INDEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT AND INFORMAL CARE INFORMAL CARE

PROVISIONPROVISION

INDEPENDENT AND INFORMAL INDEPENDENT AND INFORMAL CARE PROVISION CARE PROVISION

Britain has a mixed economy care provision.Britain has a mixed economy care provision.

Many of the care services come from theMany of the care services come from the

a) Independent sector – a) Independent sector –

non-statutory organisations non-statutory organisations

private organisationsprivate organisations

b) Informal Carersb) Informal Carers

INDEPENDENT AND INFORMAL INDEPENDENT AND INFORMAL CARE PROVISIONCARE PROVISION

This care sector has become more This care sector has become more important over the last 20 years because:important over the last 20 years because:

The Conservative and Labour governments The Conservative and Labour governments have deliberately encouraged provision by the have deliberately encouraged provision by the independent sector.independent sector.

INDEPENDENT AND INFORMAL INDEPENDENT AND INFORMAL CARE PROVISIONCARE PROVISION

Demographic factors, including an ageing Demographic factors, including an ageing population, have created an increasing need population, have created an increasing need for health and social care services.for health and social care services.

An increasing number of women who work An increasing number of women who work outside the home have created a demand for outside the home have created a demand for more childcare.more childcare.

There is a shortage of public services in some There is a shortage of public services in some areas. areas.

INDEPENDENT AND INFORMAL INDEPENDENT AND INFORMAL CARE PROVISIONCARE PROVISION

It has also been suggested that the It has also been suggested that the change in people’s attitude towards health change in people’s attitude towards health and physical awareness has made the and physical awareness has made the public more willing to spend money on public more willing to spend money on such things as dentistry and cosmetic such things as dentistry and cosmetic surgery. surgery.

THE PRIVATE SECTORTHE PRIVATE SECTOR

This is a ‘market’ which sells care to This is a ‘market’ which sells care to people. This care includes such diverse people. This care includes such diverse services as screening and dentistry, services as screening and dentistry, home modifications, fertility treatment home modifications, fertility treatment and tertiary care when someone is and tertiary care when someone is dying. The people who provide private dying. The people who provide private care do so in order to make money.care do so in order to make money.

THE PRIVATE SECTORTHE PRIVATE SECTOR

Until recently, the individual had to buy the Until recently, the individual had to buy the care with cash or personal insurance. Lately, in care with cash or personal insurance. Lately, in some circumstances, it is possible to receive some circumstances, it is possible to receive private care which has been funded by public private care which has been funded by public bodies.bodies.

A partnership is agreed between a statutory A partnership is agreed between a statutory organisation and a private organisation e.g. organisation and a private organisation e.g. home care for older people, cataract surgery and home care for older people, cataract surgery and screening. This shows how the boundary screening. This shows how the boundary between the sectors is becoming less defined.between the sectors is becoming less defined.

FACTSFACTS

FactsFacts14 million people in Britain use private care in 14 million people in Britain use private care in one way or another one way or another many do so in order to avoid NHS waiting lists many do so in order to avoid NHS waiting lists many treatments are not available under the many treatments are not available under the NHS e.g. un-necessary cosmetic surgeryNHS e.g. un-necessary cosmetic surgery850 000 private treatments are undertaken 850 000 private treatments are undertaken every yearevery year1:3 private knee replacements1:3 private knee replacements1:2 private abortions1:2 private abortions

THE PRIVATE SECTORTHE PRIVATE SECTOR

Although this sector is growing, only the Although this sector is growing, only the services which the public are prepared to pay for services which the public are prepared to pay for are offered by the private sector. They tend to are offered by the private sector. They tend to be specialist services which are associated with be specialist services which are associated with lifestyle. lifestyle.

The statutory institutions (the NHS and the The statutory institutions (the NHS and the Local Authorities) tend to offer services to a Local Authorities) tend to offer services to a more diverse public sector which often needs more diverse public sector which often needs more complex and more expensive care. more complex and more expensive care.

THE PRIVATE SECTORTHE PRIVATE SECTOR

There is considerable There is considerable economiceconomic, , politicalpolitical and and ethicalethical debate concerning the debate concerning the increasing use of private services in the increasing use of private services in the country’s health and care services.country’s health and care services.

Put your mind to work….Put your mind to work….

Working in PairsWorking in Pairs

Discuss the advantages and Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using private services in disadvantages of using private services in connection with these three areas.connection with these three areas.

List your answersList your answers

THE PRIVATE SECTORTHE PRIVATE SECTOR

Examples of private provision in Health and Examples of private provision in Health and Social CareSocial Care

hospitals, nursing homes, residential homes, hospitals, nursing homes, residential homes, nurseries, clinicsnurseries, clinicsdrugs, medical apparatus, bandages etc, being drugs, medical apparatus, bandages etc, being sold to the NHS and local authoritiessold to the NHS and local authoritiestreatments, drugs without prescription, treatments, drugs without prescription, apparatus and therapies purchased directly apparatus and therapies purchased directly from private providers e.g. pharmacists, from private providers e.g. pharmacists, optician, dentist, practitioners of optician, dentist, practitioners of complementary and alternative medicinecomplementary and alternative medicine

THE VOLUNTARY SECTORTHE VOLUNTARY SECTOR

The Voluntary Sector originated in the The Voluntary Sector originated in the eighteenth century. Religious voluntary eighteenth century. Religious voluntary organisations, such as the Quakers and organisations, such as the Quakers and wealthy, philanthropic people like the wealthy, philanthropic people like the Cadbury family began supporting Cadbury family began supporting voluntary services to help the less voluntary services to help the less fortunate. But these were few and far fortunate. But these were few and far between because they were expensive to between because they were expensive to run and depended entirely on financial run and depended entirely on financial contributions. contributions.

THE VOLUNTARY SECTORTHE VOLUNTARY SECTOR

The Voluntary Sector:The Voluntary Sector:

was established as a result of a specific was established as a result of a specific need. No law was required to establish itneed. No law was required to establish it

is usually made up of registered charities – is usually made up of registered charities – they are non-profit makingthey are non-profit making

employs some staff while other workers employs some staff while other workers are volunteers. are volunteers.

THE VOLUNTARY SECTORTHE VOLUNTARY SECTOR

They traditionally focus more on social care They traditionally focus more on social care rather than on health.rather than on health.

They often ‘fill the gap’ left by the other They often ‘fill the gap’ left by the other sectors, e.g. care for the very poor or the sectors, e.g. care for the very poor or the homeless. They are not found in every area.homeless. They are not found in every area.

The care provided by the Independent Sector The care provided by the Independent Sector is monitored and moderated by:is monitored and moderated by:

a) The health care commissiona) The health care commission

b) Commission for social care reviewb) Commission for social care review

THE INFORMAL CARE SECTORTHE INFORMAL CARE SECTOR

According to a national survey in 1995, 1:8 According to a national survey in 1995, 1:8 adults in Britain provide informal care and adults in Britain provide informal care and 1:6 home includes a carer. A ‘carer’ is 1:6 home includes a carer. A ‘carer’ is someone who looks after a person who is someone who looks after a person who is ill, disabled or old in their own homes.ill, disabled or old in their own homes.

It is estimated that 7 million persons, It is estimated that 7 million persons, women mainly, are informal carers in women mainly, are informal carers in Britain. Britain.

THE INFORMAL CARE SECTORTHE INFORMAL CARE SECTOR

Facts:Facts:2:3 informal carers work in paid employment; also 2:3 informal carers work in paid employment; also parents are often dependent on their children, 10,000 parents are often dependent on their children, 10,000 carers are under 18 yrs old; the majority of carers are carers are under 18 yrs old; the majority of carers are womenwomen

Examples of the tasks undertaken by an informal carer:Examples of the tasks undertaken by an informal carer:assisting with personal care – dressing, washing etc. assisting with personal care – dressing, washing etc. shopping and collecting prescriptions, household shopping and collecting prescriptions, household cleaning, walking the dog for someone who is house cleaning, walking the dog for someone who is house bound, keeping company.bound, keeping company.

ASSESSING INFORMATIONASSESSING INFORMATION

Questions:Questions:

. . Why has the independent sector increased in Why has the independent sector increased in

importance over the last 20 years? importance over the last 20 years?

Describe the main characteristics of the private Describe the main characteristics of the private health care sector.health care sector.

Describe the main characteristics of the voluntary Describe the main characteristics of the voluntary

care sector. care sector.

Explain the importance of the role of informal carers.Explain the importance of the role of informal carers.

ASSESSING INFORMATIONASSESSING INFORMATION

In the UK health care provision is mostly via the In the UK health care provision is mostly via the statutory statutory organisations.organisations.What is the meaning of statutory?What is the meaning of statutory?Give an example of thisGive an example of thisThe The private private sector is?sector is?Give an example of thisGive an example of thisThe The voluntary voluntary sector is?sector is?Give an example of thisGive an example of thisThe voluntary and private sectors are called The voluntary and private sectors are called Independent sectors. Why?Independent sectors. Why?

CARECARE

Practitioners in the private and voluntary sectors Practitioners in the private and voluntary sectors can also offer statutory care services, if they can also offer statutory care services, if they receive a contract and finance from the receive a contract and finance from the government to do this. government to do this.

This does not happen often. Instead, these This does not happen often. Instead, these services usually offer non-statutary services, services usually offer non-statutary services, e.g. nursing home care, physiotherapy, to e.g. nursing home care, physiotherapy, to people who are willing to pay for them. people who are willing to pay for them.

CARECARE

Social careSocial care is any non-medical care is any non-medical care which offers support or help to vulnerable which offers support or help to vulnerable groups. The main users of social care groups. The main users of social care services are: services are: Children and familiesChildren and familiesOlder peopleOlder peoplePeople with disabilities (physical, People with disabilities (physical, sensory or learning)sensory or learning)People who suffer from mental strainPeople who suffer from mental strain

CARECARE

Social care is also provided via statutory, Social care is also provided via statutory, private and voluntary organisations. private and voluntary organisations.

Discuss and then make a list of Discuss and then make a list of different examples of social care different examples of social care services.services.

CLASS WORKCLASS WORK

Class WorkClass Work (on a sheet of A3 paper) :- (on a sheet of A3 paper) :-

Think of all the health, social care and childcare services Think of all the health, social care and childcare services which you know about.which you know about.

Group the services into the 3 categories mentioned above Group the services into the 3 categories mentioned above (table format).(table format).

Define the sector of each one (i.e. statutory, informal, Define the sector of each one (i.e. statutory, informal, independent)independent)

Specify whether the health services are primary, Specify whether the health services are primary, secondary or tertiary care secondary or tertiary care

Briefly note what is the main purpose of each serviceBriefly note what is the main purpose of each service

(The answers are to be found on page 531, 532, 554-559 in (The answers are to be found on page 531, 532, 554-559 in

the book ‘Babies and Young Children, UWIC)the book ‘Babies and Young Children, UWIC)

FURTHER WORKFURTHER WORK

Identify the 4 different care sectors Identify the 4 different care sectors which exist within the care system in which exist within the care system in the UK.the UK.

Explain the meaning of the terms Explain the meaning of the terms ‘mixed economy care’ and ‘internal ‘mixed economy care’ and ‘internal market’ in relation to care services.market’ in relation to care services.

What is the effect of the internal market What is the effect of the internal market on the care system?on the care system?