Index

Abbe coefficient L49 Abrasives, grain size KI14 Absorption number C34 Acceleration

instantaneous centre of A25 particle AI9

natural components A22 Accident prevention, see Safety

standards Accuracy, machining L I Ackeret - Keller process C20 Acme thread F36

spindles L16 Acoustics

basic concepts J29-31 power level J30 see also Noise

Acrylate rubbers (ACM) D59 Acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers

(NBR) D59 Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

(ABS) D56 Action control, robot L 103 Adaptation of work to people,

manufacturing processes KI

Adhesive bonding F21 Adiabatic systems C2

changes of state C5, CI4

entropy changes C7 exponent C II

Adjusting, assembly K93 Aero·emulsions D74 Aerodynamic drag A6S Aerofoils A66-68 Aesthetics, design for E 19 Aggregation states K3 Air cooling, indirect H27 Air ejectors H26-27 Air entrainment, luhricating oils

D74 Air pumps H26 Air resistance, of vehicles A65

Aircraft, steels for D40 Airy's stress function 837

Alitising D32 Aluminisation D32 Aluminium and aluminium alloys

D45-46, Dl03-109 as alloying element D33 aluminium bronze D44, DI02 casting alloys D46, D109-110 weldability F8

Amino plastics (MF, UF) D57 Amplitude-frequency response JI4 Analog data logging LSI-52

Analysis process, problem-solving E4

Anchors, piping HI3 Anergy C8 Angular momentum

conservation law A30, A32, A38 equation A30, A32

Anisotropy K22 Annealing D30

coarse-grain D30 recrystallisation D30 soft D30 steel strength values D80

Annular discs, under in-plane loads B41

Anti-vibration mountings F61-62 Antoine's equation CIO

constants table C36 Anvil hammers L62 Arc welding machines, see Welding

machines, arc ASA (plastic) D56 A-S-I method (adaptation,

substitution and/or integration) KI

Aspect ratio A68 Assembly process K91

automated K96 design for E19 planning K93 systems K95-96

Asynchronous control L35

Attenuation measurement D24 Austenite D26 Autocatalytic plating KI9 Automation

assembly K96 materials handling KIOI-102

Avogadro's constant C9 Axial locking devices F32-33 Axis coordinates L47

Bach's correction factor B6 Backlash LI8 Ball bearings, see Bearings, ball Ballscrew mechanisms L 16 Ballvalves H17 Bandsawing K48

machines L88-89 Bar stress

constant axial load B7 notched bar B7 temperature variation 87

variable axial load B7 variable cross section B7

Basic design E 13

Bauschinger effect (fatigue strength) B 56

Beam cutting (material removal), see

Jet cutting Beam elements, use of FEM B52 Beam welding F3-4 Beams

arbitrary loads B 11 bending stresses B12-16 continuous B33-34 deflection B20-26 equal bending loads BI6 forces and moments B8, B 11-12 highly curved B19 lateral buckling B48 line loads B 10 plane angled B II plane curved B II single loads B 10 single moments B\o slightly curved B26

Bearing pressures, see Stress, contact Bearing seals F98 Bearing shells/liners F97 -98 Bearings

ball F77-78, L16, L33-34 dry F99 feed drive Ll6- 18 hydrostatic jacking systems F99 hydrostatic journal F99-100 hydrostatic thrust Fl 00-10 I lobed F98 machine tool Ll, L25-26, L31-

34 materials F97, F98, F191 multi-pad plain F98 oil flow rate F92 plain

design F89 form design F96-98 friction F89 lubricant supply F96-97

plain journal steady radial loading F89-92 variable radial loading F92

plain thrust F92-96 reactions A34 roller F78-79, L16, L32-33

steels for D39 rolling

assembly design F87 -89 fatigue life F79-82, F83 friction F87 fundamentals F75 heating F87 limiting speeds F83 load capacity F79, F82

2 Index. C

Bearings (cant,)

lubrication F84-86 service life F83 types F77 - 79

sliding L32 temperature calculations F9 I,

F189-190 types of A7

Beat (vibrations) A42 Belleville springs, see Conical disc

springs Bellows compensators HI4 Belt drives FlOl

flat FlOI-I07 calculations F107, FI92 constant speed ratios F104-

105 materials F106 step-cone pulleys F103-104 tensioning F105-106 variable-speed drives FI03-

104 machine tool L13 synchronous F109, F193, LI8 toothed, see belt drives,

synchronous v- F107-109

calculations F108-109 types and sizes Fl08, FI92

Belt grinding K54-55 data table K115

Beltram's equations B36 Bending arrow B45 Bending line, effect of shear strains

B25-26 Bending sheet forming process

K29-30 methods K30-31

Bending strength test method D20 plastics D60

Bending stresses double BI4 graphical determination of

moment B11 highly curved beams B 19-20 oblique loading B 14 simple loading B 12-13 straight beams B12-16

Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation (gas properties) C9-10

Bernoulli's criteria B12, B56 Bernoulli's equation A51-52, A53,

A62, A66, 61 Bessel functions A47 Betti's Law (equilibrium conditions)

B54, B55 Biaxial moment of area B 12 Billet shears/parters L52 Bingham Medium (fluid flow) A59 Biot index C28 Black body C33 Blade rows, see Cascades Blades, see Aerofoils Blanking machines L53-54 Blanking processes K61, K62

defects K64 sequence K62-63 special K65-66

tools K64 Blasius formula (fluid flow) A53 Blister packing method D65 Blockboard D53 Blocks, modular E22-23 Blowing (of plastics) D63 Body measurements, representative

K107-108 Boiler plate steels D36 Boiling point C2 Boiling process C32 Bolted connections, see Connections,

bolted Bolts and nuts F36-38

large F45 resilience F39 steels for D39, D85-89 stress in B8 in thermal apparatus H8

Bonding adhesive, see Adhesive bonding of plastics D65

Boring machines L7S-79 horizontal L83-84

Boron (as alloying element) D33 Boron nitride (PBN) , cutting

material K50 Boronising D32 Boundary element method (BEM)

B53 beam B54 discs, plates and dishes B54

Boundary layer hardening D31 steels for D35

Boundary layer theory (fluid flow) A63, A64

Boundary zone, heat transfer C28 Boussinesq's formulae (stresses)

B37, B38 Brainstorming method (for problem

solving) E5 Brakes F73

for presses L58 Brasses, see under Copper and

copper alloys Brazing, see Soldering Brazing equipment LlOO Bredt-Batho theory (thin-walled

tubes) B28 Bred!'s equations

first B28 second B30

Bricks D49-50 fireproof D50

Brinell hardness test D20-21 Brittle materials, stress distribution B5 Broaching machines L86-87 Broaching process K47 -48 Bronzes, see under Copper and

copper alloys Buckingham'S II-theorem A 71-72 Buckling

bars B45-48 beams B48 columns B47 domed end closures H8 energy method B46-47 frames B47

inelastic (plastic) B46, B50 plates B48-49 rings B47 safety value B45 shells B49-50 torsional B47 -48

Building board D53 Buildup technique, see UGA process Burmester circle/centre point

curves FI67 Bum characteristics, plastics D62 Butterfly valves, see Valves, flap Butyl rubbers (IIR) D59

C-ftames, press L57 Cables A12-13

point load AI3 uniform load A13

Calendering, of plastics and rubbers D63, KIS

Caloric state variables C9 table of C49

Calorilic value fuels C49, C50 gross CI7 net C17

Calorisation D32 Cam control L38 Cam mechanisms

kinematics FIS9, FI68 press LS7

Cam-forming machines L83 Cam-throttle control L37-38 Capacity utilisation K 100 Capillary tension A49 Carbides, cemented K49-50 Carbo-nitriding D31 Carbon (as alloying element) D33 Cardan shaft F65 Carnot cycle C19-20 Carnot factor C8 Cartesian coordinates L47 Cascades A68 Case hardening D31

steels for D35, D80 Cast iron, see Iron, cast Cast parts, manufacturing K4-12 Cast steel, see Steel, cast Castigliano's theorem B26 Casting process

aluminium alloys for D46, D 109-111

centrifugal K 11-12 cleaning operations K 13 continuous K4 guidelines for design K12, K14 ingot K3 inspection and testing KI5 machines for K4 manufacturing of parts K4-12 melting of materials KI3 plastic sheet KI5 semi-finished products K3-4 steel D28 strip and wire rod K4

Catenary AI2-13 Cauchy number E20

Cauchy-Riemann differential equations A62

Cauchy's Similarity Law A70 Cavity sinking, ultrasonic K85 Cell control L36 Cell-type manufacturing systems L97 Cellulose derivatives (CA, CP, CAB)

056-57 Celsius Scale C2 Cementite 026 Cements 051,0112 Centre of gravity A13- 14 Centre of rotation, instantaneous

A24-25 Centre-of-mass law A30, A36 Centrifugal casting K 11- 12 Centrifugal clutches F74 Centrifugal stresses, rotating

components B43-44 Centroid gyro A38 Ceramic materials 049-50, 0111

inserts K50 moulding K7-8

Certnets, see Carbides, cemented Chain dtives FIOI, FI09-110, FI93 Chain transmission, machine tool

LI3-14 Chains, see Cables Changes of state

adiabatic C5, CI4 gases and vapours

at rest C14-15 in motion C15-16

irteversible C4 isentropic CI4 for primary shaping K3

Channel bending, see U-bending Chatter, machine tool L4 Chemical analysis methods 023 Chemical industry, use of

condensers H24, H25 Chemical milling/machining K57,

K61 Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)

048, K49, K86, K91 Chill casting KlO

low pressure KlO Chip formation

grinding process K52 machining K35-36 non-defined tool edges KS I turning K38-39

Chipboard 053 Chipless machining

laser beam K83 processes classification K85

Chromating 049 Chromising 032 Chromium (as alloying element)

033 Churchill & Chu equation (free

convection) C32 Circuits, hydraulic G12, GI5-16,

L61 Circular sawing K49

machines L88-89 Circular shears L52-53 Clack valves, see Valves, flap

Clamp joints F27-28 Clamping/support mechanisms,

lathe L67 Classification systems, item E30-31 Clausius-Clapeyron equation

(entropy of evaporation) CI2

Clausius-Rankine process (reversible cyclic) C21

Clausius's inequality C7 Clevis joints F29 Clocked control L35 Closures

domed H7-8 flat end H7

Cloud point, lubricating oils 073 Clutches F65, F69-73

automatic F74-5 dog F69 freewheel F75 friction F69-70

engagement slip F70-72 layout design F72 operating methods F73 size selection F72 type selection F72

overrun F75 press L58 slip clutches F7 4

Co-generation, see Combined power and heat generation

Coating processes K86-87 laser beam K83 on metal 048-49 non-metallic 048-49 plastics on metals K86 surface K90-91

Cobalt (as alloying element) 033 Cocks (piping) H17 Cold forging K34, L61 Cold forming processes K20

effect on material properties 09 Colebrook-Nikuradse diagram A54 Colebrook's fortnula (pipe friction)

A54 Collision forces, coupling L20 Collision time A39 Colour assessment, of plastics 062 Combined power and heat

generation C23 Combined stresses

axial load and torsion B32 bending and axial load B31 bending, axial load, shear and

torsion B32 bending and shear B32 bending and torsion B32 shear and torsion B32

Combustion processes C 16-18 temperature in C 17 -18

Commutators, d.c. motor L8 Compacting, hot -cold (heat

treatment process) 032 Compensation effects, overload E 14 Complex velocity potential A62 Compliance frequency response L4 Components, relative expansion

El7

C. Index 3

Composite design E19 Composite (integral) casting K12 Compressed air, pneumatic

installations G 17 Compressible fluids, see Fluids,

compressible Compression bars (spring) F52 Compression moulding K16 Compression refrigeration, see

Refrigeration process, compression

Compression strength test method 020

plastics 060 Compressors G16 Computer aided design (CAD)

systems Ll05-106 Computer aided production

planning K98 Computer aided quality control

(CAQ) KlO4 Computer integrated manufacturing

(CIM) system L37-38 Computer numerically controlled

(CNC) systems L68 Conceptual design E 11-12 Concrete OSO

blocks and slabs OS I lightweight 051 prestressed OS I reinforced 050-S 1

Condensation process ClO, C32 principles H23-24

Condensers air-cooled H26 in chemical industry H24, H25,

H26 direct-contact H25 injection H25 low-pressure saturated vapour

H25 for power stations H26 in steam power plant H24 surface H24

Conduction, thermal C26-27 Configuration guidelines D66 Confrontation, problem-solving E4 Conical disc springs F55-56 Connecting rods F173, F174, F176 Connections

adhesive F21 bolted F34

loading F40-45 strength F42-45 tightening F38-40

elastic, see Springs friction F23-28 positive F28-34 type selection F47-50

Consolidation index (material hardness) K21

Constant-power control G14 Constraiitts, task E4 Constructional interrelationships E4 Contact

conformal 068 contraformal 068 stress B8

4 Index. 0

Contact controls L40-41 Contact corrosion E18 Contactor L40 Continuous casting processes K4 Continuous-path control L46, L58

robot LI03 Contraction coefficients D77 Control data processing L44-45 Control programs L35-36 Controls

asynchronous L35 cam operated L38 clocked L35 electrical L40-4I electronic L40-41 hydraulic transmissions G 13-14 levels of L37 means of operating L3 7 - 38 organisation of L36-37 robot L102-104 safety standards L38 signal processing L35 system structure L34-35

Convection heat transfer C26, C30-33

Coolants, refrigeration C22 Cooling lubricants, machining

processes K52 Cooling ponds H27 Cooling towers H27

design calculations H27 - 28 Coordinate conversion L47 Coplanar forces A2

equilibrium conditions A6 Copper, weldability F8 Copper and copper alloys D33,

D43, D93, D94 -aluminium ailoys (aluminium

bronzes) D 102 -lead-tin alloys D103 -tin alloys (tin bronzes) D101-

102 -zinc alloys (brasses) D43-44,

D95-98, D99-1oo bronzes D44

Core zone remelting D28 Coriolis acceleration A25 Correction values table (cutting

processes) KI09 Corrosion

design for avoidance E 17-18 types D5, El7-18

Corrosive media, effect on material properties D 10

Cost accounting KI07 Cost centre calculation E8 Cost location accounting K106 Cost type accounting KI05 Costing E9-1O

operational K105-107 Costs, types of KI05 Cottered joints F30 Couette flow A63-64 Couette viscosimeter A64 Coulomb's law of friction A42, K23 Counterblow hammers L62, L63 Couples Al Couplings L20, F64-65

elastic F65-69 resilient metal F68 rigid F65 self-aligning F65 torsionally stiff F65

CR, see Polychioroprene rubbers Crack ductility, test methods D22 Crack formation/propagation D3-4

weld joints F6 Crank mechanisms A24

components F1n-l76 designs F 168 dynamics FI70-172 kinematics Fl68-l70 machine tool LI4 press L57

Crank-rocker mechanisms L14 Crankshafts FIn, F174, FI75

oscillatory system J11, J19 Creep 056

strength calculations DIS Cremona force diagram All Crevice corrosion E 17 Critical loads, approximation

methods 046-47 Culmann's auxiliary force A3 Curing process, thermo-setting

plastics K3 Curved shears L52-53 Cutouts, pressure vessel H8 Cutter location data (CLDATA) L44 Cutting off process K62 Cutting processes K35

speeds Ll steels for D38

Cutting tools, materials for K49, K50, K1l7

CycliC process C 19 Cyclo gear mechanisms L19-20 Cylinders

bound hollow 042 elliptical 042 pneumatic LIS rotating 044 thick-wall 043

Cylindrical shells under external pressure H6-7 under internal pressure H6

Cylindrical ways L28 Cyril-Bath process (stretch forming)

K28

D'Aiembert's Principle A29, A36-37,043

constrained motion A3I hydrostatic paradox A62

Dalton's Law C23 Damping

machine tool L4 modal J12 vibration A42-45, J12

Damping couplings F67 Databases, manufacturing system

L37-38 Debye temperatures C 13

table of C49 Decimal-geometric series E20 Deep drawing

plasticity theory K27 - 28 technology K28-29

Deep-hole drilling machine L 76 Deflection

beams 020-26 oblique bending 025 slightly curved beams 026

Deformation E15, E16 material flow K20-21 plastic H7 technology 056 test methods for determining

D19 Deformation energy theory D5 Degrees of freedom A23 Delphi method (for problem

solving) E5 Demand calculation, material K98-

99 Denavit - Hartenberg convention

(robot structure) LI02 Density A49 DeSign process E 10-11

basic E13 conceptual, see Conceptual

design detail, see Detail design embodiment, see Embodiment

design redesign E 13 variants E 13

Detail design E 12 Deutsche Institut fUr Normung

(DIN) Standards, see DIN Standards

Development and design, problem-solving E4

Diathermal walls C2 Diathermic body C33 Die, wire drawing K25 Diesel engine C18 Differential design E 19 Diffusion coatings D48 Diffusion mechanisms, sintering K3 Diffusor flow C 16

drag coefficient A56 Digital absolute measuring systems

L50-51, Ll02 Digital data logging L49-50 Digital incremental measuring

systems L49-50, LI02 Digital locators LI02 Dilatant liquids A59 Dilatometer measurement D24 Dimensions, types of E25 DIN (Deutsche Institut fUr

Normung) Standards E23-24

Dip soldering L 1 00 Dipole current flow A62 Disc friction A65 Disc model, plasticity theory K25 Discs

rotating 043-44 rotation of two A26 skewed angle rotation A34 under in-plane loads 041

Discursive methods, problem-solving E5

Displacement control, motor LIO Displacement method, FEM B50 Displacement power, pump G5 Distortion B3 Distribution laws, sample evaluation

D17-18 Dittus-Boelter-Kraussold equation

(heat transfer) C31 DNC operation, robot control L103 Double-acting hammers L62, L63 Drag, solid bodies A65 Drag coefficient ASS-57 Drag force A67 -68 Drawing process L S9 Drilling machines L 7 3

bench L74 column-type L74-75 deep-hole L 76 free-standing piller L 7 4 multi-spindle L75 precision L 76 radial L7S-76 special purpose L 76-79 turret L76

Drilling process K41-43 laser beam K83 short-holes K43

Drives control of L7, L9-IO, L13 hydraulic G15-16, L61-62

control G13-14 machine tool LI, L4 pneumatic, see Pneumatic drives press L57-58

Drop forging K33 Drop hammers L62-6; Drop short circuits, welding L97 -98 Ductility D7

at fracture D3 crack D22 processes affecting D8-10

Dulong-Petit rule cn Dynamic loading, strength

calculations D 13 Dynamic similarity A70-71 Dynamic stress, weld joints FI6 Dynamic viscosity AS3

Economic efficiency, manufacturing processes KI

Effective motion L1 Effective principle E2, E4 Efficiency A28

heat exchangers H 4 Eigenvectors J12, JI3 Elastic buckling, see Euler buckling Elastic couplings, see Couplings,

elastic Elastic expansion, scale factor A69,

A70 Elastic hardening material B56 Elastic limit D 19 Elastic modulus, test methods for

determining D 19 Elasticity B 36

Elasto-plastic material B56 Elastomer couplings F68-69 Elastomers D54, D58-59

polyurethane (PUR) D59 thermoplastically processable

(TPE) D59 for vibration reduction F66-67

Elastoviscous substances A59 Elbow pieces, drag coefficient A55 Electric slag remelting D28 Electrical discharge in gas cutting

Fill Electrical machines, steels for D40,

D41, D94 Electrical perturbation moments,

excitation by J20 Electrochemical machining (ECM)

K57, K60, K85 Electrodischarge machining (EDM)

K57-59, K85 cavity sinking K58, K59 cutting by K 59 material pairs table K1l5-116 thread production K69

Electroforming KI9 Electrohydraulics L40

drives LlO-ll Electron beam processing

applications K83-84 inscriber K88 lithography K1l4, K87 micro-analysiS method D23 principles K83 vapour deposition K84

Electroplating K91 Ellipsoid of inertia A34 Elongation B3, B4

permanent limit B5 Embodiment design E 12

basic rule E 13 guidelines E 16 principles E 14-16

Emission index C34

table of C53 Empirical temperatures C2 EN Standards (European Standards)

E23 Enamelling D49 Encoders, digital absolute measuring

systems L50 Energy C3

in closed systems c4 dissipated Cll forms of C3-4 internal (stored) C4, Cll, C12 in open systems C4-5

Energy conservation law A36, A38 Energy efficiency, overall C18 Energy equation A29, A30 Energy method, buckling load B46-

47 Energy transfer, fluid drives G I Engesser-von Karman's curve

(buckling) B46 Engineering drawings

conventions and scales E27 dimensioning E27 lines and lettering E27

E. Index 5

sizes and formats E27 types E25-27

Engineering surfaces E24-25 Engines

diesel C18 fan-type, force calculations J8-9 flat, force calculations J9 internal combustion CI8 machine vibrations JII pressure graph JI radial, force calculations J8-9 two-cylinder, force calculations

J5 V-in-line, force calculations J8, J9

Engraving machines L82 Enthalpy C5, CI!, Cl2

humid air C24 Entropy C6, CI2

generation C6 Entropy flux C6 Environment, effect on material

properties D 10 Epicyclic gears A26 Epoxy resins (EP) D58 EPS, see Polystyrene, expanded Equal embodiment strength

principle EI6 Equations of motion

machine vibrations JI!, J25-29 see also Motion

Equilibrium conditions coplanar forces A6 forces in space A5 thermal C2 types of A7

ErgonOmics E18, K107-108 Ericson process C20 Error technology, manufacturing

processes KI ETFE (plastic) D57 Ethylene propylene rubbers (EPM,

EPDM) D59 Euler buckling B45 Euler datum system (fluid

mechanics) CI Euler's equations of motion A23,

A37, ASI, A60 for stream filament A51

Euler's rope friction formula Al7-18

Euler's similarity parameters A 71 Euler's velocity formula A23 Evaluation procedure, solution E6,

E7, E8 Evaporation process C33 Excitation spectrum, noise J31, J34 Exergy C7

closed system C7-8 and heat C8 losses C8, H5 open system C8

Expanding process, plastics forming KI6

Expansion thermal CI2

design for El7 solids C12, C48 table of coefficients C48

6 Index. G

Expansion compensators H13 bellows drag coefficient A56 loops H13

Exponential equations, use of E21-22

External forces Al Extruders (machines) L61 Extrusion processes K15

direct K34 hydraftlm K35 hydrostatic K35 indirect K34-35 plasticity theoty K26-27 plastics D63

F actors of safety, see Safety factors Fahrenheit Scale C2 Fail-safe principle E16 Failure

causes of D2 stress failure criterion 86 under alternating stress D3-4 under complex stress conditions

D4-5 under continuous stress D2-3

Fatigue crack corrosion E18 Fatigue endurance limit D6, D13 Fatigue life, rolling bearings F79-82,

F83 Fatigue notch factor D12 Fatigue strength D6 Fatigue test, plastics D61 Feed drive components L 16 Feedgear mechanisms L18-20 Feedscrew mechanisms LI6 FEP (plastic) D57 Fibre-reinforced components,

manufacture D63 Field-vector control L5 Filing machines L88-89 Fine machining K81 Finishing, plastic components D67 Finite element analysis, drive

mechanisms FI75 Finite-element method (FEM) 850-

53 applications 852-53 displacements 851 elongations 851 machine tool design L25 oscillatoty systems J22 shears 8S1 stresses 8S2

Fit systems E2S Fits and tolerances E21, E25 Fixed points, temperature scale C3,

C34, C3S Flame hardening D31 Flammability, of plastics D62 Flange joints F42

pressure vessel H8, H8-10 Flashpoint, oil D73 Flat-bed frames, machine tool L21 Flexibility matrix method, FEM 8S0 Flexible manufacturing systems L97,

K102-103 Flexible turning centres L94 Floating bodies, stability ASO

Flow criteria for material flow K21 incompressible fluids A60 laminar AS2-S3 multi-dimensional

inviscid fluids A60-63 viscous fluids A63-68

non-Newtonian fluids AS9 non-stationaty ASI pipe losses HI0 plane potential A62-63 process theory 6 I

stationary ASI twisted bar analogy 831

Flow controllers 611 Flow curve, material K21 Flow distributors 6 II Flow of force, see Force transmission Flow law, isotropic materials K21 Flow regulators 611 Flow straighteners, drag coefficient

AS7 Flow stress K20 Fluid drives/transmissions 62-3,

L40 Fluidics L39-40 Fluids

compressible A53 incompressible A60

Fluorine rubber (FKM) DS9 Flywheel design JI-3 FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect

Analysis) K104 Foam moulding, thermoplastic

(TSG) DS8 Foaming process D64 Fog range C24 Folding (metal bending) K30 Force compensation principle E 15 Force of gravity, work A28 Force transmission E 14

by friction F23-28 diagram LI2, L13

Forces Al combinations of

concurrent A2-3 non-concurrent A3-S

coplanar systems A2, A4 excitation of out -of-balance J 19 method for statically

indeterminate systems 833

resolution of concurrent A3 non-concurrent A4

spatial systems A2, AS Forging processes K32-34, L61,

L63, L6S-66 aluminium alloys D4S steels for D38

Form drag, see Pressure resistance Form hardening, austenitic D32 Form milling K47

gear cutting K71 Form numbers D78 Formability K22 Formed parts, design and tolerances

D66-67

FOrming cold, steels for D38 hot, steels for D38 powder metallurgy K18 theory K23-2S

FOrming limit curve K23 Forming machines LS4-S7 Fourier analysis

non-periodic processes J17 periodic oscillations J17

Fourier index C28 Fourier's Law A7l, C26, C27 Fracture mechanics D2, D3-4, D7

test methods D22 Fracture strain, test methods for

determining D 19 Frames

machine tool L2, L21, LS7 embodiment design L23-2S materials L22

Framework, pin-jointed AlO-12 Freedom of motion, mechanism

FlS8 Freeing principle A 7 Freezing point C2 Frequencies

natural JIl-13 response functions J13-14

Friction sliding AlS static AlS systems analysis D7l-72 tube AS3-SS types of D67, D68

Friction corrosion E18 Friction coupling L94 Friction drives

calculations FI12-115 definitions F 11 0 types Fl11-112 use and operation FllS-1l6

Friction losses, heat exchanger HS Friction of motion, see Friction,

sliding Friction pairings, table F182 Frictional force, work A28 Frictional gears L14 Frictional resistance A6S Froude's Model Law A70 Froude's Similarity Law A 70 Fuels

calorific values table C49, C50 composition C50 liquid C50

Full mould casting K9 Function control L34 Functional interrelationships E2, E4

Gallery method (for problem solving) E5

Galvanic coatings D48 Gamma-ray test procedure D25 Gas constant, universal C9 Gas cutting processes F17-18 Gas fusion welding F2 Gas lubrication, bearings L30 Gas phase deposition coatings D48 Gas turbine system

Gas turbine system (cont.)

closed C20 open C18

Gas-shielded arc welding F2-3 Gases

combustion characteristics C50 ideal C9

caloric properties C 1 0-11 flow CI5-I6

mixtures of C23, C24 physical properties C52 radiation of C34 real C9-JO

caloric properties C II Gaskets H9 Gate valves H17 GE hypothesis (deformation) K21 Gear cone transmission units L 11- 12 Gear cutting

by hobbing K73-7 4 by planing K72 by shaping K72-73 form-cutting processes K70 generating processes K70 worms K77-78

Gear manufacture fmishing K74-77 grinding K76, L92 materials and heat treatment

F126-128 Gear pairs F 116 Gear ratio FI17 Gearbox, three-speed L II Geared transmissions

bearings F 156-157

cases/housings F154-156 connections FI54 design FI54 types F153-154

Gears bevel A27

cutting by generating methods K79 by grinding K81 by milling K80-81 by shaping K78-79

straight F 13 7 - 138 bevelled spur F138-139 circarc FI22 compound planetary trains

F150-152 cooling F126 crossed helical F139 crown FI38 cycloid FI22 cylindrical K70-77 efficiency F 117 epicyclic F143-152 frictional L14 grinding machine for L92 helical FI28-137 hydraulic L 14-15 involute F120-122 lubrication F125-126 machine tool Ll mangle F124 mechanical L II noise behaviour F116

planet, see Gears, epicyclic pneumatic LIS spiral bevel FI38 spur FI28-137 superposition F149-150 tooth geometry F117-124 Wildhaber-Novikov (W-N) F124 worm FI39-143, K77-78

Gearwheel an-mgement L 12 - 13 Geometrical data processing (GEO)

L45 Geometrical features E2 Geometrically similar series E21 German Standards, see DIN

Standards; VDE regulations; VDl guidelines

Gibbs's fundamental equation C6 Glass 051-52 Gnielinski's equation C31 Gottingen-type profile (polar curve)

A68 Graetz solution (infmite series) C31 GRAFCET (programming standard

guideline) L42 Grain characteristics, for machining

K50-51, K114 Graphite-bearing metals, bearings

F98 Grashof number C30, C32 Grashofs criterion (linkages) F158 Grdtings

incremental measuring systems L49

incremental scanner L49 Gravitational forces, scale factor

A69, A70 Gray code, digital absolute

measuring systems L51 Greases, see Lubricants, greases Green's function (influence

coefficient) B54 Grey cast iron, weldability F8 Grey radiators C33-34 Grids and screens, drag coefficient

A57 Grinding machines L89

centreless cylindrical L90-91 cylindrical L89-90 developments L92 gear L92 internal cylindrical L91 screw thread L92 surface L89

Grinding processes belt K54-55 gear finishing K76 inside-diameter cutoff K57 rotating tool K52-54 thread production K69

Grinding wheels K52 dressing K53-54

Griibler's equation (degrees of

freedom) FI58 Guided gyro A38 Guides

linear L2S-31 machine tool L 1 rotary, see Bearings

H • Index 7

Gyroscopic motion <\.38 zero-force A38

H-frames, machine tool L21 Hacksawing K49 Hacksawing machines LB9 Hagen-Poiseuille formula (volume

flow) A53 Haigh fatigue strength curve 06,

077 Hamilton's Principle (dynamics)

A32-33 Hammer forging K33 Hammers L54, L61-63 Hand moulding K6 Handling systems L1 0 1

computer controlled LJOI Hard soldering FI9 Hardening treatment 029 Hardness, of plastics 060 Hardness test methods 020 Harmonic drive gear mechanisms

L19 Harmonic oscillations J14 Hausen's formula C31 Head loss A53 Heat C4 Heat conductivity C26

table of values A52 Heat conductivity resistance, see

Thermal resistance Heat exchangers

characteristics HI efficiency H 4 finned-surface H22 flow arrangements H4 operating characteristics H4 plate-type H22 recuperative, see Recuperators regenerative, see Regenerators shell-and-tube H21-22 spiral H22 tube-bundle H21-22

Heat flux C26 Heat penetration coefficient C29 Heat pump process C 19

compression C22-23 Heat transfer C26, C27-28, HI

cooling tower H27 with phase change C32-33 without phase change C31-32

Heat transfer coefficient C27-28, HI, H24

Heat transmiSSion, instationary C28-

30 Heat treatment processes 030-32,

K15 effect on material properties 09,

029 Heating index C23 Hedstrom coefficient (fluid flow)

A59 Heller process (condensation) H25 Helmholtz equation for vorticity

A61 Helmholtz Laws A61 Hencky's Law (stress/strain) B57

8 Index. L

Henneberg's Rod Transposition Process All

Henry-Dalton law D74 Herpolbode A25 Hertzian contact stresses B38, DIO,

069 arbitrariIy curved surface-plane

contact B38-39 arbitrarily curved surfaces

contact B39 cylinder-cylinder contact B38 cylinder-plane contact B38 sphere-plane contact B38 sphere-sphere contact B38

Hertzian fundamental bending frequency A43

Hertzian theory (compression behaviour) F75

Hierarchical vieWpoint E5 High vacuum casting K8 High-polymer materials, state for

shaping K3 High-speed steels K49 Hobbing process K47

gear cutting K73 Hole-based fit systems E25 Homogenizing D30 Homokinetic joint F65 Honing K55-56 Honing machines

long-stroke L92-93 short-stroke L93-94

Hooke's Laws B36 Hooke's Model Law (for similarity)

A70 Hot forming processes )(20

temperature-controlled (heat treatment process) D32

Hot-dip coatings D48, D49 Humid air C24

changes of state C25, C26 table of characteristics C51

HydraIllm process (extrusion) K35 Hydraulic circuits G12, G15-16,

L61 Hydraulic fluids/oils G2

characteristics G2, G18 compressibility G 1

Hydraulic gears, see Gears, hydraulic Hydraulic linear motors, see

Hydrocylinders Hydraulic systems, water G 17 -18 Hydraulic transmissions, see

Transmissions, hydraulic Hydrocylinders LIO Hydrodynamic lubrication slides

L28-30 Hydrodynamics A51

flow C31 Hydromechanical efficiency, pump G5 Hydromotors L9-10 Hydrostatic lubrication slides L30 Hydrostatic transmissions, see

Transmissions, hydraulic Hydrostatics A49-50 Hysteresis loops B56, D6

10 cutoff grinding K57 Ideal mirror body C33 Identification (ID) number, item

E30 IEC recommendations (International

Electrotechnical Commission) E23

II-theorem, Buckingham's A71-72 Impact A39

eccentric A40 normal A39 oblique A40 rotary A40

Impact coefficient A39 Impact tests D 19

on plastics D60 Impetus A29 In-line machines, force calculations

J4 Inclusions, effect on material

properties D8 Incompressible fluids, see Fluids,

incompressible Indentation, elastic H7 Induction heating D31 Inductosyn scale L51-52 Industrial robots, see Robots 1nfiltration alloys D41 Influence coefficient, see Green's

function Influence lines All Informational work, human

response K108 Ingot casting processes K3 Injection moulding K16

plastics D62 Insertion devices, mechanical

handling KIO 1 Inspection and testing, casting

process K15 Insulating materials, heat

conductivity values table C52

Insulation losses, heat exchanger H5

Integral design E 19 Interference fits F24-27 Internal combustion engines C 18 Internal forces Al Interpolation, see Position setpoints,

generation Interrelationships, engineering

systems E2, E4 Intuitive methods, problem-solving

E5 Inviscid fluids A60-63 Ion implantation K86 Iron

aluminium D43 cast D41-43, D92

austenitic D43 gray D42 lamellar-graphite D42 malleable D42 pipes and fitrings H 11-12 spheroidal-graphite (SG) D42 white D42

chromium D43

silicon D43 sintered D41

Iron base materials D26 Iron-carbon diagram D26 Irregulatory factor, flywheel inertia

J2 Irreversibility principle C4, C6 Isentropic changes of state C 14 ISO recommendations (International

Organisation for Standardisation) E23

ISO Standard DP 9283 (industrial robots) L103

ISO thread metric F35-36

force and torque table F181 tables of sizes F179, F180

Isobaric (constant pressure) changes of state C14

Isochorous (constant volume) changes of state C14

Isothermal transformation (heat treatment process) D32

Item numbering systems E30-31

Jager's load curve (bearing stress) B46

Jet cutting F18, K66 machines L54

Jet flow A58-59, C16 impact force A60

Jig boring machines L76 Job distribution K100 Job production control K98-100 Job production planning K%-98 Job schedule K%-98

management K98, K100 strategy KIOO

Joining processes K91-92 see also Bonding; Connections

Jointing forces, flange H9 Joule process (reversible cyclic)

C21 Journals, stress in B8

Kelvin Scale C2 Kepler's Second Law A30 Kienzle's approach

drilling forces K43 machining forces K46

Kinematic pair F157 Kinematic viscosity A53 Kirchoff boundary transverse forces

B54 Kirchoffs Law C33-34 Knee-type frames, machine tool L21 Kutta-Joukowski equation (lift

force) A63, A66

Labour costs E8 Ladder stabiliry A16 Lagrange datum system (fluid

mechanics) C1 Lagrange's equations (dynamics)

A32

Lambert's cosine Law C33 Laminar flow A52-53 Laminating process K 16 Lancaster drive JI0 Landis process (grinding) L91 Langmuir-Blodgett coating process

K86 Laplace potential equation A62 Lapping machines L94

single-wheel L94-95 spherical L97 triple-wheel L96-97 twin-wheel L95-96

Lapping process K56 Laser beam processing

applications K82-83 cutting processes F18, K59-60,

K66 principles K82 suriace hardening D31

Laser chemical vapour deposition (LCVO) K83

Laser cutting tool equipment L54 Laser interferometer L52 Lathes L66

automatic L69 Caxis L71 classification L66 construction L66 copying L67 facing L69 four-axis L71 front-turning L69 heavy-duty L69, L71 multi-spindle L69, L71 numerically controlled L69, L73-

75 single-spindle L69 sliding and screw-cutting L67 special-purpose L 71-72 turret L67 two-spindle L69 universal L67 Y-axis L71

Laval's compression ratio C15, C16 LO converter process (steelmaking)

D27 Lead and lead alloys D47, D111

as alloying element D33 lead bronze D44

Ledeburite D26 Lever Law, see Moment-of­

Momentum Law Lewis number (heat transfer) H28 Lift

aerofoils A66 hydrostatic A50

UGA process (build-up technique)

K89 limit cooling temperature C26 Limit slenderness B45 Limitation method (sample

evaluation) D18 Line motion control L46 Liquid fuels, combustion

characteristics C50 Liquids

ideal A51

inviscid A60-63 Newtonian A51 non-ideal A51 physical properties table C52 pressure distribution A49 viscous A59

Lists, use of £5-6 Lithography processes K87 Ljungstrom-type regenerator H3 Load conditions

fundamental D 1 pressure-thrust D2 redistribution £ 14

Load-time functions Dl Loadbearing capabilities

random loading D14 single stage dynamic loading

D13-14 static loading D 13 under creep conditionss DIS

Logic control L35, L42 Logical functions £2 Long-duration tests D25-26 Loss factors A54-57 Love's stress function B36 Lubricant friction A64 Lubricants

additives D74 choice of, table F185 consistency classes D 120 fIlm thickness D69-70. FI26 greases D75

rolling bearings F85-87. F 188 table F187

oils D72-75 table FI86

SAE viscosity categories D 120 selection £ 18 solid D75

Lubrication aerostatic L30 elastohydrodynamic (EHO) D68-

70 gears FI25-126 hydrodynamic D69, F89 rolling bearings F84-86

MaChinability D24, K38 Machine dynamics J14-16 Machine enclosures, noise reduction

J35 Machine equipment, mechanical

equivalent system J23, J25 Machine noise

generation of J31-35 shielding J31, J35

Machine tools design of L25 frames L21-25 systems function structure LI-2 systems mechanical

characteristics L2-4 thermal characteristics L4

Machine vibrations J14-16 forced J16-21 free JI6 paramter-excited J18 self-excited J18

M. Index 9

Machine-hour rate calculation KI06-107

Machining forces drilling KIlO milling K45-46, KIll table KllO-l11

Machining indices K46 Machining processes

chipless K57 with defined tool edges K35-50 numerically controlled centres

L83-85 steels for D38 without defined tool edges K50-

57 Machining tools, materials for K49 Mach's Similarity Parameters A71 Macrostructure, investigation of D24 Magnesium alloys D46, D107, Dll0 Magnetic fracture testing D25 Magnetic moulding KIO Magnetic properties, steel sheets

D89 Magnetic sensor pulse transmitters

L49 Main technology, manufacturing

processes Kl Maintainability, design for £ 19 Malleable cast iron, weldability F8 Manganese (as alloying element)

D33 Manufacture-orientated design £ 19

casting K12, K14 Manufacturing Automation Protocol

(MAP) LI03 Manufacturing communications

systems L 103 Manufacturing costs £8

cost sheet (MCS) KI06 Manufacturing message specification

(MMS) LI03 Manufacturing systems KlOO-103

flexible L97, KlOZ-J03 function structure L 1-Z mechanical characteristics L2-4 multi-machine L97 process classification KI

Martens thermal dimensional stability D61

Martensite hardening D32 Massive forming L58 Material service life. see Fatigue limit Materials

characteristics D78 costs £8, £9 design values D5-8 features £2 flow characteristics K20 for machining tools K49 selection of D53-54 state for primary shaping K3

Materials handling K92-93 automation of KlOl-102

Materials management, manufacturing processes K98-JOO

Materials testing fundamentals D 17-18

10 IndexeN

Materials testing (cont.) methods 018-26

Mathieu's differential equation A49 Maurer diagram (cast iron

structure) 041 Maximum distortion energy theory

K21 Maxwell medium, see Elastoviscous

substances Maxwell's law A45 Measurement

direct/indirect L48-49 as part of inspection K93

Mechanical eqUivalent systems 111, 121-22

examples 123-5 parameter definition 123 structure definition 122

Mechanical moulding K6 Mechanical work C3 Mechanisms

crank-and-rocker FI66-167 dynamic properties FI66 kinematic analysis FI61-163,

FI65-166 kineostatic analysis FI64 running qualiry F 166 synthesis FI66-168 systematics F157-161 see also Crank mechanisms

Melting curve C13 Membrane stress theory B41, B42 Membranes, vibrationnuss A47 Merkel number R28 Meshed gears L11 Metal cutting kinematics K44-45 Metal etching K86 Metal forming processes

classification K19-20 fundamentals K20-23

Metallic materials, state for shaping K3

MetaUographic investigation methods 023-24

635 method (for problem-solving) E5

Methods time measurement (MTM) K97

MF (plastic) 058 Michaelson interferometer L52 Microminiaturisation KB2 Microstructures

investigation of 024 manufacture of K88

Microtechnology (in manufacturing) KBI-82, K88

MiUing machines L 71, L 79 bed-rype LBO-81 circular operation LB2 copy system LB2 horizontal LBI-82 horizontal plane LBO knee-type L79-80 special-purpose LB2-83 uttiversal LB2

MiUing processes K43-47 guide values for ferrous materials

K112-113

vibrations K46 Modal analysis 113 Modular network, gearing design

L12 Modular parts lists E30 Modular systems E22-23 Modulus of elasticity B4, 05

plastics 060 rypical values 077

Mohr's circle B3, B4 Mohr's failure criterion B6 Mohr's method, beam deflection

B22, B25 Mol (unit symbol) C9 Molecular heat, gases C37 Molecular weight C9 MoUier curves C 12

humid air C24-25 Molybdenum (as aUoying element)

033 Moment of area B12 Moment of displacement Al Moment of impulse, see Angular

momentum equation Moment of inertia

mass A36 rotated axes A34-35

Moment of linear momentum, see Angular momentum

Moment-of-momentum Law A34, A36, A37

Moments Al Momentum equation AZ8, A31

incompressible fluids A60 Momentum Law A31 Motion

of the centroid A30 compound AZ3 in cylindrical helix A22 equations of A37 non-uniformally accelerated AZO particle A19-22 plane AZO-22, AZ4

circular AZ2 in polar coordinates AZI

relative AZ5-27 rigid body A22-27 rolling A36 rotary A34 spatial AZ2, A23, A37-38 spherical AZ4 uniform A19 uniformally accelerated A 19

Motion control machine tool LI robot LI03

Motor control L5-8 Motor-generator welding set L98 Motors

asynchronous L4, L7 d.c. L7-9 hydraulic 68-9 machine tool L4-1O pneumatic 616 slipring L6 squirrel-cage L 5 stepper L9

e1ectrohydraulic L 10

synchronous L6 Moulding processes K4-6

ceramic K7-8 hand K6 high vacuum KB magnetic KIO mechanical K6 plastics 063 shell K7 suction K7 vacuum KB

Moulds, casting K3 Multi-component mixtures,

condensation R24 Multi-degree-of-freedom systems,

vibration A44-47 Multi-machine systems L97 Multi-point machining L69

NatUral frequency A45-46 Navier-Stokes equations A63 Navier's equations (motion) B36 Needle bearings L16 Neutralisation capacity, lubricating

oils 073 Neutralisation number (NZ) 073 Newton-Bertrand similarity law A70 Newton-Euler equations, robot

movement LI02 Newtonian fluids/lubricants 073 Newton's law of shearing stress A49 Newton's laws of motion A28-29,

A30 Newton's similarity law A70 Nibbling machines L53-54 Nibbling process K62 Nickel, weldability F8 Nickel and nickel alloys 047

as alloying element 033 Nikuradse'~ formula A54-55 Niobium (as aUoying element) 033 Nitriding 031-32

steels for 035, 080 Nitro-carburisation 031 No-load voltage, welding L98 Node intersection procedure A12 Nodular graphite cast iron,

weldability F8 Noise 129

airborne 131-33 control regulations L66 damping 131 machine 131-36 shielding 131 spectra 131 structure-borne 130-31

Nominal pressure (PN), piping RIO Nominal size (ON), piping RIO Non-destructive testing 024-25 Non-ferrous metals, physical

characteristics table 0115 see also under specific names

Normalising 030 Norton process (grinding) LB9-90 Notch concept (fatigue life) 06 Notch effect, constructional design

Oll,012

Notch impact bending test D7, D21-22

plastics D60 Notch impact ductility D21 Notch sensitivity factor D12 Notch stress conditions D 11 Notching process K62 Nozzle, drag coefficient A56 NR (natural rubber) D59 Nuclear energy plants, steels for

D40 Number of transfer units (NTIJ)

H28 Numerical control (NC)

basic functions L34, L45-46 data processing L45-46 definition L42-43 of lathes, see Lathes, numerically­

controlled workpiece programming L43

Nusselt number C30, C31, C32 Nusselt's similarity law A71 Nuts, see Bolts and nuts

O-frames, press L57 O-rings H19 Objectives, task E4 Octahedral stress B3 Offenhach system (lathe) L69 Offsets, forming machines L55 Oils

hydraulic, see Hydraulic fluids/oils lubricating, see Lubricants, oil

Oldham coupling F65 Omega method B46 One-degree-of-freedom systems,

vibration A40-44 Open arc welding F2 Open channel flow A58 Operability, design for E19 Operation control, robot L103-104 Operational costing K105-107 Optical diffraction systems L50 Orbital grinders, see Honing

machines, short-stroke Order calculation K99 Organisational plans E5 Oscillating extension test D26 Oscillation

of machine tools L3 pendulum A41 rotary A41

Oscillator A32 Oscillatory signals J16 Oscillatory system block diagram

J11, J14 Oseen formula (fluid resistance)

A64 Oxidisation (as coating) D48-49 Oxygen cutting F 17

Packing rings H20 Packing (stuffing box seals) H 19-20 Pain threshold, noise J30 Painting D49 Pallet storage system 1.85 Parallel key assembly F30-31

Parallelogram of forces A5 Paris equation (crack propagation)

D4 Particle dynamics AI9-22, A28-30

on helical curve A29-30 on inclined plane A29, A30 suspension velocity A65

Parts lists E27, E28 Pascal's law A49 Patenting (heat treatment process)

D32 Patterns, use of in moulding K4, K6 Pearlite D26 Peclet number C30 Peclet's similarity law A71 Pendulum oscillation A31-32, A41 Permanent moulds KIO-12 Petukhov's equation, modified (heat

transfer) C31 PFA (plastic) D57 Phase-frequency response J14 Phenolic resins (PF) D57 Phosphating D49 Photoelectric pulse transmitters L49 Photolithography K87 Physical analysis methods D23 Physical effects E2 Physical operative principle E2 Physical phenomena

investigation of E5 table of properties C52-53

Physical vapour deposition (PVD) D48, K49, K86, K90

Pin-jOinted frames planar AI0 spatial A12

Pinned joints F28 Pipe flow calculations

drag coefficient A56 inviscid liquids A60-63 losses HIO Newtonian liquids A52-59 non-Newtonian liquids A59

Pipes/piping diameter HIO expansion compensators H13 fittings Hl1-13 heat conduction through wall

C27 heat transfer C31-32 materials H 11 standards H 10-11 steels for D40 supports H14

Piston machinery, excitation forces

J19 Pistons FI73-174, F175, F176

movements F169-170 Pitot tube A52 Plain face milling K44-47 Planck's radiation Law C3 Plane stresses B37 Plane surface structures, production

of K87 Planing machines 1.85-86 Planing process K47 Planning systems, computer-based

LI07-108

Pelndex 11

Plastic hinge B56 Plasticity theory B55-58, K23-25 Plastics D54

for bearings F98 chemical characteristics D61 elastomers D58-59 electrical characteristics 061 forming D62, D63-66, K3

calendering K15 characteristics D61-62 compression moulding K16 design D66-67 expanding K16-17 extrusion K15 injection moulding D62, D63,

K16 laminating K16 sheet casting K15 transfer moulding K16

mechanical characteristics D60-61, D116-120

physical characteristics D115-118

structure and properties D54-55 testing D59-62 thermal characteristics 062 types

cellular D58-59 fluorinated D57 foamed D58-59 thermoplastic D55-57 thermosetting D57-58

Plastics parts finishing D67 testing D62

Plate elements, use of FEM B53 Plate shears L52 Plates B39

buckling B48-49 circular B40 elliptical B40 rectangular B39 thermal stresses B41 thickness/die clearance table

K117 triangular B40 under in-plane loads B41

Plating techniques D48 Plywood D53 Pneumatic drives/transmissions G2,

G16-17 graphical symbols G3, G19

Pohlhausen formula (laminar flow) C31

Poinsot's law (gyro setting) A38 Point-ta-point control L46

robot LI03 Poiseuille parabola C31 Poisson's ratio B4, D5 Polar coordinates, plane motion

A21 Polar curve A68 Polhode A25 Polyacetal resins (POMS) D55 Polyacrylate (PMMA) D56 Polyalkylene terephthalates D55 Polyamide (PA) D55 Po1ycarbonate (PC) D55

12 Index. R

Polychloroprene rubbers (CR) D59 Polycrystalline diamond (PCD),

cutting material K50 Polyester resins, unsaturated (UP)

D57 Polyesters, linear (PET PBT) D55 Polyethylene (PE) D56 Polygon of velocities, see Centre of

rotation, instantaneous Polygon-type connections F32 Polyimide (PI) D56 Polymer concrete, uses of L23 Polymers D54 Polyolefins D56 Polyphenyl ether, modified (PPE)

D55 Polyphenyl sulphide (PPS) D56 Polypropylene (PP) D57 Polystyrene (PS) D56

expanded (EPS) D58 Polysulphone (PSU/PES) D56 POlytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) D57

as lubricant D76 Polytropic changes of state C14 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) D57

plasticised (PVC-P) D57 unplasticised (PVC-U) D57

Position control L48-49 fluid transmissions G3 measuring systems for NC

machines L48-52 setpoints generation L46-47

Potential flows A61-62 Potential vortex, see Vortex line flow Pour point, lubricating oils D73 Powder metallurgy D28-29, K17-19

coating K91 for cutting steels K49

Power A28 Power shift gears L11 Power stations, condensers for H26 Power transfer/transmissions, fluid

drives G1, G2-3 Prandtl number C30, C32, C52 Prandtl-Eyring formula A59 Prandtl-Reuss's law (stress/strain)

B57 Prandtl's Similarity Law A71 Prandtl's soap film analogy B31 Precession cone A38 Precision engineering KSl-82

casting K8-9 forming machines L56

Preferred numbers, see Series, preferred numbers

Presses L54, L55-57 flywheel spindle L64-66 hydraulic L60-62

mechanical L55-60 pneumatic L60-62 safety regulations L65-66 screw, see Presses, flywheel

spindle wedge L59

Pressing plastics D63 steels D38

Pressure A49

in container A49 cutoff control G 14 loss of A53 resistance A65

Pressure die casting K11 Pressure welding F4-5 Prestressed shaft-hub connections

F32 Primary functions E2 Primary shaping K2- 3

tools for K3 Prime cost E8 Printing processes KS7 Problem-solving E4

solution evaluation E6-1O solution principles E5-6

Process control L42 Process quality index H4-5 Production control K98-100 Production planning K96-98

computer-aided K98 estimation of costs E8 sequence K100

Production structure E4 Production supervision K100 Production technological tests D24 Profiling machines L83 Program simulations L105-106 Programmable logic controller

(PLC) L41-42 programming L42

Programming procedures L 104-1 06 control systems L34, L36 direct L104 hybrid L105 indirect L 105 off-line Ll05-106

Projection, drawing standard E30 Protective systems E 16 Pulleys

resistance at A18 rope friction A17

Pulsation test, longtime D25 Pulse transmitters, photoelectric L50 Pumps

centrifugal J24-25,J28-29 condensate H27 cooling water H27 gear-type G6 hydraulic G4-5 lift G5 piston G7 port-plate G8 power rating G5 rotary G5 rotary piston G6 screw G6 swashplate G8 tilting-head G8 vane-type G6 variable displacement G7, G14

Punching K62-63, K65 steels for D38

Punching machines, automatic L53 PUR, see Elastomers, polyurethane PVDF (plastic) D57

QUality assurance K103 Quality engineering K103-105

Quality systems K103 Quantity lists E28

Rack-and-Pinion drive L18 Radiation coefficient (heat) C33 Radiation coefficient (noise) J30-

31, J32 Radiation exchange number C34 Radiation process C26, C33-34

effect on material properties D 10 of gas C34

Radius of inertia A36, B13 Random loading, strength

calculations D14 Rapid-traverse gears L15 Ratio, choice of, see Series, preferred

numbers Ratio traction drives, see friction

drives Rationalisation, manufacturing

processes K 1 Rayleigh number (heat transfer)

C32 Rayleigh quotient (buckling) B46 Rayleigh quotient (vibrations) A46 Reactance circuit LIS Reaction equations, combustion C 17 Reaction foams (RSG) D58-59 Reciprocating machines

multi-cylinder force calculations J4 moment of inertia J4

torque fluctuations Jl-3 Rectangular thread Al 7 Recuperators, thermodynamic

design Hl-3 Recycling, design for E 19 Redesign process E 13 Reduced mass A36 Redundancy principle E16 Reference surface/profile E24 Refrigeration process C 19

compression C22 Regenerators, thermodynamic

design H3-4 Regression analysis, cost estimation

using E9 Reinforcing overall effect E 14 Relative costs E9 Relative humidity C24 Relative motion A39 Relaxation, creep B56 Relaxation test D25 Relay, see Contactor Reliability prinCiples E15-16 Remelt coating, laser beam K83 Requirements list, design E 10-11 Resistance

rolling A18 tractive A 18

Resistance fusion welding F4 Resistance pressure Welding F4 Resistance welding machines, see

Welding machines, resistance

Resonance A42-43, E17 design for avoidance E 17 engine compensation J9-1O

Response functions, frequency J13-14

Reverse side machining L 71 Reversible changes of state C4 Reversible processes C6 Reynolds numbers A53, A63, C30 Reynolds similarity law A70, A71 Rheopexy D73

liquids A59 Rheostatic control, motor L 10 Ribbing, rigidity requirement L23 Rigid body dynamics A33-38

acceleration A37 general plane motion A36 main axes A..~4

moment of inertia A34 plane motion A36-37 rotation about a fIXed axis A33 straight-line motion A28-30 systems AIO

Rings, rotating B43 Ritter's Method of Sections All Ritz fortnula (vibrations) A46 Ritz fortnulation (buckling) B49 Riveted joints F33-34 Robots

accuracy characteristics L 102 applications and selection K102-

103, Ll07-IOB components LIOI-I02 control systems L102- 104 dynamic model LI02 kinematic model LI02 programming LI04-106

Rocket drive equation A33 Rockwell hardness test D21 Rod transposition process All Roller bearings, see Bearings, roller Roller milling machines L82 Roller slideways L30-31 Rolling motion

inclined plane A36 resistance A 18

Rope friction Al7 -18 Rotary slotting machines L82 Rotating components

centrifugal stresses B43-44 slide crank A27

Rotating tube, motion in A26, A39 Rotation

law of motion A34 rigid-body A22

about a point A24 plane representation A23 vectorial representation A22

Rotors balancing JI5 motor L9 shaft mechanical equivalent

system J23, J28 Rotscher cones F38 Roughness, tube A54 Roughness values, surface E24-25

Roulette A25 Rubber D58-59

bearings F98 properties F59, F61 springs, see Springs, rubber

S AE viscosity categories D 120 Safe-life principle EI6 Safety factors

strength calculations D 16 thertnal apparatus H5-6

Safety principles E15-16 buckling B45 design for EI8

Safety regulations/standards E24 automation system L37 health KI08 laser cutting K60 press working L65-66

Safety stress, see Stress, permissible Safety valve HI6 Saint-Yenant's theory (warping)

B30 Sampling methods, cast metals DI7 Saturation, vapour C 10 Sawing machines L87-89 Sawing processes K48-49 Scale factors A69 Screen printing K87 Screw motion F35 Screw thread grinding L92 Screwed connections, piping H12 Screws AI7 Seals HI8

bearing F98 dynamic contact H19-20 rolling bearings FS8-S9 rotating mechanical H20 static contact H18-19

Seamiess tube steels D36-3 7 Second moment of area, beam

bending B13-14 Secondary functions E2 Section tables, pipes and rolled

sections B59-75 Sectionalised machining L69 Seiliger process J I Selection procedure, solution E6 Self-help principle, system E14 Self-locking

epicyclic gears F147-149 screws AI7

Semi-finished products, manufacturing K3

Semi-infinite bodies, heat transfer C28-29

Semi-similar series E21 Sensor data processing L 103 Sequence control systems L35

cascade representation L42 robot Ll03

Series, preferred numbers E20-21, E24

Service life experimental determination D 15 prediction D 15 rolling bearings F83

Servodrives L5 Servohydraulics L40

Servomotor L5 Severing processes

classification K61-62 forces and energies K63-64 technology K62-63

Seindex 13

tools K64 workpiece properties K64

Shaft-based fit systems E25 Shafts

critical speed A43-44, A45 torsional buckling B47

Shaping machines L85-86 Shaping process K47

primary K2-3 Shaving (gear finishing) K74-75 Shear centre B 18 Shear stability, lubricating oils D73 Shear stress B I

defortnation B25-26 distribution B 16-19

in fasteners BI8 forces BS, BI6 transverse B7

Shearing machines L52-53 Sheet cutting, laser beam K83 Sheet fonning

metal L59, L61 superplastic K31

Shell elements, use of FEM B52,

B53 Shell moulding K7 Shells B41-42

bending rigid B42 buckling B49-50 under internal pressure B42

Sherardisation D32 Short-circuits, shaft-loading by J21 Siemens-Martin process

(steelmaking) D27 Silencers J34 Silicon (as alloying element) D33 Silicon technology K88-89

anisotropic etching K88 Silicone rubbers (YOM) D59 Siliconising D32 Similarity mechanics A69-72, E20

cost estimation using E9- 10 thermal A71

Sintered materials D41, D91 aluminium alloys D46 metal bearings F98

Sintering process K3, K17, K18-19 fluidised bed K91

635 method (for problem-solving) E5

Size effect, constructional design Dll, DI2

Skin packing method D65 Skull (extrusion product) K34 Slider-crank mechanisms Ll4

press L57, L58 Slideways L26-31 Sliding pairs, oil-lubricated D69 Sliding-gear transmission units Lli Slip couplings L20 Slitting K62 Slotting/grooving machines L82,

L85-S6 automatic L53

Smelting process, steelmaking D26-28

Smith creep-strength diagram D6, D9, D76

14 Index. S

Soldering FI8-20 equipment for LIOO soft FI9

Solid body ftlling, flow through A57 Solid fuels, combustion

characteristics C50 Solid lubricants, see Lubricants, solid Solids

caloric properties C12-13 heat conductivity values table

C52 physical properties table C53

Solution heat treatment D30 Solutions, evaluation procedures

E6-1O Sommerfeld coefficient

(hydrodynarrricioad capacity) F90

Sound,.velocity of CI6 Sound errrission analysis D25 Sound-deadening measures J34-36 Soundproof boxes J36 Space frames AI2 Spacecraft, steels for D40 Spark ignition engine CI8 Special-purpose machines, mass

production L97 Specific heat capacity CII

of air C36 measuring C 13

Spectral analysis method D23 Speed flow diagram, gearing design

Ll2 Spheres, thick-wall B43 Spindle bearings L16-18 Splined joints F31-32 Spot Welding units L99 Spray coatings D48 Spring characteristic, linear A40 Spring force, work A28 Spring rate A41 Spring steel, see Steel, spring Spring-back, elastic K30 Spring-mass system A40-41 Springs F50-51

fibre composite F62-63 gas (air) F63-64 helical F57 -59 leaf F53-54 metal F51-59 ring F53 rubber F59, F61-62 spiral F54-55

Sputtering K86 Square-threaded screw AI7 Stability A7, EI6-17

design for E 16 floating bodies A50

Stainless steel, see Steel, stainless Staircase method (sample

evaluation) D 18 Standardisation process E23-24 Standards

basic E24-25 European E23 German, see DIN Standards industrial E24 international E23

sources of E23-24 use of E24

Stanton number C30 State variables tables

ammonia C43 carbon dioxide C34 difluorodicWoromethane C46 difluoromonochloromethane c47 monofluorotricWoromethane C45 water and steam C40-42

Static loading, strength calculations DI3

Static rigidity, machine tool L3 Static similarity A69-70 Statically determinate systems AIO Statically indeterminate systems

AIO, B32-33 annular beams B35 annular frames B35 closed rectangular frame B34 constrained frame B34 continuous beams B33-34 double jointed frame B34 frame with serrri-circular curves

B35-36 projecting frame B34

Statistical process control (SPC) KI04

Steady state processes C4-5 Steam

superheated H24 heat transfer H24

Steam power plant C21 use of condensers H24

Steam table C38-39, C40-42 Steam trap HI6 Steel

alloying elements in 033 boiler-plate D36 case-hardening D80 cast D28, D40-41, D90

heat-resisting D40-41, D90 wear-resisting D41

cryogenic, see Steel, low­temperature

designation/classification D32-33 forged D33

peariitic D34 free-cutting D35-36 heat-resisting D37, D81, D82,

D83 high-alloy D33 high-temperature D36-37 low-alloy D33 low-temperature D38, D81 magnetic D90 maraging D35 nitriding D35, D80 non-ageing D34 pressurised-hydrogen-resisting

D37 rolled D33 sintered D41 spring D39, D87-89 stainless D36, D81 structural D34, D79

special D34 weatherproof D34

weldable D34 tool D38, D39, D84

Steel pipes/tubes HIO connections Hll-12

Steel-Iron Test Sheet 1570-1 D8 Steelmaking processes D26-29

effect on material properties D8 Stefan-Boltzmann Law (radiation)

C33 Steiner's Principles (parallel axes)

A35-36, B13 Stephan & Preusser formula

(evaporation pressure) C33 Stephan formula (Iarrrinar flow) C31 Stepless drives L13, LI4 Stepper motors, see Motors, stepper Stereo lithography KB3 Stock management KlOO Stock-keeping policy K98-99 Stokes resistance formula A64 Stoneware D50 Strain B3-4 Strain energy B4, B26 Strain-time functions DI Stream ftJament A 51 Stream tube A51 Streamline A51 Strength properties

annealing steels D78 dynarrric DI2 evaluation of D17-18 static Dll typical values D79

Strength theories D4 Stress BI

alternating conditions D3-4 axisymmetric B36-37 bending, see Bending stress combined, see Combined stresses contact B8 continuous conditions D2-3 distribution of B5 internal conditions D2 one-dimensional Bl perrrrissible B4-5 plane B37 residual B 56 static conditions D5 three-dimensional (spatial) B2 two-dimensional (plane) B 1-2 see also Bar stress

Stress crack corrosion E18 Stress dynarrric conditions D5-6 Stress failure criterion

maximum principle B6 maximum shear strain energy B6 maximum shear (Tresca) B6 Mohr's B6

Stress relief, heat treatment D30 Stress-orientated design, casting

K13, K14 Stress-tupture test D25 Stress-strain diagrams, closed, see

Hysteresis loops Stress-strain laws, plastic theory

B58-59 Stress-time functions DI Stretch forrrring K28

Stribeck curve (friction state) 069, F89

Strings, vibrations A47 Strip model, plasticity theory K24 Strip shears L52 Strip and wire rod casting process

K4 Stripping strength, thread F 44 Structural parts lists E28, E30 Strutt's map (vibrations) A49 Styrene acrylonitrile copolymer

(SAN) 056 Styrene butadiene rubbers (SBR)

059 Sryrene butadiene (SB) 056 Subfunctions E2 Sublimation curve C 13 Subsystems E 1 Suction moulding K7 Sulphur (as alloying element) 033 Superfinishing machine, see Honing

machines, short-stroke Superhoning machines, see Honing

machines, short-stroke Superplastic forming K31 Support, types of A 7 Support reactions

planar A7-9 spatial A9

Surface coating processes K90-91 Surface conditions, effect on material

properties 09-10 Surface equation A30 Surface pressure B38-39, 010, 069

table FlBO Surface roughness, see Roughness

values, surface Surface tension A49 Surfaces, engineeting, see

Engineering surfaces Swiss system (lathe) L69 Swivel mechanisms, press L59 Synchro-resolvers L51, L101-102 Synchronisation faults, shaft-loading

by J21 Synthesis process (for problem-

solving) E4-5 System programs L36, L42 Systematic approach E4-1O Systems

composition E1 coupling El elements El state of Cl

Tantalum (as alloying element)

033 Taper-pinned joints F28 Tapping (spiral drilling) K68 Tasks, division of E 14 Taylor function (tool life) K41 Technical work C4 Techn<H!conomic evaluation E7 Technotronics L34 Teleoperators K101 Temperature

conductivity C28 effect on material properties 010

equalisation C29-30 mixing Cn

Temperature profile C29-30 Temperature scales C2-3

international practical C3, C34 Tempering treatment 030

steels for 035 Ten-point height E25 Tensile test method 018-19

hot 019 for plastics 060

Tension bars (spring) F52 Testing

materials, see Materials testing as part of inspection K93 of plastic parts, see Plastic parts,

testing quality system KI04-105

Tetmajer's method (inelastic buckling) B46

Thermal apparatus, design of HI-4, H5

Thermal deburring K61 Thermal efficiency, engines C18-19 Thermal inverse mixing H5 Thermal machining K57 Thermal power plants C20-22 Thermal resistance C26, C27 Thermal state variables C9-1O Thermoana!ysis 024 Thermochemical treatments 031 Thermodynamic temperature scale,

see Kelvin Scale Thermodynamics

First Law of C3-5 processes C 1, C2 Second Law of c6-7

Thermomechanical treatments 032, K57, K61

Thermometer C2 fixed points C3

Thermoplastic foams (TSG) 058, 064

Thermoplastics 054, 055-57 aggregation state K3 hot fonning 064-65

Thermosets, see Thermosetting plastics

Thermosetting plastics 054, 057-58

aggregation state K3 Thermosymmetrical construction,

machine tool L4 Thixotropy 073

liquids A59 Thomas process (steelmaking) 027 Thread locking devices F46-47 Thread production

chasing K67 die cutting K67 EDM K69 forming K70 grinding K69 milling K68 pressing K70 rolling K69 tapping K68 turning K67

Telndex 15

whirling K68 Thread run-out F45 Thread-cutting milling machines L82 Threads

fatigue loading F45 types F35-36

Three-jaw chuck L67 1bree-jointed arch AIO Three-pole theorem (kinematics)

FI60 Threshold strength 06 Throttle devices, drag coefficient

A56 Throttling, flow C5 Thyristor drives L14 Tightening procedures (bolted

connections) F38-40 Timber, see Wood Time characteristics, forming

machines L56 Time management

control L34 job schedule K97 manufacturing processes Kl00

Tin and tin alloys 047, 0111 tin bronze 044,0101-102 tin-lead-bronze 0103

Titanium alloys 033, 046-47, 0110 Tolerances, see Fits and tolerances TOOl handling

automated K102 carrier L1 change time L84 magazines/changers L83-85 systems LI0l

Tool life K41 Tool steel, see Steel, tool Tooth accuracy, gears F124-125 Tooth profiles, gears F118-119 Torque, work A28 Torque fluctuations, reciprocating

machines JI-3 Torsion

arbitrary cross section bars B30 circular bars B27-28 thin-walled rubes B28, B30 with warping constraints B31

Torsion bar springs F56-57 Torsion limit 05 Torsional oscillations, examples

J25-29 Total base number (TBN),

lubricating oils 073 Tough materials, stress distribution

B5 TPE, see Elastomers,

thermoplastically processable

Tracer control L38-39 Tractive resistance A18 Trajectory, particle A19, A20-21 Transfer functions F161 Transfer law A69 Transfer lines

automated KI02 mass production L96

Transfer moulding K16 Transformation operations E 1

16IndexeW

Translation, rigid-body A22 Transmission angle, kinematics Fl66 Transmission components, machine

tool Ll Transmission electron microscopy

D24 Transmission ratio, gears F117 Transmission units LI1-15

gearing L12 Transmissions

geared, see Geared transmissions hydraulic GI-2, G4-9, L30-40

graphical symbols G3, G 19 operation G12-l3

pneumatic, see Pneumatic transmissions

TranSmitted-light optical diffraction systems L50

Trapezoidal threads AI7 Tresca failure criterion B6 Tresca flow conditions B56 Tresca's shear stress hypothesis K21 Triangular threads AI7 Tribology D67, EI8

system characteristics D71-72 Trinuning K62 Triple point CIO, Cl3 TSG (plastic) D58 Tube plates H7 Tubes

bends B42 use of FEM B53

friction in A53-55 model plasticiry theory K25 steels for D40 under internal pressure H6

Tungsten (as alloying element) D33 Turbo-generator, mechanical

equivalent system 123-24, 126-28

Turbosystem, vibrations 126 Turbulent rum flow, bearings F92 Turbulent flow A52-53 Turning centre L 71

flexible L71, L77 Turning mills L71 Turning process K38-41 Turret drilling machines L 76 Turrets (tool carriers) L67, L68 TOY (Technical Monitoring

Associations) regulations E18, E24

U-bending (metal fomting) K30 UF (plastic) D58 Ultrasonic processing

applications K84-85 principles K84 testing D25

Universal joint F65 Unsteady state processes C5 UP (plastic) D58 Upsetting process K32

cylindrical parts K25 square parts K25

User programs L36, L42 generation of LI04-106

User safery, see Safery regulations/standards

V-belt drives, see Belt drives, V­V-bending (metal fomting) K30 V-scanner, digital absolute measuring

systems L51 Vacuum fomting, thermoplastics

D64-65 Vacuum metallising K86 Vacuum moulding K8 Vacuum-pouring technique D28 Value analysis E7, EIO Valves

control H14-18 directional control G9, G 1 0 drag coefficient A56 flap HI8 flow control GIl gate H17 hydrauliC G9-11 materials for D39 pneumatic GI6-17 pressure control G 1 0-11 proportional Gil rotary gate H 17 seat G9 shutoff, see Valves, control shuttle GIO slide GIO throttle GIl types H15-17

Vanadium (as alloying element) D33

Vapour depOSition, electron beam K84

Vapour pressure curve CIO, C12, C13

Vapour Tables CI2 Vapour-jet air ejectors H26-27 Vapour-liquid critical properties

C35 Vapours CIO

caloric properties C II mixture with gases C24

Variable mass systems A33 Variant design El3

value concept E8 VDE (Association of German

Electrical Engineers) regulations E24

VDI (Association of German Engineers) guidelines E24

Velociry of sound C 16 Venturi tube A52 Vertical boring mills L71 Vessels, flow from A57-58 Vibration isolation, see Anti-vibration

mountings Vibration model, see Mechanical

equivalent system Vibration reduction F66-67 Vibrations

extensional A46 flexural A45-46,128-29 forced 126,127,129 forced damped A43, A45 forced undamped A42, A44

free damped A42, A44 free undamped A40-42, A44 machine 110-11

fundamentals 111-14 problems 114-16

membrane A47 milling process K46 non-linear A48 parametrically excited A48 plates A47 representation in frequency­

domain 117 representation in time-domain

116 string A47 torsional A46

Vickers hardness test D21 Vincent friction screw press L65 Virial coefficients C9 Virtual work principle A6, A29,

B26-27 Viscoelasticiry theory B56 Viscosiry

hydraulic fluids/oils G2, G18 lubricating oils D73-74, D119,

D120 Viscosiry index D73 Viscous flow A52-59 Volume strain B4 Volumetric work C3-4 VOM, see Silicone rubbers von Mises's failure criterion B6 von Mises's flow conditions B57 Vortex lines A61, A62 Vortex tubes A61 Vulcanisation D59

Wall, conduction through C26-27

Ward-Leonard speed control system LB, LI4

Warping, twisted bar B30 Washers F37 Waste heat utilization HI Water content, humid air C24 Water hydraulic systems G17-18 Water torches L54 Water-jet air pumps H26 Wave soldering LlOO WCfFE (plastic) D57 Wear process D5, D68, D70

design to limit E18 during milling K47 resistance tests D24 systems analysis D71-72 rypes of K37

Wear safery, plain bearings F90 Weathering tests, of plastics D62 Weber's similariry law A 71 Wedge friction A16-17 Wehnelt cylinder K83 Weld joints F9-11

safe loads Fl3-16 strength calculations Fll-13

Weld positioning F6 Weldabiliry F5-6 Welded connections, piping HI2 Welding current L98

Welding current (cont.)

electronic sources L98 Welding duty cycle L98 Welding guns Ll00 Welding machines

arc L97-98 butt L99 projection L99 resistance L99-100 seam L99 spot L98, L99 three-phase LI 00

Welding processes F 1-S graphical symbolS Fll, F176 laser beam K83 plastic materials D6S reliability F6-8 rules and standards table F 177-

178 Welding rectifiers L98 Welding transformers L98 Whitworth thread F36 Wildhaber-Novikov gears F124 Wind pressures, on buildingS A6S Wire drawing, plasticity theory

K25-26

Wohler curves (fatigue endurance) DIS, D2S

Wood DS2 permitted loads D 113 protection of D52 strength characteristics D 113

Wood-based materials D53 Woodruff keys F30-31 Work A27, <:3

displacement <:4 of dissipation <:4 force of gravity A28 frictional force A28 spring force A28 technical <:4 torque A28 total A28

Work factor K97 Work Law A30, A34 Work-hardening K20 Working environment K108 Working space, machine tool Ll Workpiece embodiment design E19 Workpiece handling

automated KI02 carrier Ll

Z • Index 17

Workplace design K107-108 Worm gear cutting K77-78 Worm-rack gearing LI8

X-ray fluorescence analysis method D23

X-ray lithography K87 X-ray test procedures D2S

V ield strength, see Flow stress Yield stress, test methods for

determining D20

Zero-flow control G 14 Zero-order transfer function F161 Zeroth main law of thermodynamiCS

<:2 Zinc and zinc alloys D47, DIll Zweifel's cascade results A68-69