Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J....

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Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School of Education Liberty University

Transcript of Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J....

Page 1: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for

Fostering Community

Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D.Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D.

School of EducationLiberty University

Page 2: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

About UsAmanda J. Rockinson-SzapkiwAmanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw– B.S. in Elementary Education; M.A. in Community Counseling;

Ed.D. in Distance Education– Chair of Doctoral Research & Assistant Professor, Educational

Technology and School Counseling at Liberty University

Lucinda S. SpauldingLucinda S. Spaulding– B.S. in Elementary Education; M.Ed. in Special Education;

Ph.D. in Special Education & Educational Psychology– Assistant Professor, Instructional Design and Graduate

Research at Liberty University

Page 3: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

Purpose

• Discuss findings of study examining factors associated with doctoral persistence.

• Present 5 practical strategies for improving doctoral persistence.

• Model specific practices that can improve doctoral programs.

• Discuss technologies and practices that can be used to improve programs.

Page 4: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community

1. Introduction2. Factors Related to Persistence and Attrition3. How to Increase Persistence 4. Tools for Increasing Persistence5. Reflection and Discussion6. Conclusion

Page 5: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

Four Factors of Persistence

• Personal Attributes• Social integration into the university• Program structure• Program resources and services

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Perceived Sense of Community

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Perceived Sense of Community

• In traditional settings, doctoral attrition rates are 40 – 60%

• In online settings, the attrition rate is 10 – 50% higher among doctoral students.

• A strong sense of community in either setting can lead to higher levels of persistence among doctoral students.

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Improving Community

(Garrison et al., 2000, p. 89).

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Using Social Presence To Increase Persistence

• Leverage technology– Wikis– FaceBook– Twitter– LinkedIn– Ning

• Adopt a cohort model

Page 10: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

Using Cognitive Presence to Increase Persistence

• Modeling– Critical Thinking– Reflective Processes– Organization– Summation techniques– Goal setting

• Frameworks (templates)

Page 11: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

Using Teaching Presence to Increase Persistence

• Communicate, communicate, communicate• Provide timely feedback that is personable,

yet academically challenging• E-conferencing systems for check-ins and

manuscript reviews• Audio feedback

Page 12: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

Increasing Persistence

• Opportunities to develop relationships with faculty.

• Peer relationships and connectedness• Cohort models• Opportunities for critical reflection and

evaluation.• Course opportunities with relevant content

Page 13: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.
Page 14: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

Fostering Community with Technology

• SharePoint– Administration– Candidate– Committee

• E-Conferencing– Skype– Illuminate

• Audio– Audacity

Page 15: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

The Dissertation Portal

Page 16: Increasing Doctoral Student Persistence: Strategies for Fostering Community Amanda J. Rockinson-Szapkiw, LPC, Ed.D. Lucinda S. Spaulding, Ph.D. School.

The Administration Portal

Master Lists’Master Lists’

Communication

RecordsCommunication

Records

Forms and Templates

Forms and Templates

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My Dissertation Portal

Document Libraries

Document Libraries

Task ListTask List

Discussion Forum

Discussion Forum

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The Committee Portal

Document

LibrariesDocument

Libraries

DiscussionForum

DiscussionForum

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Reflection & Conclusion

Fostering community in a doctoral program through practices is likely to lead to

persistence. This presentation will assist faculty and administrators in identifying how they can encourage doctoral persistence and completion through practices that increase

community.

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ReferencesBrandes, L. (2006). Graduate student centers: Building community and involving students. New Directions for Student Services, 115, 85-99.

Carr, S. (2000). As distance education comes of age, the challenge is keeping the students. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 46(23), A39-A41.

Galbraith, M. W. (2003). The adult education professor as mentor: A means to enhance teaching and learning. Perspectives: The New York . Journal of Adult

Learning, 1(1), 9-20.

Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal

of Distance Education, 15(1), 1-24.

Holsinger, J. W. (2008), Situational leadership applied to the dissertation process. Anatomical Sciences Education, 1(5), 194–198. doi: 10.1002/ase.37

Norris, C. J., & Barnett, B. (1994). Cultivating a new leadership paradigm: From cohorts to communities. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the

University Council of Educational Administration, Philadelphia, PA, October 1994.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED387877)

Rockinson-Szapkiw, A., J., & Spaulding, L. S. (2011, under review). Factors that contribute to the successful completion of educational doctorates: How the

universities can increase completion rates. The Review of Higher Education.

Rovai, A. P. (2002). Sense of community, perceived cognitive learning and persistence in asynchronous learning networks . Internet and Higher Education,

5(4), 319-332. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ663074) (doi:10.1016/S1096-7516(02)00130-6)

Seagram B., Gould J.& Pyke S. (1998) An investigation of gender and other variables on time to completion of doctoral degrees. Research in Higher Education

39 (3), 319–335.

Smallwood, S. (2004). Doctor dropout. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 50(2) 120-129.

Terrell, S. R., Snyder, M. M., & Dringus, L. P. (2009). The development, validation, and application of the Doctoral Student Connectedness Scale. Higher

Education and the Internet, 12(2), 112-116. Retrieved from http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1096751609000244

Wighting, M., Nisbet, D., & Spaulding, L. S. (2009). Relationships between sense of community and academic achievement: A comparison among high school

students. The International Journal of the Humanities, 7(3), 63-72.

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Contact Us

Amanda [email protected]://works.bepress.com/amanda_rockinson_szapkiw/

Lucinda [email protected] http://works.bepress.com/lucinda_spaulding/