Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2009

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics AdministrationU.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2009

September 2010

Resources for Today’s News ConferenceCome to www.census.gov and click on the icon at top left corner to obtain –

• Today’s PowerPoint and Script• News Release• Findings at a Glance Summary• Analytical Report and Links to Detailed Tables• Fact Sheets on Income, Poverty and Health Insurance• Links to the First of Three Blogs on These Topics

http://www.census.gov/

1

• Median household money income for the nation was $49,800 in 2009, not statistically different from the 2008 median.

• The 2009 official poverty rate for the nation was 14.3 percent, up from 13.2 percent in 2008, with 43.6 million people in poverty, an increase of 3.7 million since 2008.

• Real median earnings of both men and women who worked full-time, year-round increased between 2008 and 2009. The female-to-male earnings ratio was 77 percent in 2009, not statistically different from the 2008 ratio.

• The percentage of people without health insurance coverage increased to 16.7 percent in 2009 from 15.4 percent in 2008. The number of uninsured increased to 50.7 million in 2009 from 46.3 million in 2008.

Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Highlights

2

Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2009

Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

$49,800

RecessionIncome in thousands (2009 dollars)60

45

30

15

0

$40,100

50

40

30

20

10

0

Poverty: 1959 to 2009

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

14.3%

43.6 million

RecessionNumbers in millions, rates in percent

1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2009

Poverty rate

Number in poverty

22.4%

39.5 million

3

196

196

197

197

197

197

197

198

198

198

198

198

199

199

199

199

199

200

200

200

200

No statistical change


4

Real Median Household Income and Poverty Rate: 1967 to 2009

Change surrounding recession. Poverty expressed as percentage point change. Income expressed as percentage change.Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

RecessionIncome in thousands (2009 dollars), rates in percent

- 4.2%

-1.7% - 5.7% - 6.0%- 4.2%

- 3.5%

60

45

30

15

0

Real median household income

Poverty rate

$49,800$40,100

14.3%14.2%

+1.9+1.2 +3.9 +1.2

1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2009

5

Women’s-to-Men’s Median Earnings Ratio and Real Median Earnings: 1960 to 2009(Full-time, year-round workers)


Recession

77%

$47,100

$36,300

Earnings in thousands (2009 dollars), ratio in percent

Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio

Earnings of men

Earnings of women

61%

$20,600

$34,000

80

60

40

20

0

Percentage of People Without Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2009


1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2009

Percent Recession

16.7%

12.9%

All people

Children

10.0%12.9%

20

15

10

5

0

6

Number of People Without Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2009


Numbers in millions Recession

1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2009

7.5 million

8.2 million

31.0 million

Children

All people

50.7 million

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

7

Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Age of Householder: 2008 and 2009

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.


15 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 years years old years old years old years old years old and older

2009

2008

-4.4%

-2.0%

-2.6%

No statisticalchange

+5.8%

Income in thousands (2009 dollars)80

60

40

20

0

8

Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Number of Earners: 2008 and 2009


No earners Two or more earners One earner

+5.2%

+1.3%


100

80

60

40

20

0

2009

2008Income in thousands (2009 dollars)

9

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

All male workers

Females,full-timeyear-round

All female workers

Males,full-time year-round

Total and Full-Time Year-Round Workers With Earnings by Sex: 1967 to 2009

RecessionNumbers in millions

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 10

53.2

81.9

73.0

56.1

43.236.6

34.4

14.8

Males, full-timeyear-round

All male workers

Females, full-time year-round

All female workers

Note: Income rounded to the nearest 100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Recession60

50

40

30

20

10

01960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2009

Real Median Earnings of Total Workers and Full-Time, Year-Round Workers by Sex : 1960 to 2009

Earnings in thousands (2009 dollars)

$26,000

$36,300$36,300

$47,100$34,000

$28,500

$20,600

$11,600

11

Household Income at Selected Percentiles: 1967 to 2009


$137,600

RecessionIncome in thousands (2009 dollars)

$49,800

$12,100

$84,400

$9,200

$40,100

10th

50th (median)

90th

150

120

90

60

30

0

12

0.370

Equivalence-adjusted income


Gini Index of Equivalence-Adjusted Income and Money Income: 1967 to 2009

0.3970.468

RecessionGini Index

13

0.458Money income

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

60

45

30

15

0

Poverty Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1959 to 2009


RecessionPercent

1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2009

12.5%

25.8%25.3%

9.4%

55.1%

22.8%16.1%

7.5% White, not Hispanic

Hispanic (any race) Asian

Black

14

50

40

30

20

10

0

Poverty Rates by Age: 1959 to 2009

Note: Data from 1960 to 1965 available only for people under 18 years old.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

RecessionPercent

1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2009

18 to 64 years old

Under 18 years old

17.0%

27.3%

35.2%

65 years and older

12.9%

20.7%

8.9%

15

Children with Income Below Specified Ratio of Their Poverty Threshold: 1980 to 2009


Percent of all children

50% to 99% of poverty threshold

100

80

60

40

20

01980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2009

Below 50% of poverty threshold



At or above 400% of poverty threshold

21.5%

30.4%

27.3%

11.4% 9.3%

24.0%

41.1%

16.6%

6.9% 11.4%

16

Poverty Rates for Families with Related Children Under 18 by Family Type: 1959 to 2009


RecessionPercent

38.5%

8.3%

59.9%

6.0%

Married-couple families

Female householder, no husband present

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

17

Evidence of “Doubling Up” in Response to the Economic Downturn: 2008 CPS compared to 2010 CPS

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. Note that while the CPS ASEC estimates poverty and income for the previous calendar year, household composition is measured at the time of the survey

Multifamily Households Aged 25 to 34 Living withParents

Related Subfamilies

+11.6%

+11.4%

16

12

8

4

0

2010 CPS

2008 CPS

Numbers in millions

18

+8.4%

• Interagency Technical Working Group on Developing a Supplemental Poverty Measure – OMB Chief Statistician• March 2010 road map/Federal register notice• First estimates will be released in September 2011• Will supplement, not replace, the official measure• Will not be used for eligibility determinations

• Thresholds derived by BLS from Consumer Expenditure data• Separate thresholds for renters, owners with and without

mortgages• Adjusted for geographic differences in housing costs

• Resource measure – money income• PLUS tax credits, nutritional, housing and energy assistance• MINUS child support paid, child care paid, other work

expenses, taxes, medical out of pocket expenditures

Supplemental Poverty Measure

19

Change in the Number of People Below Their Poverty Threshold Using Alternative Resource Measures: 2009

Alternative resource measures All peopleChildren under 18

Adults 18-64

Adults 65 and older

Money income plus cash value of SNAP* benefits -3.6 -1.7 -1.7 -0.2

Money income after income and payroll taxes -4.2 -2.9 -1.2 +0.03

Money income less Unemployment Insurance Benefits

+3.3 +1.0 +2.3 +0.1

Money income less Social Security income +20.5 +1.1 +5.4 +14.0

*Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formally food stamps)Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Unpublished data.

Numbers in millions

20

Percent

16.7%

30.6%

55.8%63.9%

75.5%

Government coverage

Employment-based coverage

Any private coverageRecession

62.1%

12.9%

23.3%

Uninsured rate

Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2009

80

60

40

20

0

1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2009

21

Under 18 18 to 64 years old

18 to 24 years old

25 to 34 years old

35 to 44 years old

45 to 64 years old

65 years and older

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35Percent


Percentage Point Change in Uninsured Rates by Age: 2008 and 2009

2008 2009


+2.0

+1.9 +2.6

+2.2

+1.7

Nostatistical change

22

Less than $25,000 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 or more0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Percentage Point Change in Uninsured Rates by Household Income: 2008 and 2009


Percent 2008 2009

+2.1


+2.1

+0.9

23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30 Percent

9.1%

16.0%

21.4%

26.6%24.8%

$50,000 to $74,999

$25,000 to $49,999

Less than $25,000

Recession

16.7%

5.3%

8.9%

$75,000 and over

Note: Income in 2009 dollars.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Uninsured Rates for All People by Household Income: 1987 to 2009

1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2009

24

0

5

10

15

20

25

30 Percent

5.4%

10.0%13.8%14.6%

26.1%

$50,000 to $74,999

$25,000 to $49,999

Less than $25,000

Recession

18.3%

3.7%

7.2%

$75,000 and over

Note: Income in 2009 dollars.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Uninsured Rates for Children by Household Income: 1987 to 2009

1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2009

25

Percentage Point Change in Uninsured Workers: 2008 and 2009


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

All workers

Worked full-time, year-round

Not full-time, year-round

+1.4%

+0.6%

2008 2009Percent

26

+2.7%

Upcoming Releases• September 28, 2010

– 2009 American Community Survey (ACS) one-year estimates for income, poverty, and health insurance coverage for all states and places with a population of 65,000 or more

• December 2010– 2009 ACS five-year estimates from 2005-2009 for income and

poverty for places down to the census tract level– 2009 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) of

poverty and median household income for counties and school-age poverty for school districts

27

Population Data Sets Scheduled for Release December 2010

• First 2010 Census data: state population counts and congressional apportionment figures for states

• National population estimates based on demographic analysis of vital registration, immigration and emigration data, with age, sex and some race detail

28


For additional questions, contact:Public Information Office

301-763-3030

www.census.govFor data and reports, visit:

29

Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2009


Additional slides

29

Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Age of Householder: 2007 and 2009


-4.0%

15 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 years years old years old years old years old years old and older

2009

2007

-6.5%

-4.9%

-5.0%-5.2%

+7.1%

Income in thousands (2009 dollars)80

60

40

20

0

31

RecessionIncome in thousands (2009 dollars)

Asian $65,500

$38,000$32,600

$54,500

Black

Hispanic (any race)

White, not Hispanic


12

Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1967 to 2009 75

60

45

30

15

0

$58,200

$47,300

$35,200

$24,300

Median Household Income by Nativity: 1994 to 2009


RecessionIncome in thousands (2009 dollars)60

45

30

15

0

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2009

$50,500$49,800

$52,000$53,900

$46,200

$47,000Native born

Total households

Naturalized citizen

Not a citizen$33,800 $36,100

32

No earners One earner Two or more earners0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


Percentage Point Change in Percentage of Households by Number of Earners: 2008 and 2009

2008 2009

+1.0

-1.3

+0.3

33

Percent


Income in thousands (2009 dollars)

Mean Income of Households in the Middle Quintile with Householder Age 65 and Older by Income Source: 2008 and 2009

2008 2009

34

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0Total Earnings Dividend Interest Retirement Public

AssistanceSelf Employment

Supplemental Security Income

Social Security

Survivor Income

Mean Income of Households with Householders Age 65 and Older by Income Source: 2008 and 2009


Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 2008 2009

35

Total Earnings Dividend Interest Retirement Public Assistance

Self Employment


Social Security

Survivor Income

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Mean Income of Households with Householders Under Age 65 by Income Source: 2008 and 2009


Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 2008 2009

36

Total Earnings Dividend Interest Retirement Public Assistance

Self Employment


Social Security

Survivor Income

Poverty Rates by Nativity: 1993 to 2009


Recession

Percent

25.1%

14.3%13.7%

15.1%Native bornAll people

Not a citizen

28.7%

10.8%Naturalized citizen10.1%

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

14.4%

37

50

40

30

20

10

0

Children in Poverty by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1974 to 2009


RecessionPercent

1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009

14.0%

35.7%33.1%

11.9%

39.8%

30.2%

23.5%

9.5% White, not Hispanic

Hispanic (any race)

Asian

Black

38

Evidence of “Doubling Up” in Response to the Economic Downturn: 2009 Poverty Rates


17.1%

8.5%

44.2% 42.8%

Related Subfamilies Aged 25 to 34 Living with Parents

40

30

20

10

0

Poverty Rate using Own Income

Official Poverty Rate

Percent below poverty threshold

Extra


Uninsured Children by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1987 to 2009

39

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Hispanic (any race)

Other race

Asian, not HispanicBlack, not Hispanic

White, not Hispanic

23.7%38.1%

3.2%

1.5%

3.2%

2.2%

16.1%

19.7%

38.3%52.9%

2009

Percent of all uninsured children100

80

60

40

20

0

Nativity and Citizenship Status of the Uninsured: 2009

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

All uninsured children

All children

All uninsured people

All people

0 20 40 60 80 100

87.6%

74.4%

96.3%

89.8%

5.3%

19.6%

2.9%

9.4%

0.8%

0.7%

6.0%

7.1%

PercentNative Born Citizen

Naturalized Citizen

Not a Citizen

40

Income Distribution of the Uninsured: 1999 to 2009

Note: Income in 2009 dollarsSource: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2000 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. 41

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Percent

$75,000 or more

$50,000 to $74,999

$25,000 to $49,999

Less than $25,000

12.4%

14.5%

33.8%

39.3%

20.8%

18.5%

30.1%

30.6%

100

80

60

40

20

0

Income Distribution of Uninsured Children: 1999 to 2009

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Percent

$75,000 or more

$50,000 to $74,999

$25,000 to $49,999

Less than $25,000 29.0%

31.5%

18.9%

20.6%

40.5%

35.3%

13.0%

11.2%

Note: Income in 2009 dollarsSource: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2000 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. 42

100

80

60

40

20

0

Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2009

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