Index

Agronomists (Nongjia), 36, 54 Aleni, Giulio, 13 Arcade Huang, 8 Aristotle, 18, 20, 340–41

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 24–25 Ban Gu, 34, 78, 82, 91, 194 Bouvet, Joachim, 10, 19–20 Brucker, Johann Jakob, 7, 8, 10–11

Chen Xiang, 36–39 Chong Yu, 163 Chuci (Songs of the South): 190, 209,

221–22, 229, 237, 245, 253, 277, 303; “Lisao” (“Encountering Sorrow”) 185, 189–92, 195, 222–23, 245, 249, 253

Chuci houyu (Later Works from the Chu Tradition), 192

Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn An-nals), 60, 63–64, 76, 83–84, 90, 92, 127, 158–62, 183–84, 205

Chunyu Kun, 85 Cicero, 2, 202, 333 Confucian texts, 1, 8, 50, 214, 232, 272

Confucians (Rujia or Ruzhe): 54, 93, 97, 99, 117, 127, 130, 281; in Zhuangzi 238–39, 254–55, 261, 263, 271–73; in Han Feizi 281, 303–304, 307–308, 311, 322, 324, 328; in Xunzi 42, 45–46, 52, 195, 206, 238; in Sima Qian’s biographies 65–66, 89; in Mozi 34–35, 41, 44; in Mencius 39, 41; in Laozi 208, 221; and Wang Chong 82, 89; as Han dynasty school label 23, 53, 58, 77

Confucius (Kongzi): and the devel-opment of Masters Literature, 1, 33–38 passim, 45–46, 56, 59–76 passim, 83–86 passim, 330; and the translation of disciplines, 1–11 pas-sim, 14, 21, 25–30 passim; and Mozi, 128, 130, 135–37, 141, 150; and Men-cius, 145, 153, 156–67, 174–75, 177–79, 206, 327–28; and Xunzi, 190, 198, 205–6, 226–29 passim, 327–28; and Laozi, 207–8, 218, 224, 328; and Zhuangzi, 254–56, 259–65 pas-sim, 268–69, 328; and Han Feizi, 280, 309, 328; and alternative

366 Index

communities, 99–103; and scenes of instruction, 90–99; body of, 113–26; and authorship, 183–84

Confucius, Sinarum Philosophus sive Scientia Sinica latine exposita (Confucius, the Chinese Philosopher or: Chinese Science Explained in Latin), 5

Corpus Hermeticum, 10

Daodejing (Classic of the Way and Virtue), 207, 209

Daoists (Daojia), 53–54, 58, 72, 77, 138, 229, 233, 262, 288, 300

Daoshu (“Pivot of the Way”), 48, 240, 244, 260

de Guignes Joseph, 8–10 De oratore (On the Orator), 2 de Prémare, Joseph, 8, 10, 19, 20 Do-Nothing-Say-Nothing (Wuwei-

wei), 251, 253 Duke Huan of Qi, 159, 308 Duke of Zhou, 38, 82–83, 114, 162, 195 Duke Wen of Jin, 159

Emperor Jing of the Han dynasty, 208 Emperor Tang, 142, 155, 227, 249, 254 Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty, 78,

90–91, 129 Emperor Yao, 38, 114, 118, 160, 164–65,

197, 270–71 Erya, 15

Fabulists. See Storytellers Fingarette, Herbert, 95–96, 124–25 Former Kings (xianwang), 42, 99, 168,

172, 299, 306–7, 311–12 Four Books, 4–5, 145, 153 Fourmont, Etienne, 8 Fu Xi, 10–11, 86–87

Gaozi, 154, 175–78, 224 Gongsun Longzi, 42, 241–42, 273;

“Baima lun” (“Discussion on the White Horse”), 241; “Zhi wu lun” (“Discussion on Pointers and Things”), 241; “Tong bian lun” (“Discussion on Continuity and Change”), 241; “Jian bai lun” (“Discussion on Hard and White”), 241; “Ming shi lun” (“Discussion on Names and Reali-ties”), 241

Gongxi Hua, 101–2, 110 Guan Yin, 50, 70, 264 Guanzi, 228, 245, 288, 306; “Neiye”

(“Inner workings”), 228, 245; “Xing shi jie” (“Explanation of ‘On Conditions and Circumstances’”), 288

Guo Moruo, 129, 283 Guwen (old-style prose), 33

Han Feizi (and Han Feizi): 3, 18, 21, 28–30, 33, 62, 70–76, 84–85, 89, 116, 128–29, 173, 180, 185, 214, 266, 279–329; “Shui nan” (“Difficulties of Persuasion”), 71, 282–83, 301, 312, 315; “Zhu dao” (“The Way of the Ruler”), 285, 287, 288, 291–92; “Jie Lao” (“Interpretations of Laozi”), 288–310; “Liu fan” (“Six Offenders”), 302; “Ba shuo” (“Eight Persuasions”), 303; “Wu du” (“Five Vermin”), 303, 322; “Nan yan” (“Difficulty Speaking”), 312–14; “Shuolin” (Forest of Per-suasion), 320–21; “Chushuo” (“Repository of Persuasions”), 320; “Yu Lao” (“Illustrating Laozi”) 288, 308, 324

Index 367

Han Yu, 153 Hanshu (Book of Han): 53, 57–61

passim, 78, 97, 183–84, 192–94 passim; “Yiwenzhi” (“Biblio-graphical Treatise”), 45, 53, 57–61 passim, 78–79, 91, 97, 183, 192

Heaven, 27, 83, 182–83, 224, 233, 283, 297, 330; in Zhuangzi 238–49 pas-sim, 254–60, 264, 268–75 passim, 308; in Mozi 134–36, 145–49, 181; in Mencius 163–65, 172, 187; and Confucius 62, 98–99, 112–13; “All Under Heaven” (Zhuangzi) 47– 53, 58, 88, 265, 311; Son of Heaven 75, 122, 145–46, 214

Historia critica philosophiae (Critical History of Philosophy), 7, 11

Hu Shi, 15–16, 129 Huainanzi, 22, 74, 116, 182, 190 Huang Lao, 233, 288

Intorcetta, Prosper, 6

Jaspers, Karl, 25–26 Jixia Academy, 45, 50, 53, 73–77 pas-

sim

King Hui of Liang, 74, 75, 169 King Xuan of Qi, 73–74, 167, 170 Kong Fu, 113, 118 Kongcongzi (Collected Works of the

Kong Family), 90, 113–17 passim Kongzi jiayu (Family Conversations

of Confucius), 90, 114–17

Laolaizi, 70 Laozi (figure of ), 3, 9, 14, 30, 33, 48,

50, 62, 113, 233, 268, 260–65 Laozi: 19, 27, 30–31, 67, 89, 124, 131,

173, 180, 207–30, 301, 323, 326, 328;

in Sima Qian, 70–77; in Zhuangzi, 231–34 passim, 238, 247, 252, 256, 261–65, 272–73, 277; in Han Feizi, 283–300 passim, 307–8, 324

Legalists (Fajia), 18, 23, 27, 54, 58–59, 72–74, 77, 281, 283, 288, 294

Li Dan, 70 Li Si, 71–72, 84–85, 201, 279 Liang Qichao, 14–15, 129 Liji (Record of Rites), 90, 102, 115–16,

145, 226 Liu An, 74, 266 Liu Xiang, 23, 53–54, 77–78, 188, 190 Liu Xie, 12, 132, 330 Liu Xizai, 12–14, 21–22 Logicians (Mingjia), 23, 51, 58, 77, 203,

238, 241, 273, 322 Lü Buwei, 182–85 passim Lu Jia, 83, 132, 192, 194 Lunheng (Balanced Discourses), 80, 84,

86–87; “Countering [Allegations Regarding] Literary Creation” (“Dui zuo”), 86

Lüshi chunqiu (The Spring and Au-tumn Annals of Mister Lü), 21, 150, 182, 185, 320

Malebranche, Nicolas, 6 Master Mynah (Ququezi), 243–44,

257 Master Tallbeech, 243–44, 257, 260 Masters Literature. See Masters Texts Masters Texts (zishu, zhuzi baijia), 3,

12–15, 19, 21–38 passim, 56–57, 59, 71, 76–77, 85, 88–89, 326–31, 338–39, 343–46

Matching of form and name (xing-ming), 48, 54, 77, 309

Matsumoto Bunzaburō, 12–15 Matteo Ricci, 4, 6, 8, 316

368 Index

Mencius (and Mengzi): 3, 5, 14, 19, 21, 27, 30, 33, 36, 42, 97, 114, 117, 127, 130, 153–79, 224, 234, 265, 302, 309, 327–28, 331; and the development of Masters Literature, 36–45 pas-sim, 52, 62, 64, 66, 84, 87, 89, 92; and Xunzi, 186–87, 200, 202, 205–6; biography by Sima Qian, 73–76

Michele Ruggieri, 4 Miscellaneous School. See Syncretists Mo Di. See Mozi Mohists (Mojia or Mozhe): 128–33

passim, 151, 327–28; as a Han dynasty school label, 23, 54, 58, 77, 238; in opposition to Confucius, 34–36; 118, 160; and Mencius, 39–41, 160, 162, 177, 206; and Xunzi, 41, 46, 50, 191; and Laozi 219, 221; and Zhuang- zi, 239, 254–55; and Han Feizi, 21, 23, 30, 34–36, 39–41, 45–47, 50, 54, 58, 77, 118, 128–33 passim, 135, 139, 140–46, 149, 151, 160, 162, 179, 186, 191, 202–6, 219, 221, 229, 233, 238–39, 254–5, 281, 285, 312, 327–28

Mozi (and Mozi), 3, 21, 27, 30, 41–45 passim, 49–52 passim, 73–74, 89, 116, 127–52, 155, 181, 186, 203– 205, 219, 227, 237, 261, 281, 327; “Fei Ru” (“Against Confucians”), 34–36; “Fei gong” (“Against Of-fensive War”), 34; “Fei yue” (“Against Music”), 34, 49; “Fei ming” (“Against Fatalism”), 34; “Ci guo” (“Renouncing Excess”), 131; “Tianzhi shang” (“Will of Heaven Part I”), 135–36, 181; “Jiezang xia” (“On Reducing Fu-neral Expenditures Part III”), 143;

“Shang tong” (“Agreeing With Superiors”), 147–48; “Suo ran” (“On Dyeing”), 149

Names School. See Logicians Neoconfucianism (Song), 33 Neoplatonism, 18 New Confucians, 334

Peng Xian, 190 Persuaders (Zonghengjia), 54, 65–69,

76, 137, 160, 168, 199, 200, 238, 266, 282, 284, 301–3, 306, 316–19

Plato, 1–2, 14, 154, 333, 340

Qian Mu, 77 Qu Yuan, 185, 189–94 passim, 222–23,

245, 253

Ran You, 101–2 Roman Republic, 2 Ruists. See Confucians

Sage Kings, 132–35 passim, 141–42, 161, 187–88, 199

Schweitzer, Albert, 27–28 Shang Yang, 281, 285, 305, 306, 311 Shangjunshu (Book of Lord Shang),

306 Shen Buhai, 70, 72, 281, 286 Shen Dao, 42, 50, 73–74, 281 Shi Yu, 272 Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian):

15, 29, 33–34, 42, 61–67 passim, 73–77 passim, 84–88 passim, 158, 184, 279; “Hereditary Houses” (shijia), 62, 65

Shijing (Book of Poetry, also Classic of Poetry), 60, 74, 87, 90, 108, 115, 118,

Index 369

150, 156, 158, 164–67, 173, 184–85, 199, 209, 222, 226, 247, 288, 313

Shina tetsugaku shi (History of Chinese Philosophy), 12–15

Shujing (Book of Documents), 10, 15, 39, 90, 92, 142, 156, 164, 199, 313

Shun 38, 45, 114, 118, 150, 160, 164–66, 191, 253–54

Shuoyuan (Garden of Stories), 90–91 Shushan No-Toes, 269–71 Sima Qian: 29, 33, 47, 56–57, 61–

78 passim, 83–86 passim, 114, 118, 158–59, 184–85, 208, 282, 288, 320; Letter to Ren An, 62, 184

Sima Tan, 26–27, 45, 49, 54, 58, 61–62, 72, 76–77, 88

Sir Knowledge, 251–56 Six Schools or Six Experts (Liujia),

26–27, 33, 45, 54, 58, 61, 72, 75–76 Socrates 2, 15 sophists, 1, 42, 52, 238, 242–43, 265 Spinoza, 6 Storytellers (Xiaoshuojia), 54, 60, 238,

248–50 Su Qin, 67–70 Syncretists (Zajia), 23, 54, 234 Tangqi Gong, 310–11 Tian Pian, 42, 50, 73–74 Tugh Temür, Emperor Wenzong of

the Yuan Dynasty, 153 Tuo Xiao, 42–45 passim Wang Chong, 29, 33–34, 78–89, 129,

182, 330 Wang Su, 114, 116 Way (Dao), 10, 12, 16, 48, 76, 88–89,

223–8 passim, 285, 308, 330–1 Wei Mou, 42–45 passim

Wenxin diaolong (The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons), 12, 132

Wenxuan (Literary Selections), 132 Wild-and-Witless (Kuangqu), 251–53,

256 Windelband, Wilhelm, 16 Wu Zixu, 190 Xiao Tong, 132 Xiaojing (Classic of Filial Piety), 65, 91,

106, 158 Xie Wuliang, 15 Xing zi ming chu (“human nature

stems from heavenly decree”), 224–29

Xinyu (“New Words”), 132 Xu Xing, 36–37 Xu You, 270–71 Xunzi (and Xunzi): 3, 18, 21, 28, 30, 33,

41–49 passim, 52–53, 57–58, 62, 71, 81, 88–89, 99, 114, 154, 180–206, 265–66, 326–31 passim; biography by Sima Qian, 73–76; and Mozi 133, 137–38; and Laozi, 213, 215, 224–29 passim; and Han Feizi 279, 283, 285, 311, 320; “Fu” (“Rhapso-dies”), 18, 185, 188–95; “Cheng-

xiang” (“Working Songs”), 18, 185, 188–92, 195; “ Feixiang“ (“Contra Physiognomy”), 18, 185, 188–92, 195; “Xing e” (“Human Nature Is Evil”), 154, 185–88, 195, 205

Yan Hui, 94, 102–103, 111, 254–55 Yang Xiong, 83, 86, 192, 282, 301; “Jie

chao” (“Resolving Ridicule”), 86 Yang Zhu, 36, 41, 155, 160–61, 234, 265 Yellow Emperor, 16, 19, 182–83, 251–

56 passim, 270, 288, 304

370 Index

Yi Erzi, 270–71 Yigai (Outline of Art): 12; “Wengai”

(“Outline of Prose”) 12–14 Yijing (Book of Changes, also Classic of

Changes), 10, 19, 59, 60, 72, 86, 90, 184

Yinyang school (Yinyangjia) 23, 53–54, 58, 233

You Ruo, 67, 105 Yu, Emperor, 162 Zeng Xi, 101–3, 106 Zengzi, 65, 79–81, 106, 158, 272 Zhang Yi, 67 Zhanguoce (Schemes of the Warring

States), 69, 199–200 Zhongguo zhexue shi dagang (Out-

line of the History of Chinese Phi-losophy), 15–16

Zhu Xi, 4, 145, 153, 192 Zhuang Bao, 167–68 Zhuangzi (and Zhuangzi): 3, 13–14, 27,

30, 45–53 passim, 57–58, 66, 70–73,

88–89, 116, 131, 136, 145, 173, 200, 203, 208–9, 217, 227, 231–79, 286, 288, 308–9, 324–28 passim, 331; “Tianxia” (“All Under Heaven”), 45, 47–53, 58, 88, 98, 136, 172, 258, 265, 273, 311; “Xiaoyao you” (“Free and Easy Wandering”), 246–50; “Qi wu lun” (“Discussion on Mak-ing Things Equal”), 238–44, 257, 273; “Qiushui” (“Autumn Floods”), 265; “Pianmu” (“Webbed Toes”), 271–72; “Ying diwang” (“Responding to Emper-ors and Kings”), 274–75; “Tian dao” (“The Way of Heaven”), 264, 308

Zigong, 62–66 passim, 111, 115–17, 124–25

Zilu, 65, 100–3, 112–13, 263 Zisi, 42–43, 52, 66, 74, 113–14 Zixia, 45, 107–8, 158 Zizhang, 45, 65 Zou Yan, 42–43, 73, 75