Political Development of the Presidents from Roxas to Marcos (1946-1986)
Independent Period 1946 - 1986 and Lectures/History... · Independent Period 1946 - 1986 Museum...
Transcript of Independent Period 1946 - 1986 and Lectures/History... · Independent Period 1946 - 1986 Museum...
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Independent Period1946 - 1986
Museum Volunteers of the Philippines
History course 2010-20111
Module leader: Sarah Sutherland
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Independent Period
Independence Day – July 4, 1946 EDSA
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Post War Problems facing the Philippines and the world
•reparation from USA and Japan,
•land reform
•housing shortage
•stagnant job market
•establishment of a new world order
•Independence
•social justice
•Collaborators
•Poverty, especially in rural areas
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Communism
• Cold War
• Warsaw Pact
• China becomes communist
• Korean war
• Vietnam war
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Transition to Independence
First President of the Commonwealth Government
• Died in exile 1 August, 1944 as a result of complications of tuberculosis
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Transition to Independence
Second President of the Commonwealth Government
• 1 August 1944 to 28 May 1946
• Sergio Osmeña arrived with MacArthur on the shores of Leyte
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40 years – 6 presidentsManuel Roxas Elpidio Quirino Ramon Magsaysay
Carlos Garcia
Diosdado Macapagal
Ferdinand Marcos
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Independence• Granted 4 July 1946
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Manuel Roxas
Third President of the CommonwealthFirst President of the Third Republic
• 28 May 1946
• Served on constitutional commissions
• Parity rights for Americans
• Lease of military bases
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Elpidio Quirino
Second President of the Third Republic
• 15 April 1948 to 30 December 1953
• Sent Filipino troops to Korea
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Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay
Third President of the Third Republic
• 30 December 1953 to 17 March 1957
• Handpicked by the CIA and groomed by Lansdale
• “Magsaysay is my guy”
• Changed the face of campaigning in the Philippines
• Sent Filipino troops to Vietnam
• Died tragically in a plane crash
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Carlos Polistico Garcia
Fourth President of the Third Republic
• 17 March 1957 to 30 December 1961
• Filipinos First policy
• Shortened the lease of the bases to 25 years.
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Diosdado Pangan Macapagal
Fifth President of the Third Republic
• 30 December 1961 to 30 December 1965
• Known for moving the national holiday to June 12, the day that Aguinaldo declared Independence
• Chief negotiator for the return of the Turtle Islands
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Ferdinand Edralin Marcos
Sixth President of the Third Republic
• 30 December 1965-1986
• First Filipino president to win re election (1969)
• Proclamation 1081 imposed Martial Law in 1972
• Barred judiciary from trying any cases that questioned the validity, legality or constitutionality of Proclamation 1081
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Ferdinand Edralin Marcos
• 1973 Constitution
• First Quarter Storm
• Constitutional authoritanarianism
• Crony Capitalism
• New Society
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Ferdinand Edralin Marcos
• Martial law was lifted with Proclamation No. 2045
• Announced snap elections
• EDSA Revolution
• Died in exile
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Wider Concepts
• Democracy
• Separation of powers
• Freedom of speech
• Role of constitutions
• Freedom of the press
• Political will