Index

abnonnalities, 23, 48,49, 50, 51, 71, 96, 104, 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 117, 240,280,419

abrasion, 157, 193, 228, 233, 234, 350, 367, 368, 378, 387, 388, 390, 392, 393,394, 395, 398, 399,451,470, 484,485

abscess, 11,203,230,235,247,251,259, 264,265,269,304,349,409 brain, 259 formation, 251, 256, 259, 262 odontogenic, 258, 259 periapical, 251, 254, 263, 264, 267 pulpal, 249, 251

acculturation, 205, 211, 366 accuracy, 53, 238, 241, 247, 255, 256, 360,

419,423, 427, 428, 429, 430, 432, 433, 43~ 435, 444, 45~ 452, 45~ 455,460,479,481,

adamantinoma, 278, 280, 282, 290 adaptation, 1, 21, 28, 85, 114, 123, 157,

180,187,190,371,376,521,530 biological, 2, 156, 180

age, at death, 223, 350, 352, 361, 428, 443, 454,479,493 standards, 419 structure, 428

aging processes, 387 agriculturalist, 193,207,209,211,213,

306, 317, 322, 324, 325, 327, 329, 332, 353, 357, 358, 359, 361, 369, 372,377,390,392,396

alveolar crest, 228, 229, 230, 232, 234, 236,264,265,451

alveolar bone, 74, 75, 228, 229, 232, 235, 263,264,265,267,280,422,451 infection of, 66, 256 reduction of, 66

alveolus, 74, 203, 228,235,267, 280 ameloblast, 74, 119, 129, 131, 132, 143,

191,300,302,303,338 amelogenesis imperfecta, 118, 119, 300,

547 analysis, biochemical, 193, 195,298

multi -elemental, 319 trace element, 2, 332, 337, 345, 392

anatomy, comparative, 2, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18,19,76,95,123,143,167,420 dental, 18,21,22,23,71

angular characteristic, 76, 77, 79 defects, 264

anodontia, 107, 109 anomalies, of tooth position, 111, 112, 123,

236 anorexia nervosa, 390 antagonists, 19,79,80,90, 112, 114,422,

450,528 apical lesion, 264 aplasia, 79,109,110, Ill, 118, 119,540,

547 approximal groove, 392, 404 archaeology, 29, 124, 180, 191,206,209,

229,290,295,350,351,352,353,355, 357,361,362,363,368,369,370,372, 373,377,378,399,405,407,409,410, 419,423,432,433,449,469,470,476, 537,538,540,545,546,552

articular capsule, 147, 149, 151, 153, 154

556

disk, 147, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158 eminence, 148, 150, 151, 156, 157, 158

artificial modifications, 387, 388, 399, 404,405,410,411

atrophy, 79, 229, 231, 232, 235, 278 attachment, loss of, 234, 238, 239, 241,

242 attrition, 15,27,120, 124, 157, 191, 193,

250, 263, 264, 265, 267, 350, 351, 352, 359, 368, 388, 390, 394, 399, 444, 445, 446, 448, 450, 451, 452, 460,469,470,471,473,476,481, 484,540

bias, 207,429,446,496,526 bifurcation, 104,228,223,239,267 bilophodonty, 184, 185 bite, 90, 112, 114, 115, 116, 118, 187, 193 body decoration, 29,405,407 bone formation, 96, 121, 122, 123, 157 boteru,402 bread, 205, 317,325,327,329,351,402 bruxism, 387, 390, 450 bucco-lingual diameter, 88, 106, 360,480,

502,526,528 burial, 66, 284, 327, 328, 341, 342, 362,

405, 408, 409, 538, 541, 545, 548, 549,552 ground,342,344, 537, 538,540,545, 546,549,550,552 practices, 327, 328, 484, 502, 545, 550

calculus, subgingival, 229, 232, 234, 240, 242 supragingival, 204, 232, 234, 240

canine, 8,43,45,46,47,52, 72, 78, 79,80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 96, 102, 105, 106,116,117,168,170,181,182,183, 184,185,186,187,190,215,216,236, 237,259,279,282,288,355,358,376, 423,433,434,435,470,471,539 fossa, 259

Carabelli tubercle, 98, 102, 103 caries, 15,23,66, 124,203,204,205,206,

207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, 215,216,217,218,219,220,221, 222, 223, 230, 250, 263, 264, 267, 299, 304, 318, 351, 358, 362, 402, 448,471,539

etiology, 203 frequency, 205, 206,223 localization, 214, 221, 223

Index

catarrhine primates, 167, 169, 182, 368, 371

cell tumor (giant), 278, 280, 290 cemental bridging, 104 cementum, 71, 73, 74,103, 104, 191,

204,228,267,282,423,448,449, 452,454,455,469,473,474,475, 476 annulation, 423, 444, 445, 454, 460, 474,476 apposition, 444, 448, 449, 451, 475

cemetery, 218, 219, 220, 265,278,282, 288,290,306,502

cervical characteristic, 77, 78, 79 chewing sticks, 404 chondroma, 278, 279,290 chondrosarcoma, 282, 290 chronobiological processes, 444, 454 Citroen tubercle, 99, 103 cladistic analysis, 181 cleft of lip, jaw, and palate, 173 cleidocranial dysostosis, 108, 121 climate, 216, 323, 324, 327, 329, 420, 421,

496 cluster bands, 295 collagen, 73, 74, 75, 148, 149, 153, 154,

475 color, 233, 234, 294, 405, 444, 448, 449,

470,473,474,476 concrescence, 96, 104

theory, 20, 21 condyle, 89,148,149,150,151,153,154,

155,156,157,158,159,160 congenital malformation, 96, 121, 123 copper content, 61, 339 coprolites, 317 correlation coefficient, 355, 359, 360, 421,

429,445,447,456 craniofacial disorders, 121 cremation, 66, 299, 460 cross-sectional studies, 426, 427, 433,

434 crossbite, 114, 115, 116 crowding, 112, 115, 116, 117,470 crown, compressed, 98, 102

diameter, 88, 191,480,484,485,491 hcigh~ 36~ 361, 362, 363,481,526 morphology, 78, 80, 82, 124, 143 mushroom-shaped, 120

Index

CT investigations, 167, 169, 170, 175, 236

curvature characteristic, 76, 79, 81, 82 cusp, 20, 21, 81, 82, 83, 84, 96, 98, 101,

184,353,354,355,358,370 terminology, 20

cyst, dentigerous, 278, 279, 280, 290 radicular, 248, 252, 254, 255, 256, 262,263,265,266,267

defect, angular, 231, 259, 264 furcation, 264 lateral, 231, 232, 238, 247, 254, 256, 264,265,267

deflecting wrinkle, 10 1 dehiscence, 228, 232, 236, 237, 238, 240,

241,242 dendrogram, 528, 530 dental anomalies, 2, 23, 79, 95, 96, 98,

102,104,106,107,109,111,112,115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 123, 124, 236,281,450 bridgework, 57, 66 formations, 107, 108,419,420,422, 429,430 hard tissues, 121,387,396,469 health, 1, 10,205,206,207,208,218, 221,223,228,234,241,446 morphology, 3,17,25,26,28,95,181, 194 prosthese, 63, 217 species, 2 therapy, 407

Dental Anthropological Association, 26 dental modifications, accidental, 2, 388,

392,394,402,404,410,411 intentional, 2, 388, 405, 410, 411

dentine, 73, 74, 105, 118, 120, 129, 186, 191, 203, 235, 267, 349, 353, 354, 358, 359, 360, 364, 388, 390, 420, 423,444, 448, 449, 451, 452, 453, 454,469,470,471,472,473,475,476

degeneration, 470 secondary, 444, 446, 452 peri tubular, 444, 453

dentinogenesis imperfecta, 118, 120 dentistry, 1,2, 3, 8, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23,

24,25,28,42,45,47,52,53,71,73, 76,83,89,95,123,159,160,217,223, 242,390,407,419,433,451,473,552

dentitiotarda, 117, 121 praecox, 121

557

dentition, 1, 15, 16, 17,21,22,24,28,42, 44, 45, 46, 71, 106, 107, 108, 109, 112, 117, 119, 121, 170, 173, 181, 182, 185, 187, 191, 194,207,214, 217,218,221,223,299,318, 351, 356, 359, 360, 421, 424, 430, 431, 433, 448, 450, 451, 480, 481, 486, 488, 49~ 495, 516, 517, 522, 523, 527,528,530,

dentures, artificial, 407, 408, 409 deuteromer, 21 diastema, 116, 117 diet, 1, 16,27,28,187,188,189,191,193,

204, 205, 207, 211, 216, 227, 229, 299,306,315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 329, 330, 332, 339, 341, 342, 344, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 358,360,361,362,363,364,365,366, 367, 368, 369, 37~ 371, 37~ 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 387, 388, 392,394,399,402,411,445,450,470 frugivore, 365, 368 habits, 220, 222, 224, 322, 337, 339, 343,344,359,390 insectivore, 188,320, 365 reconstructions, 319, 332, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 360, 361, 362,363,377,378 vegetarian, 365

differentiation theory, 19,20,21 digitalisation, 445, 452, 453, 504 dimer theory, 21 dimorphism, sexual, 88, 106, 170, 191,

193,480,484 discriminant analysis, 106,480,481,483,

486,488,491,492,496,512,517 disease, periapical, 203, 262, 270

periodontal, 29, 203, 227, 228, 229, 230,234,235,238,241,247,256,267 pulpoalveolar, 203,247

displacement, 104, 112, 116 dissection, 17,419,423,427,432 distal accessory tubercle, 99 distance, multivariate, 527 DMF-Index, 205 DNA, 2, 538, 552 domestic animal, 204,316, 324, 326, 327,

330 drilling, 59, 409 Dryopithecus pattern, 20, 85, 184, 185 dysgnathia, 112, 114, 115, 116

558

dysostosis cleidocranialis, 108, 121 dysplasia, 119, 120, 122,278,282

craniofacial, 122 dystopia, paraxial, 116

ecology, 1, 2, 3, 27, 179, 180, 181, 187, 191,195,227,315,317,320,355,363, 368,378,390,419,421,422,530,537

edge-to-edge bite, 114 embryology, 1,3, 16, 17, 19,20,21,22,26,

28,41, 129 enamel, 17, 18, 71, 73, 74, 83, 102, 105,

118,119,129,132,134,136,137,139, 140,141,142,143,157,184,187,188, 189,190,191,193,204,220,221,279, 280,282,294,295,298,299,300,301, 302,303,304,306,307,337,338,339, 340,341,242,343,344,345,346,349, 354,356,358,359,360,363,364,366, 367,371,376,378,388,390,393,398, 420,423,444,448,450,454,469,470, 473 degeneration, 469 deposition, 191 formation, 74, 119,340,423 hypoplasia, 119, 120, 204, 293, 294, 295, 298, 299, 30~ 301, 302, 30~ 306,307 pearls, 109 pitting, 294, 306 projections, 109 structure, 129, 132, 136, 189, 190, 203,303,365,367,369,376 surface, 129, 132, 134, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141,221,295,300,301,302, 339,365 thickness, 27, 139, 141, 190, 191,295, 302,318

endodontium, 237, 238, 242, 255, 256 entoconulid, 99 epulis, 278, 279, 290 erosion, 285, 388, 390, 392, 402, 404

acid, 404 eruption, 8, 10 26, 96, 104, 117, 121, 156,

170, 191,214,221,229,234,264, 279, 281, 352, 354, 357, 358, 368, 387,419,421,422,443,444,450,455 abnormal sequence of, 11 0 false direction of, 110 retarded, 110, 117, 121

ethnography, 24, 28, 29, 320, 322, 377, 388,394,401,405,406,407,411

Index

etiology, 11,23,95, Ill, 116, 118, 169, 203, 222, 227, 228, 229, 247, 25~ 293,294,298,390,411

Etruscan, 57 eugnathia, 112, 115, 117 evolution, 1,2,3,15, 16, 19,26,27,28,

29, 88, 95, 112, 123, 155, 167, 168, 173, 174, 179, 180, 181, 184, 187, 189, 190, 193, 203, 207, 208, 209, 212,213,214,215,216,217,223, 315,318,320,324,394,420,471,530

factor analysis, 447, 527, 530 familial relationships, 2, 538, 540, 547 family studies, 23, 96, 98, 108, 114, 118,

119, 120 faunal remains, 316, 318 Federation Dentaire Internationale, 42 fenestration, 228, 232, 235, 236, 237, 239,

241,242 fibroma, 278, 280 fibrosarcoma, 282, 290 fibrosis, 475, 476 fibrotic, 278, 282, 476

dysplasia, 278 fluorescence, 444, 448, 449,473 fluorosis, 300, 301 forensic anthropology, 3, 124,445

medicine, 1,2,71,75,469 odontology, 1, 2, 3, 16, 42, 95, 123, 423,476

fossils, 1,2,15" 18, 19,21,95,129,179, 180, 181, 187, 188, 190, 191, 194, 350, 354, 355, 356, 363, 365, 366, 369,370,371, 372, 374, 376, 377, 392,394,423,447

Fourier transformation, 367, 375 furcation defects, 264 fusion, 21, 51, 52, 86, 87, 96, 103, 104,

105, 106, 107

game, 318, 319,320,323, 324,326, 344, 354

gangrene, 249, 250, 251,256 gemination, 51, 52, 96, 104, 105, 106 genetics, 1,2, 16,23,25,26,28,96, 101,

102, 104, 114, 116, 117, 118, 120, 123, 179,181,204,220,222,232,294,300, 307,360,393,420,421,445,507,521, 528,537,538,539,540,541,542,544, 545,546,547,549,550,552

geographic variation, 3, 420, 448, 481,

Index

gingivitis, 11,230,234 glenoid fossa, 150, 151 v. Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, 7, 8, 9, 10,

11,12 gold, artificial dentures made of, 408

band of, 57, 58 bridge, 61 fillings, 409 ligatures, 408

granuloma, apical, 66 gross wear, 349, 350, 361, 363, 376, 377,

378, growth variation, 420, 21

habits, collective, 387 individual, 387, 399, 404,

Harris lines, 299, 306 heritability, 1,420,521,539 Hertwig's sheath, 129 histology, 17, 19,21,136,147,153,157,

191, 195,248,249,251,252,255, 256, 277, 280, 295, 298, 318, 423, 424,430,455,460,469

Homo patiens, 11 horizontal groove, 294

overlap, 90, 114 horseshoe reduction form, 104 hunter-gatherer, 205, 207, 209, 211, 212,

213,223,229,315,316,317,319,320, 322,323,324,325,326,330,332,344, 352,355,357,358,365,372,390,392

Hunter-Schreger bands, 17, 134, 190 hyperostosis, 255 hypocalcification, 119,298,304 hypodontia, 107, 109, 110, 111, 117,540 hypomaturation, 119

impaction, 10, 108, 11 0, 112, 117, 118, 280 imputation, 484, 485,501,502 incisor, 8,10,21,42,43,45,46,47,48,51,

52,60,72,77,78,79,86,87,90,96, 97,98, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 114, 115, 116, 117, 136, 160, 181, 182, 183,214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 236, 237, 357, 358, 364, 365, 368, 369, 371, 373, 376, 40~ 409, 410, 423,434,435,453,471,527,528,540

inflammation,121, 203, 229, 230, 232, 234, 235, 238, 247, 249, 250, 251, 252,254,258,263,265,451,475,476

infrapopulation studies, 2, 23, 28, 124 intermaxillary bone, 8, 9, 10,

559

interpopulation studies, 2, 23, 29, 98, 124 isotopes, 2, 318, 332, 344, 345, 355, 378

jaw, 1,9, 15, 16, 17,48,51,71,88,90,91, 96,106,108,109,111,112,115,117, 121,122,123,155,174,179,181,184, 187,214,229,234,236,239,251,254, 262,263,277,282,284,290,364,387, 390,407,421,422,430,450,451,476, 485,522,527,528,538,540 tumor, 277, 278, 279, 282, 284, 285, 288,290

joint, temporomandibular, 23, 27, 147, 148,149,151,152,154,155156,157, 158,160167

kinship, 1,28,116,124,537,538,539,540, 541,543,544,546,548,549,550,552

lateral defects, 231, 232, 238, 247, 254, 256,264,265,267

life history, 1,2, 191, 193,342, span, 209, 210,445

ligament, 74, 151, 153, 154, 158,228,229, 247,256,264,265,473

lingual paracone tubercle, 99 longitudinal data, 427, 430 lowerjaw, 71, 91,108,109,112,155,181,

527,540 LSAMAT,399 LSQ model, 503, 505, 506, 507, 508, 510,

513,516

macrowear, 193 malalignments, 111 Malassez, rests of, 252, 254 malformation, 71, 96, 121, 123, 173,282 malocclusion, 96,111,112,114,115,118,

229,230,356 malposition, 112, 114, 116, 117,229,404 mandible, 20, 72, 80, 81, 89, 98,106,107,

108,109,115,147,148,150,152,154, 155,156,158,159,160,181,214,215, 217,218,221,228,236,237,259,262, 263,269,277,278,279,280,282,284, 285,288,290,448,488

mandibular, 20, 43, 46, 48, 71, 89,90,91, 99,106,115,147,148,150,151,152, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 186, 239, 279, 282, 285, 288, 40~ 42~ 430,435,444,495 prognathism, 115, 116

560

protrusion, 158, 159 retrusion, 115, 158, 159

marginal ridges, 79, 80, 81,82,83,85,96, 98,99

mass grave, 2,410,546 masticatory movements, 158, 160, 189 MAT, 98 mating patterns, 550 maxilla, 8, 20, 72, 79,89,90,98,102,107,

108, 109, 110, 115, 159, 181,214, 215,217,218,221,228,236,259, 260, 264, 269, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283,284,285,288,290,488,490,540

maxillary, 8, 43, 45, 48, 50, 51, 71, 89,90, 91,98,106,114,159,168,170,172, 171, 172, 173, 174,278,399,430, 471,495 sinus, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173,174,175,203,264,267

measurements, 140, 142, 187, 193, 228, 234, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 359, 360,361, 363, 375,429,444,447, 452, 453, 471, 473, 474, 480, 484, 485,503, 506, 507, 513, 514, 515, 517,522,523,526,527,528,530

mediastinitis, odontogenic, 259 medicinal plants, 409 megadontism, 107 menarche, 421 mesiocclusion, 112, 114 Mesiodens, 10, 11,48,49, 108 mesio-distal diameter, 88, 356, 526 metabolic disease, 232 metastases, 256, 282, 283, 285, 288, 290 micromorphological features, 129, 141 microscope, 2, 8, 16, 23, 119, 134, 140,

188, 191, 195, , 236, 252, 278, 295, 298, 301, 350, 363, 364, 365, 369, 375,445,453,455,474,475

microsymptoms, 1l0, III micro teeth, 108, 109 microwear, 188, 189, 349, 350, 363, 364,

365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372,373,374,375,376,377,378,394 formation, 367, 369, 370, 374, 376, 377 patterns of, 188, 365, 366, 367, 368, 370,371,372,376,378,394

migration, 1, 143,229,316,344,345,346, 420,521

mineralization, 74, 118, 119, 136, 156, 157, 189,229,234, 277, 300, 304, 338,340,341,343,479

retarded, 110 minus-variants, 96

Index

modifications, artificial, 2, 387, 388, 399, 404,405,410,411 dietary, 392, 394, 399,402,411 habitual, 387, 399, 411 occupational, 387, 394,411

molarisation, 98 molar, 8,10,19,20,43,45,46,48,50,71,

81,83,84,85,86,87,90,91,98,99, 107,111,170,172,174,184,185,187, 191,193,206,214,216,217,218,221, 234,235,236,281,282,298,340,341, 342,345,352,353,354,355,356,357, 358,359,360,362,364,365,366,367, 368,369,370,371,372,374,428,433, 435,450,490,522 tritubercular, 19,20

mortality rates, 258, 270, 360, 479, 485, 493,494

MPT,98 multivariate distance, 527

methods, 193,372,447,501,510 traits, 540

mutilation, 387, 388, 405, 406, 407, 411 myeloma multiplex, 282, 283, 290

necrosis, 249, 250,475,476 neonatal line, 135, 299, 423, 480 Neolithic Revolution, 324 neolithisation, 209, 223 Nomina anatomica, 41,42, 71, 151 nutrition, 2, 3, 136, 154, 204, 229, 232,

270,278,293,298,315,316,318, 320, 322, 329, 323, 378, 421, 469, 474,476,479,480,485

occlusal grooves, 394 plane, 390 relations, 88, 89, 91

occlusion, 89, 91,114,159,236,364,390, 407,419,422,450

occupation, 2, 369, 387, 390, 394, 395, 396,399,411

odontoblast, 73, 74, 349, 470, 471, 475 odontogenesis, 21, 23, 470 odontogenic abscesses, 258, 259

infection, 247, 254,256,257,258,259 odontography, 15, 18,71 odontology, 1,2,3,16,17,19,25,26,28,

42,53,76,95,123,124,262,407,423, 445,448,476,521,539,540,546,548

Index

odontoma, 96, 97, 98, 183, 193, 195,278, 280,281,282,290

odontome, dilated composite, 96, 97 oligodontia, 109 ontogen~2,8, 19,23,26,27,28,71,95,

96,97, 147, 155, 190, 191,340,343, 344, 346, 421, 423, 435, 450, 455, 521,540,

oral hygiene, 203, 220, 222,229,233,404 oral foci, 267 orthodontics, 112, 118 os maxillare, 8 osteology, 9, 10, 16, 228, 230, 232, 237,

241, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 357, 358,361,362,433,446,460

osteolytic destructions, 251, 288 osteomyelitis, 251, 256, 259, 260, 262,

263,264,290,318 osteosarcoma, 282, 283 overbite, 90, 114, 115, 116 overjet, 90, 114

paleoanthropology, 2, 3, 28, 42, 179, 180, 181,182,194,195,363,377,496,516

paleoenvironments, 316 pa1eonutrition, 315, 320 paleopathology, 2, 3,47,95,124,232,247,

262, 265, 267, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282, 28~ 285, 290, 293, 318, 323, 351,392

parafunctions, 387, 390, 394,470 paranasal sinuses, 167, 168, 169, 172, 173,

174, 175,284,285 paraxial dystopia, 116 paraxial malposition, 117 pathogen~ 11,23,95,249,251,256,304 peg-shaped form, 96, 107, 110 periapical, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254,

255,256,263,264,266,267,476 abscess, 251, 254, 263, 264, 267 disease, 203, 255, 262, 270 granuloma, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 253,254,255,256,262,263,265,267 infection, 251, 259, 264, 267 lesions, 238, 247, 248, 249, 250, 255, 256,262,264,265 periodontitis, 247, 251, 267

perikymata, 136, 191,420,423 periodontal disease, 29, 203, 227, 228,

229, 23~ 234, 235, 238, 241, 247, 256,267 recession, 232, 444, 451

561

periodontitis marginalis, 230, 231, 232 periapical, 247, 251, 267

periodontium, 73, 74, 75, 228, 229, 230, 234,235,237,238,242,475,476

phylogeny, 1,2, 11, 15, 16, 17, 19,21,26, 27,28,29, 71, 74, 95, 118, 147, 180, 181, 185, 190, 191, 195

physical anthropology, 17,24,25,27,71, 315,339,340,344,350,355

pits, 189, 203, 220, 294, 295, 300, 315, 324, 326, 327, 329, 350, 368, 369, 371,374,375

plague, 203 plant cultivation, 216, 325, 327, 329 plus-variants, 96 pneumatic cavities, 167, 168, 169, 172,

173,174,175 pneumatization, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173,

174 population, 1,2,11, 16,23,24,25,26,28,

29, 71, 87, 88, 95, 96, 98, 102, 104, 106,109,111,112,118,123,124,170, 172,193,194,204,205,206,208,210, 212,213,218,220,221,228,229,230, 241,247,250,263,264,267,279,282, 283,293,294,298,299,300,304,306, 307,318,323,324,326,329,332,337, 344,346,353,372,377,390,392,394, 398,399,402,405,411,419,422,427, 429,431,435,450,470,480,481,483, 484,485,486,488,489,495,496,501, 512,513,517,521,522,523,527,530, 537,538,539,541,542,543,545,546, 549,552

precision, 10,71,76,95,192,228,242,257, 279,354,362,399,421,428,429,434, 445,455,456,510,515,516,526,543

premaxilla, 8 premolar, 21, 43, 45, 46, 73, 78, 80, 81, 82,

86, 87, 90, 98, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109,110,112,115,116,117,140,170, 171, 181, 182, 184, 185, 187, 194, 215,216,217,236,237,280,288, 301, 340, 341, 344, 358, 362, 376, 423,435,455,470,471,490,528,540

primate evolution, 1,28, 168, 174, 179, 181 space, 117

primates, 1,2,8,11, 16,26,74,80,81,95, 151,167,168,172,174,175,181,182, 184,187,190,279,294,350,352,363, 364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371, 372,373,374,375,376,377,394

562

catarrhine, 167, 169, 182,368, principal axis analysis, 359, 360, 361, 362 principal component analysis, 444, 447,

527 prism, 17, 74, 132, 134, 136, 137, 138,

139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 190, 191, 295,338,367,371,470

prism diameter, 134, 136, 137, 140, 141, 142

protodont tooth type, 20 protomer,21 pulp, 73, 104, 106, 120, 129, 191, 193,

203, 230, 235, 237, 238, 247, 249, 250, 251, 256, 263, 264, 265, 267, 349, 406, 407, 444, 451, 452, 469, 470,471,473,474,475,476 abscess, 249, 251, degeneration, 469, 475

pulpitis, 249, 250, 251, 256, 264, 476 pulpoalveolar disease, 203, 247,270 pyramidalism, 86, 103, 104, 129, 170

racemisation, 423, 444, 453, 454, 460 radiculae appendiciformes, 102 radicular cysts, 248, 252, 254, 255, 256,

262,263,265,266,267 radiography, 48, 112, 167,228,239,241,

247,248, 251, 255, 256, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 277, 280, 282, 288, 290, 301, 419, 422, 423, 424, 425, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434,435,445,451,452,476

radix Carabelli, 103 Citroen, 103 paramolaris, 102 praemolarica, 102

recommendation, 350, 351, 361, 362, 420, 427,434,447,460

reference sample, 319,429,445,454,456, 460,484,488

regression, 173, 174, 187,229,355,357, 358, 359, 421, 429, 431, 433, 445, 446, 447, 448, 452, 455, 456, 469, 476,484,501,502,507,508,510,516

remains, faunal, 168,316,318,326,338 restorative therapy, 409 Retzius-lines, 17, 134, 191,295,301,423 root, deviations, 104, 106

characteristic, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 83, 86 differentiation, 87, 104 resorption, 252, 253, 444, 451, 475, 476

Index

size, 87, 96, 102 translucency, 444, 446, 452, 453, 472, 473,474

rotation, 73, 112, 116, 117, 158, 159, 160, 453,527

sample size, 209, 212, 337, 343,427,490, 494

score, 102,350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 377, 427, 429, 430, 431, 434, 446, 449, 455, 469, 470, 471, 475, 527,540

sectioning, 256,445 secular trend, 421, 422 SE~,23,28,134,252,256,267,295,301,

350,365,367,374,375,376,453 sequestra, 262 sex, 2, 3, 15, 29, 88, 106, 118, 207, 218,

230,374,420,421,422,430,431, 434,444,446, 450, 479, 480, 481, 483,484,485, 486, 487, 488, 491, 493, 494, 496, 501, 502, 512, 513, 522,527,528,530,538,539,545

sex determination, 29, 316, 362,479,480, 481, 483, 484, 485, 486, 489, 491, 494,495,496,501,502,512,517

sexual dimorphism, 88, 106, 170, 184, 191,193,446,480,484

short roots, 106 shovel-shaped incisor, 96 Sinodonty, 194 skeletal biology, 95 social structures, 2, 537, 538, 552 socio-economic status, 388 spacing, 112, 116, 117,420 specific antibodies, 252 staining, 249, 300, 455 striations, 364, 365, 367,368, 369, 370,

372,373,423 subsistence, 345, 355, 357, 358, 372, 390,

399,434,450,538 practices, 369,372, 378 strategies, 2, 337, 344, 357

subvertical grooves, 392 Sundadonty, 194 supernumerary roots, 102 Symbolic System, 42 systemic disease, 122,230,232,303,307

talon cusp, 96 taurodontism,86, 104, 118, 119, 120

Index

taxonomy, 15, 19, 28, 74, 180, 181, 190; 193,521,523,527,530

teeth, anatomy of, 17, 71, 76 as tool, 15, 29, 350, 377, 388, 394,399,501,512 chipped, 398 missing, 107, 109, 124,205,358 morphology of, 19,21,22,47,48,50, 51,71,72,75,76,123,184,187,293, 349,354,358,376,378 nasal, 10, 11 phylogeny of, 19 supernumerary, 10,47,48,49,50,51, 52,107,108 variability of, 2, 71, 75, 82,430

temporomandibularjoint, 23, 27,147,148, 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 167

tetracycline, 420 therapy, 256, 283, 387, 388, 390, 405,

407,409,410,411 thrombophlebitis, 259 tipping, 112, 116, 117 Tomes fibres, 17 tooth, deciduous, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50,

71, 74, 95, 121, 134, 182, 218, 298, 304, 307, 343, 344, 366,420,422, 425, 430, 432, 453, 483, 484, 485, 486,489,490,495,502 deformation, 405,406 designating sytems, 41, 42, 44, 49, 52, 53, fastening, 57 form, 15, 19,20,21,71,75,87,121, 143, 191,204, 363 nasal, 10, 11 number, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 52, 96, 107,109,120,419,444,448,460,540 permanent, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,48, 50,51,52,71,73,74,75,78,80,86, 87,95,103, 106, 107, 108, 117, 136, 181, 207, 214, 218, 279, 306, 340, 341, 342, 344, 345, 360, 368, 420, 423,425,428, 430, 431, 434, 435, 450, 480, 483, 484, 485, 486, 490, 494,495,502,540 position, 49,50,71,96, 111,112, 114, 115, 116, 123, 189, 206, 207, 221, 367,405,406,540 replacement, 57, 182 shape, 19,48,49,51,84,96,97, 107, 108,110,111,521,540

563

size, 82, 88, 96, 106, 107, 111, 112, 117, 190, 191, 358, 360,480,481, 484,521,530, structure, 16, 17,22,73,96,118,121 tribosphenic, 19,20,27, 184 use, 15,29,363,373,377,390,394, 399,444,450

tooth-like structures, 15 trace elements, 2, 319, 332, 337, 338, 339,

340,342,344,345,36,355,392,470 trait frequencies, 95, 96, 98, 539, 541, 544,

549 traits, nonmetric, 194,480,539,540

odontologic, 539, 540, 546, 548, transposition, 112, 116, 121 trauma, 2, 66, 118, 121, 229, 236, 242,

262,299,307,399,470,475,476 trema,117 trifurcation, 104,228,232,239 tritubercular theory, 19 tuberculum intermedium, 99 tubules, 8, 73, 74, 452, 453, 470, 471, 472 tumor, benign, 277, 278

cell (giant), 278, 280, 290 jaw, 277, 278,282, 290 malignant, 256, 277, 278, 282, 283, 290

twinning, 96, 104, 105, 107 twin-studies, 23, 96,101,102,108,115,116 two-digit system, 41,42,44,45,46,47,52,

53

ultrasound, 445 Universal System, 43, 44, 46, 47, 52, 53 upper jaw, 9, 48, 51, 71, 91,106,108,109,

112,115,155,181,236,522,527, urbanisation, 388 usur,390

vertical grooves, 294 overlap, 90, 112, 114

Volkmann canals, 75

wear, 1, 23, 26, 29, 186, 193, 300, 322, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 367, 369, 372, 373, 374, 376, 37~ 378, 388, 390, 39~ 393, 394,399,402,405,410,445,507,521 interstitial, 356 scores, 352, 354, 355, 356, 357, 359, 360, scoring, 351, 352, 354, 357, 358, 362

564

wedge-shaped defects, 404 weighted boundary method, 486, 487, 488,

489,490,491,492,494,495,496

Index

X-ray, 229, 239, 241, 278, 282,432,445

Y-like fissure pattern, 20

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