Index...

Index

ABORIGINAL PEOPLESbreach of treaties, 2.30.10(5)(c)fiduciary duty to, Crown’s. See Fiduciary duty

Lake Babine Nation, 10.40.20Reserve/Treaty lands, interference with, 6.20.10(3)

ABUSE OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY/OFFICE. See Misfeasance in public

office

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REMEDIES. See Contract remedies

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER. See Collateral attack

AGENTS. See Crown agents

AGREEMENT ON INTERNAL TRADE, 2.50.50(3)

AUTHORITY TO BIND CROWN. See Contract formation

BIDDING. See Tendering

BOARDS AND TRIBUNALScorporate status, 1A.20, 1A.40.20generally, 1A.40.20

BREACH OF CONTRACTcontractual interpretation rules, 2.30.10defences, 2.30.30

frustration of contract, 2.30.30(2)legislation, 2.30.30(1)

changes to price terms, 2.30.30(1)federal “Public Debt and Property” power, 2.30.30(1)performance vs. compensation, 2.30.30(1)provincial “property and civil rights in the Province” power, 2.30.30(1)

promissory estoppel 2.30.30(3)elements of, 2.30.10employment contracts, 2.30.10(5)(a)First Nation treaties, 2.30.10(5)(c) generally, 2.30.10implied terms, 2.30.10incorporation of legislation in contracts, 2.30.10(4)non-performance, 2.30.20presumptions in aid of interpretation, 2.30.10

against intention to promise to compensate, 2.30.10

IN-1 July 2017

BREACH OF CONTRACT — continuedpresumptions in aid of interpretation — continued

best efforts requirements, 2.30.10(3)good faith, 2.30.10not to bind use of public authority, 2.30.10(1)

privity rules, 2.30.10remedies. See Contract remedies

resource tenure contracts, 2.30.10(5)(c)service, construction and goods contracts, 2.30.10(5)(b)

CANADIAN BILL OF RIGHTS. See Takings, compensation re

CAPACITY TO MAKE CONTRACTS. See Contract formation

CERTIORARI, 2.40.20(2), 12.30.10(2)

CIVIL PERSONALITY. See Corporate status

CHARTER DAMAGESgenerally, 11.30.10, 11.30.80government as employer, Charter relief against, 11.30.50government policy/service/benefit, 11.30.70police misconduct, 11.30.60procedural considerations, 11.30.30

actual infringement, 11.30.30(3)conformity with rules of civil procedure, 11.30.30(5)court of competent jurisdiction, 11.30.30(4)proper defendant, 11.30.30(1)standing of claimant, 11.30.30(2)

remedy provision (s. 24(1))declaration of invalidity power (s. 52) and, 11.30.20

statutory limits, 11.30.40Crown notice provisions, 11.30.40immunity provisions, validity of, 11.30.40limitation periods, 11.30.40

CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMSCharter damages. See Charter damages

contract formation capacity and, 2.20.20(2)Crown prerogative and, 1.30.20misfeasance in public office and, 7.20.10(1)violations, interlocutory relief re. See Remedies against Crown

against the Crown, 11.60

IN-2

GOVERNMENT LIABILITY

COLLATERAL ATTACKadministrative order, on, 11.20.30

five factors analysis, 11.20.30legislative intention, 11.20.30

civil proceeding, in, 11.20.40civil action, 11.20.40(1)judicial review, 11.20.40(2)Ontario Rules of Civil Procedure (rule 14.05) application, 11.20.40(3)statutory interpretation applications, 11.20.40(3)

generally, 11.20.10order of superior court, on, 11.20.20

abuse of process, doctrine of, 11.20.20circumstances permitting, 11.20.20malicious prosecution actions, 11.20.20rule against 11.20.20

COMMON LAWauthority to bind Crown, 2.20.30(1)contract formation. See Contract formation

Crown liability in, 1.40Crown prerogative, as part of, 1.30.20“federal common law”, 12.10.20(3)(b)injunctions at, 11.40.20persons Crown liable for at, 1.50takings at. See Takings

COMPENSATION FOR TAKINGS. See Takings, compensation re

CONSTITUTIONCharter. See Charter of Rights and Freedoms

compensation obligation, 4.10constitutional limits on contract formation, 2.20.20(2)court jurisdiction. See Courts, jurisdiction of

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1867division of powers provisions, 2.20.20(2)federal law within s. 101, 12.10.20(3)(c)judicial structure created by, 12.10.10s. 53, 2.20.20(2)

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982aboriginal people, 10.40.80, 10.40.100Charter. See Charter of Rights and Freedoms

CONSTITUTIONAL TORTS. See Charter damages

INDEX

IN-3 November 2016

CONTRACT, CROWN LIABILITY INbreach of contract. See Breach of contract

contract formation. See Contract formation, Crown and

generally, 2.10performance issues. See Breach of contract

pleadings and practice, 2.60remedies. See Contract remedies

tendering. See Tendering

types of disputes, 2.10

CONTRACT FORMATIONauthority to bind Crown, 2.20.30

common law authority, 2.20.30(1)cabinet, 2.20.30(1)Crown agent status, 2.20.30(1)

legislative limits on, 2.20.30(2)Ontario Executive Council Act, 2.20.30(2)

capacity, 2.20.20common law, at, 2.20.20(1)

“Crown”, identity of, 2.20.20(1)sui juris requirement, 2.20.20(1)rationale for Crown’s capacity as individual, 2.20.20(1)statutory prohibition, 2.20.20(1)

constitutional limits on, 2.20.20(2)agreements to pay compensation, 2.20.20(2)British constitution, 2.20.20(2)Charter of Rights and Freedoms provisions, 2.20.20(2)Constitution Act, 1867

division of powers provisions, 2.20.20(2)s. 53, 2.20.20(2)

contracting out of mandatory statutory liability, 2.20.20(2)Crown expenditures, statutory authorization requirement, 2.20.20(2)Crown-in-Parliament, restrictions by, 2.20.20(2)executive/legislative necessity, doctrine of, 2.20.20(2)Financial Administration Act provisions, 2.20.20(2)non-fettering rule, 2.20.20(2)

Crown contractual partners, of, 2.20.20(4)legislated limits, 2.20.20(3)

“accrued rights” limitation on immunity, 2.20.20(3)Crown vs. private party restrictions, 2.20.20(3)directory vs. mandatory enactments, 2.20.20(3)inferred prohibition, 2.20.20(3)prerogative immunity, 2.20.20(3)provincial Crown immunity, 2.20.20(3)restrictive enactments, nature of, 2.20.20(3)


IN-4

CONTRACT FORMATION — continuedcapacity — continued

legislated limits — continuedwaiver of statutory provision, 2.20.20(3)

restrictions on Crown contractual capacity from international andinterprovincial trade agreements, 2.20.20(5)

crown contracts distinguished from other policy instruments, 2.20.10(1)generally, 2.20.10intention to create contracts, 2.20.40

campaign promises, 2.20.40(2)contractual vs. legislated rights, 2.20.40(1)inter-governmental accords, 2.20.40(3)oral contracts, 2.20.40(4)policies, 2.20.40(1)political accords, 2.20.40(3)political promises, 2.20.40(1)promises and undertakings, examples, 2.20.40(1)social programs, 2.20.40(1)

remedy consequences, 2.20.20requirements for valid contract, 2.20.10void/voidable contracts, 2.20.10

CONTRACT REMEDIESadministrative law remedies, 2.40.20

certiorari, 2.40.20(2)declarations, 2.40.20(1)mandamus, 2.40.20(3)

damages, 2.40.10rectification, 2.40.40specific performance, 2.40.30

CORPORATE CROWN AGENTS. See Crown agents

CORPORATE STATUSdistinct civil personality, practical effects of, 1A.20.10of Crown, 1.20.30, 1.20.40of other public sector entities, 1A.20public law status vs., 1A.20test for statutory bodies, 1A.20

COSTSaboriginal fiduciary issues, 10.40.100generally. See Remedies against Crown

COURTS, JURISDICTION OFConstitution Act, 1867, judicial structure created by, 12.10.10Federal Court, 12.10.20

INDEX

IN-5 July 2017

COURTS, JURISDICTION OF — continuedFederal Court — continued

action against federal Crown in, 12.10.20(1)action against provincial Crown in, 12.10.20(5)Crown Liability and Proceedings Act, 12.10.20(2)Exchequer Court, replacement of, 12.10.20(1)Federal Courts Act provisions, 12.10.20(1), (2)jurisdiction of

cause of action test, 12.10.20(3)(b)concurrent vs. exclusive, table re, 12.10.20(3)(a)constitutional limits to, 12.10.20(3)current, 12.10.20(3)“federal common law”, 12.10.20(3)(b)flow chart re, 12.10.20(4)generally, 12.10.20(1)ITO-International test, 12.10.20(3)

Constitution Act, 1867, federal law within s. 101, 12.10.20(3)(c)existing body of federal law, 12.10.20(3)(b)statutory grant of jurisdiction, 12.10.20(3)(a)

1992 amendments, 12.10.20(2)1971 amendments creating, 12.10.20(1)

generally, 12.10provincial superior courts, 12.10.10, 12.10.30

claims against federal Crown, 12.10.30(3)concurrent jurisdiction with Federal Court, 12.10.30(3)Crown Liability and Proceedings Act, effect of, 12.10.30(3)

claim against provincial Crownanother province, in, 12.10.30(2)(b)immunity rule, 12.10.30(2)(b)local superior court, in, 12.10.30(2)(a)provincial court, in, 12.10.30(2)(c)

creation of, 12.10.10Crown Liability and Proceedings Act, effect of, 12.10.30(3)general jurisdiction function, 12.10.30(1)inherent jurisdiction of, 12.10.30(1)

limitations on, 12.10.30(1)statutes giving rise to jurisdiction, 12.10.30(1)

CRIMINAL LIABILITY, 1.30.20(3)(b)

CROWN AGENTScorporate Crown agents, 1.50.10, 1A.30

corporate status of public bodies, varieties, 1.50.10(1)Crown corporations, 1A.30, 1A.40.30distinct civil personality, practical effects of, 1A.20.10


IN-6

CROWN AGENTS — continuedcorporate Crown agents — continued

federal vs. provincial, 1A.30independent legal personalities, 1A.20, 1A.30

(The next page is IN-7)

INDEX

IN-6.1 July 2017

CROWN AGENTS — continuedcorporate Crown agents — continued

liability of the Crown for, 1.50.10, 1A.30non-corporate statutory body, 1.50.10(1)prerogative power, exercise of, 1A.30scope of agency, 1A.30.20test for, 1A.30.10

de jure control test for, 1A.30.10Crown servants vs., 1.50.10, 1.50.20defined, 1A.30immunity from statute, 1A.30.20

CROWN CORPORATIONSCrown agency status, 1A.30, 1A.40.30generally, 1A.40.30

CROWN EMPLOYEES, see also Crown servants

contractors, 1.50.20(1)de jure control test, 1.50.20(1)generally, 1.50.20Minister’s executive acts, 1.50.20(1)Parliamentary immunity, 1.50.20(1)scope of employment, acting within, 1.50.20(2)

nexus issue, 1.50.20(2)precedent requirement, 1.50.20(2)Salmond test re, 1.50.20(2)vicarious liability, policy considerations re, 1.40.10, 1.50.20(2)

status of, 1.50.20(1)

CROWN IMMUNITY. See Crown, legal personality of; Fiduciary duty

CROWN IN CANADA. See Crown, legal personality of

CROWN, LEGAL PERSONALITY OFactions against Crown, practice and procedure, 1.60Crown agents. See Crown agents

Crown, correct naming of, 1.60Crown immunity from statute, 1.30.20(3)

binding by necessary implication, 1.30.20(3)burdens vs. benefits analysis, 1.30.20(3)express binding, 1.30.20(3)federal immunity from provincial statute, 1.30.20(3)(a)intergovernmental immunity, 1.30.20(3)(a)penal immunity, 1.30.20(3)(b)presumption against binding, 1.30.20(3)waiver of by conduct, 1.30.20(3)

Crown in Canada, 1.20.20

INDEX

IN-7 November 2016

CROWN, LEGAL PERSONALITY OF — continuedCrown in Canada — continued

British North America Act, 1.20.20colonial governors, powers of, 1.20.20Crown proceedings statutes, 1.20.20divisibility of Crown in right of single jurisdiction, 1.20.20(2)Dominion vs. provincial powers, seniority, 1.20.20indivisibility of Crown doctrine, effects of, 1.20.20(1)international status, 1.20.20(1)pre-Confederation, 1.20.20rules of succession, 1.20.20(1)territories, status of, 1.20.20

Crown personality, theoretical conceptions of, 1.20.30“Corporation sole”, Crown as, 1.20.30practical implications of, 1.20.40

executive and legislative power of Crown, 1.20.40(1)state as person concept, 1.20.40

Crown prerogative, 1.30.20Charter review of, 1.30.20civil liability of Crown and, 1.30.20(2)common law, as part of, 1.30.20creditor priority, 1.30.20Crown immunity. See Crown immunity from statute

federal vs. provincial powers, 1.30.20legislative displacement of, 1.30.20(1)nature of, 1.30.20

Crown proceeding legislation, 1.40Crown’s position at common law, 1.40

“King could do no wrong”, meaning of, 1.40negligence claims, 1.40prerogatives rendering civil suit difficult, 1.40torts of Crown servants, 1.40

defences in, 1.40.20differences between Acts, 1.40.10direct vs. vicarious liability, 1.40.10effect of, 1.40fiat requirement, abolishment of, 1.40generally, 1.40jurisdictional variations, 1.40petition of right, abolishment of, 1.40prerogative immunities, persistence of, 1.40.20tort immunity, abolishment of, 1.40

general capacity of Crown, 1.30.10generally, 1.10historical background, 1.20


IN-8

CROWN, LEGAL PERSONALITY OF — continuedhistorical background — continued

English Civil War, effects of, 1.20.10King could do no wrong, concept of, 1.20.10King-in-Parliament concept, 1.20.10medieval English kingship, 1.20.10petition of right, 1.20.10privy purse concept, 1.20.10Queen Victoria, 1.20.10Tudor monarchs, 1.20.10

inherent rights of Crown, 1.30persons Crown liable for, 1.50

common law, at, 1.50Crown agents. See Crown agents

Crown employees. See Crown employees

generally, 1.50independent contractors, 1.50.30joint ventures, 1.50.40non-delegable duties, 1.50.30

child abuse context, 1.50.30contracting-out government functions, 1.50.30municipal responsibilities, 1.50.30scope of, 1.50.30(1)

respondeat superior, doctrine of, 1.50vicarious liability analysis, 1.50.30, 1.50.40

practice and pleadings, 1.60Queen Elizabeth II, 1.20

CROWN PREROGATIVE. See Crown, legal personality of

CROWN PROCEEDINGS LEGISLATION. See Crown, legal personality of

CROWN SERVANTS, 1.40, 1.50.10, 1.50.20

CROWN-IN-PARLIAMENT, 1.20.10, 2.20.20(2)

DAMAGESCharter. See Charter damages

contract remedy, as, 2.40.10malicious prosecution, for. See Malicious prosecution

misfeasance in public office, for. See Misfeasance in public office

nuisance, for. See Nuisance

remedy against Crown, generally, 12.30.30takings, natural resources, 4.20.70(2)(a)tendering, limitation clauses, 2.50.40(3)

DECLARATIONS, 2.40.20(1), 4.50.10(1), 11.40.50, 12.30.20

INDEX

IN-9 November 2016

DISCOVERY OF CROWNcivil procedure provisions re, 12.20document discovery, 12.20.10examination for discovery, 12.20.20generally, 12.20public interest immunity, 12.20.30

admissions against interest, 12.20.30Canada Evidence Act provisions

confidence of Queen’s Privy Council (s. 39), 12.20.30(1)Crown privilege claims, generally (s. 37), 12.20.30(1)sensitive information notification (s. 38), 12.20.30(1)

public interest determination, 12.20.30solicitor-client privilege, 12.20.30standard for determination, 12.20.30

FALSE ARRESTgenerally. See False imprisonment

malicious prosecution vs., 8.30

FALSE IMPRISONMENTdefences, 9.50elements of cause of action, 9.30generally, 9.10malicious prosecution vs., 8.30, 9.20onus of proof, 9.40remedies, 9.60

FEDERAL COURT. See Courts, jurisdiction of

FIDUCIARY DUTYaboriginal people, Crown and, 10.20, 10.40, 10.90

“cognizable Indian interest”, concept of, 10.40.10conflicting claims between bands/band members, 10.40.60Constitution Act, 1982, s. 35, 10.40.80, 10.40.100duty to consult, 10.40.110duty to invest, 10.40.50(1)future relationship, 10.40.130general principles, 10.40.10general test re, 10.40.10government benefits programs, 10.40.70Lake Babine Nation, 10.40.20litigation costs, 10.40.100Metis claims, 10.40.110(2)moneys, band management of, 10.40.50(1)political trust cases, 10.40.10provincial Crown, fiduciary duty of, 10.40.120


IN-10

FIDUCIARY DUTY — continuedaboriginal people, Crown and — continued

registrar, actions of, 10.40.110(3)


INDEX

IN-10.1 June 2016

FIDUCIARY DUTY — continuedaboriginal people, Crown and — continued

reservescreation, 10.40.20existing, 10.40.30expropriation, 10.40.50post-surrender duties, 10.40.40pre-surrender duties, 10.40.40

protection from trespass, 10.40.40time-barred claims, 10.60.10treaty negotiations, 10.40.90unique nature of relationship, 10.40.10

breach of, 10.20simple inadvertence as, 10.20

“ceding of power — vulnerability” approach, 10.20Crown as fiduciary, 10.30, 10.50

agricultural industry, regulation of, 10.50.90

children, guardianship of, 10.50.30conflicting interests, 10.30.50

aboriginal vs. non-aboriginal interests, 10.30.50balancing exercise, 10.30.50

“Crown, the”, meaning of, 10.30.10Crown vs. Parliament, 10.30.10fault requirement, 10.30.10government departments, individually, 10.30.10

disaster relief, provision of, 10.50.100duty of utmost loyalty, 10.60.30immunity, 10.60.30legislation, acting in accordance with, 10.30.60, 10.40.50(1)legislative and executive functions, 10.30.30pensions, administration of, 10.50.10

Canada Pension Plan, 10.50.10police services, provision of, 10.50.70public vs. private law duties, 10.30.40seized goods, 10.50.20taxation scheme, administration of, 10.50.40defences, 10.60equitable defences, 10.60.20equitable set-off, doctrine of, 10.60.20laches and acquiescence, doctrine of, 10.60.20limitations, 10.60.10

discretionary control element, 10.20duty of care vs., 10.20fiduciary relationship, categories of, 10.20generally, 10.10

INDEX

IN-11 August 2016

FIDUCIARY DUTY — continuedgovernment context, in, 10.30.20

Elder Advocates of Alberta Society v. Alberta case analysis, 10.30.20practice and pleadings, 10.80

breach case, 10.80.10fiduciary obligation and litigation practice, 10.80.20procedural defences, 10.80.20(1)selection of counsel, 10.80.20(1)settlement agreements, 10.80.20(3)solicitor-client privilege, 10.80.20(2)

“reasonable expectations” concept, 10.20remedy re breach, 10.20, 10.70

equitable remediescompensation, basis of calculation, 10.70lost opportunity, 10.70nature of, 10.70restitutionary purpose of, 10.70

statutory limitation of liability, 10.70scope of, determining, 10.20vicarious liability, 10.30.10

FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROMOTION AND PROTECTIONAGREEMENTS, 4.50.30

GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, 1A.40.10, 10.30.10

IMMUNITYCharter damages, statutory limits, 11.30.40contracts

“accrued rights” limitation on immunity, 2.20.20(3)provincial Crown immunity, 2.20.20(3)

Crown, generally. See Crown, legal personality of

fiduciary context, 10.60.30intergovernmental immunity, 1.30.20(3)(a)interjurisdictional immunity, 1.30.20(3)(a)negligence context

discretionary decisions, 5.40.10statutory immunity clauses, 5.50

Parliamentary immunity, 1.50.20(1)provincial Crown, immunity rule, 12.10.30(2)(b)public interest immunity. See Discovery of Crown

INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS, 1.50.30

INJUNCTIONS AGAINST CROWNcommon law basis of prohibition, 11.40.20Crown agents, 1A.30


IN-12

INJUNCTIONS AGAINST CROWN — continueddeclaration in case of deliberate flouting, 11.40.50exception re constitutionality of legislation, 11.40.40


INDEX

IN-12.1 August 2016

INJUNCTIONS AGAINST CROWN — continuedgenerally, 12.30.20statute vs. common law, 11.40.30statutory prohibition, 11.40.10

INTENTION TO CREATE CONTRACTS. See Contract formation

JURISDICTIONcourt. See Courts, jurisdiction of legislative, 2.20.20(2)

KING-IN-PARLIAMENT. See Crown-in-Parliament

LAND USE. See Nuisance, Takings, compensation re

LEGISLATION, ACTIONS CHALLENGING ENACTMENT OFchanges in law, 11.50.30laws having adverse effect, 11.50.40regulations

having adverse effect, 11.50.50ultra vires applications, 11.50.20

role of court, 11.50.10

LEGISLATIVE NECESSITY, DOCTRINE OF, 2.20.20(2)

LEGISLATIVE POWER OF CROWN, 1.20.40(1)

LIMITATION PERIODS, 11.30.40

LOCAL GOVERNMENTScivil personality, 1A.40.40Crown agent status, 1A.40.40

MALICIOUS PROSECUTIONdamages, 8.50, 8.60

amounts awarded, 8.60punitive damages, 8.60.10reputation, damage to, 8.60requirement to show, 8.50types of, 8.60

elements of tort, 8.10, 8.50absence of reasonable and probable cause, 8.50.30

proving, 8.50.30(1)damage, requirement to show. See damages

initiation of proceedings by defendant, 8.50.10malice/improper purpose, proof of, 8.50.40

finding of malice, factors, 8.50.40inference of malice, 8.50.40

termination of criminal proceedings in favour of plaintiff, 8.50.20false arrest vs., 8.30

INDEX

IN-13 November 2015

MALICIOUS PROSECUTION — continuedfalse imprisonment vs., 9.20future of, 8.40generally, 8.10history of, 8.20no reasonable cause of action, 8.70.20police misconduct vs. midsonduct by the crown, 8.70.10(3)practice and pleadings considerations, 8.70

application to strike 8.70.20

leave to amend pleadings, 8.70.40malice, pleading particulars re, 8.70.30proper parties, 8.70.10

Crown, Attorney General, Crown Attorneys, 8.70.10(1), (2)police, 8.70.10(3)

summary disposition, 8.70.20prosecutorial misconduct, 8.40

MANDAMUS, 2.40.20(3), 12.30.10(1)

MINISTER’S EXECUTIVE ACTS, 1.50.20(1)

MISFEASANCE IN PUBLIC OFFICEabsence of lawful authority branch, 7.10Category A/B analysis, 7.10Charter application, 7.20.10(1)damages, 7.20.50

general/aggravated damages, 7.20.50(1)punitive damages, 7.20.50(2)

elements of tort, 7.20duty owed to plaintiff, 7.20.40duty/power associated with public office, 7.20.20

administrative and operational duties, 7.20.20(1)legislative functions, 7.20.20(3)prerogative powers, 7.20.20(2)

misfeasance, 7.20.30knowing excess of power (Category B), 7.20.30(2)

Canadian law re, 7.20.30(2)(b)Three Rivers case, 7.20.30(2)(a)wilful blindness/indifference standard, 7.20.30(2)(b)

targeted malice (Category A), 7.20.30(1)bad motive, establishing, 7.20.30(1)(a)proof of malice by collective body, 7.20.30(1)(b)

“public office”, test re, 7.20.10(1)public officer, defendant as, 7.20.10

judicial and quasi-judicial officers, 7.20.10(2)“public office”, test re, 7.20.10(1)


IN-14

MISFEASANCE IN PUBLIC OFFICE — continuedgenerally, 7.10, 7.40history of tort, 7.10malicious motivation element, 7.10practice and procedural considerations, 7.30

evidence, 7.30.20parties, 7.30.10pleadings, 7.30.20

public officers, categories of, 7.20.10

NATURAL RESOURCES. See Nuisance; Takings, compensation re

NEGLIGENCEAnns duty of care test, 5.10, 5.20

Canadian vs. English/Australian jurisprudence, 5.20, 5.30.20foreseeability issue, 5.20negativing policy considerations. See negativing policy considerations

prima facie duty of care, 5.30Donoghue v. Stevenson principle, 5.30.10“neighbour principle”, evolution of, 5.30.10proximity. See proximity

proximity. See proximity

stage 1 of analysis, 5.20, 5.30stage 2 of analysis, 5.20stated, 5.20

duty of care analysis. See Anns duty of care test

elements of negligence action, 5.10foreseeability, see also proximity

generally, 5.20generally, 5.10negativing policy considerations, 5.20, 5.40

alternative remedies, 5.40.20(2)categories not closed, 5.40.20(4)discretionary decisions, immunity re, 5.40.10good faith requirement, 5.40.10(2)government decisions, “true” or “core”, 5.40.10(1)indeterminate liability, 5.40.20(1)irrationality, 5.40.10(2)legislative decisions, 5.40.10(3)policy defence, generally, 5.40.10quasi-judicial decisions, 5.40.10(3)social, economic, political factor decisions, 5.40.10(1)statutory discretion, exercises of, 5.40.10(4)

“neighbour principle”, 5.10, 5.30.10policy/operational distinction. See negativing policy considerations

INDEX

IN-15 November 2015

NEGLIGENCE — continuedpractice and pleadings, 5.80

applications to strike pleadings, 5.80.20cause of action, pleading, 5.80.20proper parties, 5.80.10

proximityCoopers and Edwards cases analysis, 5.30.30analysis, generally, 5.20established categories, 5.30.40

actions causing foreseeable harm to person/property, 5.30.40(1)negligent building inspection, 5.30.40(4)negligent implementation of road maintenance policy, 5.30.40(5)negligent misstatement, 5.30.40(2)no proximity, categories of, 5.30.50relational economic loss, limited categories of, 5.30.40(6)risk of danger, duty to warn re, 5.30.40(3)

interactions, establishing proximity through, 5.30.60(2)British Columbia v. Imperial Tobacco case analysis, 5.30.60(2)parties, factual relationship between, 5.30.60(2)

no proximity, categories re, 5.30.50novel cases, establishing proximity in, 5.30.60role of, 5.30.20public authorities and, 5.30.30statute, under, 5.30.60(1)

standard of care, 5.70Crown’s lowered standard, 5.70.10duty of care vs., 5.70.10legislation, role in defining, 5.70.20policy, role in defining, 5.70.20reasonableness standard, 5.70.10

statutory duties, affirmative, 5.60statutory immunity clauses, 5.50

employee liability, 5.50.10good faith immunity clause, scope of, 5.50.10“good faith”, meaning of, 5.50.20vicarious employer liability, 5.50.10

NON-DELEGABLE DUTIES, 1.50.30

NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT. See Takings,

compensation re, treaties and declarations

NUISANCEaccess to land, impairment, 6.30.35Crown as landowner, 6.10damages. See remedies


IN-16

NUISANCE — continueddefences, 6.10, 6.70

acquiescence/consent, 6.70.40act of God, 6.70.40contributory negligence, 6.70.30force majeur, 6.70.40government policy defence, 6.70.20

compensation requirement, 6.70.20nuisance vs. negligence context, 6.70.20“special damage” cases, 6.70.20

prescription, 6.70.40statutory authority, 6.70.10

inevitability, 6.70.10random infrastructure accidents, 6.70.10

definition, 6.30foreseeability, 6.60

negligence vs. nuisance, 6.60“reasonably foreseeable”, meaning of, 6.60“state of affairs” cases, 6.60

generally, 6.10interference, 6.30

“substantial”, 6.30“unreasonable”, 6.30

natural phenomena, as cause of, 6.10practice and pleadings considerations, 6.90private nuisance, see also public nuisance

“character of neighbourhood” factor, 6.30.20degree of seriousness factor, 6.30.20duration and frequence factors, 6.30.20elements of tort, 6.30flow of water, damage caused by, 6.30.40(1)

“common enemy” rule, 6.30.40(1)groundwater, 6.30.40(1)“natural flow” rule, 6.30.40(1)“natural user” decisions, 6.30.40(1)natural watercourse, 6.30.40(1)

land use competition, as, 6.10natural hazards upon land

injury to neighbouring private property, 6.30.40(2)injury to person on highway, 6.30.40(2)

physical injury to land, cases re, 6.30.10policy defence, application of, 6.30.40(2)sensitivities of plaintiff factor, 6.30.20social utility factor, 6.30.30unreasonable use of property, checklist of factors, 6.30.20

INDEX

IN-17 November 2015

NUISANCE — continued“public interest” factor, described, 6.10public nuisance, see also private nuisance

Attorney General, role of, 6.40described, 6.40environmental protection, as tool of, 6.40history of tort, 6.40need for, 6.40private nuisance and, 6.40remedy re, 6.40“special damage”, meaning of, 6.40

quasi-strict liability tort, as, 6.10remedies, 6.80

abatement, privilege of, 6.80.30damages, 6.80.20

continuing nuisances, 6.80.20foreseeability, 6.80.20measure of, 6.80.20remoteness of damage, 6.80.20subjectivity of harm, 6.80.20

injunctive relief against Crown, no, 6.80.10“social utility” factor, described, 6.10standing, 6.20

interest in property vs. user/invitee, 6.20.10licence holder, 6.20.10(2)persons subject to action, 6.20.20

adoption of nuisance, 6.20.20(3)“authorization” cases, 6.20.20(2)continuation of nuisance, 6.20.20(3)Crown as owner but not creator of nuisance, 6.20.20(2)distant neighbour, 6.20.20(1)fault doctrine, 6.20.20(2)park users, 6.20.20(2)potential nuisance, knowledge of, 6.20.20(3)regulatory licence issuers, 6.20.20(2)

profits a prendre, holder of, 6.20.10(2)Reserve/Treaty lands, interference with, 6.20.10(3)right of way holder, 6.20.10(2)standing to sue, 6.20.10tenants of Crown in possession, 6.20.10(1)

statutes, role of, 6.50civil nuisance actions, statutes limiting, 6.50.20prohibition on conduct, 6.50.10“standards” of reasonableness, providing, 6.50.30

zoning function of, 6.10


IN-18

OPERATIONAL FUNCTION. See Negligence

PENAL LIABILITY, 1.30.20(3)(b)

POLICEmalicious prosecution, 8.70.10(3)misconduct, 11.30.60vicarious liability of Crown for, 1.50.20(1)

POLICY FUNCTIONCharter damages, 11.30.70negligence liability. See Negligence

nuisance liability, 6.30.40(2), 6.70.20

PREROGATIVE. See Crown, legal personality of

PREROGATIVE WRITS, 12.30.10

PRIVILEGEabatement, privilege of, 6.80.30Crown privilege (C.E.A., s. 37), 12.20.30(1)public interest immunity. See Discovery of Crown

solicitor-client privilege, 10.80.20(2), 12.20.30

PROHIBITION, 12.30.10(2)

PROVINCIAL SUPERIOR COURTS. See Courts, jurisdiction of

PUBLIC INTEREST IMMUNITY. See Discovery of Crown

PUBLIC OFFICE. See Misfeasance in public office

RECTIFICATION, 2.40.40

REGULATIONS. See Legislation, actions challenging enactment of

REMEDIES AGAINST CROWNcertiorari, 12.30.10(2)Charter violations, interlocutory relief re, 12.30.20

balance of convenience issue, 12.30.20irreparable harm issue, 12.30.20public interest factor, 12.30.20serious question requirement, 12.30.20

costs, 12.30.40advance costs, 12.30.40(1)

impecuniousness, 12.30.40(1)(a)management of order, 12.30.40(1)(f)prima facie meritoriousness, 12.30.40(1)(b)special circumstances, 12.30.40(1)(c)statutory bars, 12.30.40(1)(e)stringent controls, 12.30.40(1)(d)

INDEX

IN-19 November 2015

REMEDIES AGAINST CROWN — continuedCrown agents, 1A.30damages, 12.30.30

Charter damages, 12.30.30(1)declarations, 12.30.20generally, 12.30injunction. See Injunctions against Crown

interest on unsatisfied judgments, 12.30.40mandamus, 12.30.10(1)prerogative writs, generally, 12.30.10prohibition, 12.30.10(2)specific performance, 12.30.20

RESTITUTIONburdens of proof, 3.20Crown proceedings statutes and, 3.10.10elements of claim, 3:20

absence of prima facie juristic reason, 3.20.30alternative remedies, 3.20.30(2)(b)colore officii, principle of, 3.20.30(2)disposition of law, 3.20.30(2)donative intent, 3.20.30(3)donative intent of Crown, 3.20.30(3)(c)valid contract, existence of, 3.20.30(1)valid legislation, 3.20.30(2)(a)voluntariness, 3.20.30(3)

compulsion, 3.20.30(3)(a)protest, 3.20.30(3)(b)

benefit to defendant, 3.20.10detriment to plaintiff, 3:20.20

generally, 3.10governments, recovery as between, 3.50invalid taxes, 3.10.20invalid fines and other compulsory payments to government, 3.10.20(1)mistaken payments by government, 3.50practice and pleadings, 3.70quantum meruit, 2.20.10, 3.20quantum valebat, 3.20quasi-contract, 3.20remedies, 3.60residual defences, 3.20, 3.20.40

change of position, 3.20.40(3)closing the transaction, 3.20.40(5)collateral attack, 3.20.40(4)de facto doctrine, 3.20.40(6)


IN-20

RESTITUTION — continuedresidual defences — continued

estoppel, 3.20.40(3)good faith, 3.20.40(6)mistake of law, 3.20.40(1)qualified immunity, 3.20.40(5)res judicata, 3.20.40(4)ultra vires enactment, 3.20.40(2)

ultra vires powers situations, 3.10unlawful/unauthorized contract situations, 3.10

SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE, 2.40.30, 12.30.20

STATUTESCrown immunity from. See Crown, legal personality of

Crown proceeding legislation. See Crown, legal personality of

expropriation statutes, 4.20.10, 4.20.20(2)nuisance law, role of re. See Nuisance

SUPERIOR COURTS. See Courts, jurisdiction of

TAKINGS, COMPENSATION RECanadian Bill of Rights, application of, 4.30

due process, meaning of, 4.30property rights protected, 4.30

common law, protections at, 4.20facts re taking, 4.20.50

constructive takingdoubts re high threshold, 4.20.50(2)(c)generally, 4.20.50(2)(a)quantitative threshold of, 4.20.50(2)(b)

property, 4.20.50(1)choses in action, 4.20.50(1)(c)contractual rights as, 4.20.50(1)(c)goodwill, 4.20.50(1)(a)low threshold re, 4.20.50(1)(a)minerals, 4.20.50(1)(b)partially diminished value of property, 4.20.50(1)(d)profit a prendre, 4.20.50(1)(b)public natural resources, interests in, 4.20.50(1)(b)scope/meaning of concept, 4.20.50(1)(a)timber, 4.20.50(1)(b)

taking, meaning of, 4.20.50(2)constructive taking. See constructive taking

municipal land use regulation, 4.20.50(2)(d)regulation of use, 4.20.50(2)(a)

INDEX

IN-21 November 2015

TAKINGS, COMPENSATION RE — continuedcommon law, protections at — continued

general observations re, 4.20.20compensatory rule, emergence of, 4.20.20(3)emergent area of Crown liability, as, 4.20.20(1)expropriation statutes, 4.20.20(2)NAFTA provisions, 4.20.20(3)occurrence of taking, rule re, 4.20.20(3)public natural resources, 4.20.20(3)uncertainty in law, 4.20.20(3)urban development, 4.20.20(1)

injurious affection vs. takings, 4.20.10pleadings, 4.20.40public good analysis, 4.20.30source of Crown’s power, 4.20.30

compensation, Crown’s obligation re, 4.20.60compensatory rule

emergence of, 4.20.20(3)exception to, 4.20.70(1)

generally, 4.20.60rule of statutory construction, as, 4.20.60

authorities supporting, 4.20.60(2)Teal Cedar Products Ltd. v. British Columbia, 4.20.60(2)(b)

substantive right, as, 4.20.60authorities supporting, 4.20.60(1)

British Columbia Medical Assn. v. British Columbia, 4.20.60(1)(b)Canadian Pacific Railway Co. v. Vancouver (City), 4.20.60(1)(c)Manitoba Fisheries Ltd. v. Canada, 4.20.60(1)(a)

substantive vs. statutory source of rule, 4.20.60constitutional position, 4.10generally, 4.10pleadings and practice, 4.20.80property rights protection, sources of, 4.10provincial statutes, 4.40

Alberta Bill of Rights, 4.40.10Alberta Personal Property Bill of Rights, 4.40.20Ontario Expropriations Act, 4.20.10

public natural resources, measure of compensation for, 4.20.70(2)costs approach, 4.20.70(2)(b)private fee simple interests vs., 4.20.70(2)(a)retrospective determination of damages, 4.20.70(2)(a)valuation difficulties, 4.20.70(2)(a)

ripeness of civil claim, 4.20.70(3)

alternative available remedies, 4.20.70(3)(a)crystallization of constructive taking, 4.20.70(3)(b)

IN-22


TAKINGS, COMPENSATION RE — continuedtreaties and declarations, 4.50

American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man, 4.50.20North American Free Trade Agreement, 4.50.30

Chapter 11, 4.50.30(1)impact of, 4.50.30(2)

pleadings and practice considerations, 4.50.30(3)commencing proceedings, 4.50.30(3)(b)final award remedy, 4.50.30(3)(e)interim relief remedy, 4.50.30(3)(d)investors’ direct access to arbitration, 4.50.30(3)(a)judicial review, 4.50.30(3)(f)procedure at Tribunal, 4.50.30(3)(c)

UN treaties, 4.50.10Covenants, The, 4.50.10(2)Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 4.50.10(1)

TENDERINGbidders, 2.50clauses reserving rights to owner, 2.50.40

discretion clauses, 2.50.40(2)limitations of damages clauses, 2.50.40(3)privilege clauses, 2.50.40(1)

contract A (tender contract), 2.50animus contrahendi, creation of, 2.50.20determination of contractual intent, 2.50.20formation of, 2.50.20implied terms of, 2.50.30

accept only compliant bids, duty to, 2.50.30(2)accept qualifying bid with best price, duty to, 2.50.30(4)disclose evaluative criteria, duty to, 2.50.30(3)fairness and equality, duty of, 2.50.30(1)irrevocability, 2.50.30(5)use of confidential information for bid shopping, 2.50.30(6)

invitation vs. offer, 2.50.20reservation of rights. See clauses reserving rights to owner

Contract B (construction contract), 2.50, 2.50.10failure to enter into contract, non-actionability, 2.50generally, 2.50owner obligations, 2.50practice and pleadings, 2.60private law of, 2.50privilege clause, 2.50remedies, 2.50.50

International and Domestic Trade Law, 2.50.50(3)

INDEX

IN-23 July 2017

TENDERING — continuedremedies — continued

administrative law remedies, 2.50.50(2)contract and tort, in, 2.50.50(1)Jurisdiction of the Canadian International Trade Tribunal and CivilActions Against the Crown, 2.50.50(4)

sub-contractors, 2.50.50(1)the New West Partnership Trade Agreement, 2.50.50(5)

Ron Engineering case, effect of, 2.50.10tender calls. See Contract A

tender package, invitation vs. offer, 2.50.20

TREATIESaboriginal

breach of, 2.30.10(5)(c)negotiation duties, 10.40.90treaty/reserve lands, interference with, 6.20.10(3)

takings and. See Takings, compensation re, treaties and declarations

TORTSconstitutional. See Charter damagesCrown servants, of, 1.40immunity from, abolishment of, 1.40malicious prosecution. See Malicious prosecutionmisfeasance in public office. See Misfeasance in public officenegligence. See Negligencenuisance. See Nuisancetendering remedies in, 2.50.50(1)

ULTRA VIRESapplications re regulations, 11.50.20enactment, 3.20.40(2)local governments, 1A.40.40ultra vires powers situations, 3.10

UNJUST ENRICHMENT. See Restitution

VOID/VOIDABLE CONTRACTS, 2.20.10

WATER. See Nuisance

ZONING, 6.10


IN-24

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