AAAS. See American Association for theAdvancement of Science (AAAS)

abductions. See also detentionsHumanitarian Law Center lawyer, 472Kelmendi family, 126–127by KLA, 51Serbs and Roma, 459

Abdulmexhidi family, 341abuses

detainees, 140, 142, 150, 245, 412, 470geography of, 115–119Glogovac (Gllogofc) Town, 203–206history, 19, 34–35KLA, 13–15misinformation spread by Yugoslav

media, 23“Ace,” 259Adamovic, Dragutin, 80, 97, 104, 106Ade (Hade), 117Ad-Hoc Task Force on Minorities, 456–457,

461Agani, Fehmi, 127, 129Agence France Presse, 287Agim, 301–304Agon, 303Agushi, Zahir, 251Ahmeti, Ahmet, 249Ahmeti, Qaush, 247Alar, Zeljko J., 105Albania

destabilization, 6, 30, 35, 113financial crisis, 36identity cleansing, 138–139

Albright, Madeline, 465Algemen Dagblad, 287

Aliaj, Zeqir, 319Aliu, Hajrula, 402Aliu, Ramadan, 402Aliu, Remzi, 402Alliance for the Future of Kosova, 103American Association for the Advancement

of Science (AAAS), 7–8, 125, 133,415–436

American Bar Associations’s Central andEast European Law Initiative(ABA/CEELI), 125, 434

American RadioWorks, 70–71, 81, 86, 89, 95,325–326

Amnesty International, 162Amnesty Law, 473Anastasijevic, Dejan, 85Andjelkovic, Zoran, 97, 107Annan, Kofi, 469Antic, Dusko D., 290–297Antic, Novica, 296Anti-Terrorist Forces (Specijalna Antiterori-

sticka Jedinica, or SAJ), 10, 78Arbour, Louise, 58, 123–124, 475, 477Arkan’s Tigers

actions linked to, 174, 201, 202, 225, 291,365

organization, 86–87, 89arms embargo, 54arrests, arbitrary. See detentionsArsenijevic, Radoslav, 297Ashkali Roma, 458, 460Associated Press, 249, 335Association of the Families of the Missing

and Kidnapped in Kosovo andMetohija, 459

INDEX

Austria, 59Avdyl, 376–377Avdylaj, Gani, 319Avdylaj, Hasan, 319Avdyli, Avdyl, 229

Babaj Boks (Babaj i Bokes), 236Babin Most (Babimoc), 457, 461–462Babus, 263Babush i Muhaxhere. See Muhadzer BabusBackovic, Zharko, 304Bacon, Kenneth, 444, 448Badza. See Stojicic, RadovanBajgora (Bajgore), 397, 399Bajrami, Zyka, 159Baks, 177, 184, 186–188Balkan Wars, 19Bandulic (Banulle), 262Banja (Banje), 147, 461Basques, 35Batajnica, 78Batic, Vladan, 485Battle of the Blackbirds anniversary speech,

24–25BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation),

154, 248, 256, 286–287, 363–364, 450Belacevac mine, 13, 51Bela Crkva (Bellacerke), 120, 345, 346–353Belanica (Bellanice), 381–389

collection point, 137human shields, 151killings, 371robbery, 147–148

Belgrade University, 471Bellacerke. See Bela CrkvaBellanica, Milaim, 363–364Belosevic, Dragan R., 105Berisha, Avdi, 319Berisha, Daniel, 238–239Berisha, Fadil, 380Berisha, Faton, 372–375Berisha, Kole, 239Berisha, Latif, 127, 129Berisha, Mark, 238–239Berisha, Myrete, 377Berisha, Nexhat, 372–375Berisha, Sali, 30Berisha household killing, 372–375

revenge motive, 129, 369women and children included in, 119, 423

Beta News Agency, 249, 250Bezeraj, Fadil, 247Bibaj, Nikolle, 253Bilalli, Namik, 298Bilbildere, 342–343Binaku, Ram, 316Binaku, Shaban, 320Black, Sue, 361Black Hand, 291black uniforms. See SAJ antiterrorist unitsBlic, 78Blloku i Ri (New Block), 221–222body removal. See exhumation; grave tam-

peringBogavac, Radovan, 216Bogdanovic, Milan M., 105Bojic, Vladan, 255–256, 450Bojkovic, Zoran M., 105Bokshi, Besim, 219Bokshi, Teki, 472Bosniak, 459, 461Bosnians, 20Boston Globe, 269–270Boucher, Richard, 482Boyle, Ed, 446Bozovic, Milenko, 81, 97, 106Branic, Milivoje P., 104Branko, Lazovic, 296Brankovic, Zarko, 107Brekovac (Brekoc), 236, 237Brestovac (Brestoc), 353Brocna (Buroje), 158Brolic (Broliq), 299Brovina, Flora, 142, 472Bucane (Buqan), 334Bucic, Miljenko, 31Budakovo (Budakove), 371Bujance, 267Bukos (Bukosh), 371Bukoshi, Bujar, 29, 44Bulatovic, Momir, 44Bunn, John, 361Buqan. See Bucaneburning

Cuska, 308, 313, 314, 316Djakovica city, 216

568 Index

Lipljan, 261, 265, 266–267, 268of minority homes after NATO’s arrival,

14, 454, 461Pec City, 291, 300–301prisoners at Cirez mosque, 190–191Prizren-Djakovica Road, 355, 359, 364Prizren municipality, 340, 341Suva Reka municipality, 380

Buroje. See Brocna Bush, George, 29Bytqyi, Isak, 275Bytyqi, Adem, 272Bytyqi, Agim, 386Bytyqi, Fatmir, 275Bytyqi, Husnije, 472–473

Cabrat, 141, 211, 212–213, 222–223Caka, Dalina, 220Caka, Delvina, 220Caka, Diona, 220Caka, Valbona, 220Camovic, Sreten, 83, 214Camp Bondsteel, 483Cecelija (Ceceli), 408CEELI. See Central and East European Law

Initiative (CEELI)Ceku, Agim, 99, 100, 307, 434Ceku, Hasan, 307, 309–310, 319Ceku, Kadri, 319Celina (Celine), 353–358, 430Celine. See CelinaCenter for Peace Through Justice, 434Central and East European Law Initiative

(CEELI), 125, 434Cernica, 461Cernille. See CrniloChicago Sun Times, 334children

Geneva Convention protections, 496killing of

Djakovica, 220Drenica, 38–39Gornje Obrinje attack, 48–49, 157Panda Cafe, 289Pec, 303, 335Poklek, 168–171Prizren-Djakovica Road, 352, 353, 355rate, 423–424

Suva Reka municipality, 119, 129, 375,377, 380, 395, 396, 423

Trnje, 369Vrsevce, 269Vucitrn, 410–411

rock-throwing in Smrekovnica, 413–414separated from men, 160, 222–223, 230,

284, 311–312, 321, 334, 354, 418,419, 423

China, 54Christian Science Monitor, 234Christmas Warning, 29churches, destruction of

Djakovica, 467by KLA, 14, 454, 455Pec municipality, 289, 300Slovinje municipality, 270

Cikatove e Vjeter. See Staro CikatovoCirez (Qirez), 38, 155, 186, 432Cirez Mosque, 150, 177, 188–192Cirkovic, Mladen, 67, 478civilian-military implementation cell

(CMIC) officer, 466civilians, laws protecting

against attacks, 496–498displacement, 500–501NATO’s conduct, 440, 442–443

civilians, laws protecting(continued)property damage, 495–496

Clark, Wesley, 57, 444, 446, 467Clinton, Bill, 29, 44cluster bombs, 13, 151, 154, 446, 451CMIC. See civilian-military implementation

cell (CMIC) officerCNN, 164Cobras (Kobre), 70Cohen, William, 53–54, 121collateral damage, 441Colvin, Marie, 234command, chain of

individual roles, 11, 76, 92, 94, 120. 122KLA, 101Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs, 9–11,

64Yugoslav Army, 7, 9–10, 66

Common Article 3, 490–495communications, paramilitary organiza-

tions, 86

Index 569

Communist Party, 21, 22–23, 25Conference for Security and Cooperation in

Europe. See Organization for Secu-rity and Cooperation in Europe(OSCE)

Constitution, Yugoslavarmy command, 66detention, 501minority rights, 501–502police behavior, 502

Contact Grouppunitive measures, 40, 41, 45Russia’s position within, 53and War Crimes investigation, 37, 475

Corriere Della Sera, 147Corsicans, 35Council for the Defense of Human Rights

and Freedoms, 125, 147, 225, 298,369

Counseling Center for Women and Girls,227

Counter Intelligence Service (known asKOS—Kontraobavestajna Sluzba),67

“Cousin.” See Djordjevic, Vlastimircowboy hats. See special operations forcecriminal activities, non-war, 64, 102, 120Crkolez (Cerkolez), 124Crnilo (Cernille), 264Croatia, 15Croats, 20, 261, 458, 463Cubrelj (Qubrel), 462Cukaj, Gezim, 321Curcic, Nikola, 76, 83, 96, 107Cuska (Qyshk)

background, 305–309ethnic cleansing, 5, 474killings, 289, 299–300, 309–320, 432perpetrators, 81, 89, 323–327, 328, 331

Cvetic, Ljubinko, 78, 81Cvetkovic, Zvonimir, 306, 326–327, 328, 329

Daci, Armend, 31Damjanac, Petar, 81, 207Damjane (Dehje), 146Dana, Emin, 216Dana, Fahri, 216

Dana, Zenel, 216Danas, 85, 249Danilo, Medenica, 296Daniszewski, John, 383, 387Dardane, 303Dardanija (Dardania), 137, 298, 464Dashevc. See Dosevac (Dashevc)database, statistical, Web address listed, 415data limitations, 417Davic, Nebojsa, 296Dayton Accords, 31, 35, 37, 60death toll, 6–7, 121–125

Djakovica (Gjakove) City, 213executions by municipality, 415extrajudicial executions, 419–436by March 1999, 110Shavarina killings, 195

Decani (Decane), 42, 43, 100, 117–118, 146,295

Deda. See Stojiljkovic, VlajkoDeda, Hysen, 217Dedaj, Anton, 237, 239Dedaj, Gjoke, 239Dedaj, Musa, 239Dedaj, Nikolle, 239Dedaj, Tom, 238–240Dehje. See Damjane (Dehje)Dejan, Bulatovic, 297Delia, Bekim, 321Delic, Bozidar, 67, 96, 106, 337, 478Delijaj, Adem, 49Delijaj, Antigona, 49Delijaj, Donietta, 48Delijaj, Fazli, 49Delijaj, Gentiona, 48Delijaj, Habib, 49Delijaj, Hajriz, 49Delijaj, Hava, 49Delijaj, Hysen, 49Delijaj, Mihane, 49Delijaj, Sherif, 49Delijaj family, 48–49Deliu, Ardian, 167Dell of Deme (Lugu i Demas), 273–274,

277Del Ponte, Carla, 50, 122–124, 258, 394,

480–481, 485–486

570 Index

Democratic League of Kosova (LidhjaDemokratike te Kosoves, or LDK),270

attacks against members, 15, 127, 129,463–464

establishment, 29membership, 213

Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), 16Democratic Party of Kosovo, 103demographics

changes following NATO entry, 456–457Cuska, 307–308Djakovica Municipality, 211Glogovac Town, 200Istok municipality, 243killings, 119Kosovo, overall, 20–21Lipljan municipality, 261Ljubenic , 333Milosovec’s plans to alter, 113non-ethnic Albanians, 21–22Orahovac Municipality, 281Pec municipality, 289Prizren municipality, 337Vucitrn municipality, 397Zrze , 365

demonstrations, 35, 36, 37Denmark, 91Dervishi, Skender, 316detentions, 140–143, 149–150

Cirez Mosque, 188–192Djakovica, 225Drenica, 195–199Glogovac Town, 155, 195–197, 203–206Gornja Sudimlja and Donja Sudimlja,

407–408Lipljan municipality, 278–279Smrekovnica, 399, 412–414torture, 48violations reported, 418, 419Yugoslav law, 501

“Determined Falcon” exercise, 45Deutsche Presse Agenteur, 269Deutsche Welle, 448Dikovic, Ljubisa, 96, 107Dina family, 356Dinaj, Ismet, 319

discriminatory laws, 28Dita, 462Djakovic, Milan, 69, 104Djakovica-Decan Road refugees, NATO

bombing of, 443, 444–446Djakovica (Gjakove)

abuses after June 12, 1999, 460, 463armed forces, 67, 69, 295bodies, hiding or disposing, 7civilians killed by NATO bombing, 444collaborators, killing of, 15data, limitations of, 417demographics, 211ethnic cleansing, 112, 137–138executions, rate of, 425, 426, 432grave tampering, 124human shields, 151KLA operation, 100KLA support, 5, 115Korenica, 236–241labor, compulsory, 150map, 210Meja, 227–236paramilitary role, 91regular police, 78targeted killing, 127Vejsa household killing, 119water well contamination, 146

Djakovica (Gjakove) City, 212–216Phase One—March 24 to April 2

, 216–222Phase Two—March 7 to March 13,

222–225troop withdrawal, 225–227

Djeneral Jankovic, 151Djindic, Zoran, 85Djinovic, Ranko, 459Djordjevic, Vlastimir, 96

Milosevic meeting, 94positions, 10, 76promotion and awards, 12, 96, 97, 104, 107

Djosan, Milos, 478Djukanovic, Milo, 66Djuricic, Milan, 80, 97, 106, 283, 337–338Dobras (Dobrash), 228, 229domestic trials

military court proceedings, 484–485

Index 571

domestic trials (cont.)terrorism convictions, 212, 215–216, 225,

283, 484War Crimes, 482–485

Donja Brnjica (Bernica e Poshteme), 461Donja Luka (Lluke e Eperme), 147Donja Sudimlja (Studime e Poshtme), 119,

399–412Donje Gadimlje (Gadime e Ulet), 264–265Donje Prekaz (Prekaz e Poshtem), 155Donji Streoc (Strellc i Poshtem), 146DOS. See Democratic Opposition of Serbia

(DOS)Dosevac (Dashevc), 458Dragana, Zecevic, 296Dragash. See GoraDragobilje (Dragobil), 46Dragodan, 136–137Dragutin, Vujosevic, 295Draskovic, Vuk, 11, 76Drenica, 48, 155–157

April 30 offensive, 120, 177–199Baks, 186–188Cirez Mosque, 188–192civilian property, destruction of, 143,

144–145expulsions, size of, 4, 135Glogovac, 195–197, 200–210Izbica, 157–164KLA operation, 36, 42, 100, 101, 102, 492massacres, 38–40, 59, 115, 160–162, 475Poklek, 167–171police crackdown, 99Rezala, 165–167Shavarina Mine, 192–195Staro Cikatovo, 171–177Stutica, 184–186Vrbovac , 178–184water well contamination, 146

Dresaj, Alil, 463Dreshaj, Haxhi, 322Drini, Commander. See Rexha, EkremDrobac, Rade, 34Dubnica (Dumnice), 408Dubova, Fatushe, 271Dubovik, 126Dubrava Prison, 244–246

abuses, 142–143

exhumations, 257–258JSO base, 85massacre, 5, 116, 243, 250–257NATO bombing, 246–250, 449–451perpetrators, 258–259, 444

Duhel, 382–383Dukagjin. See MetohijaDula, Kujtim, 216Dumnice. See DubnicaDuraku, Bajram, 362Durguti, Ismail, 484Duznje (Duxhnje), 236, 237

Efendia, Agim, 23elections

Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS),16

irregularities cited, 35killings following, 15, 463–464

Elshani, Abdullah, 380Elshani, Agim, 251Elshani, Nait, 356Elshani, Osman, 380ERRC. See European Roma Rights Centerethnic cleansing. See also expulsions, forced

expediting, 6, 119, 382history, 111motivations, 113–115, 135during NATO bombing, 19, 112–113Pec City, 290, 298–300, 308Pristina, 118Prizren City, 338

European Roma Rights Center (ERRC), 458European Union (EU)

damage assessment conducted for, 167diplomatic relations, 34Finnish forensic team, 476–477investment ban, 41, 43, 44–45Kosovo Diplomatic Observer Mission

(KDOM), 45–46, 477preferential trade status, 35

executions, extrajudicialattacks in Suva Reka municipality, 369,

371, 372–375, 385–387Baks, 187–188Cirez mosque prison, 190Cuska, 299–300, 309–320Djakovica, 216–225

572 Index

Dosevac, 458Dubrava Prison, 250–257, 444Glogovac Town, 196, 201–202Gornja Sudimlja and Donja Sudimlja,

408–412humanitarian laws, 489Izbica, 160–162Lipljan municipality, 266, 269, 275Ljubenic, 333–335Meja, 227–234minorities, 14–15motivations, 6by municipality, illustration, 416paramilitaries, 61, 63Pec City, 298, 301–304perpetrators, 323–333Prizren-Djakovica Road, 347–358,

360–365Prizren municipality, 342–343Pusto Selo, 281, 283–287rate compared to expulsions, 430–431reasons, 119–120Rezala, 165–167Shavarina Mine, 178, 192–194Slovinje municipality, 270–280statistical analysis, 7–8, 418, 419–436Suva Reka municipality, 369, 371,

385–386, 393–394volunteer Yugoslav Army, 72Vrbovac, 181–183

exhumationsBela Crkva, stream near, 353Dubrava Prison, 257–258Finnish forensic team, 476reburial of Slovinje victims, 276–276Shavarina killings, 195Suva Reka, 371total by International Criminal Tribunal

for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), 7,122–124, 480

expulsions, forced, 134–140Cirez mosque prisoners, 197–198Cuska, 315–316Glogovac Town, 206–209Gornja Sudimlja and Donja Sudimlja,

407–408Korenica, 236legal prohibition, 489, 500–501

Lipljan municipality, 262–264, 267–268,277–278

Meja, 228–229Muslim Slav, 458–459Pec municipality, 320–321rapes during, 131, 132, 133rate compared to executions, 430–431since NATO entry, 456size, 4–5, 110–111Suva Reka municipality, 371, 374, 381,

393violations reported, graph, 418Zrze, 366–368

extortion, 147–149Djakovica, 226, 237Drenica, 159–160expulsions, forced, 137Glogovac, 205Lipljan, 266–267, 268, 269Pec City, 298, 302, 304prisoners, releases promised, 472Prizren municipality, 341sexual assault and, 8, 132Staro Cikatovo, 173Suva Reka municipality, 374, 378, 379,

380, 384–385Vulcitrn municipality, 402, 403–404

extrajudicial executions. See executions,extrajudicial

factoriesFeronikel plant, 120, 167, 171, 172, 178,

200, 205–206, 207Gorenje Elektromotor, 141Trepca, 316

Fadil, 375–376Falcons (Sokolovi), 70, 71FARK (Forcat Armatosur e Republikes se

Kosoves—Armed Forces of theRepublic of Kosova), 492

Federal Customs Agency, 64Federation of American Scientists, 71, 78Ferizaj. See UrosevacFeronikel plant

NATO bombing, 120, 200, 205–206, 207Serbian forces based in, 167, 171, 172, 178

52 Corps. See Pristina CorpsFilipovic, Miroslav, 98

Index 573

Finnish forensic team, 476–477First Army, 67Fisher, Ian, 234Foreign Operations Assistance Act, 481France, 34, 37, 58–59, 114, 466“Frenki’s Boys.” See JSO (Jedinica za Speci-

jalne Operacije)Frontline, 72–73, 94Fungerhut, Branislav M., 105Fushe Kosove. See Kosovo Polje

Gadime e Eperme. See Gornje GadimljeGadime e Ulet. See Donje GadimljeGadimlje (Gadime), 277Gajic, David, 11, 83Gall, Carlotta, 253, 257gang rape, 133Gash, Syl, 308, 309Gashi, Ahmet, 319Gashi, Ajet, 312–313Gashi, Ajmane, 396Gashi, Ajshe, 322Gashi, Avjaz, 272Gashi, Barie, 396Gashi, Besarta, 396Gashi, Brahim, 319Gashi, Deme, 314–315, 317, 324–326Gashi, Emin, 319Gashi, Enver, 271Gashi, Fatos, 320Gashi, Haki, 312–313, 319, 369, 371, 396Gashi, Halil, 319Gashi, Hamzi, 396Gashi, Hysen, 220Gashi, Ibish, 319Gashi, Jashar, 319Gashi, Milaim, 272Gashi, Murat, 271Gashi, Muse, 319Gashi, Niman, 322Gashi, Omer, 272Gashi, Rame, 319Gashi, Rifat, 272Gashi, Sadik, 317Gashi, Sadri, 166, 320Gashi, Sahit, 313–314Gashi, Selim, 319Gashi, Shaban, 396

Gashi, Shemsi, 395, 396Gashi, Skender, 319Gashi, Syle, 312–313, 315, 317, 319Gashi, Valdet, 320Gashi, Votim, 396Gashi, Xhafer, 319Gashi, Zymer, 322Gavranic, Dusan, 81, 97, 106Gazimestan, 24–25Gecaj, Halit, 36–37Gelanc. See GeljanceGelbard, Robert, 37–38Geljance (Gelanc), 371Geneva Conventions

human shields, 150, 448–449internal armed conflict, 489–490KLA statement, 52legal standards, 39, 440–441, 487,

489–490, 495–501noncombatants, protection of, 490–501

Gerbeshi, Halime, 276Gergoci, Iber, 251Gerguli, Agim, 403Gerguli, Enver, 403German marks, insistence upon, 9Germany, 37, 59Gerxhaliu, Sali, 410–411Gerxhaliu, Selatin, 410Gerxhaliu, Shaban, 410Gerxhaliu, Xhemail, 410Gerxhaliu family

killing, 119, 410–411police investigation, 95

Gjakove. See Djakovica; Prizren-DjakovicaRoad

Gjilan. See GnjilaneGjukiqi, Fehmi, 321Gjukiqi, Hysen, 321Glavica, 265Glodjane (Gllogjan), 13, 42, 101, 476Glogovac (Gllogofc), 200–210

civilians, killing of, 115, 201–203data, limitations of, 417described, 155detentions, 141–142, 157, 195–197,

203–206executions, rate of, 425, 428, 432expulsion, forced, 4, 135, 137, 206–209

574 Index

extortion, 148KLA operation, 100labor, compulsory, 150, 198–199looting and burning, 143regular police, 81

Glogovac (Lipljan), 277Glogovce (Gllogoc), 266–267Gnjilane (Gjilan)

abuses after June 12, 1999, 455–456, 457,459–460, 461

armed forces, 67, 69ethnic cleansing, 118regular police, 78, 81robberies, 149secret police, 83

Goden, 211Gojbulja (Gojbuja), 461Golubovac (Golubofc), 476Gora (Dragash), 80, 115, 456Gorani, 456, 459Gorazdevac (Gorazhdec), 310Gorenje Elektromotor factory, 141Gornja Sudimlja (Studime e Eperme)

detentions and expulsions, 407–408killings, other, 408–412, 423May 2 convoy attack, 399–406

Gornje Gadimlje (Gadime e Eperme), 263Gornje Obrinje (Abri i Eperme)

detentions, 205expulsions, forced, 209killings, 49, 157War Crimes tribunal investigation,476–477

Grabovac (Graboc), 117Gracanica, 14, 457, 462, 466Gracko, 465“Grandpa.” See Stojiljkovic, Vlajkograve breaches, 439grave tampering, 7, 121–125

Djakovica, 214Geneva Convention, 496Izbica, 164Prizren-Djakovica Road, 359Pusto Selo, 285–287Rezala, 164, 167

Greece, 34, 114green camouflage uniforms. See Yugoslav

Armygrenade attacks, 455–456, 461, 462

Group 484, 471Guardian newspaper, 72Guska, 237“Guta,” 235

Hade. See AdeHajri, 303Hajrizi, Agim, 127Hajrizi, Sokol, 203Halauska, Metodije, 461Hallac i Vogel. See Mali AlasHALO Trust, 153Hamudi Mosque, 216Hani i Elezit. See Djeneral Jankovic.Haradinaj, Ramush, 100, 102, 103Hasani, Iber, 229Hatashi, Deme, 321Haxhiavdija, Doruntina, 220Haxhiavdija, Egzon, 220Haxhiavdija, Rina, 220Haxhiavdija, Valbona, 220Haxhiu, Baton, 463Haziri, Arben, 272Haziri, Bekim, 272Helsinki Watch, 26Hetemi, Zeqir “Gazmend,” 274, 275Hill, Chris, 57Hima, Dr. Izet, 127, 216history

Albaniansattacks after June 12, 1999, 462–464history of in Yugoslavia, 20non-violence and rise of parallel state,

28–31rise of Serbian nationalism, 26

Kosovo1990s, 27–381998 armed conflict, 38–59Socialist Federal Republic of

Yugoslavia, as part of, 20–27Serbs, 20

attacks on, 456–457displacement, 21–22nationalism, rise of, 22–27settlements, 28

Hoca e Vogel. See Mala HocaHoce e Madhe. See Velika HocaHoda, Hekuran, 222

Index 575

Holbrooke, Richard, 42, 55, 59Homeland Calling Fund, 102hostile acts, defined, 497Hotel Boss, 371Hotel Karagac, 227, 305Hoti, Asaf, 362Hoti, Bajram, 360–361Hoti, Fahri, 362Hoti, Plahe, 362Hoti, Ukshin, 245Hoxha, Flaka, 220Hoxha, Sejoullah, 226Hoxha, Shaindere, 220Hristov, Sladjan D., 105humanitarian aid agencies, restrictions on, 47humanitarian law

individual accountability, 11–12, 92–93NATO violation of, 12–13, 439–440, 489

Humanitarian Law Centerabductions documented by, 51Kelmendi murder, 126–127, 128Serbian terrorism trials, protest against,

225trials, monitoring, 225, 283, 471–473, 484Yugoslav military activities, 290, 331–332

human shields, 150–151, 439, 444, 448–449Husaj, Naser, 253, 257Hyseni, Agim, 321Hyseni, Bajrush, 321Hyseni, Gafur, 273Hyseni, Ismet, 321Hyseni, Naim, 321Hyseni, Sabit, 321Hyseni, Shkelzen, 464Hyseni, Shpend, 321

Ibrahim, 301–304Ibrahimi, Sahit, 251ICG. See International Crisis GroupICRC. See International Committee of the

Red CrossICTY. See International Criminal Tribunal

for the Former Yugoslaviaidentity cleansing, 6, 63, 113, 135, 138–139,

284Orahovac, 284Pec municipality, 306, 311, 322

Prizren-Djakovica Road, 349, 366Ilic, Radisa V., 105Ilija, Dasic, 297Independent, 406indiscriminate attacks, defined, 499–500insignia

SAJ antiterrorist unit, 78Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs, 75use of, 61, 435Yugoslav Army illustration, 66

internal armed conflict, legal standards for,39, 440, 489–490, 493–494

International Campaign to Ban Landmines,153, 154

International Committee of the Red Cross(ICRC)

abductions of Serbs and Roma, 459KLA abuses, 13missing persons, 7prisoners in Serbia, 470water well contamination, 145

international community, response of, 15–16after Drenica massacre, 40–46after Racak massacre, 57, 58, 103, 112attacks after June 12, 1999, 464–469Kosovar Albanian prisoners in Serbia

since war’s end, 469–473possibility of avoiding violence, 19, 37,

59–60International Covenant on Civil and Politi-

cal Rights (ICCPR), 487International Criminal Tribunal for the For-

mer Yugoslavia (ICTY), 12–13burial site, investigation of purported, 164Cuska investigation, 317exhumations, 7, 122–124, 257–258, 371indictments, 75, 139–140, 216, 345, 351,

358jurisdiction, 39, 490KLA investigation, 50Racak investigation, 58United Nations Security Council Resolu-

tion 1160, 54U.S. State Department notice, 74

International Crisis Group (ICG), 472, 473International Helsinki Federation for

Human Rights, 26

576 Index

International Management Group, 167International Monetary Fund (IMF), 34International Organization for Migration

(IOM), 102interrogation

Glogovac, 141–142, 195–197Smrekovnica prison, 412–413Suva Reka municipality, 385Vrbovac, 183–184

investment ban, 41, 44–45IOM. See International Organization for

Migration (IOM)Irish Times, 335Islamic archive, 301Israel, 91Istok (Istog), 295

attacks following NATO entry, 456, 461demographics, 243Dubrava Prison, 244–259expulsion, forced, 5, 116, 456–457history, 243water well contamination, 146

Italy, 34, 37, 114, 240, 466Ivosevic, Simo R., 105Izbica (Izbice), 157–164

executions, rate of, 432grave tampering, 7, 124

Jablanovic, Zoran M., 105Jahoc, 228Jakupi family, 215Jane’s Defense Weekly, 74Janicijevic, Bogoljub, 81Janjevo, 458Jankovic, Dragoljub, 259Jaredic, Branko, 81Jashari, Adem, 38Jasovic, Zoran, 316JAT. See Yugoslav airlines (JAT)Jelic, Krsman, 67, 478Jelovac, 50Jertz, Walter, 247, 447Jokic, Milos, 483Jokic, Slobodan, 296Jovan, Father, 300Jovanovic, Cedomir, 483Jovic, Tomica, 484

JSO (Jedinice za Specijalne Operacije—Special Operations Unit), 11, 65,83–85, 308

judicial system, 15, 141, 467–468, 470–472Jugopetrol, 296JUL. See Yugoslav United Left Party (JUL)

Kabashi, Nait, 357Kabashi, Pal, 240Kabashi, Sali, 308Kacanik, 81

expulsion, forced, 136KLA clashes, 100, 118–119

Kalicanaj, Nedzmedin, 249Kamberi, Brahim, 240Kamenice. See Kosovska KamenicaKandic, Natasa, 98, 126, 128, 290, 331–332Kapeshnice, 298Karadzic, Radovan, 32Kastratovic, Slavisa, 306, 325, 327–328KDOM. See Kosovo Diplomatic Observer

MissionKelmendi, Ali, 247Kelmendi, Bajram, 125–127, 128Kelmendi, Besim, 319Kelmendi, Brahim, 319Kelmendi, Deme, 319Kelmendi, Erdogan, 319Kelmendi, Iber, 319Kelmendi, Ibro (Iber), 313Kelmendi, Kastriot, 125–127Kelmendi, Kushtrim, 125–127Kelmendi, Mentor, 319Kelmendi, Nekibe, 126Kelmendi, Shaban, 322Kelmendi, Skender, 319Kelmendi family, 310, 311Keqiraj, Zef, 252Kertes, Mihalj, 64Khelmendi, Pajazit, 166killings. See executions, extrajudicialkillings, targeted, 11, 120, 125–129

Djakovica City, 212ethnic cleansing, encouraging, 138Munja, 82paramilitary role, 87, 89

KLA. See Kosovo Liberation Army

Index 577

Klecka, 14, 51, 476, 484Klina (Kline), 15, 52, 117–118, 295

abuses after June 12, 1999, 463KLA operation, 100

Klobukar, 461Klokot (Kllokot), 149, 462Kluna, Qazim, 203Kobre. See CobrasKodra e Trimave. See VranjevacKoenig, Karl, 258Koha Ditore, 57, 101–102, 126, 463, 492Kolasinac, Andjelko, 283, 483Konjikovac, Stojan O., 105Korenica (Korenice), 211, 236–241, 430Korisa, 443–444Korisa woods, displaced citizens in, 151,

447–449Kosare (Koshare), 108KOS (Kontraobavestajna Sluzba). See

Counter Intelligence ServiceKosovapress, 339Kosovar Ministry of Defense, 30Kosova Sot, 253–254Kosovo Diplomatic Observer Mission

(KDOM), 45–46, 48–49, 79–80, 477KLA ties, 100

Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)abuses by, 3, 13–15, 281, 454–455, 456burning of minority homes after NATO’s

arrival, 14, 454, 461deaths in Suva Reka municipality, 371Drenica massacres, 38Dubrava prison, 246fighting, 65, 111–112, 155, 157, 165,

212–213, 222–223, 2i34–235, 243,289, 337

growth of, 36–38, 42interrogation about, 190–191, 204, 279investigation by war crimes tribunal,

485–486Izbica, 158, 432landmines, 151, 154legal standards, 491–495Lipljan, 261police shootings, 31–32, 82political infighting, 463security forces, 468

Serbian forces blame for Agani death,129

structure and strategy, 17, 98–103US statements, 40villages supporting, 6, 8, 115, 119–120,

129, 143, 167, 171Cuska, 307, 308, 434Ljubenic, 333Orahovac Municipality, 281Prizren-Djakovica Road, 345–346,

353Slovinje municipality, 270Suva Reka, 369Vucitrn municipality, 397, 400

Vrbovac battle, 179–180War Crimes investigators, negotiations

with, 477Kosovo Police Service (KPS), 467Kosovo Polje (Fushe Kosove), 14, 23, 117,

129, 208–209attacks following NATO entry, 456data, limitations of, 417expulsion, forced, 137, 457, 458regular police, 81

Kosovo Protection Corps (Trupat e Mbrojtjesse Kosoves (TMK)), 103

Kosovo War and Ethnic Crimes Court(KWECC), 483

Kosovska Kamenica (Kamenice)abuses after June 12, 1999, 460ethnic cleansing, 118regular police, 81

Kosovska Mitrovica (Mitrovice)abuses after June 12, 1999, 457, 460–461armed forces, 67, 69expulsions, forced, 134KLA operation, 100, 117regular police, 78, 81Trepca mine complex, 25, 26, 121–122

Kostunica, Vojislav, 98, 472, 473, 481Kosuric (Kosuriq), 147Kotlina (Kotline)

extrajudicial executions, 119grave tampering, 7, 124–125water well contamination, 146

Kouchner, Bernard, 121, 458, 465KPS. See Kosovo Police Service (KPS)

578 Index

Kqiqi i Madhe. See Veliki KicicKqira, Zef, 253Krajiste (Krajishte), 267Krajkovo (Krajkove), 150, 198, 199Kransiqi, Refie, 396Krasniqi, Arsim, 253Krasniqi, Avdi, 128Krasniqi, Behjare, 396Krasniqi, Besalet, 362Krasniqi, Emrush, 319Krasniqi, Faik, 273Krasniqi, Hedije, 271Krasniqi, Jakup, 51–52, 101–102, 492, 493Krasniqi, Jonus, 253Krasniqi, Muhamet, 396Krasniqi, Rahim, 203Krasniqi, Ramadan, 396Krasniqi, Sadri, 128Krasniqi, Syl, 128Kristal, 308Krusevac (Krusec), 67, 334Krushe e Madhe. See Velika KrusaKrushe e Vogel. See Mala KrusaKryeziu, Ahmet, 380Kryeziu, Latife, 273, 276Kryeziu, Ramadan, 273Kukes, 123, 228Kula, 85Kurilovo (Kurillove), 400Kurmehaj, Naim, 247Kurti, Albin, 470Kuzmanovic, Boban S., 105KWECC. See Kosovo War and Ethnic Crimes

Court (KWECC)

labor, compulsory, 149–150Drenica, 198–199Prizren City, 338–339violations reported, graph, 418

Lahelma, Timothy, 477Lajci, Adem, 299Lajci, Florim, 299Lajci, Gani, 299Lajci, Halil, 299Lajci, Mustafa, 298Lajci, Myftar, 299Lake Radonjic, 13, 42

Lakicevic, Tomislav, 296Landay, Jonathan, 234landmines, 44, 151–154, 334, 461, 462Lanishte (Llanishte), 390laser-guided precision guided missiles,

447–448Lausa (Llaushe), 37Law on the Restriction of Property Transac-

tions, 26lawyer, targeted killing of, 125–127Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 307,

309–310Lazarevic, Ljubodrag, 235Lazarevic, Vladimir

awards and promotions, 12, 55, 104, 106roles, 10, 67, 69, 91, 96war crimes notice, 478

Lazovic, Boban, 235LDK. See Democratic League of Kosova

(Lidhja Demokratike te Kosoves)League of Albanian Women, 472legal standards

Common Article 3, 490–495internal armed conflict, 39, 489–490introduction, 487, 489Procotol II, 495–501water well contamination, 145

“Legija.” See Lukovic, Milorad Lekiqi, Heset, 275Lepina, 462Leposavic (Leposaviq), 81, 117, 457Lesane (Leshane), 371Leshi family, 217Leskovac Corps, 67, 74Levizja Kombetare per Clirimin e Kosoves

(National Movement for the Libera-tion of Kosovo), 98

Levizja Popullore per Republiken e Kosoves(People’s Movement for the Repub-lic of Kosovo), 98

Lidhja Demokratike te Kosoves (LDK). SeeDemocratic League of Kosova

Lightning. See MunjaLikosane (Likoshane), 38, 155Likovac (Likofc), 166Limaj, Fatmir, 99, 102, 492–493Limani, Mehmed, 396

Index 579

Lipljan (Lipjan)armed forces, 61map, 260

Lipljan (Lipjan) municipality, 261–279ethnic cleansing, 5, 455–456mass expulsion, 116, 458

Lipljan prison, 142, 254–255, 472Ljubenic (Lubeniq), 289

ethnic cleansing, 5Pec municipality, 333–335

Ljubizda, 466Llanishte. See LanishteLlap region, 59Llaushe. See LausaLlugagji. See LugadzijaLluke e Eperme. See Donja Luka Lodja (Loxha), 289London Times, 334looting

Djakovica, 225–226Glogovac, 202–203by KLA, 14Lipljan, 266–267paramilitary role, 11, 87, 90Pec City, 291, 300–301Pristina, 118Prizren-Djakovica Road, 346, 359Prizren municipality, 340Staro Cikatovo, 171Suva Reka municipality, 380violations reported, graph, 418

Los Angeles Times, 248, 383, 387Loshi, Liri, 164low-flying operations, 443Loxha. See LodjaLubeniq. See LjubenicLugadzija (Llugagji), 262, 263Lugu i Demas. See Dell of DemeLukic, Branislav, 70Lukic, Dragan L., 105Lukic, Mikailo, 78Lukic, Milan, 78Lukic, Sredoje, 78Lukic, Sreten

police investigation announced, 485promotions and awards, 12, 96, 97, 103,

104, 107roles, 10, 76, 78–80, 94

Lukovic, Milorad “Legija,” 11, 83–84, 85Lulaj, Muqe, 322Lushi, Arian, 319Lushi, Avdulla, 319Lushi, Brahim, 308–309Lushi, Osman, 319Lushi, Qaush, 317–318, 319Lushi, Ramiz, 319Lushi, Sefedin, 319Lushi, Skender, 319Lushi, Uke, 319Lushi, Xhafer, 319Lushi family, 310, 311Lushtaku, Sami, 101Lutka. See Trajkovic, Nebojsa “Lutka”Luzane, 443

MACC. See United Nations Mine ActionCoordination Center

Macedonia, 35destabilization, 6, 60, 113–114forced expulsion since NATO entry, 456former KLA officers, 103identity cleansing, 138–139

Macedonians, 20Madanaj, 228Mala, Gjergj, 240Mala Hoca (Hoca e Vogel), 353Mala Krusa (Krushe e Vogel), 124, 337,

358–360, 364–365Mali Alas (Hallac i Vogel), 137, 261, 266,

267–268, 269–270Malisevo (Maliseve)

civilian property, destruction of, 143KLA operation, 100

Malo Ribar (Ribar i Vogel), 137, 261,266–269

Malota, Mark, 127, 216Mamusa (Mamushe), 337Mandic, Milos, 74, 215, 478Marali. See MoralijaMarevce, 265Marina, 166Marini, Giuseppe, 445Marjanovic, Svetozar M., 66Markovic, Mira, 83Markovic, Radomir, 11, 55, 56, 65, 76, 83, 94,

97, 107

580 Index

Markovic, Ratko, 42Matoshi, Halil, 470May 2 convoy attack, 399–406Mazreku, Bekim, 484Mazreku, Luan, 484Medi, 375–376media

attack on convoy on Djakovica-DecanRoad, 406, 445

expulsions, coverage of, 114Gornje Obrinje massacre, attention paid

to, 54–55jailed journalist, 98KLA, observations of, 491KLA capture, 56Pec army, 296restrictions, 47–48Yugoslav state, 23

Mehmeti, Mehmet, 233Mehmeti, Rame, 233Meja, 227–236

extrajudicial executions, 211perpetrators, 235–236policemen killed in, 120, 234–235

Meljenica (Melenice), 397, 399Memorandum, 22–27mentally handicapped, killing of, 240, 386Merturi, Kolë, 239Metaj, Zeke Hasan, 251Metohija (Dukagjin), 296, 492Micunovic, Alexander, 237Miftari, Sefkija, 484Miftari, Sezair, 484Mijatovic, Nikola M., 105Mijatovic, Veroljub M., 105“Miki,” 259Mikic, Jovica, 80Miladinovic, Radenko, 484Milak, Jovica L., 105Milan, Ivicic, 297Miletic, Miloje R., 105Milicevic, Vlada, 81Military Technical Agreement, 254militia, 81–82Milivoje, Djurkovic, 296–297Milivoje, Zdravkovic, 296Milosevic, Slobodan

armed forces, organization of, 56, 64–65

arrest, 482indictment, 12, 139–140, 351, 358, 479,

480international view of, 32, 34, 111motivation, 4, 16photograph, 62political prisoners, 473political rise, 22–25, 26, 30, 44post-war promotions and awards, 56,

103–104Rambouillet conference, 59response to international pressure, 40, 41,

42–43, 45, 55, 60Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs, 11,

75, 94wife, 83Yugoslav Army command, 10, 66, 92

Milutinovic, Milanawards, 107indictment, 12, 139–140, 479, 480photograph, 93roles, 94, 103

minesBelacevac, 13Shavarina, 178, 192–195strikes, 25, 26Trepca, 25, 26, 121–122

Minic, Nebojsa, 82, 302–304, 331Ministarstvo Unutrasnjih Poslova, or MUP.

See Serbian Ministry of InternalAffairs

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 256minorities

attacks after June 12, 1999, 14, 454–462ethnic separatist movements, Western

fear of, 35treatment by ethnic Albanians, 21–22Yugoslav law, 20, 501–502

Mircic, Vukmir, 80Misic, Stojan, 76, 96, 107missing persons, 121–125

Albanians, 48International Committee of the Red

Cross estimate, 7minorities, 14–15

Mitrovica, 14, 31, 134, 413–414, 461Mitrovice. See Kosovska MitrovicaMladenovic, Tomislav, 69

Index 581

Mladic, Ratko, 32Montenegro, 27, 60, 64Montgomery, Michael, 70–71, 325–326, 327Moralija (Marali), 386Morina, 429Morina, Avdil, 175Morina, Hysen, 203Morina family, 173–176mosques

Cirez Mosque, 150, 177, 188–192destruction of, 8, 144, 145, 300Hamudi, 216

Motel Vicianum, 407Mother Theresa Society, 216Mrtvi “Death.” See Minic, NebojsaMuhadzer Babus (Babush i Muhaxhere),

263, 265Muharremi, Elez, 343Muharremi, Enez, 343Muharremi, Fatmir, 343Mulla Jusuf, 222–223Munja “Lightning,” 81, 82, 291, 301–304,

328–329MUP. See Serbian Ministry of Internal

AffairsMuqolli, Sinan, 168–171Muqolli family, 145–146Musa, 303Muslim Slav, 458–459, 460–461Mustafa, Rrustem “Remi,” 100–101Mustafa, Xhemail, 464Musutiste (Mushtishte), 371mutilation, 49Myftari family, 356

Naman, 403Nastasijevic, Perica B., 105National Liberation Army (Ushtria Clir-

imtare Kombetare), 103National Movement for the Liberation of

Kosovo. See Levizja Kombetare perClirimin e Kosoves

National Public Radio (NPR), 121–122NATO

1999 humanitarian intervention, 17ACTWARN, 54exaggerated claims by, 121, 130, 388,

444–446

Izbica mass burial site, photo of, 163, 164Kosovo Force (KFOR), 453, 454, 460,

466–467Pusto Selo burial site photos, 285–286range of options sought, 45rape camps alleged, 305response to abuses after June 12, 1999,

464–469Yugoslav Army assessment, 74

NATO air campaign, 437attack on convoy, 211–212, 346, 444–446beginning, 109case studies, 442–451cluster bombs, use of, 151–152, 154, 446,

451Cuska, 308Djakovica city, 216Dubrava Prison, 5, 143, 243, 244,

246–250, 255–256, 449–451ethnic cleansing covered by, 19, 112–113,

136–137, 211, 263, 264, 298–300executions over time, 424–425Feronikel plant, 178, 205–206, 207human shields, 150–151international humanitarian law and

accountability, 12–13, 439–440investigation by War Crimes tribunal, 12,

485–486Korisa woods, displaced citizens in,

447–449leaflets, 73, 74period defined, 3revenge for, 120standards, applied, 440–442start, 59Suva Reka municipality, 369war crimes law affected by, 487, 489

Nebihi, Rukia, 39Nebojsa, Tomovic, 295Nec, 240New Block. See Blloku i RiNew York Times, 214, 234, 253, 257, 305, 355Nezirim, Shaban, 321Nezirim, Zenel, 321Niciforovic, Ivan S., 105Nikolic, Negoslav, 69, 106Nikolic, Uros V., 105Nikqi, Brahim, 322

582 Index

Nikqi, Hatixhe, 322Nikqi, Xhejrone, 322Nin, 300Nis, 141, 245, 451, 469, 484Nis Corps, 67, 69Nisevic, Misko, 83, 371Nishor (Nisor), 386Nis prison, 255Nita, 303Nivokaz, 228, 230noncombatants, protection of

Common Article 3, 440–441, 490–495Drenica massacres, 38–39firing on, 44Protocol II, 495–501

non-guided gravity bombs, 447–448Novakovic, Milutin, 235Novi Poklek (Poklek i Ri), 155Novi Sad, 78, 81Novo Brdo, 81, 118Novo Rujce, 268Nuci, Mandushe, 220Nuci, Shirine, 220

oath, 89Obilic (Obiliq), 13, 81, 117, 455–456, 458Obradovic, Nebojsa, 222Obradovic, Olga, 296O’Brien, James, 469Observer, 365Odalovic, Veljko, 80Ojdanic, Dragoljub

indictment, 139–140, 479, 480promotions and awards, 12, 55, 62, 65, 96,

104, 107roles, 10, 56, 66

Operation Allied Force. See NATO air cam-paign

Operation Horseshoe, 59OPG (Operative Group), 330Opterusa (Opterushe), 353Orahovac (Rrahovec) municipality, 281–287

abuses after June 12, 1999, 455–456, 466armed forces, 61civilian property, destruction of, 143, 144conviction for war crimes, 483data, limitations of, 417executions, rate of, 425, 427, 432

exhumations, 476KLA attack, 13, 46, 51KLA support, 5, 103, 115labor, compulsory, 150paramilitaries, 90regular police, 80

ordnance, unexploded, 151–152, 154Organization for Security and Cooperation

in Europe (OSCE), 29, 66, 129, 172,177, 269

attacks on Prizren-Djakovica Road, 359homes rented by, 369, 372, 374Ljubenic inspection, 335Pec quarters looted, 298response to abuses after June 12, 1999,

460, 465Orize, 228Orthodox churches

Djakovica, 467KLA burning, 14, 454, 455Pec municipality, 289, 300Slovinje municipality, 270

OSCE. See Organization for Security andCooperation in Europe

Osmajaj, Mete, 247Osman, 376–377Ovcarevo, 146–147

Pacaj (Pecaj), 228Pacolli, Jonuz, 274Pagarusa, 382Palokaj, Kole, 237, 239Palokaj, Mire, 240Palokaj, Muse, 240Panda Cafe, 56–57, 289Panorama, 286–287, 363Pantina (Pantine), 57paramilitary organizations, 11, 86–91

Baks extrajudicial executions, 187–188Cirez mosque prison, 190, 191convoy between Gornja Sudimlja and

Donja Sudimlja, 399–406Cuska killings, 309–310destruction of civilian property, 143, 172Djakovica City, 212Drenica, 159Dubrava prison, 251–252executions, extrajudicial, 173–174

Index 583

paramilitary organizations (cont.)executions attributed to, 435expulsions, forced, 137extortion, 147–149Glogovac Town, 201, 202interrelationship with other forces, 63interrogation by, 204landmines, 154Lipljan municipality, 265–266, 269–270,

273–274, 280looting, 202–203Orahovac municipality, 283–284Pec municipality, 291, 320–321Prizren-Djakovica Road, 346Prizren municipality, 342, 343responsibility for most violent abuses, 61,

63, 120secret police and, 85security forces from Italy and France, 466sexual assaults by, 130, 133, 225–226Suva Reka municipality, 371, 384targeted killings, 120

Paravinja, Radivoje Dj., 105Pastasel. See Pusto SeloPastrik, 100Pavkovic, Nebojsa

paramilitaries, statement about, 86promotions and awards, 12, 55, 62, 69, 94,

96, 104, 107, 111roles, 10, 56, 65, 67, 91–92volunteers, statement about, 72

Pavljan (Pavlan), 289, 299–300, 331Pec (Peja) City

armed forces, 61, 67, 69, 81attacks following NATO entry, 456ethnic cleansing, 5, 112, 298–300expulsion, forced, 116, 134, 456, 458–459killing, final two households, 301–304KLA operation, 100looting and burning, 8, 90, 143, 145,

300–301Panda Cafe attack, 56–57paramilitary activities, 89rape, 227, 305refugee camp attack, 31regular police, 78, 82, 95

Pec (Peja) municipality, 289–297

Cuska (Qyshk), 305–333executions, rate of, 433, 434Ljubenic (Lubeniq), 333–335map, 288rape camp alleged, 227

Pec Secretariat for Internal Affairs, 291Peja. See Pec (Peja)Pejic, Milivoje, 280Pejic, Sasa T., 105Pejuskovic, Marija, 128Pejuskovic, Miomir, 128Pekovic, Zeljko, 67, 478Pendic, Milinko M., 105Penitentiary Institute Istok. See Dubrava

prisonPeople’s Movement for the Republic of

Kosovo. See Levizja Popullore perRepubliken e Kosoves

Perisic, Momcilo, 56, 65perpetrators

Cuska, 322–333Dubrava Prison, 258–259Meja, 235–236Slovinje municipality, 280

Petkovic, Boban, 484Petronijevic, Goran, 216Petrovic, Dragan, 105, 407, 411Petrovic, Dragisa, 484Petrovic, Miki, 373Petrovic, Milan, 72Petrovic, Pera V., 105Petrovic, Zoran, 373–374Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), 434Pirana (Pirane), 337, 387Pitolic, Novak, 217, 218, 220PJP. See special policePlemetina (Plementine), 457Plocica, 18, 47Podujevo (Podujeve), 57, 59

data, limitations of, 417KLA operation, 100, 117military buildup, 4regular police, 81

Poklek, 167–171expulsion, forced, 208grave tampering, 7, 124water well contamination, 145–146

584 Index

Policajac magazine, 64, 80–81police

abuse by, 34bodies removed by, 121–122civilian, 467convoy between Gornja Sudimlja and

Donja Sudimlja, 399–406destruction of civilian property, 143, 172detention and abuse in Glogovac,

203–204Djakovica City, 212, 213, 217, 222Drenica massacres, 38–40, 155executions attributed to, 435extortion, 147–148extrajudicial executions, 173–174,

201–202fair treatment of civilians, 63, 87firing on protesters, 26first attack, 43forced expulsions, 118–119, 135, 207–208Geneva Convention protection, 496Glogovac Town, 200–201human shields, 150–151internal investigation of, 485interrelationship with paramilitaries, 63KLA campaign against, 17, 155, 157, 165,

212–213, 234–235Korenica, 236–241Kosovar Ministry of Defense, 30Lipljan municipality, 265–266, 271–273,

280Meja killings, 235–236missing persons last seen with, 48Pec ethnic cleansing, 290, 291post-war awards, 107post-war promotions, 103–107Prizren-Djakovica Road, 346, 356, 361,

366Prizren municipality, 340, 343removal of Kelmendi family, 128revenge motive, 31–32, 120, 157, 234–235,

339Rezala, 165–166searches in Lipljan municipality, 261Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs

(MUP), 75–76sexual assaults by, 130

special (See special police)structure, 78Stutica, 184Suva Reka municipality, 369, 371,

372–375, 384–386, 390–393Vrbovae, 179War Crimes investigators, negotiations

with, 477withdrawal, 453, 466Yugoslav law, 502Zahac, 320

police academy, 467political maneuvering

Albania and Macedonia, destabilizing, 6,35

Albanian moderates, killing of, 463Amnesty Law, 473killings following elections, 15, 463–464KLA following NATO entry, 454KLA officers, 103Serbian state security role, 65targeted killings, 120, 125–127

Politika, 106Polloshka, Faton, 213, 214, 216, 220, 224,

225Ponasevac (Ponashec), 228Popaj, Nesim, 348–349Popovic, Jovo, 295Popovic, Miladin, 296Popovic, Nenad M., 105Popovic, Nikola R., 105Popovic, Srecko, 306, 325, 326, 327Popovic, Vojislav, 295Posebne Jedinice Policije (PJP). See special

policePoturk, 150, 198Pozarevac, 81, 469Pozarevac prison, 472Prasevic, Milutin, 234, 235, 237Prekaz, 38, 155Prelazi, Lush, 253Prilep (Prejlep), 334prisoner of war status, KLA members, 495prisons

abuse, 48arbitrary arrests, 140–141Cirez Mosque,150, 177, 188–192

Index 585

prisons (cont.)Dubrava, 5, 143, 243, 244, 246–250,

449–451Kosovar Albanian prisoners in Serbia

since war’s end, 469–473paramilitaries recruited in, 89since war’s end, 469–473Smrekovnica, 399, 412–414

PristinaAlbanian-language university, 21attacks following NATO entry, 456–457civilians killed by NATO bombing, 444ethnic cleansing, 112, 118expulsion, forced, 110, 136–137, 456human shields, 151Kelmendi family killing, 127KLA operation, 101politician, killing of, 464refugee camp attack, 31regular police, 78, 81robberies, 149Roma, expulsion of, 458secret police, 83security troops, 468special police, 78United Nations official killed, 462U.S. Information Agency, 32

Pristina Corpsactivity, 74chain of command, 10, 67, 91–92promotions and awards, 12, 55, 69

Prizren City, 338–339abuses after June 12, 1999, 455, 456, 457,

460, 463, 466armed forces, 67, 69Bilbildere neighborhood, 342–343data, limitations of, 417KLA operation, 100prison, 141regular police, 78, 80, 81secret police, 83Tusus neighborhood, 120, 339–342

Prizren-Djakovica RoadBela Crkva, 346–353Celina, 353–358Mala Krusa, 358–360, 364–365overview, 345–346

Velika Krusa, 358–364Zrze, 365–368

Prizren municipality, 15, 337–343civilians killed by NATO bombing, 444executions, rate of, 432, 433labor, compulsory, 150

Prizren Secretariat for Internal Affairs(SUP), 281, 283

Procotol II, Geneva Conventions, 487,495–501

Program for the Realization of Peace, Free-dom, Equality, Democracy, andProsperity of the SocialistAutonomous Province of Kosovo,26–27

Prokshi, Ismet, 181, 182Prokuplje, 469promotions, post-war

Serbian police, 10, 12, 55–56, 96–97,103–107

Yugoslavia, forces of the Federal Republicof, 12, 55–56, 96–97, 103–107

property, destruction of civilian, 8, 143–145,495–496

proportionality, principle of, 498–499Providence Journal, 335Purvis, Andrew, 85Pusto Selo (Pastasel), 7, 123, 124, 281,

283–287pyramid schemes, 36

Qerim, 219Qirez. See CirezQirez Mosque. See Cirez Mosquequestioning under detention. See interroga-

tionQyli, 217Qyshk. See Cuska

Racaj (Rracaj), 228Racak

conviction, 483international opinion, turning point of,

57, 103, 112killing of women and children, 157perpetrators, 80

Raci, Hazir, 463–464

586 Index

Radevic, Milorad, 81Radomir, Gojkovic, 296Radovic, Simeon, 295Radulovic, Rados, 296Rajcevic, Lubisa, 219–220Rajcevic, Micko, 219–220Rajcevic, Nenad, 219–220Rajcevic, Sasa, 219–220Rajcevic, Tihomir, 219–220Rajkovic, Boban R., 105Rajkovic, Milosav, 339Rakocevic, Aleksander, 248, 259Rakos (Rakosh), 257–258Rakovic, Aleksandar R., 105Ralevic, Milos R., 105Rallies of Truth, 23Rama, Faton, 321Rama, Rasim, 319Rama, Sadri, 321Rama, Shaban, 321Rama, Valdet, 321Ramadani, Agim, 355Ramadani family, 356–357Rambouillet conference, 58–59, 112Ramoc, 228, 229, 233Ramusij, Faton Mexhmeti, 259Randubrava (Randobrave), 337Ranko, Gojkovic, 297rape, 8, 130–133

during detention, 141Djakovica, 225–227minority women, 459–460misinformation spread by Yugoslav

media, 23paramilitaries, 61, 63Pec City, 302–303, 305Suva Reka municipality, 371, 382, 387,

389–390, 391, 392–393volunteer Yugoslav Army, 72Zrze, 367–368

rape camps, 130, 227, 305Raseta, Zoran R., 105Rasic (Rasiq), 299Rasim, 320real estate, prohibitions against Albanian

sale, 26Red Berets, 67

registration, Albanians, 371, 380–381, 383religious property. See churches; mosquesRemi. See Mustafa, Rrustem “Remi”Rena, 303Repanovic, Radojko, 81, 371Republic of Montenegro Ministry of Inter-

nal Affairs, 64Republika Srpska Delta Force, 86–87reservists, 81–82Reshaj, Refki, 396resources, lack of, 15Retimlje (Reti), 345, 353revenge

Berisha household killing, 129, 369ethnic cleansing, 112–113extrajudicial executions, 6, 14–15, 120, 129NATO air campaign, 120post-conflict abuses, 485–486Serbian police, attacks on, 31–32, 120,

157, 234–235, 339Yugoslav Army, 120

Rexha, Ekrem “Commander Drini,” 100, 463Rexha, Urim, 127, 216Rexhepi, Alban, 355Rexhepi, Nerxhivan, 356Rexhepi, Sakip, 355–356Rexhepi, Shaban, 159Rexhepi, Vefair, 357Rexhepi, Vefia, 356Rezala (Rezalle), 7, 124, 165–167, 432Ribare (Ribar), 5Ribar i Vogel. See Malo RibarRimaniste, 462Robaj, Shpetim, 154robbery, 9, 147–149

attacks on Prizren-Djakovica Road, 346,349, 354, 366

expulsions, forced, 137Lipljan municipality, 274Meja, 230Orahovac municipality, 284paramilitary role, 87Pec municipality, 299, 301, 304, 311, 321Pristina, 118Suva Reka municipality, 384violations reported, graph, 418Vulcitrn municipality, 402

Index 587

Robertson, Lord, 469rocket attacks, 455–456, 461, 462–463“Rodja.” See Djordjevic, VlastimirRoma

Albanian justification for expulsion, 90–91bodies, collection and burial of, 213, 233,

240–241, 341–342burning and looting by KLA, 14demographics, 261displacement, 453, 454, 455, 456,

457–458, 460–461history of harassment, 22killed after refuse to bury bodies, 269–270Prizren-Djakovica Road killing, 355rapes, 459–460

Rowland, Jacky, 248, 256, 450Rrahovec. See Orahovac municipalityRTS. See Serbian Radio and Television (RTS)Rubin, James, 40Rugova, Ibrahim, 29, 30, 32, 34, 44, 99, 129,

464Russia, 37, 45, 53, 91

Sadriaj, Ded, 240Sainovic, Nikola

awards, 97, 107indictment, 12, 139–140, 479, 480Racak killings, 80roles, 11, 92

Saiti, Sokol, 201, 202SAJ. See Anti-Terrorist Forces (Specijalna

Antiteroristicka Jedinica, or SAJ)Salipur, Vidomir, 82, 104, 291, 328–331, 332Saliu, Faik, 355Samardzic, Dusan, 67Sandzak, 29Sava, Father, 300Savine Vode, 443Scharping, Rudolf, 445Scheffer, David, 121, 476schools

Albanian-language, 21, 26, 29, 33–34, 37,41, 44

destruction of, 8, 145landmines at, 154

Scotland Yard, 361SDB (Sluzba Drzavne Bezbednosti). See state

security service

Second Army, 67Secretariat of Internal Affairs (SUP), 78, 243,

337, 371secret police, 10–11

chain of command, 55interrelationship with paramilitaries, 63Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs

(MUP), 75, 82–85secret service, KLA, 101Security Day, 97–98Sefulahu, Bedri, 362Sejfullahu, Osman, 360–361Selimi, Haxhi, 201Selimi, Rexhep, 101Selimi, Sylejman, 99, 103Selmanaj, Alush, 322Sepanovic, Milos, 219, 220Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts,

22–27Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs (Min-

istarstvo Unutrasnjih Poslova, orMUP)

constitutional requirements, 502killed police listed, 10–11, 64, 235Operative Group (OPG), 330Pec ethnic cleansing, 291post-war awards, 105–106structure, 9–11, 64Yugoslav Army oversight, 63Yugoslavia, forces of, 75–86, 92

Serbian police. See policeSerbian Radio and Television (RTS), 23Serbian Red Cross, 393Seremet (Sheremet), 228Seselj, Vojislav, 113Seselj’s White Eagles, 86–87, 283, 291sexual assault, 8, 130–133

during detention, 141executions during, 43investigation, 63–64paramilitaries, 130, 133, 225–226Smrekovnica prison, 414Suva Reka municipality, 392

Shabani, Bexhet, 188Shala, 397Shala, Ifraim, 385Shala, Isuf, 314, 319Shala, Mete, 320

588 Index

Shala, Muhamet, 319Shala, Zenun, 322Shavarina Mine, 178, 192–195Shea, Jamie, 249, 388, 445Sherbimi Informativ i Kosoves, 101Sheremet. See Seremetshields, human, 150–151, 439, 444, 448–449SHIK. See Sherbimi Informativ i KosovesShort, Michael, 446Shterpce. See StrpceShtime, 381Shtimje. See StimljeShtutice. See StuticaSimatovic, Frenki, 11, 84Simic, Blagoje, 482Simic, Djordje, 484Simovic, Zoran B., 106Slakovce (Sllakovc), 400, 404Slijepcevic, Dragisa, 471Slobodan, Vlahovic, 296Slovenes, 20Slovinje (Sllovi) municipality, 270–280

ethnic cleansing, 5, 137, 261, 266grave tampering, 7, 124perpetrators, 280

Smajlaj, Shaban, 321Smajlaj, Zymber, 321Smiljanic, Spasoje, 56Smith, Stephen, 70–71, 325–326, 327Smolusa, 273, 276, 277Smrekovnica (Smrekonice) Prison, 140, 142,

399, 412–414Snake. See Thaci, HashimSokolovi. See FalconsSokolovic, Zoran, 76Solana, 451Sopa, Mehmet, 273Sopa, Qamille, 273Sopa, Shehide, 273Sopina (Sopine), 371Southeast European Cooperative Initiative,

38Spahiu, Xhemal, 347–348Special Forces Corps, 67, 69–71special operations force. See JSO (Jedinice za

Specijalne Operacije)special police, 29

attacks on Prizren-Djakovica Road, 346

command, 10Cuska, 308, 309–310, 324, 329Djakovica killings, 221, 228Drenica attacks, 155Dubrava prison, 251first attack, 43organization, 76, 78Poklek human rights violations, 167Prizren municipality, 342rapes, 133violations of law, 487

Specijalna Antiteroristicka Jedinica (SAJ).See Anti-Terrorist Forces

Srbica, 81, 100Srbica (Skenderaj)

data, limitations of, 417described, 155detentions, 413executions, rate of, 425, 427expulsions, 4human shields, 151killings, 115

Sremska Mitrovica, 255, 469, 470Stakic, Milomir, 482Stambolic, Ivan, 22, 23Stamenkovic, Nenad, 484Stanisic, Jovica, 56, 65, 83, 111Stankovic, Zlatomir, 339Stanojevic, Milan, 214Stanojevic, Momcilo, 214Stanojevic, Zoran, 483Starcevic, Mirko, 67“Stari,” 235Staro Cikatovo (Cikatove e Vjeter), 151,

171–177, 195, 208Starodvorane (Staradran), 243Staro Gracko, 267state security service (SDB—Sluzba Drzavne

Bezbednosti), 75, 82–85statistical analysis

data limitations, 417executions, extrajudicial, 419–436executions by municipality, 415general findings, 418–419overview, 415

Statovci, Ismet, 404Stefanovic, Radojko, 67, 96, 105, 106, 215,

478

Index 589

Stevanovic, Obradawards, 96, 97, 104positions, 10, 76, 78promotions, 10, 12

Stimlje (Shtimje), 31, 81Stojanovic, Ljubisav D., 105Stojicic, Radovan, 78Stojiljkovic, Vlajko

awards, 104, 106, 107indictment, 12, 139–140, 216, 479, 480photograph, 75roles, 76, 92, 94, 120. 122

Stojimirovic, Ljubisa, 55, 69, 104, 106Strellc i Poshtem. See Donji StreocStrpce (Shterpce), 81, 119, 135Studecane, 394–395Studenica (Studenice), 146Studime e Eperme. See Gornja SudimljaStudime e Poshtme. See Donja SudimljaStutica (Shtutice), 120, 177, 184–186Sudimlja (Studime), 95, 116, 409Suhareke. See Suva RekaSuhodoll. See Suvi DoSuka Crmljanska hill, 42Sultan. See Selimi, SylemanSunday Times, 234SUP. See Secretariat of Internal AffairsSupreme Defense Council, 10, 66Surroi, Veton, 44, 463Susic, Slavoljub, 66Susica, 484Suva Reka (Suhareke) municipality, 48,

369–371Belanica, 147–148, 381–389Berisha household killing, 30, 119, 423bodies, hiding or disposing, 7civilian property, destruction of, 144executions, rate of, 425, 428, 432expulsions, forced, 137KLA support, 5, 115labor, compulsory, 150refugee camp attack, 31regular police, 80, 81Trnje, 394–396unnamed village in, 389–394water well contamination, 145

Suva Reka (Suhareke) town, 372–381

Suvi Do (Suhodoll), 269–270Svilanovic, Goran, 481Sweeney, John, 365

Tabaku, Bujar, 299tactical munitions dispensers (TMDs), 447Taha, Daim, 360–361Taha, Qamil, 360–361Taha, Selim, 360–361Talicit Bridge, 223Tanjug, 249–250, 255–256, 446, 450targeting errors, NATO, 440–441, 443–446,

490, 497–498Tashlixhe, 136–137Terrnje. See Trnjeterrorism convictions, Serbian court, 212,

215–216, 225, 283, 484Tetrica, Remzi, 253–254Thaci, Hashim, 58, 99, 100, 102, 103,

492–493Third Army

awards, 104–105promotions, 106structure, 10, 55, 65, 67, 69

Time, 314, 317Timok Tactical Group, 67Tirana, 45Tito, Josip Broz, 20–21TMDs. See tactical munitions dispensersTMK. See Kosovo Protection Corps (Trupat

e Mbrojtjes se KosovesTodorov, Ilija, 70, 107Tomce, the son of Milic (police), 280Tomo, Bijelic, 295Toplicane (Toplican), 266Topoljski, Petar, 462Torbesh, 458torture

detainees, generally, 48, 140Dubrava prison, 245labor, forced, 150laws against, 495, 501

Tosic, Mr. (police commander), 280Trajkovic, Nebojsa “Lutka,” 81, 201, 205,

207–208Trajkovic, Zivko, 10, 12, 78, 97, 104, 106transportation

590 Index

cost to take, 207–209expulsions, state-organized, 5, 119, 135,

137, 206, 207, 277, 290, 296, 381NATO attacks on convoys, 440

Trepca factory, 316Trepca mines, 25, 26, 121–122, 124Trnavce (Trnoc), 151Trnje (Terrnje), 394–396

grave tampering, 7, 123, 124killings, 369, 371

Trpkovski, Cedo S., 105Turks, 22, 460–461, 463Tusus, 120, 337, 339–342

unexploded ordnance, 151–152, 154UNHCR. See United Nations High Commis-

sioner for Refugeesuniforms

Djakovica municipality killings, 223–224paramilitaries, 87regular soldiers, 71–72SAJ antiterrorist units, 78secret police, 84use of, 61, 435

United Kingdom, 37, 78, 130, 154United Nations

civilian immunity principle (GeneralAssembly Resolution 2444.7), 490

official killed, 462resources, lack of, 15response to abuses after June 12, 1999,

464–469sanctions, 34Security Council, 53, 54, 480violence, condemning, 41

United Nations High Commissioner forRefugees (UNHCR)

expulsion data, 4, 230–231pre-war demographics, 211water well contamination estimates, 147

United Nations Mine Action CoordinationCenter (MACC), 152, 154

United Nations Mission in Kosovo(UNMIK), 480, 483–484

United States, 29–30, 37–38cluster bombs, 154Congress restricts aid, 481

exaggerated claims by, 121, 130Kosovo Diplomatic Observer Mission

(KDOM), 45–46reaction to Drenica massacre, 40reaction to summer offensive, 53–54sanctions, 34shuttle diplomacy, 42, 57war crimes notice, 74, 478war crimes tribunal, support of, 40–41

United States Army Field Manual, 497UNMIK. See United Nations Mission in

KosovoUrosevac (Ferizaj)

abuses after June 12, 1999, 460armed forces, 67, 69expulsion, forced, 119, 137, 456–457, 458KLA operation, 100regular police, 81

U.S. Agency for International Development,153–154

U.S. Centers for Disease Control, 125U.S. Information Agency, 32USA Today, 332–333Ushtria Clirimtare Kombetare. See National

Liberation Army Ushtria Clirimtare e Kosoves. See Kosovo

Liberation Army (KLA)

Varigovce (Varigove), 267Vasic, Josip, 461Vecernje Novosti, 72, 86Vejsa, Arlind, 220Vejsa, Dorina, 220Vejsa, Fetihe, 220Vejsa, Marigona, 220Vejsa, Rita, 220Vejsa, Sihana, 220Vejsa, Tringa, 220Vejsa household, 119, 218, 219–220Velickovic, Ljubisa, 56Velika Hoca (Hoce e Madhe), 281, 457, 484Velika Krusa (Krushe e Madhe), 358–364

grave tampering, 7, 124group moved to, 356, 357KLA support, 345

Veliki Kicic (Kqiqi i Madhe), 397Vershec. See Vrsevce

Index 591

Vesekovce (Vesekofc), 400Vesna, Davic, 296Vietnam Veterans’ Foundation, 152Vitina (Viti)

abuses after June 12, 1999, 461expulsions, forced, 119, 455–456regular police, 81

Vitosevic, Dobrivoje, 81, 371VJ. See Yugoslav ArmyVjollca, 303Vlahovic, Boro, 80, 243, 291Vllasi, Azem, 26Voci, Ali, 395Voci, Rahime, 396Vojnovic, Milos, 81, 283, 338Vojska magazine, 64, 70, 71Vojvodina, 20, 27, 29Volujak, 476volunteers, Yugoslav Army, 72–74Vranic (Vraniq), 371Vranjevac (Kodra e Trimave), 136–137Vranovac (Vranoc), 299Vrbovac (Vrbofe), 63–64, 177, 178–184Vreme magazine, 85Vrenezi, Bekim, 386–387Vrenezi, Osman, 386–387Vrsevce (Vershec), 269Vucetic, Ljubisa S., 105Vucitrn (Vushtrri) municipality, 397–399

expulsions, forced, 134, 407, 408massacre, 116military buildup, 4refugee camp attack, 31security forces, 81Smrekovnica Prison, 412–414

Vukovce (Vukofci), 150, 198, 199Vukovic, Branislav, 296Vukovic, Branko N., 105Vushtrri. See Vucitrn municipality

Walker, William, 57–58Wall Street Journal, 87, 89war crimes, investigation of NATO, 439war crimes tribunal, 12–13, 475–482. See also

International Criminal Tribuanl forthe former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

domestic trials, 482–485

indictments, 75NATO and KLA, investigations of,

485–486Washington Post, 69, 80, 214–215, 216, 219,

221, 222, 256–257, 259, 472water wells, contamination of, 8–9, 143,

145–147Watson, Paul, 248, 249, 259weapons

arrival during Rambouillet conference,112

availability of, 36cluster bombs, 13, 151, 154, 446, 451laser-guided precision guided missiles,

447–448post-war attacks, 455–456, 461, 462

Wilkenson, Ray, 230–231Williams, Daniel, 256–257women

age of those killed, 421–423arbitrary arrest and detention of, 141, 142killings in convoy in Vulcitrn municipal-

ity, 409killings of, 119, 157, 352, 353separated from men, 160, 222–223, 230,

266, 284, 311–312, 321, 334, 354,361, 365, 418, 419

World Bank, 34world community. See international com-

munityWorld War I, 19World War II, 19, 20

Xerxe. See ZrzeXhemaili, Bajrush, 245, 249, 250, 254

Yeltsin, Boris, 45Yugoslav airlines (JAT), 38Yugoslav Army

border killings, 56–57buildup, 112casualties, 74chain of command, 7, 9–10command responsibility, 63destruction of civilian property, 143Djakovica city, 216Djakovica City, 212, 214–215

592 Index

Dubrava prison, 254executions attributed to, 435extortion by, 205fair treatment of civilians, 63–64, 199first attack, 43forced expulsions, 118–119grave tampering, 7, 121–122human shields, 150–151interrogation by, 204Korisa incident, 443–444labor, compulsory, 149–150landmines, 151, 153Lipljan municipality, 280local militia and reservist groups, 81–82Meja, 228, 231military court proceedings, 484–485Pec ethnic cleansing document, pur-

ported, 290–297Pec municipality, 331–333positioning during Rambouillet confer-

ence, 58–59Prizren, 337–338Prizren-Djakovica Road, 353–354, 357promotions, 55–56revenge motive, 120sexual assaults by, 130, 133soldiers convicted of murder, 484structure, 64–74violations of law, 487Vulcitrn municipality, 400war crimes notice, 478winter exercises in Vucitrn municipality,

397withdrawal, 453, 464

Yugoslav Constitutionarmy command, 66detention, 501minority rights, 501–502police behavior, 502

Yugoslaviadomestic law, 501–503domestic trials, 482–485

Yugoslavia, forces of the Federal Republic ofhistory, 64–65

military buildup before NATO bombing, 4paramilitary organizations, 86–91post-war promotions, 103–107Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs,

75–86Yugoslav Army, 66–74

Yugoslav Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 247Yugoslav United Left Party (JUL), 83

Zablace (Zablaq), 243Zahac (Zahaq)

ethnic cleansing delayed, 299–300, 308executions, 289, 320–321executions, rate of, 434perpetrators, 306, 325, 327–328, 331

Zatra, 298Zdravkovic, Srba, 215Zekavica, Gradimir

awards, 97, 106roles, 80, 283, 337, 338

Zekovic, Petar, 76, 96, 107Zeqiri, Elki, 355Zeqiri, Mytar, 355Zhegovac (Zhegofc), 273–274Zherka, Nexhdet, 216Zherka, Qamil, 216Zhuniqi, Clirim, 347–348Zhuniqi, Eqerem, 346Zhuniqi, Muharem, 349Zhur. See ZurZivanovic, Dragan, 67, 96, 107, 478Zivkovic, Veroljub J., 105Zociste (Zozishte), 353Zogaj, Elmi, 388–389Zogaj, Gani, 387Zogaj, Sali, 388–389Zogaj, Sami, 388–389Zogaj, Shaban, 388–389Zojic (Zojiq), 337Zozishte. See ZocisteZrze (Xerxe), 345, 365–368Zubin Potok, 81, 117, 457Zur (Zhur), 132, 393Zvecan, 81, 117

Index 593