Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2008
description
Transcript of Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2008
U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics AdministrationU.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2008
September 2009
Release Schedule• Today, September 10, 2009
– 2008 income, poverty and health insurance national level estimates from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS)
• September 22, 2009– 2008 American Community Survey (ACS) one-year estimates for
income and poverty– 2008 ACS one-year estimates for health insurance coverage
• Estimates will be available for the nation, all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, every congressional district and all counties, places and metropolitan areas with populations of 65,000 or more
• October 27, 2009– 2008 ACS three-year estimates from 2006-2008 for income and
poverty for places with populations of 20,000 or more
22
• Median household money income for the nation was $50,300 in 2008, a decline of 3.6 percent from 2007 in real terms. This decline in income coincides with the recession that started in December 2007.
• The 2008 official poverty rate for the nation was 13.2 percent up from 12.5 percent in 2007, with 39.8 million people in poverty, up from 37.3 million in 2007.
• Real median earnings of both men and women who worked full-time, year-round declined between 2007 and 2008. The female-to-male earnings ratio declined from 0.78 in 2007 to 0.77 in 2008.
• The number of people without health insurance coverage increased to 46.3 million in 2008 from 45.7 million in 2007. The 2008 uninsured rate for the nation was not statistically different from 2007, at 15.4 percent.
Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Highlights
3
1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2008
Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2008
Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
$50,300
RecessionIncome in thousands (2008 dollars)60
45
30
15
0
$40,300
4
YearMedian income
YearMedian income
1967 40,261 1988 47,6141968 41,995 1989 48,4631969 43,557 1990 47,8181970 43,219 1991 46,4451971 42,798 1992 46,0631972 44,632 1993 45,8391973 45,533 1994 46,3511974 44,091 1995 47,8031975 42,936 1996 48,4991976 43,649 1997 49,4971977 43,925 1998 51,2951978 45,625 1999 52,5871979 45,498 2000 52,5001980 44,059 2001 51,3561981 43,328 2002 50,7561982 43,212 2003 50,7111983 42,910 20041 50,5351984 44,242 2005 51,0931985 45,069 2006 51,4731986 46,665 2007 52,1631987 47,251 2008 50,303
Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2008(In 2008 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars)
Note: For changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in Appendix Table A-1 of the report, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2008, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-236.For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
1The 2004 data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Peak month YearTrough month
Year
November 1948 October 1949July 1953 May 1954August 1957 April 1958April 1960 February 1961December 1969 November 1970November 1973 March 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 November 1982July 1990 March 1991March 2001 November 2001December 2007
Recessions
Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.
50
40
30
20
10
0
Poverty: 1959 to 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
13.2%
39.8 million
RecessionNumbers in millions, rates in percent
1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 20081959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2008
Poverty rate
Number in poverty
22.4%
39.5 million
5
YearNumber in
povertyPoverty
rateYear
Number in
poverty
Poverty rate
1959 39.5 22.4 1984 33.7 14.41960 39.9 22.2 1985 33.1 14.01961 39.6 21.9 1986 32.4 13.61962 38.6 21.0 1987 32.2 13.41963 36.4 19.5 1988 31.7 13.01964 36.1 19.0 19891 32.4 13.11965 33.2 17.3 19901 32.7 13.81966 28.5 14.7 19911 34.7 14.51967 27.8 14.2 19921 38.0 14.81968 25.4 12.8 1993 39.3 15.11969 24.1 12.1 1994 38.1 14.51970 25.4 12.6 1995 36.4 13.81971 25.6 12.5 1996 36.5 13.71972 24.5 11.9 1997 35.6 13.31973 23.0 11.1 1998 34.5 12.71974 23.4 11.2 1999 32.8 11.91975 25.9 12.3 20002 31.6 11.31976 25.0 11.8 2001 32.9 11.71977 24.7 11.6 2002 34.6 12.11978 24.5 11.4 2003 35.9 12.51979 26.1 11.7 20043 37.0 12.71980 29.3 13.0 2005 37.0 12.61981 31.8 14.0 2006 36.5 12.31982 34.4 15.0 2007 37.3 12.51983 35.3 15.2 2008 39.8 13.2
Poverty: 1959 to 2008(Numbers in millions. Rates in percents.)
1Poverty data for 1989, 1992 and later years reflect 1990 Census population controls. The 1990 Census based estimates are not available for 1990 and 1991. The 1990 and 1991 poverty estimates were derived through ratio estimation.2Poverty data for 2000 consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion.3CPS 2005 ASEC file (2004 data) was corrected after the release of the 2004 Income, Poverty and Health Insurance report due to adjustments to the weights.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1960 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
Peak month YearTrough month
Year
November 1948 October 1949July 1953 May 1954August 1957 April 1958April 1960 February 1961December 1969 November 1970November 1973 March 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 November 1982July 1990 March 1991March 2001 November 2001December 2007
Recessions
Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 <www.nber.org>.
Size of family unit Threshold
One person (unrelated individual) $10,991Under 65 years 11,20165 years and older 10,326
Two people $14,051Householder under 65 years 14,417Householder 65 years and older 13,014
Three people $17,163Four people 22,025Five people 26,049Six people 29,456Seven people 33,529Eight people 37,220Nine people 44,346
Weighted Average Poverty Thresholds in 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2008
Real Median Household Income and Poverty Rate: 1967 to 2008
Change surrounding recession. Poverty expressed as percentage point change. Income expressed as percentage change.Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
RecessionIncome in thousands (2008 dollars), rates in percent
- 3.6%
-1.7% - 5.7% - 6.0%- 3.9%
- 3.5%
60
45
30
15
0
Real median household income
Poverty rate
$50,300$40,300
13.2%14.2%
0.81.2 3.8 1.1
6
Change in Real Median Household Income and Poverty
Real Median Household Income and Poverty Rate: 1967 to 2008(Income in 2008 dollars.)
YearMedian income
Poverty rate
YearMedian income
Poverty rate
1967 40,261 14.2 1988 47,614 13.01968 41,995 12.8 19891 48,319 13.11969 43,557 12.1 19901 47,818 13.81970 43,219 12.6 19911 46,445 14.51971 42,798 12.5 19921 46,063 14.81972 44,632 11.9 1993 45,839 15.11973 45,533 11.1 1994 46,351 14.51974 44,091 11.2 1995 47,803 13.81975 42,936 12.3 1996 48,499 13.71976 43,649 11.8 1997 49,497 13.31977 43,925 11.6 1998 51,295 12.71978 45,625 11.4 1999 52,587 11.91979 45,498 11.7 20002 52,500 11.31980 44,059 13.0 2001 51,356 11.71981 43,328 14.0 2002 50,756 12.11982 43,212 15.0 2003 50,711 12.51983 42,910 15.2 20043 50,535 12.71984 44,242 14.4 2005 51,093 12.61985 45,069 14.0 2006 51,473 12.31986 46,665 13.6 2007 52,163 12.51987 47,251 13.4 2008 50,303 13.2
1Data for 1989, 1992 and later years reflect 1990 Census population controls. The 1990 Census based estimates are not available for 1990 and 1991. The 1990 and 1991 poverty estimates were derived through ratio estimation.2Data for 2000 consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion.3CPS 2005 ASEC file (2004 data) was corrected after the release of the 2004 Income, Poverty and Health Insurance report due to adjustments to the weights.
Note: For changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in Appendix Table A-1 of the report, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2008, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-236.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
Recessions1
Income years2
Percentage change in real median income
Percentage point change in the poverty rate
Peak Trough
December 1969 November 1970 1969 to 1971 *-1.7 0.4
November 1973 March 1975 1973 to 1975 *-5.7 *1.2
January 1980 July 19801978 to 1983 *-6.0 *3.8
July 1981 November 1982
July 1990 March 1991 19893 to 1991 *-3.9 *1.1
March 2001 November 2001 1999 to 2002 *-3.5 0.2
December 2007 2007 to 2008 *-3.6 *0.8*Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.1Recessions are determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research, a private research organization. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138 <www.nber.org>.2Income years are based on peak income year prior to or during the start of the recession and the trough income year near or after the end of the recession.3For comparability purposes, the 1989 median household income used in this calculation ($48,319 in 2008 dollars), is based on data that reflect the implementation of the 1990 decennial census population controls. This median is different from the median shown in Table A-1, which is based on 1980 census population controls.
Note: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1970 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008
Women’s-to-Men’s Median Earnings Ratio and Real Median Earnings: 1960 to 2008(Full-time, year-round workers)
Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Recession
77.0%
$46,400
$35,700
Earnings in thousands (2008 dollars), ratio in percent
Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio
Earnings of men
Earnings of women
61.0%
$20,700
$34,200
80
60
40
20
0
7
Me
n W
om
en
Yea
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(NA
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(NA
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62 (N
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6 (N
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93
1
963
(NA
) 36,7
87
(NA
) 21,6
85
0.58
9
19
64 (N
A) 37
,64
7 (N
A) 22
,26
8 0.5
91
1
965
(NA
) 38,1
83
(NA
) 22,8
81
0.59
9
19
66 (N
A) 39
,85
1 (N
A) 22
,93
6 0.5
76
1
967
36
,645
40,4
80
14
,84
6 23
,391
0.57
8
19
68 3
7,0
68 4
1,56
7 1
5,01
3 2
4,1
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2 1
969
37
,008
43
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15,3
74
25
,841
0.5
89
19
70 3
6,1
32 4
4,36
7 1
5,47
6 2
6,3
40 0
.59
4 1
971
36
,819
44
,557
16,0
02
26
,514
0.5
95
19
72 3
8,1
84 4
6,95
6 1
6,67
5 2
7,1
69 0
.57
9 1
973
39
,581
48
,452
17,1
95
27
,440
0.5
66
19
74 3
7,9
16 4
6,71
3 1
6,94
5 2
7,4
46 0
.58
8 1
975
37
,267
46
,422
17,4
52
27
,30
5 0.5
88
19
76 3
8,1
84 4
6,29
5 1
8,07
3 2
7,8
66 0
.60
2 1
977
39
,263
47
,336
19,2
38
27
,89
2 0.5
89
19
78 4
1,0
36 4
7,64
2 2
0,91
4 2
8,3
19 0
.59
4 1
979
42
,437
47
,026
22,0
82
28
,05
7 0.5
97
19
80 4
1,8
81 4
6,30
3 2
2,85
9 2
7,8
56 0
.60
2 1
981
41
,773
46
,022
23,3
29
27
,26
1 0.5
92
19
82 4
0,1
05 4
5,15
3 2
3,70
2 2
7,8
80 0
.61
7 1
983
41
,528
44
,956
25,1
66
28
,58
9 0.6
36
19
84 4
3,8
08 4
5,82
7 2
6,46
6 2
9,1
73 0
.63
7 1
985
44
,943
46
,171
27,3
83
29
,81
5 0.6
46
19
86 4
5,9
12 4
7,33
8 2
8,42
0 3
0,4
24 0
.64
3 1
987
47
,013
47
,042
29,9
12
30
,66
1 0.6
52
19
88 4
8,2
85 4
6,61
9 3
1,23
7 3
0,7
91 0
.66
0 1
989
49
,678
45
,822
31,3
40
31
,46
7 0.6
87
19
90 4
9,1
71 4
4,20
1 3
1,68
2 3
1,6
55 0
.71
6 1
991
47
,888
45
,358
32,4
36
31
,68
6 0.6
99
19
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8,5
51 4
5,40
3 3
3,24
1 3
2,1
39 0
.70
8 1
993
49
,818
44
,616
33,5
24
31
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9 0.7
15
19
94 5
1,5
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4,32
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4,15
5 3
1,9
00 0
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0 1
995
52
,667
44
,184
35,4
82
31
,56
0 0.7
14
19
96 5
3,7
87 4
3,92
4 3
6,43
0 3
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99 0
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8 1
997
54
,909
45
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37,6
83
33
,40
3 0.7
42
19
98 5
6,9
51 4
6,62
5 3
8,78
5 3
4,1
16 0
.73
2 1
999
58
,299
47
,024
40,8
71
34
,00
5 0.7
23
20
00 5
9,6
02 4
6,57
6 4
1,71
9 3
4,3
36 0
.73
7 2
001
58
,712
46
,548
41,6
39
35
,53
0 0.7
63
20
02 5
8,7
61 4
7,18
9 4
1,87
6 3
6,1
48 0
.76
6 2
003
58
,772
47
,609
41,9
08
35
,96
8 0.7
55
20
041 6
0,0
88 4
6,5
02
42,3
80
35
,610
0.7
66
20
05 6
1,5
00 4
5,64
4 4
3,35
1 3
5,1
36 0
.77
0 2
006
63
,055
45
,130
44,6
63
34
,72
2 0.7
69
20
07 6
2,9
84 4
6,84
6 4
5,61
3 3
6,4
51 0
.77
8 2
008
59
,861
46
,367
44,1
56
35
,74
5 0.7
71
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Peak T
rou
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mo
nth
Year m
on
th Y
ear
Novem
ber 1948 October 1949
July 1953 May 1954
August 1957 A
pril 1958A
pril 1960 February 1961
Decem
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ber 1970N
ovember 1973 M
arch 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 N
ovember 1982
July 1990 March 1991
March 2001 N
ovember 2001
Decem
ber 2007
Percent of People Without Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
Percent Recession
15.4%12.9%
All people
Children
9.9%12.9%
20
15
10
5
0
8
Percent of People Without Heath Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008(Rates in percents)
Year All people Children
1987 12.9 12.9
1988 13.4 13.1
1989 13.6 13.3
1990 13.9 13.0
1991 14.1 12.7
1992 15.0 12.7
1993 15.3 13.7
1994 15.2 14.2
1995 15.4 13.8
1996 15.4 14.7
1997 15.7 14.7
1998 15.8 15.0
1999 15.0 13.5
19991 14.0 12.5
2000 13.7 11.6
2001 14.1 11.3
2002 14.7 11.2
2003 15.1 11.0
2004 14.9 10.5
2005 15.3 10.9
2006 15.8 11.7
2007 15.3 11.0
2008 15.4 9.9
Peak month YearTrough month
Year
November 1948 October 1949
July 1953 May 1954
August 1957 April 1958
April 1960 February 1961
December 1969 November 1970
November 1973 March 1975
January 1980 July 1980
July 1981 November 1982
July 1990 March 1991
March 2001 November 2001
December 2007
Recessions
Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.
Note: Respondents were not asked detailed health insurance questions before the 1988 Current Population Survey. The series in 1996 reflects an approximation of the impact of an editing error that was corrected in the 2005 ASEC (estimates of 2004 coverage).
1Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls occurred for the 2000 ASEC, which collected data for 1999. These estimates also reflect the results of follow-up verification questions which were asked of people who responded "no" to all questions about specific types of health insurance coverage in order to verify whether they were actually uninsured. This change increased the number and percentage of people covered by health insurance, bringing the CPS more in line with estimates from other national surveys. The data points are placed at the midpoints of the respective years.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
Number of People Without Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Numbers in millions Recession50
40
30
20
10
01987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
7.3 million
8.2 million
31.0 million
Children
All people 46.3 million
9
Number of People Without Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008(Numbers in millions)
Year All people Children
1987 31.0 8.2 1988 32.7 8.4 1989 33.4 8.5 1990 34.7 8.5 1991 35.4 8.4 1992 38.6 8.7 1993 39.7 9.6 1994 39.7 10.0 1995 40.6 9.8 1996 41.1 10.4
1997 42.4 10.5 1998 42.9 10.8 1999 41.0 9.7
19991 38.8 9.0 2000 38.4 8.4 2001 39.8 8.2 2002 42.0 8.2 2003 43.4 8.1 2004 43.5 7.7 2005 44.8 8.1 2006 47.0 8.7 2007 45.7 8.1 2008 46.3 7.3
Peak month YearTrough month
Year
November 1948 October 1949
July 1953 May 1954
August 1957 April 1958
April 1960 February 1961
December 1969 November 1970
November 1973 March 1975
January 1980 July 1980
July 1981 November 1982
July 1990 March 1991
March 2001 November 2001
December 2007
Recessions
Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.
Note: Respondents were not asked detailed health insurance questions before the 1988 Current Population Survey. The series in 1996 reflects an approximation of the impact of an editing error that was corrected in the 2005 ASEC (estimates of 2004 coverage).
1Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls occurred for the 2000 ASEC, which collected data for 1999. These estimates also reflect the results of follow-up verification questions which were asked of people who responded "no" to all questions about specific types of health insurance coverage in order to verify whether they were actually uninsured. This change increased the number and percentage of people covered by health insurance, bringing the CPS more in line with estimates from other national surveys. The data points are placed at the midpoints of the respective years.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Age of Householder: 2007 and 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
15 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 years years years years years years and older
2008
2007
-2.2%
-3.0%
-2.4%-5.4%
-3.9%
No statisticalchange
Income in thousands (2008 dollars)80
60
40
20
0
10
Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Age of Householder: 2007 and 2008(Income in 2008 dollars. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>)
*Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Age of householderMedian income
Percentage change (2008 less 2007)2007 2008
Total 52,163 50,303 *-3.615 to 24 years 33,011 32,270 *-2.225 to 34 years 52,976 51,400 *-3.035 to 44 years 64,511 62,954 *-2.445 to 54 years 67,992 64,349 *-5.455 to 64 years 59,591 57,265 *-3.965 years and older 29,393 29,744 1.2
Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Number of Earners: 2007 and 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
No earner Two or more earners One earner
+2.6%
-3.6%
-3.1%
100
80
60
40
20
0
2008
2007Income in thousands (2008 dollars)
11
Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Number of Earners: 2007 and 2008(Income in 2008 dollars. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>)
Number of earners in household
Median incomePercentage
change (2008 less
2007)2007 2008
Total households 52,163 50,303 *-3.6No earner 18,164 18,628 *2.6One earner 42,274 40,772 *-3.6Two or more earners 85,196 82,576 *-3.1
*Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2008
RecessionIncome in thousands (2008 dollars)
Asian $65,600
$37,900$34,200
$55,500
Black
Hispanic (any race)
White, not Hispanic
Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1967 to 2008 75
60
45
30
15
0
$58,400
$47,500
$35,300
$24,400
12
Hisp
anic
Wh
ite, orig
in Y
ear All races n
ot H
ispan
ic2 B
lack Asian
3 (any race)
2
1967 40,261 (NA
) 24,377 (N
A) (N
A)
1968 41,995 (NA
) 25,784 (NA
) (NA
) 1969 43,557 (N
A) 27,477 (N
A) (N
A)
1970 43,219 (NA
) 27,399 (NA
) (NA
) 1971 42,798 (N
A) 26,443 (N
A) (N
A)
1972 44,632 47,490 27,330 (NA
) 35,334 1973 45,533 48,140 28,090 (N
A) 35,276
1974 44,091 46,505 27,422 (NA
) 35,069 1975 42,936 45,240 26,955 (N
A) 32,257
1976 43,649 46,656 27,188 (N
A) 32,924
1977 43,925 47,106 27,257 (N
A) 34,458
1978 45,625 48,323 28,503 (NA
) 35,748 1979 45,498 48,375 28,007 (N
A) 36,048
1980 44,059 47,306 26,779 (N
A) 33,961
1981 43,328 46,440 25,689 (NA
) 34,755 1982 43,212 45,997
25,639 (NA
) 32,515 1983 42,910 (N
A)
25,536 (NA
) 32,680 1984 44,242 47,643
26,589 (NA
) 33,539 1985 45,069 48,600 28,279 (N
A) 33,328
1986 46,665 50,176 28,265 (N
A) 34,398
1987 47,251 51,152 28,414 58,428 35,058
1988 47,614 51,722 28,694 56,432 35,606
1989 48,463 52,074 30,317 60,527 36,752
1990 47,818 51,015 29,825 61,403 35,660 1991 46,445 49,832 28,995 56,193 34,982 1992 46,063 50,054 28,199 56,836 33,976 1993 45,839 50,142 28,660 56,266 33,580 1994 46,351 50,463 30,208 58,157 33,647 1995 47,803 52,155 31,414 56,975 32,069 1996 48,499 53,001 32,087 59,135 34,033 1997 49,497 54,274 33,506 60,523 35,617 1998 51,295 55,983 33,442 61,521 37,371 1999 52,587 57,059
36,065 65,850 39,730 2000 52,500 57,042 37,093 69,713 41,470 2001 51,356 56,314
35,840 65,228 40,820 2002 50,756 56,131 34,739 62,984 39,618 2003 50,711 55,931 34,705 65,206 38,629 2004
4 50,535 55,751 34,304 65,547 39,064 2005 51,093 56,009 34,033 67,380 39,668 2006 51,473 55,982 34,139 68,599 40,346 2007 52,163 57,030 35,219 68,643 40,165 2008 50,303 55,530 34,218 65,637 37,913
Rec es sio
ns
Sourc e: N
ati ona l Bureau of
Ec onom
i c Res ear ch , 1050
Mas s ac hus et ts A
v enue, Cam
br idge, M
A 02138
<w
ww
.nber. org>.
Peak T
rou
gh
mo
nth
Year m
on
th Y
ear
Novem
ber 1948 October 1949
July 1953 May 1954
August 1957 A
pril 1958A
pril 1960 February 1961
Decem
ber 1969 Novem
ber 1970N
ovember 1973 M
arch 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 N
ovember 1982
July 1990 March 1991
March 2001 N
ovember 2001
Decem
ber 2007
Med
ian H
ou
seh
old
Inco
me b
y R
ace1 an
d H
ispan
ic O
rigin
: 1967 to
2008(In
com
e in 2
008
CP
I-U-R
S a
djuste
d do
llars)
Note: F
or changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in A
ppendix Table A
-1 of the report, Incom
e, Poverty, and H
ealth Insurance Coverage in the U
nited States: 2008, U
.S. C
ensus Bureau,
Current P
opulation Reports, P
60-236.F
or information on confidentiality protection, sam
pling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see
<w
ww
.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>
.
(NA
) Not available.
1Begining w
ith the 2003 CP
S, respondents w
ere allowed to choose one or m
ore races. This table presents
the single-race population for 2002 to 2008. The use of this single-race population does not im
ply that it is the preferred m
ethod of presenting or analyzing the data. For 2001 and earlier years, the C
PS
allowed
respondents to report only one race. 2D
ata were first collected for H
ispanics in 1972.3F
or 2001 and earlier, data are for Asians and P
acific Islanders. Data w
ere first collected for Asians and
Pacific Islanders in 1987.
4Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the w
eights in the 2005 AS
EC
.
Source: U
.S. C
ensus Bureau, C
urrent Population S
urvey, 1968 to 2009 Annual S
ocial and Econom
ic S
upplements.
1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2008
Household Income at Selected Percentiles: 1967 to 2008
Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
RecessionIncome in thousands (2008 dollars)
$50,300
$12,200
$84,800
$9,200
$40,300
10th
50th (median)
90th
150
120
90
60
30
0
13
$138,300
10th 50
th 90th
percen
tile percen
tile percen
tileY
ear limit (m
edian
) limit
1967 9,187
40,261 84,771
1968 10,001 41,995
86,7791969
10,260 43,557
91,5731970
10,025 43,219
92,4111971
10,183 42,798
92,4421972
10,858 44,632
97,5761973
11,370 45,533
100,7081974
11,447 44,091
98,1641975
11,134 42,936
94,9691976
11,196 43,649
97,3721977
11,334 43,925
99,0671978
11,567 45,625
102,9771979
11,346 45,498
103,7571980
11,195 44,059
101,759 1981
11,040 43,328
101,7771982
10,842 43,212
102,8361983
10,801 42,910
103,7871984
11,245 44,242
107,4331985
11,253 45,069
109,0731986
11,212 46,665
113,1161987
11,308 47,251
115,6811988
11,480 47,614
117,1761989
12,071 48,463
120,6351990
11,690 47,818
118,3351991
11,442 46,445
116,9881992
111,277
46,063 116,602
199311,278
45,839 119,937
199411,533
46,351 121,945
199512,171
47,803 123,028
199612,175
48,499 125,783
199712,326
49,497 130,629
199812,796
51,295 133,630
199913,369
52,587 139,270
200013,231
52,500 140,033
200112,996
51,356 138,189
200212,710
50,756 136,572
200312,334
50,711 138,374
20042
12,431 50,535
137,7722005
12,449 51,093
139,0642006
12,815 51,473
142,0282007
12,629 52,163
141,2262008 12,161 50,303 138,300
Rec es sio
ns
Sourc e : N
a ti ona l Bu reau of
Ec onom
i c Res ea r ch, 1050
Mas s ac hus et ts A
v enue, Cam
br idge, M
A 02138
<w
ww
.nber. o rg>.
Peak T
rou
gh
mo
nth
Year m
on
th Y
ear N
ovember 1948 O
ctober 1949July 1953 M
ay 1954A
ugust 1957 April 1958
April 1960 F
ebruary 1961D
ecember 1969 N
ovember 1970
Novem
ber 1973 March 1975
January 1980 July 1980July 1981 N
ovember 1982
July 1990 March 1991
March 2001 N
ovember 2001
Decem
ber 2007
Ho
useh
old
Inc
om
e at S
ele
cted
Percen
tiles: 1967 to
2008
(Inco
me in
20
08 C
PI-U
-RS
adju
sted d
olla
rs.)
Note: F
or changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in A
ppendix Table A
-1 of the report, Incom
e, Poverty, and H
ealth Insurance Coverage in the U
nited States: 2008, U
.S. C
ensus Bureau,
Current P
opulation Reports, P
60-236.F
or information on confidentiality protection, sam
pling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see
<w
ww
.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>
.
1Change in data collection m
ethodology suggests pre-1993 and post-1992 estimates are not com
parable. (S
ee Current P
opulation Reports, “T
he Changing S
hape of the Nation’s Incom
e Distribution: 1947-1998,”
P60-204, for m
ore details.)2D
ata have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 A
SE
C.
Source: U
.S. C
ensus Bureau, C
urrent Population S
urvey, 1968 to 2009 Annual S
ocial and Econom
ic S
upplements.
50
40
30
20
10
0
Poverty Rates by Age: 1959 to 2008
Note: Data from 1960 to 1965 available only for people under 18 years old.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
RecessionPercent
1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2008
18 to 64 years old
Under 18 years old
17.0%
27.3%
35.2%
65 years and older
11.7%
19.0%
9.7%
14
YearUnder 18 years of
age
18 to 64 years
65 years and over
YearUnder 18 years of
age
18 to 64 years
65 years and over
1959 27.3 17.0 35.2 1984 21.5 11.7 12.41960 26.9 (NA) (NA) 1985 20.7 11.3 12.61961 25.6 (NA) (NA) 1986 20.5 10.8 12.41962 25.0 (NA) (NA) 1987 20.3 10.6 12.51963 23.1 (NA) (NA) 1988 19.5 10.5 12.01964 23.0 (NA) (NA) 1989 19.6 10.2 11.41965 21.0 (NA) (NA) 1990 20.6 10.7 12.21966 17.6 10.5 28.5 1991 21.8 11.4 12.41967 16.6 10.0 29.5 1992 22.3 11.9 12.91968 15.6 9.0 25.0 1993 22.7 12.4 12.21969 14.0 8.7 25.3 1994 21.8 11.9 11.71970 15.1 9.0 24.6 1995 20.8 11.4 10.51971 15.3 9.3 21.6 1996 20.5 11.4 10.81972 15.1 8.8 18.6 1997 19.9 10.9 10.51973 14.4 8.3 16.3 1998 18.9 10.5 10.51974 15.4 8.3 14.6 19991 17.1 10.1 9.71975 17.1 9.2 15.3 20002 16.2 9.6 9.91976 16.0 9.0 15.0 2001 16.3 10.1 10.11977 16.2 8.8 14.1 2002 16.7 10.6 10.41978 15.9 8.7 14.0 2003 17.6 10.8 10.21979 16.4 8.9 15.2 20043 17.8 11.3 9.81980 18.3 10.1 15.7 2005 17.6 11.1 10.11981 20.0 11.1 15.3 2006 17.4 10.8 9.41982 21.9 12.0 14.6 2007 18.0 10.9 9.71983 22.3 12.4 13.8 2008 19.0 11.7 9.7
Poverty Rates by Age: 1959 to 2008(Percent)
(NA) Not available.1Consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls.2Consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion.3CPS 2005 ASEC file (2004 data) was corrected after the release of the 2004 Income, Poverty and Health Insurance report due to adjustments to the weights.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1960 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
Peak month YearTrough month
Year
November 1948 October 1949July 1953 May 1954August 1957 April 1958April 1960 February 1961December 1969 November 1970November 1973 March 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 November 1982July 1990 March 1991March 2001 November 2001December 2007
Recessions
Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.
60
45
30
15
0
Poverty by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1959 to 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
RecessionPercent
1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2008
11.8%
24.7%
23.2%
8.6%
55.1%
22.8%
16.1%
7.5% White, not Hispanic
Hispanic (any race) Asian
Black
15
Po
ve
rty b
y R
ac
e1 a
nd
His
pa
nic
Orig
in: 1
95
9 to
20
08
(Perce
nt)
(NA
) Not available.
1Starting w
ith the 2003 CP
S, respondents w
ere allowed to choose m
ore than one race. This table presents
the single-race population for 2002 to 2006. For exam
ple White alone refers to people w
ho reported White
and did not report any other race category. For 2001 and earlier years, the C
PS
allowed respondents to
report only one race group.2C
onsistent with 2001 data through im
plementation of C
ensus 2000-based population controls.3C
onsistent with 2001 data through im
plementation of C
ensus 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sam
ple expansion.4C
PS
2005 AS
EC
file (2004 data) was corrected after the release of the 2004 Incom
e, Poverty and H
ealth Insurance report due to adjustm
ents to the weights.
So urce : U
.S. C
e nsu s Bu reau , C
ur rent Popu latio n S
u rvey ,196 0 to 2009 Ann ual S
ocia l and Eco nom
ic S
u pple ment s. F
or in formation on c onfi denti ality prote ctio n, sa m
plin g er ror, n ons amp ling e rror, and defi nition s,
se e <w
ww
.c ensu s.go v/ap sd/te chd oc/cp s/cp sma r09.p df>
.
Rec es sio
ns
Sourc e: N
ati ona l Bureau of
Ec onom
i c Res ear ch , 1050
Mas s ac hus et ts A
v enue, Cam
br idge, M
A 02138
<w
ww
.nber. org>.
Peak T
rou
gh
mo
nth
Year m
on
th Y
ear
Novem
ber 1948 October 1949
July 1953 May 1954
August 1957 A
pril 1958A
pril 1960 February 1961
Decem
ber 1969 Novem
ber 1970N
ovember 1973 M
arch 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 N
ovember 1982
July 1990 March 1991
March 2001 N
ovember 2001
Decem
ber 2007
Wh
ite Wh
ite Asian
and
H
ispan
ic A
ll Wh
ite alon
e, no
t no
t Black A
sian P
acific (of an
yY
ear races alon
e Wh
ite Hisp
anic H
ispan
ic alon
e Black alo
ne Islan
der race)
1959 22.4 (NA
) 18.1 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) 55.1 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) 1960 22.2 (N
A) 17.8 (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A)
1961 21.9 (NA
) 17.4 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) 1962 21.0 (N
A) 16.4 (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A)
1963 19.5 (NA
) 15.3 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) 1964 19.0 (N
A) 14.9 (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) (N
A)
1965 17.3 (NA
) 13.3 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) 1966 14.7 (N
A) 11.3 (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) 41.8 (N
A) (N
A) (N
A)
1967 14.2 (NA
) 11.0 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) 39.3 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) 1968 12.8 (N
A) 10.0 (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) 34.7 (N
A) (N
A) (N
A)
1969 12.1 (NA
) 9.5 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) 32.2 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) 1970 12.6 (N
A) 9.9 (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) 33.5 (N
A) (N
A) (N
A)
1971 12.5 (NA
) 9.9 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
) 32.5 (NA
) (NA
) (NA
)1972 11.9 (N
A) 9.0 (N
A) (N
A) (N
A) 33.3 (N
A) (N
A) 22.8
1973 11.1 (NA
) 8.4 (NA
) 7.5 (NA
) 31.4 (NA
) (NA
) 21.91974 11.2 (N
A) 8.6 (N
A) 7.7 (N
A) 30.3 (N
A) (N
A) 23.0
1975 12.3 (NA
) 9.7 (NA
) 8.6 (NA
) 31.3 (NA
) (NA
) 26.91976 11.8 (N
A) 9.1 (N
A) 8.1 (N
A) 31.1 (N
A) (N
A) 24.7
1977 11.6 (NA
) 8.9 (NA
) 8.0 (NA
) 31.3 (NA
) (NA
) 22.41978 11.4 (N
A) 8.7 (N
A) 7.9 (N
A) 30.6 (N
A) (N
A) 21.6
1979 11.7 (NA
) 9.0 (NA
) 8.1 (NA
) 31.0 (NA
) (NA
) 21.81980 13.0 (N
A) 10.2 (N
A) 9.1 (N
A) 32.5 (N
A) (N
A) 25.7
1981 14.0 (NA
) 11.1 (NA
) 9.9 (NA
) 34.2 (NA
) (NA
) 26.51982 15.0 (N
A) 12.0 (N
A) 10.6 (N
A) 35.6 (N
A) (N
A) 29.9
1983 15.2 (NA
) 12.1 (NA
) 10.8 (NA
) 35.7 (NA
) (NA
) 28.01984 14.4 (N
A) 11.5 (N
A) 10.0 (N
A) 33.8 (N
A) (N
A) 28.4
1985 14.0 (NA
) 11.4 (NA
) 9.7 (NA
) 31.3 (NA
) (NA
) 29.01986 13.6 (N
A) 11.0 (N
A) 9.4 (N
A) 31.1 (N
A) (N
A) 27.3
1987 13.4 (NA
) 10.4 (NA
) 8.7 (NA
) 32.4 (NA
) 16.1 28.01988 13.0 (N
A) 10.1 (N
A) 8.4 (N
A) 31.3 (N
A) 17.3 26.7
1989 12.8 (NA
) 10.0 (NA
) 8.3 (NA
) 30.7 (NA
) 14.1 26.21990 13.5 (N
A) 10.7 (N
A) 8.8 (N
A) 31.9 (N
A) 12.2 28.1
1991 14.2 (NA
) 11.3 (NA
) 9.4 (NA
) 32.7 (NA
) 13.8 28.71992 14.8 (N
A) 11.9 (N
A) 9.6 (N
A) 33.4 (N
A) 12.7 29.6
1993 15.1 (NA
) 12.2 (NA
) 9.9 (NA
) 33.1 (NA
) 15.3 30.61994 14.5 (N
A) 11.7 (N
A) 9.4 (N
A) 30.6 (N
A) 14.6 30.7
1995 13.8 (NA
) 11.2 (NA
) 8.5 (NA
) 29.3 (NA
) 14.6 30.31996 13.7 (N
A) 11.2 (N
A) 8.6 (N
A) 28.4 (N
A) 14.5 29.4
1997 13.3 (NA
) 11.0 (NA
) 8.6 (NA
) 26.5 (NA
) 14.0 27.11998 12.7 (N
A) 10.5 (N
A) 8.2 (N
A) 26.1 (N
A) 12.5 25.6
19992 11.9 (N
A) 9.8 (N
A) 7.7 (N
A) 23.6 (N
A) 10.7 22.7
20003 11.3 (N
A) 9.5 (N
A) 7.4 (N
A) 22.5 (N
A) 9.9 21.5
2001 11.7 (NA
) 9.9 (NA
) 7.8 (NA
) 22.7 (NA
) 10.2 21.42002 12.1 10.2 (N
A) 8.0 (N
A) 24.1 (N
A) 10.1 (N
A) 21.8
2003 12.5 10.5 (NA
) 8.2 (NA
) 24.4 (NA
) 11.8 (NA
) 22.52004
4 12.7 10.8 (NA
) 8.7 (NA
) 24.7 (NA
) 9.8 (NA
) 21.9 2005 12.6 10.6 (N
A) 8.3 (N
A) 24.9 (N
A) 11.1 (N
A) 21.8
2006 12.3 10.3 (NA
) 8.2 (NA
) 24.3 (NA
) 10.3 (NA
) 20.6 2007 12.5 10.5 (N
A) 8.2 (N
A) 24.5 (N
A) 10.2 (N
A) 21.5
2008 13.2 11.2 (NA
) 8.6 (NA
) 24.7 (NA
) 11.8 (NA
) 23.2
Children with Income Below Specified Ratio of Their Poverty Threshold: 1980 to 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1981 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Percent of all children
50% to 99% of poverty threshold
100
80
60
40
20
01980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
Below 50% of poverty threshold
100% to 199% of poverty threshold
200% to 399% of poverty threshold
At or above 400% of poverty threshold
21.6%
31.5%
27.9%
10.5%
8.5%
24.0%
41.1%
16.6%
6.9%
11.4%
16
YearBelow 50 percent
50 percent to
99 percent
100 percent to
199 percent
200 percent to
399 percent
At or above 400 percent
1980 6.9 11.4 24.0 41.1 16.61981 7.7 12.3 25.1 39.3 15.61982 9.0 12.9 24.6 37.8 15.71983 9.6 12.7 24.4 36.8 16.41984 9.1 12.4 23.1 37.5 17.91985 8.6 12.1 22.8 37.4 19.11986 8.9 11.6 21.9 36.9 21.01987 9.0 11.3 20.8 37.0 21.91988 9.0 10.5 21.5 36.5 22.41989 8.2 11.4 21.2 36.5 22.71990 8.8 11.8 21.8 36.6 21.01991 9.8 12.0 22.2 35.3 20.71992 10.4 11.9 22.0 34.5 21.21993 10.1 12.6 22.3 33.0 22.01994 9.8 12.0 22.1 33.3 22.71995 8.5 12.3 22.5 34.2 22.51996 9.0 11.5 22.7 33.7 23.11997 9.0 10.9 21.5 34.1 24.61998 8.1 10.8 21.2 33.2 26.6
19991 7.0 10.2 22.0 32.5 28.3 20002 6.7 9.5 21.4 33.8 28.7 2001 7.1 9.2 21.9 33.0 28.8 2002 6.9 9.7 21.6 32.5 29.2 2003 7.7 9.9 21.5 31.8 29.1
20043 7.6 10.2 21.5 32.1 28.6 2005 7.7 9.9 21.3 31.9 29.2 2006 7.5 9.9 21.6 31.4 29.6 2007 7.8 10.2 21.2 31.6 29.2 2008 8.5 10.5 21.6 31.5 27.9
Children with Income Below Specified Ratio of Their Poverty Threshold: 1980 to 2008(Percent)
1Consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls.2Consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion.3CPS 2005 ASEC file (2004 data) was corrected after the release of the 2004 Income, Poverty and Health Insurance report due to adjustments to the weights.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1981 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
Peak month YearTrough month
Year
November 1948 October 1949July 1953 May 1954August 1957 April 1958April 1960 February 1961December 1969 November 1970November 1973 March 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 November 1982July 1990 March 1991March 2001 November 2001December 2007
Recessions
Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.
• Poverty measures based on the recommendations of the 1995 National Academy of Sciences panel on Poverty and Family Assistance which use different poverty thresholds and after tax disposable income
• Income and poverty estimates that continue to use the official poverty thresholds but that add or subtract resources from the income definition
• Table Creator II which allows researchers to • Change the poverty threshold• Change the resource/income definition• Analyze the incremental impact of the addition or
subtraction of a single resource element
Census Bureau Alternative Measures of Poverty and Income
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Change in the Number of People Below Their Poverty Threshold Using Alternative Resource Measures: 2008
Alternative Resource Measures All People
Children Under 18
Adults 65 and Older
Money income plus cash value of food stamps
-2,238 -962 -165
Money income after income and payroll taxes
-1,678 -1,509 +44
Money income less Social Security income
+19,808 +1,117 +13,410
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.Unpublished data.
Numbers in thousands
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Alternative resource Children Adults 65 measures All people under 18 and older
Money income plus cash value of food stamps -2,238 -962 -165
Money income after income and payroll taxes -1,678 -1,509 +44
Money income less Social Security income +19,808 +1,117 +13,410
Change in the Number of People Below Their Poverty Threshold Using Alternative Resource Measures: 2008(Numbers in thousands)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Unpublished data.
Percent
15.4%
29.0%
58.5%
66.7%75.5%
Government coverage
Employment-based coverage
Any private coverage
Recession
62.1%
12.9%
23.3%
Uninsured rate
Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008
80
60
40
20
01987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
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Year Private PrivateEmployment-
BasedEmployment-
BasedGovernment Government Uninsured Uninsured
1987 75.5 62.1 23.3 12.91988 74.7 61.9 23.3 13.41989 74.6 61.6 23.3 13.61990 73.2 60.4 24.5 13.91991 72.1 59.7 25.4 14.11992 70.7 57.9 25.8 15.01993 70.2 57.1 26.4 15.31994 70.3 60.9 26.8 15.21995 70.3 61.1 26.4 15.419961 70.6 61.5 25.9 15.41997 70.6 61.8 24.8 15.71998 70.8 62.6 24.3 15.81999 71.7 62.6 24.1 15.019992 72.5 63.9 24.5 14.02000 72.6 64.2 24.7 13.72001 71.5 63.2 25.3 14.12002 70.3 61.9 25.7 14.72003 69.3 61.0 26.6 15.12004 69.0 60.5 27.3 14.92005 68.5 60.2 27.3 15.32006 67.9 59.7 27.0 15.82007 67.5 59.3 27.8 15.32008 66.7 58.5 29.0 15.4
Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008(Percent)
Note: Respondents were not asked detailed health insurance questions before the 1988 Current Population Survey.
1The series starting in 1996 reflects an approximation of the impact of an editing error that was corrected in the 2005 ASEC (estimates of 2004 coverage).2Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls occurred for the 2000 ASEC, which collected data for 1999. These estimates also reflect the results of follow-up verification questions which were asked of people who responded "no" to all questions about specific types of health insurance coverage in order to verify whether they were actually uninsured. This change increased the number and percentage of people covered by health insurance, bringing the CPS more in line with estimates from other national surveys. The data points are placed at the midpoints of the respective years.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
Peak month YearTrough month
Year
November 1948 October 1949July 1953 May 1954August 1957 April 1958April 1960 February 1961December 1969 November 1970November 1973 March 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 November 1982July 1990 March 1991March 2001 November 2001December 2007
Recessions
Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.
Uninsured Rates by Selected Characteristics: 2008
24.5%
21.4%
14.0%
8.2%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Less than $25,000
$25,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $74,999
$75,000 or more
Under 18
18 to 64 years
Over 65
Native-born citizen
Naturalized citizen
Noncitizen
12.9%
18.0%
44.7%
9.9%
20.3%
1.7%
20
AgeUnder 18 years 9.918 to 64 years 20.3 Over 65 years 1.7
Household IncomeLess than $25,00 24.5$25,000 to $49,999 21.4 $50,000 to $74,999 14.0$75,000 or more 8.2
Nativity, CitizenshipNative-born citizen 12.9Naturalized citizen 18.0Noncitizen 44.7
Note: Native born people are citizens at birth. All people with the following citizenship status are native born: (1) Born in the United States; (2) Born in Puerto Rico or a U.S., outlying area; or (3) Born abroad of American parents. All other people are foreign born.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
Uninsured Rates by Selected Characteristics: 2008(Percent)
Age Distribution of the Uninsured: 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Under 1815.9%
18 to 24 years17.7%
Over 651.4%
45 to 64 years24.5%
25 to 44 years40.5%
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Age Distribution of the Uninsured: 2008(Percent)
AgeUnder 18 years 15.918 to 24 years 17.725 to 44 years 40.545 to 64 years 24.5Over 65 years 1.4
Note: Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
Income Distribution of the Uninsured: 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Uninsured childrenAll Uninsured
Less than $25,00029.5%
$25,000 to $49,99932.3%
$50,000 to $74,99917.3%
$75,000 or more20.9%
Less than $25,00029.1%
$25,000 to $49,99932.7%
$50,000 to $74,99918.1%
$75,000 or more20.1%
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Income Distribution of the Uninsured: 2008(Percent)
Note: Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
IncomeAll
uninsuredUninsured children
Less than $25,000 29.5 29.1$25,000 to $49,999 32.3 32.7$50,000 to $74,999 17.3 18.1$75,000 or more 20.9 20.1
Nativity, Citizenship Status of the Uninsured: 2008
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Uninsured childrenAll Uninsured
Noncitizen10.9%
Noncitizen20.5%
Native-born citizen88.4%
Naturalized citizen0.7%
Naturalized citizen6.0%
Native-born citizen73.5%
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Nativity, Citizenship Status of the Uninsured: 2008(Percent)
Note: Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.Native born people are citizens at birth. All people with the following citizenship status are native born: (1) Born in the United States; (2) Born in Puerto Rico or a U.S., outlying area; or (3) Born abroad of American parents. All other people are foreign born.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.
Income All uninsuredUninsured children
Native-born citizen 73.5 88.4Naturalized citizen 6.0 0.7Noncitizen 20.5 10.9
U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics AdministrationU.S. CENSUS BUREAU
For additional questions, contact:
Public Information Office301-763-3030
www.census.gov
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