CATALYSTS and CATALYSIS

INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

Cabral, Daisy Anne

Garcia, Judith

Hernandez, Marianne

ChE 3201Engr. Neres Ann Manguiat

Instructor

Scope of the Report

Definition of Catalyst

How Catalysts Work

Types of Catalytic Reactions

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Importance of CatalysisTypes of CatalysisTypes of CatalystsCharacteristics of CatalystsImportant Industrial Processes Using CatalystsChoosing for a Good Catalyst for Industrial ProcessesSynthesis of Detergent Powder

Procedure 1

Materials

Castle soap

Washing Soda (Sodium carbonate)

Borax

Cheese grater

Essential oil

Big bowl

Spoon

Container

InstructionsFinely grate the bar of soap. Stand it in a bowl and use a cheese grater to crate the entire bar. You can also put it in a food processor to grind it to a nice fine consistency. When you're finished, no large chunks should remain; you want it fine enough to mix with the other powders.

Mix two parts washing soda and two parts borax. Place them in a big bowl that you won't be using for food purposes, and mix them well with a spoon.

Add one part grated soap. If you used 3 cups of washing soda and 3 cups of borax, mix in 1 1/2 cups of grated soap

Add baking soda or essential oil. This is an optional step that you can choose if you wish to personalize your detergent to meet your family's needs. Baking soda helps freshen clothes that have heavy smells that need to be removed, and essential oils add an extra scent that you might enjoy. A few drops will suffice.Store the detergent in a sealed plastic container with a measuring cup. If you tend to do extra large loads of laundry, plan on using 1/4 cup per load. For smaller loads, use 1/8 cup.

Procedure 2

Materials

Soap (for eco-friendly washing powder use biodegradable soap)Washing SodaSieve or CheeseclothWhite vinegarTable saltLarge bowlRasp or Cheese graterWaterWhisk

Instructions

1Fill a large bowl with 2/3 to 3/4 of a gallon of water. Hold a cheese grater or rasp over the bowl and begin grating the soap into the water, stirring to prevent the soap from sticking together. Allow this mixture to sit for up to one week and whisk it periodically to create a uniform consistency. This step liquefies the soap.

2Strain the soap and water mixture through a sieve or cheesecloth, pressing any lumps with the back of a spoon to force them through the sieve.

3Add 1/2 cup of washing soda, 1 soupspoon-sized measure of salt and 1 cup of vinegar to the mixture, whisking well.

4Add enough water to the mixture to create a total of 2 gallons. Mix well, and you have your own eco-friendly and inexpensive laundry detergent. To use, pour 1 cup of the detergent into each load of laundry.