birds ..... 101, 102, 105, 107, 109 Mount Banahao, Luzon, Philippines ........ 325 Mount Kaindi, Papua New Guinea ..... . . . . 284 Mount Makiling, Luzon, Philippines . . . . . . .. 326 Mouse, pencil-tailed tree ............... 156 Mousedeer - greater .................. 156

- lesser ..................... 156, 343 Mozambique ....................... 541 Mudpuddling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 127, 129, 133 MuridaelMurids ........... 175, 177, 178, 181 Mushrooms ........................ 517 Mustelids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177 Mutualism ........... 283,287,291,295,303 Mycetophilidae ................... 90, 93 Mycorrhizae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Myristicaceae ...... 141-143,325,326, 328, 428 Myrmecophily . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 291, 292, 294 Myrmecoxeny ............... 291,293,294 Myrmicinae .... 117,119,120-122,357,359,360 Myrsinaceae .......... 141, 142, 328, 482, 483 Myrtaceae ........ 141-143,247,293,325-327,

329, 330, 482, 483 Mysmeridae ........................ 92 Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Nandi Forest, Kenya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 107 Nanga Medamit, Sarawak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Nanga Tayap, Kalimantan ........... 412-414 Nanga Tekalit, Sarawak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Nasutitermitinae . . . . . . . . . .. 297, 298, 300-302 National Biosphere Reserves .......... 425, 508 National Parks ......... 417, 421, 432, 507, 535 Natural resource management . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 Nature Reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 Nauru ........................... 152 Nectar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59, 62, 65, 104, 184 Nectaries, extra-floral .................. 11 Negative binomial method of estimating species

richness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206, 207 Nemata .......................... 4,5 Nematodes ......................... 4 Nematomorpha ...................... 5 Nemertea .......................... 5 Nest distances in ants ................. 338 Nesting, in bees ...................... 61 Neurigoninae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185 Neuroptera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 New Caledonia ..................... 151 New Guinea ............. 151, 422, 425, 523 New Guinea forests .................. 255 New Hebrides .................... " 109 New Zealand .................... 152, 186 Niche .......... 307,315,321,326,331,339

- breadth . . . . .. 307, 308, 310, 335, 336, 338 - differentiation ................ 151, 215 - distributions ......... . . . . . . . . . . . 331 - overlap ......... 307,308,311,316,321,

322, 331, 335-339

562 GENERAL INDEX

Niche (conto) - overlap cladograms 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 311 - parameters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335, 339 - segregation in Lycaenidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 291, 295

Nieuwenhuis' bulbul 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 102 Nigeria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13, 272, 458 Nitidulidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 93 Nitrification rates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246, 250, 255 Nitrogen concentrations - in litterfall 0 0 0 0 0 241, 247

- in seeds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 224 - in soil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 261 - on Bukit Belalong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 249 - losses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 266, 267

Noah Creek, Queensland, Australia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 Nomadic lifestyle 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 462 Non-pioneer species (of trees) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 227,372 Non-timber forest products 0 0 0 0 419-421,477, 523 North America 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 217,220, 332

- deserts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 332 - temperate forests 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 332

Northern Territory, Australia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67, 151 Nuaulu ethnozoology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 447 Nuaulu people, Seram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 462 Nuaulu, Seram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 459-461 Nutmeg 00000000000000000000000000 229 Nutrients - in forest soils 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 241-257

- concentrations in streams 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 382 - losses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 - role of termites in cycling 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 - supply 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 216

Nyctaginaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325, 326, 328, 483 Nycterbiidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 Nymphalidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125, 127, 131 Oceania - forest bird diversity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151-152

- empidoid flies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 Ochnaceae ........................ 0 46 Ochyroceratidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92 Odonata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5, 310 Oecophoridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Oil of palosapis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 Olacaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 117,141,142 Oleaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 Oligophagy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 Onychophora 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Oonopidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92 Opiliones 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Opium poppy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 516 Option values of forest 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 417, 418, 535 Orchidaceae/Orchids 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47, 50, 155 Organic litter erosion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 267 Organic matter - content of soils 0 0 0 261,263,266

- losses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260, 266 Organic sediment losses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 Orthic acrisols 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 244, 259, 261 Orthoptera 0 0 0 0 5, 9, 12, 24, 77, 80, 83,310, 336 Osteichthyes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Otters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 427

- oriental small-clawed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 343 Over-exploitation of forest products 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 536 Overlap of ant species 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 359 Owls - brown fish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156

- dusky eagle 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156 Oxygen pumps, trees as 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 472 Pachytroctidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92 Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 347 Palduay village, Thailand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 514 Palaearctic migrants (birds) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 102, 109 Palaeomagnetic dating 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 392 Palm oil plantations 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 425,433 Palmae/Palms 0 155, 166-7,429,442, 444, 446, 523 Palosapis, resin yields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235-240 Panama 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215,217,228,229,357 Pangolins 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156, 427 Panthers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156 Panti Forest Reserve, Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 348 Pantu, Sarawak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 421 Papilionidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125, 127, 129, 131 Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 91, 183-186, 188, 189,

224,271,272,274, 275, 283, 357, 417, 422 Parasites - of ants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12

- of fig wasps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 287 Parazoa .......................... 0 5 Parrots .......................... 0 288 Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,297-304 Patch dynamics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 503 Pathogens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 224 Paussidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Peak Wilderness Sanctuary, Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 508 Pearson's correlation coefficient 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 129, 130 Peat swamp forest 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,411-414

- as energy sources 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 414 Pelage colour in Presby tis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 71, 73 Pelagic species of fish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 309, 310 Pelobatidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 317 Penans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 421 Peninsular Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 88, 132, 153, 156, 180,

277, 292, 297, 298, 304, 341, 345, 347, 373, 523 Penman evaporation/transpiration rates 0 0 0 0 0 0 251 Pentaphragmataceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 221 Pentatomidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92 Peradayan Forest Reserve, Brueni Darussalam 0 180 Perlis, Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 153 Peru 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,221, 272, 419 Pesticides - concentrations in Thailand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 519

- contamination of streams 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 513 Pharmaceuticals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 478 Pharmacology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 458, 470 Phenology,ofbutterflies 000000000000 125-133 Pheromones 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 186, 191 Philippines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235, 325, 429, 452, 524, 530 Pholcidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92, 95 Phoridae/Phorids 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87, 90, 93 Phoronida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Phosphate mining 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 473 Phosphorus - concentrations in soil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 261

- losses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 266, 267 Photosynthesis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367,369,370-374

- efficiency 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 373 Photosynthetically active photon flux density

(PPFD) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367 Physico-chemical characteristics of forest

streams 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 382 Physiological shade tolerance 0 0 0 0 0 216, 219, 226 Physiology of tree seedlings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367-375 Phytotelmata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85, 86, 95, 97 Pianka's Index 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 308 Piassava palms & products 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 477-487 Pieridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125, 127, 129, 131 Pigs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250, 343, 459

- bearded 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 343 Pioneer trees 0 220, 221, 225-228, 367, 368, 372-374 Piperaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 483 Pit vipers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 Pitcher plants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 Pitfall trapping - of ants 0 0 0 117, 118, 122,358,361

- of herpetofauna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 316 - of small mammals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 176

Plants - adaptations and ants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 - domestication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 462 - endemism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 541

Plantations 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 277, 280 Plasticity of seedlings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367 Platyhelminthes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Platystomatidae/Platystomatid flies 0 0 0 0 0 0 169, 191 Plectoptera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 Poaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 516 Podocarpaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325, 329 Podsolic soils 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 428 Pogonophora 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Pollination 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 283, 430

- in figs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 283-289 Polonnaruwa period, Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 507 Polygalaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 142 Polygonaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 483 Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151, 152

GENERAL INDEX 563

Ponerinae ...... 117, 119-122,332,357,359,360 Population density, of ants .............. 363 Population growth in Indonesia ........... 414 Population growth/densities in Sri Lanka ..... 506 Population of Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 536 Population structure (of birds) . . . . . . . . . . .. 101 Porcupine - Malayan .................. 156

- thick-spined ................. 177, 343 Pore water pressure ............ 387, 400-403 Poring Hot Springs, Sabah ......... 77,82, 117 Port Vila, Vanuatu .................... 30 Posterity argument for conservation ........ 468 Potassium, losses from erosion ........ 266, 267 Potato, as crop in Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 519 Predation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 315, 385

- by ants ........................ 11 - by wasps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 - of seeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224

Preservation of global biodiversity ......... 503 Prey diversity in fish ............... 308, 310 Priapulida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Primates .......... 153, 155,341-343, 427, 539 Production forest .............. ... 413, 451 Profile diagrams of forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Proteaceae ..................... 142, 225 Protected area system of Sri Lanka . . . .. 507 = 509 Protected forest in Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . .. 414 Proto-Malayan people ................. 433 Proto-terrestrial (plants) ............ 47, 48, 50 Protozoa ...................... 4, 5, 87 Prudential argument for conservation ....... 470 Pselaphidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12, 93 Pseudococcids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Pseudomyrmicinae ...... 117, \19-121,359,360 Pseudophyllinae ...................... 81 Pseudoscorpiones .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Pseudoturnover .................. 197, 205 Psocoptera ............... 9, 23, 24, 90, 92 Psychodidae ..................... 90, 93 Pteridophytes ..................... 47-50 Puerto Rico ....................... 364 Pyralidae ....................... . . . 94 Quantum yield values ................. 374 Queensland, Australia. 21,151,220,223,231,288 Quezon, Philippines ............... 235, 326 Radiation, of empidoid flies ............. 183 Rainfall - at Belalong .... 243,263,389,391,392

- at Danum Valley Field Centre ........ 358 - data for Brunei Darussalam ....... 388-402 - effect on erosion .......... . . . . . .. 259

Rambai village, Brunei Darussalam ........ 435 RaminiRamin forest ............... 413-415 Ramsar Wetlands .................... 507 Ranidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Rapid Biodiversity Assessment ....... " 27, 321 Rare species and conservation ......... 538, 545 Rats ......................... 154, 427

- black ........................ 152 - brown spiny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177 - dark-tailed tree .................. 177 - long-tailed giant ................. 177 - Malaysian field ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177 - Muller's ...................... 177 - Polynesian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177 - red spiny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177, 178 - white-tailed ................. 224-226 - Whitehead's .................... 177

Rat kangaroo, musky .............. 224, 225 Rattans ............. 428, 430, 439, 440, 523

- inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 523-533 Recreation argument for conservation ....... 471 Recruitment (of seedlings) .............. 354 Red duiker .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 539 Red-yellow podzols ................... 341 Red/far-red ratio ................. 216, 226 Reduviidae ., ....................... 93 Reforestation .................... 452, 455

- Fund (Indonesia) ................. 455 - programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 - projects in Thailand ............... 518

Regeneration ............. 215, 216, 227, 349 - of kapur ................... 344-355 - of peat swamp forests ........ 347,411-415

Regeneration niche ................... 215 Regional diversity of beetles in Borneo ...... 208 Regional species richness . . . . . . . . . . . . 193, 194 Relict fauna ....................... 433 Relief - of the Batu Apoi Forest Reserve .. 394, 397

- of Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 504 Reproductive behaviour of stalk-eyed flies .... 169 Reproductive success in figs and fig-wasps . 283-289 Reptilia/Reptiles ................ 5, 155,315

- surveys of ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153 Resettlement areas on Siberut ............ 432 Resettlement programmes in Thailand ...... , 514 Residual stand (after logging) ............ 413 Resin yields in palosopis ............ 235-240 Resources - depletion ................. 472

- inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 523 - management .................... 421 - overlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 332, 338, 339 - partitioning . 84,291,295,307,311,331,332 - utilisation ................... 315, 339

Respiration rates (in plants) . . . . . .. 367, 373, 374 Restinga (heath-like forests) ............. 478 Rhacophoridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Rhamnaceae ....................... 293 Rhaphiinae ........................ 185 Rheophytic herbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Rhinotermitidae " ................ 297-303 Rhizophoraceae .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Riau archipelago, Indonesia .............. 72 Riau-Jambi forest, Indonesia ............. 451 Rice - bioassay .............. 241, 246, 252

- cultivation ..................... 517 Rio de Janeiro, Argentina .............. , 268 Riparian forest, Brunei Darussalam ........ , 175 Ripple bugs ......................... 95 Rituals (relation to ethnobiology) .......... 461 River discharges .................... 394 Riverine Forest, Siberut, Indonesia . . . . . . . . . 425 Rodentia/Rodents ..... " ........... 175, 177 Root competition ....... 215, 216, 223, 227-229 Root mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267, 269

- effect on sediment retention . . . . . . . . . . 265 - role in preventing erosion ........... 259

Rosaceae ......................... 142 Rotifera .......................... 4, 5 Rove beetles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88, 89 Royalties from timber ................. 420 Rubiaceae . . . . . . . .. 46,50, 142, 163,221,226,

327,429,444, 482, 483 Runoff ..................... 259,264-266

- and soil erosion ., 259-270,271-275,387-409 Rural development in Indonesia . . . . . 451,452, 455 Rutaceae ............... 326, 328, 441, 446 Sabah .. 34,77,97, 117, 132, 163,217,226,229,

253, 255, 264, 268, 341, 345, 357, 358, 420, 421 Sabal Forest Reserve, Sarawak ........ 489, 493 Sabiaceae ...................... 141,142 Sago Palm Swamp Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Sagulubek Formation, Indonesia. . . . . . . . . .. 427 Salticidae/salticid spiders ............. 91, 92 Samarinda, Indonesia ................. 454 Sambar deer ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 343 San Carlos de Rio Negro, Brazil .......... 489 Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica ........ 39 Sap beetles, as pollinators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 Sapindaceae .......... 142,293,327,328,483 Sapotaceae .... 142, 143,225,229,327,328,483 Saprophytes, ground herbs ............... 47 Sarawak ........ 10, 13,37, 109, 132, 143, 163,

268,297,298,317,341,387,392,411,412, 420,421,422,489,492

564 GENERAL INDEX

Sauria ........................... 318 Sayap-Kinabalu Park, Sarawak ........... 121 Scandentia ........................ 177 Sciapodinae ..... : . . . . . . . . . .. 183, 185, 187 Sciaridae ....................... 90, 93 Scincidae ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Scirtidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Sciuridae/Sciurids . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177, 178, 181 Scolytid beetles ..................... 187 Scorpiones ......................... 5 Scrophulariaceae .................... 325 Seasonal patterns - of climate ......... 387, 407

- of sediment loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 - of species occurrence .............. 197

Seasonal soil suction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Second-order jackknife method ........ 206, 207 Sediment - loading to streams ............ 269

- loss ...................... 259-268 - monitoring ..................... 271 - yields ................. 259, 265, 268

Seeds - dry mass values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 - mass ......................... 215 - predation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 283, 284 - production in figs .............. 284, 287 - set in figs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 - size ...................... 215, 220 - soil bank ................... 215, 222

Seedlings - establishment ........ 217, 223, 355 - physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 367-375 - survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Segama River, Sabah ................. 358 Selaginellaceae ...................... 47 Selangor, Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Selective logging ................. 452, 455 Semabat Agricultural Station, Brunei ..... 242, 389 Semongok, Sarawak .................. 269 Seram, Indonesia ........... 1, 2, 6, 9, 14, 22 Serow ........................... 156 Serpentes ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Setap shales ............... 44, 50, 139, 243 Settlement patterns in Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . .. 507 Sexual dimorphism in stalk-eyed flies ....... 170 Shade - influence on growth ............. 277

- tolerance ............ 215,216,221,227 Shade-loving species ................... 50 Shade-tolerant plants .. 216-218, 220-222, 226, 229 Shallow failure of slopes .. 398, 403, 404, 406, 407 Shannon's diversity index ............ 395, 360 Shannon-Wiener diversity index. . .. 308, 482, 484 Shapiro-Wilk test for normality ........... 247 Shear strength of soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Shifting cultivation . . . . . . . . . . .. 341,453,454 Shifting-mosaic dynamics, forest structure .... 489 Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya ...... 542 Shrew - Savi's pygmy ................. 177

- South-east Asian white-toothed ........ 177 Siberut Island, Indonesia ............ 425-433 Sienna Madre, Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Siluridae ......................... 380 Silvicultural practices .............. 411, 414 Silvicultural requirements of dipterocarps .. 277-281 Simaroubaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Similarity indices .............. 32,412,413 Simpson's index of diversity . . . . .. 106, 482, 484 Singapore ................ 97,221,227,229 Singhalese culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 Sinharaja Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka ..... 506, 507 Sipuncula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Sisorodae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Slope characteristics ............... 387-409 Snakes ........................ 155,317

- Oriental whip ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155 - pit viper ...................... 320 - striped racer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155

Social bees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59-66 Social forestry programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 Socio-economics - benefits of Indonesian forest . 456

- conflicts ...................... 513 - development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 492

Soils - bulk density ................ 250, 259 - chemical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 - cohesion values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 - degradation in Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . .. 521 - hydrology .............. 259, 262, 401 - infiltration capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . 269, 403 - moisture conditions ............ 259, 403 - nitrate concentrations .............. 256 - nitrification rates .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 - nutrients ............... 259,261, 268 - organic matter ................ 259, 269 - phosphorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 - potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 - profiles at Belalong ..... 260,401, 403-407 - seed bank .............. 215, 216, 226 - shear strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404, 406 - surface hydrology ................ 260 - tension .......... 395, 397, 399, 401, 407

Solanaceae ........................ 483 Solar radiation at Belalong . 241, 243, 251, 253, 256 Solomon Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151 Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 541 Sonagrams ....................... 77-84 Sonneratiaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Soricidae ......................... 177 South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Space guilds in amphibians & reptiles ....... 320 Space utilisation by fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Spartaeinae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88, 90-92 Spatial information systems (GIS) ....... 490, 496 Speciation. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151, 189, 291, 295

- in stalk-eyed flies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 170 Species - abundance curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

- area curves/relationships ...... 195, 197-199 - associations in ants ............. 334, 335 - conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 - diversity ......... 1-20, 67, 412, 482, 484

- of ants .......... 9-12,117-123,357 - of birds 101, 102, 105-107, 116, 151-152 - of butterflies ...... 125-138, 291, 295 - of empidoid flies. . . . . . . . . .. 183-192 - of fish .......... 307, 312, 377-386 - of herbs .................. 43-57 - of herpetofauna ........... 315-323 - of macrolepidoptera in Britain ... 30, 35 - of microlepidoptera .......... 29-42 - of small mammals ....... 175-182,345 - of termites ................ 12-14 - of trees ................. 139-150

- extinctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 539 - radiation ................... 183, 294

- in Sympycnus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 188 - richness. . . . .. 9,27,29,61, 117, 125, 127,

132, 143, 151, 176, 193, 196, 198, 206, 207, 215,230,295,357, 359, 377, 381, 382, 384,

385,477,482,485,489 - similarity indices .............. 412,413 - turnover ............ 125, 127, 193, 195

Spiders .................. 90, 91, 95, 208 Splash erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Spodosolic soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 484 Spongiphoridae ...................... 92 Springtails .................... 88, 89, 90 Squirrels ............ 154,225,341,343,427

- flying .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155 - giant ...................... 177,344 - horse-tailed .................... 177 - Low's ..................... 156, 177 - plain pygmy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177 - plantain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177,335,344 - Prevost's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177 - tufted ground ................... 177

Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 503-512 Stability analyses ............. 399, 403, 406 Stage hydrograph ................. 394, 395

GENERAL INDEX 565

Stalk-eyed flies .................. 169-174 Staphyleaceae ...................... 326 Staphylinidae/Staphylinid beetles .8, 12,91,93, 195 Stemflow ......................... 394 Stenophagy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Sterculiaceae .................... 142, 328 Stoats ........................... 152 Stomach contents of fish ............. 310, 312 Stomatal conductance ....... 367, 369, 371-374 Stomatal density ............... 367-370, 373 Stratification - of birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 102

- of butterlies .................... 133 Stratiomyidae/Stratiomyid beetles. . . . . . .. 90, 93 Streaked-breasted woodpecker ........... 156 Streams - gradients ................ 377, 382

- orders ............ 377-379,381,383-385 - water quality ................... 382

Stumpage value ..................... 454 Subsistence practices ............... 460, 461 Succession, in peat swamp forest . . . . . . . . . . 412 Sukadana, West Kalimantan .......... 412, 413 Sulawesi ...... 1,2,8,9,14,22,38,40,91,421 Sulphuric acid and resin production ..... 235-240 Sumatra ...... 64,71-75,102,411,425,433,455 Sun bear ...................... 342, 343 Sundaland/Sunda Shelf. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 75,425 Sungai Buloh Forest Reserve, Malaysia . . . . . . 277 Sungai Gombak, Malaysia .............. 269 Sungai Liang, Brunei Darussalam . . . . . . . . .. 163 Sungai Tenom, Malaysia ............... 269 Sustainable forest management ..... 411,412, 415,

451,454, 456, 463, 477, 492 Swamp forests ......... 183, 186, 190,221,509 Sweet potato .................... 271, 275 Swidden rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 516 Syconium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Symbiosis, between lycaenids and ants .... 292, 295 Sympatry .................... 71,75,307

- in murids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 178 Symplocaceae ................... 326, 327 Sympycninae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184, 185 Syrphidae/Syrphids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93, 94 Syzygium-Gordonia-Miche/ia-ElLIeocarpus series. 505 Taboos .......................... 422 Tachinid flies ...................... 293 Tachydromiinae .................. 185, 186 Taita Hills, Kenya ................... 542 Tanypodinae ........................ 89 Tanzania ......................... 107 Tapping, for resin ................ 235-240 Tardigrada ......................... 5 Taxaceae .................. 325, 329, 330 Teak ......................... 467,516 Tectonic uplift . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 387, 392, 407 Tekam, Peninsular Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Temburong Formation ................. 391 Temperate deciduous forest .... 217,220,221,227 Temperature, difference with altitude ....... 241 Tenebrionidae/Tenebrionoidea . . . . . . .. 8, 90, 93 Tensiometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 395, 396, 402 Tephritidae/Tephritid flies ......... 90, 92, 93,

169, 170, 171, 173 Termites .... 1, 6, 11, 12, 94, 250, 297-305, 357 Termitidae/Termitinae . . . . . .. 297, 298, 300-302 Territoriality, of stalk-eyed flies . . . . . . . . . .. 169 Testudines/Testudinidae ............. 318,319 Tettigoniidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 80, 83 Thai-Norwegian Highland Development Project. 516 Thailand ......... 153,156,321,419,421,513 Thaleban National Park, Thailand ...... 153, 156 Theaceae ...................... 325-327 Theridiidae ....................... 90-92 Thinning treatments in silviculture ...... 347-355 Throughfall ........ 259,262-264,267,363,394 Throughflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Thymelaeaceae .............. 141, 142, 328 Thysanoptera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 24

Thysanura ......................... 5 Tiliaceae ...................... 142, 328 Timah-Tasoh Dam, Malaysia ............. 156 Timber - concessions on Siberut . . . . . . . . . . . 431

- extraction .............. 341, 432, 469 - harvesting in peat swamp forest . . . .. 411-415 - production in Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 - values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Time guilds in amphibians and reptiles ...... 320 Time utilisation in fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Tineidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9 Tipulidae/Tipulid larvae . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 93, 94 Tokelau Islands ..................... 152 Torrent loaches ..................... 383 Tortoises .................. 155, 156,319 Tortri cidae .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9 Tourism ................... 419,425,433 Traditional medicines ................. 421 Traditional rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Transfrontier reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153, 156 Transmara Forest Reserve, Kenya ......... 542 Transmigration .............. 414,425,433 Tree ferns ........................ 217 Treeshrews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 154, 177,344

- common ...................... 343 - large ......................... 177 - lesser ..................... 177, 343 - mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177 - painted ....................... 177 - slender .................... 177, 343 - striped .................... 177, 343

Trengganu, Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Trichoptera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Trionychidae/Trionychids ............ 155, 318 Trophic interactions in bamboo internodes ... 85-99 Trophic resource use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Tropical Areas Bioindicators System . . . . . . . . . 15 Tropical Rainforest Cooperative Research Centre . 27 Tropical thorn forests ................. 505 Tropudults ........................ 428 Tukano people, northwest Amazon . . . . . . . . . 460 Tupaiidae/Tupaiids ......... 175, 177, 178, 181 Turtles ........................... 319

- Asian leaf ..................... 155 - giant pond ..................... 156 - Malayan flat-shelled ............ 155, 156 - Malayan soft-shelled ............... 155 - spiny ........................ 156

Tutong, Brunei Darussalam .............. 435 Ukong, Brunei Darussalam ........... 390, 391 Ulmaceae ...................... 142,328 Ulu Gombak Field Centre, Malaysia ... 86, 88, 292 U1u Segama, Sabah ................ 269,345 Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei ...... 420 UmbelliferaelUmbellifers .. 193, 199,200,201,204

- local richness estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Understorey seedlings ................. 374 Understorey species .................. 219 Ungulates. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153-155,342,344

- trapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 United Nations Conference on Environment and

Development ................. 15,417 United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64, 199, 272 Universal Soil Loss Equation .......... 271,272 Urticaceae ..................... 327, 328 Usambara mountains, Tanzania ........... 542 Valenya, Brazil ..................... 479 Valley profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Values of forests .................... 467 Vanuatu ........................... 30 Varanidae ......................... 318 Vascular plant diversity ................ 538 Vegetation heterogeneity ............... 489 Veliidae ........................... 93 Venezuela ........................ 277 Verbenaceae .................... 142,226 Vernacular synonyms ................. 435

566 GENERAL INDEX

VertebrataNertebrates ............. 5,69,315 - sounds/vocalisation. . . . . . . 71-73, 77, 80, 83

Vertical stratification of birds ............ 103 Viperidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Viruses ........................ 1,470 Vision of stalk-eyed flies ............... 169 Visual recognition in empidoids . . . . . . . . . .. 191 Viverrids ......................... 177 Vocalisation - in birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 108

- in PreslJytis ................... 71-73 Vo1can Barva, Costa Rica ............... 255 Wallace's Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151 Wallacea ......................... 425 Warm temperate rainforest . . . . . . . . . . . 217, 220 Wasps - life cycles ........... . . . . . . . . 283

- as parasites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 - as pollinators ................... 283 - predation in figs .............. 283, 287 - reproductive success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Water beetles ....................... 95 Water measurers ..................... 95 Water mites ........................ 87 Water quality ...................... 384 Water stress in trees ............... 372, 374 Water striders .................... 88, 97 Watershed protection .................. 419 Wau, Papua New Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Weasel, Malay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Weather stations at Bela10ng .......... 241, 242 Weathering of soils ................... 393 Weathering rates ................. 404, 407 Weaver ants ....................... 293 Web-building spiders ................... 95 Weevils, as pollinators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 West African savannas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 West Indies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 West Kalimantan ............ 411,412,414 West Malaysia ....... 85, 86, 221, 229, 292, 393 Western Ghats, India ............... 303, 320 White-eyes ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 152 Wildlife - management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

- survival after logging .............. 345 Winkler's sampling method. . . . . .. 359, 362, 363 Winteraceae ................ 325,329,330 Wood-boring beetles ................... 90 Wood-lice .......................... 90 Woodchips, value of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Woodpecker ........................ 94 World Commission on Environment &

Development ................. 421, 469 World Conservation Monitoring Centre ..... . 537 World Geodetic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 World Heritage Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21, 507 Xiaoliang barren coastal ecosystem . . . . . . . . . 489 Yellow-backed Duiker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 Zaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13,411 Zingiberaceae ..... 43, 47, 48, 50, 155,219,429 Zones of establishment of plant families . . . . . . 330 Zoning, in National Parks .............. 419

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES Genera and species listed …978-94-009-1685-2/1.pdf · INDEX TO GENERA...

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