Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple...

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Incomplete Incomplete Dominance and Dominance and Codominance Codominance

Transcript of Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple...

Page 1: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Incomplete Incomplete Dominance and Dominance and CodominanceCodominance

Page 2: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

ReviewReview

In pea plants, yellow flowers is In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual with the genotype Pp?a individual with the genotype Pp?

THE DOMINANT GENE ALWAYS

RULES

Page 3: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Incomplete DominanceIncomplete Dominance

In incomplete dominance, there is no In incomplete dominance, there is no recessive allele. Instead, in a recessive allele. Instead, in a heterozygous individual an heterozygous individual an intermediate phenotype is produced. intermediate phenotype is produced.

For example in flower colors with For example in flower colors with incomplete dominance, a red allele incomplete dominance, a red allele (R) with a white allele (W) would (R) with a white allele (W) would produce a pink flowerproduce a pink flower

Page 4: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Example ProblemExample Problem

When a mouse When a mouse with black fur (B) with black fur (B) is crossed with a is crossed with a mouse with white mouse with white fur (W), what is the fur (W), what is the phenotypic ratio phenotypic ratio for the F1 for the F1 generationgeneration

Page 5: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Example Problem 2Example Problem 2

What is the What is the expected expected phenotypic ratio of phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation the F1 generation when a gray mouse when a gray mouse is crossed with a is crossed with a white mouse?white mouse?

Page 6: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

CodominanceCodominance

Codominance: a relationship among Codominance: a relationship among alleles where both alleles contribute alleles where both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the to the phenotype of the heterozygote. However, instead of heterozygote. However, instead of getting a blend you see both colors.getting a blend you see both colors.

For example in flower colors with For example in flower colors with Codominance, a red allele (R) with a Codominance, a red allele (R) with a white allele (W) would produce a red white allele (W) would produce a red and white spotted flowerand white spotted flower

Page 7: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Example ProblemExample Problem

When a cattle with When a cattle with red fur (R) is red fur (R) is crossed with a cattle crossed with a cattle with white fur (W), with white fur (W), what is the what is the phenotypic ratio for phenotypic ratio for the F1 generation. the F1 generation. This gene follows This gene follows the codominance the codominance pattern of pattern of inheritanceinheritance

Page 8: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Example Problem 2Example Problem 2

What is the What is the expected expected phenotypic ratio of phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation the F1 generation when a roan cattle when a roan cattle (red and white (red and white spots) is crossed spots) is crossed with a red cattle?with a red cattle?

Page 9: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Identify as codominance or Identify as codominance or incomplete dominance. Then incomplete dominance. Then write how the other type of write how the other type of

inheritance would be inheritance would be representedrepresented a) Birds can be blue, white, or white with a) Birds can be blue, white, or white with

blue-tipped feathers.blue-tipped feathers.

b) Flowers can be white, pink, or red.b) Flowers can be white, pink, or red.

c) A Sneech can be tall, medium, or short.c) A Sneech can be tall, medium, or short.

d) A Bleexo can be spotted, black, or d) A Bleexo can be spotted, black, or white.white.

e) A mouse can be black, white, or graye) A mouse can be black, white, or gray

Page 10: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Blood Type Blood Type GeneticsGenetics

Page 11: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Parts of the BloodParts of the Blood

Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen to body Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen to body tissuestissues

Plasma - the liquid part of blood. It Plasma - the liquid part of blood. It contains many important substances contains many important substances which must be carried around the which must be carried around the body. For example it transportsbody. For example it transports Carbon Carbon dioxide hormones, vitamins, antibodiesdioxide hormones, vitamins, antibodies

Platelets: help in the clotting processPlatelets: help in the clotting process White blood cells: fight infectionsWhite blood cells: fight infections

Page 12: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

What Blood Types are?What Blood Types are? The differences in human blood are due to The differences in human blood are due to

the presence or absence of certain protein the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called antigens and antibodies.molecules called antigens and antibodies.

The antigens are located on the surface of The antigens are located on the surface of the red blood cells and the antibodies are the red blood cells and the antibodies are in the blood plasma. in the blood plasma.

Individuals have different types and Individuals have different types and combinations of these molecules. The combinations of these molecules. The blood group you belong to depends on blood group you belong to depends on what you have inherited from your parents.what you have inherited from your parents.

Page 13: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

WHAT????WHAT????

Antibodies fight foreign antigens in Antibodies fight foreign antigens in the body.the body.

ANTI B ANTIBODY

ANTIGEN B

Page 14: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

4 Blood Types4 Blood Types• • Type AType A

– – Type A antigens on blood cellsType A antigens on blood cells

• • Type BType B– – Type B antigens on red blood cellsType B antigens on red blood cells

• • Type AB (universal recipient)Type AB (universal recipient)– – Both A and B antigens on red blood Both A and B antigens on red blood

cellscells

• • Type O (universal donor)Type O (universal donor)– – Neither A nor B antigens on red blood Neither A nor B antigens on red blood

cellcell

Page 15: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Blood Type ChartBlood Type Chart

Page 16: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Adding the wrong blood Adding the wrong blood typetype

Page 17: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Blood TransfusionBlood Transfusion

A blood transfusion: process of A blood transfusion: process of transferring transferring bloodblood from one person from one person into the into the circulatory systemcirculatory system of of another. another.

Based on the blood chart table, what Based on the blood chart table, what type of blood can be used in a type of blood can be used in a transfusion of a person with B type transfusion of a person with B type blood?blood?

Page 18: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Blood TransfusionBlood Transfusion

Based on the blood chart table, what type Based on the blood chart table, what type of blood can be used in a transfusion of of blood can be used in a transfusion of a person with A type blood?a person with A type blood?

Based on the blood chart table, what type Based on the blood chart table, what type of blood can be used in a transfusion of of blood can be used in a transfusion of a person with AB type blood?a person with AB type blood?

Page 19: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Blood TransfusionBlood Transfusion

Based on the blood chart table, what Based on the blood chart table, what type of blood can be used in a type of blood can be used in a transfusion of a person with O type transfusion of a person with O type blood?blood?

Page 20: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Blood type inheritanceBlood type inheritance

Human blood type is determined by Human blood type is determined by codominant alleles. codominant alleles.

There are three different alleles, There are three different alleles, known as Iknown as IAA, I, IBB, and i. The I, and i. The IAA and I and IBB alleles are codominant, and the i alleles are codominant, and the i allele is recessive. allele is recessive.

Page 21: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Blood type inheritanceBlood type inheritance

Blood TypeBlood Type Possible GenotypesPossible Genotypes

AA IIAAIIAA

IIAAii

BB IIBBIIBB

IIBBii

ABAB IIAAIIBB

OO iiii

Page 22: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

Could a father with A type blood and Could a father with A type blood and a mother with AB type blood a mother with AB type blood produce a son with O type blood?produce a son with O type blood?

Page 23: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

Could a father with O type blood and Could a father with O type blood and a mother with AB type blood a mother with AB type blood produce a son with O type blood?produce a son with O type blood?

Page 24: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

Could a father with A type blood and Could a father with A type blood and a mother with B type blood produce a mother with B type blood produce a son with B type blood?a son with B type blood?

Page 25: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance. Review In pea plants, yellow flowers is recessive and purple flowers is dominant. What is the phenotype of a individual.

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

What is the probability that an AB What is the probability that an AB blood type father and an Iblood type father and an IAAi mother i mother will produce a child with a B blood will produce a child with a B blood type?type?