Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2008

48
U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2008 September 2009

description

$. $. $. $. $. $. Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2008. September 2009. U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU. Release Schedule. Today, September 10, 2009 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2008

Page 1: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics AdministrationU.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2008

September 2009

Page 2: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008
Page 3: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Release Schedule• Today, September 10, 2009

– 2008 income, poverty and health insurance national level estimates from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS)

• September 22, 2009– 2008 American Community Survey (ACS) one-year estimates for

income and poverty– 2008 ACS one-year estimates for health insurance coverage

• Estimates will be available for the nation, all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, every congressional district and all counties, places and metropolitan areas with populations of 65,000 or more

• October 27, 2009– 2008 ACS three-year estimates from 2006-2008 for income and

poverty for places with populations of 20,000 or more

22

Page 4: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008
Page 5: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

• Median household money income for the nation was $50,300 in 2008, a decline of 3.6 percent from 2007 in real terms. This decline in income coincides with the recession that started in December 2007.

• The 2008 official poverty rate for the nation was 13.2 percent up from 12.5 percent in 2007, with 39.8 million people in poverty, up from 37.3 million in 2007.

• Real median earnings of both men and women who worked full-time, year-round declined between 2007 and 2008. The female-to-male earnings ratio declined from 0.78 in 2007 to 0.77 in 2008.

• The number of people without health insurance coverage increased to 46.3 million in 2008 from 45.7 million in 2007. The 2008 uninsured rate for the nation was not statistically different from 2007, at 15.4 percent.

Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Highlights

3

Page 6: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008
Page 7: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2008

Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2008

Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

$50,300

RecessionIncome in thousands (2008 dollars)60

45

30

15

0

$40,300

4

Page 8: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

YearMedian income

YearMedian income

1967 40,261 1988 47,6141968 41,995 1989 48,4631969 43,557 1990 47,8181970 43,219 1991 46,4451971 42,798 1992 46,0631972 44,632 1993 45,8391973 45,533 1994 46,3511974 44,091 1995 47,8031975 42,936 1996 48,4991976 43,649 1997 49,4971977 43,925 1998 51,2951978 45,625 1999 52,5871979 45,498 2000 52,5001980 44,059 2001 51,3561981 43,328 2002 50,7561982 43,212 2003 50,7111983 42,910 20041 50,5351984 44,242 2005 51,0931985 45,069 2006 51,4731986 46,665 2007 52,1631987 47,251 2008 50,303

Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2008(In 2008 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars)

Note: For changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in Appendix Table A-1 of the report, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2008, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-236.For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

1The 2004 data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Peak month YearTrough month

Year

November 1948 October 1949July 1953 May 1954August 1957 April 1958April 1960 February 1961December 1969 November 1970November 1973 March 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 November 1982July 1990 March 1991March 2001 November 2001December 2007

Recessions

Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.

Page 9: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

50

40

30

20

10

0

Poverty: 1959 to 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

13.2%

39.8 million

RecessionNumbers in millions, rates in percent

1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 20081959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2008

Poverty rate

Number in poverty

22.4%

39.5 million

5

Page 10: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

YearNumber in

povertyPoverty

rateYear

Number in

poverty

Poverty rate

1959 39.5 22.4 1984 33.7 14.41960 39.9 22.2 1985 33.1 14.01961 39.6 21.9 1986 32.4 13.61962 38.6 21.0 1987 32.2 13.41963 36.4 19.5 1988 31.7 13.01964 36.1 19.0 19891 32.4 13.11965 33.2 17.3 19901 32.7 13.81966 28.5 14.7 19911 34.7 14.51967 27.8 14.2 19921 38.0 14.81968 25.4 12.8 1993 39.3 15.11969 24.1 12.1 1994 38.1 14.51970 25.4 12.6 1995 36.4 13.81971 25.6 12.5 1996 36.5 13.71972 24.5 11.9 1997 35.6 13.31973 23.0 11.1 1998 34.5 12.71974 23.4 11.2 1999 32.8 11.91975 25.9 12.3 20002 31.6 11.31976 25.0 11.8 2001 32.9 11.71977 24.7 11.6 2002 34.6 12.11978 24.5 11.4 2003 35.9 12.51979 26.1 11.7 20043 37.0 12.71980 29.3 13.0 2005 37.0 12.61981 31.8 14.0 2006 36.5 12.31982 34.4 15.0 2007 37.3 12.51983 35.3 15.2 2008 39.8 13.2

Poverty: 1959 to 2008(Numbers in millions. Rates in percents.)

1Poverty data for 1989, 1992 and later years reflect 1990 Census population controls. The 1990 Census based estimates are not available for 1990 and 1991. The 1990 and 1991 poverty estimates were derived through ratio estimation.2Poverty data for 2000 consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion.3CPS 2005 ASEC file (2004 data) was corrected after the release of the 2004 Income, Poverty and Health Insurance report due to adjustments to the weights.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1960 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Peak month YearTrough month

Year

November 1948 October 1949July 1953 May 1954August 1957 April 1958April 1960 February 1961December 1969 November 1970November 1973 March 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 November 1982July 1990 March 1991March 2001 November 2001December 2007

Recessions

Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 <www.nber.org>.

Size of family unit Threshold

One person (unrelated individual) $10,991Under 65 years 11,20165 years and older 10,326

Two people $14,051Householder under 65 years 14,417Householder 65 years and older 13,014

Three people $17,163Four people 22,025Five people 26,049Six people 29,456Seven people 33,529Eight people 37,220Nine people 44,346

Weighted Average Poverty Thresholds in 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Page 11: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2008

Real Median Household Income and Poverty Rate: 1967 to 2008

Change surrounding recession. Poverty expressed as percentage point change. Income expressed as percentage change.Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

RecessionIncome in thousands (2008 dollars), rates in percent

- 3.6%

-1.7% - 5.7% - 6.0%- 3.9%

- 3.5%

60

45

30

15

0

Real median household income

Poverty rate

$50,300$40,300

13.2%14.2%

0.81.2 3.8 1.1

6

Page 12: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Change in Real Median Household Income and Poverty

Real Median Household Income and Poverty Rate: 1967 to 2008(Income in 2008 dollars.)

YearMedian income

Poverty rate

YearMedian income

Poverty rate

1967 40,261 14.2 1988 47,614 13.01968 41,995 12.8 19891 48,319 13.11969 43,557 12.1 19901 47,818 13.81970 43,219 12.6 19911 46,445 14.51971 42,798 12.5 19921 46,063 14.81972 44,632 11.9 1993 45,839 15.11973 45,533 11.1 1994 46,351 14.51974 44,091 11.2 1995 47,803 13.81975 42,936 12.3 1996 48,499 13.71976 43,649 11.8 1997 49,497 13.31977 43,925 11.6 1998 51,295 12.71978 45,625 11.4 1999 52,587 11.91979 45,498 11.7 20002 52,500 11.31980 44,059 13.0 2001 51,356 11.71981 43,328 14.0 2002 50,756 12.11982 43,212 15.0 2003 50,711 12.51983 42,910 15.2 20043 50,535 12.71984 44,242 14.4 2005 51,093 12.61985 45,069 14.0 2006 51,473 12.31986 46,665 13.6 2007 52,163 12.51987 47,251 13.4 2008 50,303 13.2

1Data for 1989, 1992 and later years reflect 1990 Census population controls. The 1990 Census based estimates are not available for 1990 and 1991. The 1990 and 1991 poverty estimates were derived through ratio estimation.2Data for 2000 consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion.3CPS 2005 ASEC file (2004 data) was corrected after the release of the 2004 Income, Poverty and Health Insurance report due to adjustments to the weights.

Note: For changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in Appendix Table A-1 of the report, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2008, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-236.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Recessions1

Income years2

Percentage change in real median income

Percentage point change in the poverty rate

Peak Trough

December 1969 November 1970 1969 to 1971 *-1.7 0.4

November 1973 March 1975 1973 to 1975 *-5.7 *1.2

January 1980 July 19801978 to 1983 *-6.0 *3.8

July 1981 November 1982

July 1990 March 1991 19893 to 1991 *-3.9 *1.1

March 2001 November 2001 1999 to 2002 *-3.5 0.2

December 2007 2007 to 2008 *-3.6 *0.8*Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.1Recessions are determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research, a private research organization. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138 <www.nber.org>.2Income years are based on peak income year prior to or during the start of the recession and the trough income year near or after the end of the recession.3For comparability purposes, the 1989 median household income used in this calculation ($48,319 in 2008 dollars), is based on data that reflect the implementation of the 1990 decennial census population controls. This median is different from the median shown in Table A-1, which is based on 1980 census population controls.

Note: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1970 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Page 13: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008

Women’s-to-Men’s Median Earnings Ratio and Real Median Earnings: 1960 to 2008(Full-time, year-round workers)

Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Recession

77.0%

$46,400

$35,700

Earnings in thousands (2008 dollars), ratio in percent

Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio

Earnings of men

Earnings of women

61.0%

$20,700

$34,200

80

60

40

20

0

7

Page 14: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

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Page 15: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Percent of People Without Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

Percent Recession

15.4%12.9%

All people

Children

9.9%12.9%

20

15

10

5

0

8

Page 16: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Percent of People Without Heath Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008(Rates in percents)

Year All people Children

1987 12.9 12.9

1988 13.4 13.1

1989 13.6 13.3

1990 13.9 13.0

1991 14.1 12.7

1992 15.0 12.7

1993 15.3 13.7

1994 15.2 14.2

1995 15.4 13.8

1996 15.4 14.7

1997  15.7 14.7

1998  15.8 15.0

1999 15.0 13.5

19991 14.0 12.5

2000  13.7 11.6

2001  14.1 11.3

2002  14.7 11.2

2003  15.1 11.0

2004  14.9 10.5

2005  15.3 10.9

2006  15.8 11.7

2007  15.3 11.0

2008  15.4 9.9

Peak month YearTrough month

Year

November 1948 October 1949

July 1953 May 1954

August 1957 April 1958

April 1960 February 1961

December 1969 November 1970

November 1973 March 1975

January 1980 July 1980

July 1981 November 1982

July 1990 March 1991

March 2001 November 2001

December 2007

Recessions

Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.

Note: Respondents were not asked detailed health insurance questions before the 1988 Current Population Survey. The series in 1996 reflects an approximation of the impact of an editing error that was corrected in the 2005 ASEC (estimates of 2004 coverage).

1Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls occurred for the 2000 ASEC, which collected data for 1999. These estimates also reflect the results of follow-up verification questions which were asked of people who responded "no" to all questions about specific types of health insurance coverage in order to verify whether they were actually uninsured. This change increased the number and percentage of people covered by health insurance, bringing the CPS more in line with estimates from other national surveys. The data points are placed at the midpoints of the respective years.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Page 17: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Number of People Without Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Numbers in millions Recession50

40

30

20

10

01987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

7.3 million

8.2 million

31.0 million

Children

All people 46.3 million

9

Page 18: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Number of People Without Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008(Numbers in millions)

Year All people Children

1987 31.0 8.2 1988 32.7 8.4 1989 33.4 8.5 1990 34.7 8.5 1991 35.4 8.4 1992 38.6 8.7 1993 39.7 9.6 1994 39.7 10.0 1995 40.6 9.8 1996 41.1 10.4

1997  42.4 10.5 1998  42.9 10.8 1999 41.0 9.7

19991 38.8 9.0 2000  38.4 8.4 2001  39.8 8.2 2002  42.0 8.2 2003  43.4 8.1 2004  43.5 7.7 2005  44.8 8.1 2006  47.0 8.7 2007  45.7 8.1 2008  46.3 7.3

Peak month YearTrough month

Year

November 1948 October 1949

July 1953 May 1954

August 1957 April 1958

April 1960 February 1961

December 1969 November 1970

November 1973 March 1975

January 1980 July 1980

July 1981 November 1982

July 1990 March 1991

March 2001 November 2001

December 2007

Recessions

Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.

Note: Respondents were not asked detailed health insurance questions before the 1988 Current Population Survey. The series in 1996 reflects an approximation of the impact of an editing error that was corrected in the 2005 ASEC (estimates of 2004 coverage).

1Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls occurred for the 2000 ASEC, which collected data for 1999. These estimates also reflect the results of follow-up verification questions which were asked of people who responded "no" to all questions about specific types of health insurance coverage in order to verify whether they were actually uninsured. This change increased the number and percentage of people covered by health insurance, bringing the CPS more in line with estimates from other national surveys. The data points are placed at the midpoints of the respective years.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Page 19: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Age of Householder: 2007 and 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

15 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 years years years years years years and older

2008

2007

-2.2%

-3.0%

-2.4%-5.4%

-3.9%

No statisticalchange

Income in thousands (2008 dollars)80

60

40

20

0

10

Page 20: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Age of Householder: 2007 and 2008(Income in 2008 dollars. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>)

*Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Age of householderMedian income

Percentage change (2008 less 2007)2007 2008

Total 52,163 50,303 *-3.615 to 24 years 33,011 32,270 *-2.225 to 34 years 52,976 51,400 *-3.035 to 44 years 64,511 62,954 *-2.445 to 54 years 67,992 64,349 *-5.455 to 64 years 59,591 57,265 *-3.965 years and older 29,393 29,744 1.2

Page 21: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Number of Earners: 2007 and 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

No earner Two or more earners One earner

+2.6%

-3.6%

-3.1%

100

80

60

40

20

0

2008

2007Income in thousands (2008 dollars)

11

Page 22: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Number of Earners: 2007 and 2008(Income in 2008 dollars. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>)

Number of earners in household

Median incomePercentage

change (2008 less

2007)2007 2008

Total households 52,163 50,303 *-3.6No earner 18,164 18,628 *2.6One earner 42,274 40,772 *-3.6Two or more earners 85,196 82,576 *-3.1

*Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Page 23: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2008

RecessionIncome in thousands (2008 dollars)

Asian $65,600

$37,900$34,200

$55,500

Black

Hispanic (any race)

White, not Hispanic

Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1967 to 2008 75

60

45

30

15

0

$58,400

$47,500

$35,300

$24,400

12

Page 24: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Hisp

anic

Wh

ite, orig

in Y

ear All races n

ot H

ispan

ic2 B

lack Asian

3 (any race)

2

1967 40,261 (NA

) 24,377 (N

A) (N

A)

1968 41,995 (NA

) 25,784 (NA

) (NA

) 1969 43,557 (N

A) 27,477 (N

A) (N

A)

1970 43,219 (NA

) 27,399 (NA

) (NA

) 1971 42,798 (N

A) 26,443 (N

A) (N

A)

1972 44,632 47,490 27,330 (NA

) 35,334 1973 45,533 48,140 28,090 (N

A) 35,276

1974 44,091 46,505 27,422 (NA

) 35,069 1975 42,936 45,240 26,955 (N

A) 32,257

1976 43,649 46,656 27,188 (N

A) 32,924

1977 43,925 47,106 27,257 (N

A) 34,458

1978 45,625 48,323 28,503 (NA

) 35,748 1979 45,498 48,375 28,007 (N

A) 36,048

1980 44,059 47,306 26,779 (N

A) 33,961

1981 43,328 46,440 25,689 (NA

) 34,755 1982 43,212 45,997

25,639 (NA

) 32,515 1983 42,910 (N

A)

25,536 (NA

) 32,680 1984 44,242 47,643

26,589 (NA

) 33,539 1985 45,069 48,600 28,279 (N

A) 33,328

1986 46,665 50,176 28,265 (N

A) 34,398

1987 47,251 51,152 28,414 58,428 35,058

1988 47,614 51,722 28,694 56,432 35,606

1989 48,463 52,074 30,317 60,527 36,752

1990 47,818 51,015 29,825 61,403 35,660 1991 46,445 49,832 28,995 56,193 34,982 1992 46,063 50,054 28,199 56,836 33,976 1993 45,839 50,142 28,660 56,266 33,580 1994 46,351 50,463 30,208 58,157 33,647 1995 47,803 52,155 31,414 56,975 32,069 1996 48,499 53,001 32,087 59,135 34,033 1997 49,497 54,274 33,506 60,523 35,617 1998 51,295 55,983 33,442 61,521 37,371 1999 52,587 57,059

36,065 65,850 39,730 2000 52,500 57,042 37,093 69,713 41,470 2001 51,356 56,314

35,840 65,228 40,820 2002 50,756 56,131 34,739 62,984 39,618 2003 50,711 55,931 34,705 65,206 38,629 2004

4 50,535 55,751 34,304 65,547 39,064 2005 51,093 56,009 34,033 67,380 39,668 2006 51,473 55,982 34,139 68,599 40,346 2007 52,163 57,030 35,219 68,643 40,165 2008 50,303 55,530 34,218 65,637 37,913

Rec es sio

ns

Sourc e: N

ati ona l Bureau of

Ec onom

i c Res ear ch , 1050

Mas s ac hus et ts A

v enue, Cam

br idge, M

A 02138

<w

ww

.nber. org>.

Peak T

rou

gh

mo

nth

Year m

on

th Y

ear

Novem

ber 1948 October 1949

July 1953 May 1954

August 1957 A

pril 1958A

pril 1960 February 1961

Decem

ber 1969 Novem

ber 1970N

ovember 1973 M

arch 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 N

ovember 1982

July 1990 March 1991

March 2001 N

ovember 2001

Decem

ber 2007

Med

ian H

ou

seh

old

Inco

me b

y R

ace1 an

d H

ispan

ic O

rigin

: 1967 to

2008(In

com

e in 2

008

CP

I-U-R

S a

djuste

d do

llars)

Note: F

or changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in A

ppendix Table A

-1 of the report, Incom

e, Poverty, and H

ealth Insurance Coverage in the U

nited States: 2008, U

.S. C

ensus Bureau,

Current P

opulation Reports, P

60-236.F

or information on confidentiality protection, sam

pling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see

<w

ww

.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>

.

(NA

) Not available.

1Begining w

ith the 2003 CP

S, respondents w

ere allowed to choose one or m

ore races. This table presents

the single-race population for 2002 to 2008. The use of this single-race population does not im

ply that it is the preferred m

ethod of presenting or analyzing the data. For 2001 and earlier years, the C

PS

allowed

respondents to report only one race. 2D

ata were first collected for H

ispanics in 1972.3F

or 2001 and earlier, data are for Asians and P

acific Islanders. Data w

ere first collected for Asians and

Pacific Islanders in 1987.

4Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the w

eights in the 2005 AS

EC

.

Source: U

.S. C

ensus Bureau, C

urrent Population S

urvey, 1968 to 2009 Annual S

ocial and Econom

ic S

upplements.

Page 25: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2008

Household Income at Selected Percentiles: 1967 to 2008

Note: Income rounded to nearest $100.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

RecessionIncome in thousands (2008 dollars)

$50,300

$12,200

$84,800

$9,200

$40,300

10th

50th (median)

90th

150

120

90

60

30

0

13

$138,300

Page 26: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

10th 50

th 90th

percen

tile percen

tile percen

tileY

ear limit (m

edian

) limit

1967 9,187

40,261 84,771

1968 10,001 41,995

86,7791969

10,260 43,557

91,5731970

10,025 43,219

92,4111971

10,183 42,798

92,4421972

10,858 44,632

97,5761973

11,370 45,533

100,7081974

11,447 44,091

98,1641975

11,134 42,936

94,9691976

11,196 43,649

97,3721977

11,334 43,925

99,0671978

11,567 45,625

102,9771979

11,346 45,498

103,7571980

11,195 44,059

101,759 1981

11,040 43,328

101,7771982

10,842 43,212

102,8361983

10,801 42,910

103,7871984

11,245 44,242

107,4331985

11,253 45,069

109,0731986

11,212 46,665

113,1161987

11,308 47,251

115,6811988

11,480 47,614

117,1761989

12,071 48,463

120,6351990

11,690 47,818

118,3351991

11,442 46,445

116,9881992

111,277

46,063 116,602

199311,278

45,839 119,937

199411,533

46,351 121,945

199512,171

47,803 123,028

199612,175

48,499 125,783

199712,326

49,497 130,629

199812,796

51,295 133,630

199913,369

52,587 139,270

200013,231

52,500 140,033

200112,996

51,356 138,189

200212,710

50,756 136,572

200312,334

50,711 138,374

20042

12,431 50,535

137,7722005

12,449 51,093

139,0642006

12,815 51,473

142,0282007

12,629 52,163

141,2262008 12,161 50,303 138,300

Rec es sio

ns

Sourc e : N

a ti ona l Bu reau of

Ec onom

i c Res ea r ch, 1050

Mas s ac hus et ts A

v enue, Cam

br idge, M

A 02138

<w

ww

.nber. o rg>.

Peak T

rou

gh

mo

nth

Year m

on

th Y

ear N

ovember 1948 O

ctober 1949July 1953 M

ay 1954A

ugust 1957 April 1958

April 1960 F

ebruary 1961D

ecember 1969 N

ovember 1970

Novem

ber 1973 March 1975

January 1980 July 1980July 1981 N

ovember 1982

July 1990 March 1991

March 2001 N

ovember 2001

Decem

ber 2007

Ho

useh

old

Inc

om

e at S

ele

cted

Percen

tiles: 1967 to

2008

(Inco

me in

20

08 C

PI-U

-RS

adju

sted d

olla

rs.)

Note: F

or changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in A

ppendix Table A

-1 of the report, Incom

e, Poverty, and H

ealth Insurance Coverage in the U

nited States: 2008, U

.S. C

ensus Bureau,

Current P

opulation Reports, P

60-236.F

or information on confidentiality protection, sam

pling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see

<w

ww

.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>

.

1Change in data collection m

ethodology suggests pre-1993 and post-1992 estimates are not com

parable. (S

ee Current P

opulation Reports, “T

he Changing S

hape of the Nation’s Incom

e Distribution: 1947-1998,”

P60-204, for m

ore details.)2D

ata have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 A

SE

C.

Source: U

.S. C

ensus Bureau, C

urrent Population S

urvey, 1968 to 2009 Annual S

ocial and Econom

ic S

upplements.

Page 27: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

50

40

30

20

10

0

Poverty Rates by Age: 1959 to 2008

Note: Data from 1960 to 1965 available only for people under 18 years old.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

RecessionPercent

1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2008

18 to 64 years old

Under 18 years old

17.0%

27.3%

35.2%

65 years and older

11.7%

19.0%

9.7%

14

Page 28: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

YearUnder 18 years of

age

18 to 64 years

65 years and over

YearUnder 18 years of

age

18 to 64 years

65 years and over

1959 27.3 17.0 35.2 1984 21.5 11.7 12.41960 26.9 (NA) (NA) 1985 20.7 11.3 12.61961 25.6 (NA) (NA) 1986 20.5 10.8 12.41962 25.0 (NA) (NA) 1987 20.3 10.6 12.51963 23.1 (NA) (NA) 1988 19.5 10.5 12.01964 23.0 (NA) (NA) 1989 19.6 10.2 11.41965 21.0 (NA) (NA) 1990 20.6 10.7 12.21966 17.6 10.5 28.5 1991 21.8 11.4 12.41967 16.6 10.0 29.5 1992 22.3 11.9 12.91968 15.6 9.0 25.0 1993 22.7 12.4 12.21969 14.0 8.7 25.3 1994 21.8 11.9 11.71970 15.1 9.0 24.6 1995 20.8 11.4 10.51971 15.3 9.3 21.6 1996 20.5 11.4 10.81972 15.1 8.8 18.6 1997 19.9 10.9 10.51973 14.4 8.3 16.3 1998 18.9 10.5 10.51974 15.4 8.3 14.6 19991 17.1 10.1 9.71975 17.1 9.2 15.3 20002 16.2 9.6 9.91976 16.0 9.0 15.0 2001 16.3 10.1 10.11977 16.2 8.8 14.1 2002 16.7 10.6 10.41978 15.9 8.7 14.0 2003 17.6 10.8 10.21979 16.4 8.9 15.2 20043 17.8 11.3 9.81980 18.3 10.1 15.7 2005 17.6 11.1 10.11981 20.0 11.1 15.3 2006 17.4 10.8 9.41982 21.9 12.0 14.6 2007 18.0 10.9 9.71983 22.3 12.4 13.8 2008 19.0 11.7 9.7

Poverty Rates by Age: 1959 to 2008(Percent)

(NA) Not available.1Consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls.2Consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion.3CPS 2005 ASEC file (2004 data) was corrected after the release of the 2004 Income, Poverty and Health Insurance report due to adjustments to the weights.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1960 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Peak month YearTrough month

Year

November 1948 October 1949July 1953 May 1954August 1957 April 1958April 1960 February 1961December 1969 November 1970November 1973 March 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 November 1982July 1990 March 1991March 2001 November 2001December 2007

Recessions

Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.

Page 29: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

60

45

30

15

0

Poverty by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1959 to 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

RecessionPercent

1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2008

11.8%

24.7%

23.2%

8.6%

55.1%

22.8%

16.1%

7.5% White, not Hispanic

Hispanic (any race) Asian

Black

15

Page 30: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Po

ve

rty b

y R

ac

e1 a

nd

His

pa

nic

Orig

in: 1

95

9 to

20

08

(Perce

nt)

(NA

) Not available.

1Starting w

ith the 2003 CP

S, respondents w

ere allowed to choose m

ore than one race. This table presents

the single-race population for 2002 to 2006. For exam

ple White alone refers to people w

ho reported White

and did not report any other race category. For 2001 and earlier years, the C

PS

allowed respondents to

report only one race group.2C

onsistent with 2001 data through im

plementation of C

ensus 2000-based population controls.3C

onsistent with 2001 data through im

plementation of C

ensus 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sam

ple expansion.4C

PS

2005 AS

EC

file (2004 data) was corrected after the release of the 2004 Incom

e, Poverty and H

ealth Insurance report due to adjustm

ents to the weights.

So urce : U

.S. C

e nsu s Bu reau , C

ur rent Popu latio n S

u rvey ,196 0 to 2009 Ann ual S

ocia l and Eco nom

ic S

u pple ment s. F

or in formation on c onfi denti ality prote ctio n, sa m

plin g er ror, n ons amp ling e rror, and defi nition s,

se e <w

ww

.c ensu s.go v/ap sd/te chd oc/cp s/cp sma r09.p df>

.

Rec es sio

ns

Sourc e: N

ati ona l Bureau of

Ec onom

i c Res ear ch , 1050

Mas s ac hus et ts A

v enue, Cam

br idge, M

A 02138

<w

ww

.nber. org>.

Peak T

rou

gh

mo

nth

Year m

on

th Y

ear

Novem

ber 1948 October 1949

July 1953 May 1954

August 1957 A

pril 1958A

pril 1960 February 1961

Decem

ber 1969 Novem

ber 1970N

ovember 1973 M

arch 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 N

ovember 1982

July 1990 March 1991

March 2001 N

ovember 2001

Decem

ber 2007

Wh

ite Wh

ite Asian

and

H

ispan

ic A

ll Wh

ite alon

e, no

t no

t Black A

sian P

acific (of an

yY

ear races alon

e Wh

ite Hisp

anic H

ispan

ic alon

e Black alo

ne Islan

der race)

1959 22.4 (NA

) 18.1 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) 55.1 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) 1960 22.2 (N

A) 17.8 (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A)

1961 21.9 (NA

) 17.4 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) 1962 21.0 (N

A) 16.4 (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A)

1963 19.5 (NA

) 15.3 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) 1964 19.0 (N

A) 14.9 (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) (N

A)

1965 17.3 (NA

) 13.3 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) 1966 14.7 (N

A) 11.3 (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) 41.8 (N

A) (N

A) (N

A)

1967 14.2 (NA

) 11.0 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) 39.3 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) 1968 12.8 (N

A) 10.0 (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) 34.7 (N

A) (N

A) (N

A)

1969 12.1 (NA

) 9.5 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) 32.2 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) 1970 12.6 (N

A) 9.9 (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) 33.5 (N

A) (N

A) (N

A)

1971 12.5 (NA

) 9.9 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

) 32.5 (NA

) (NA

) (NA

)1972 11.9 (N

A) 9.0 (N

A) (N

A) (N

A) 33.3 (N

A) (N

A) 22.8

1973 11.1 (NA

) 8.4 (NA

) 7.5 (NA

) 31.4 (NA

) (NA

) 21.91974 11.2 (N

A) 8.6 (N

A) 7.7 (N

A) 30.3 (N

A) (N

A) 23.0

1975 12.3 (NA

) 9.7 (NA

) 8.6 (NA

) 31.3 (NA

) (NA

) 26.91976 11.8 (N

A) 9.1 (N

A) 8.1 (N

A) 31.1 (N

A) (N

A) 24.7

1977 11.6 (NA

) 8.9 (NA

) 8.0 (NA

) 31.3 (NA

) (NA

) 22.41978 11.4 (N

A) 8.7 (N

A) 7.9 (N

A) 30.6 (N

A) (N

A) 21.6

1979 11.7 (NA

) 9.0 (NA

) 8.1 (NA

) 31.0 (NA

) (NA

) 21.81980 13.0 (N

A) 10.2 (N

A) 9.1 (N

A) 32.5 (N

A) (N

A) 25.7

1981 14.0 (NA

) 11.1 (NA

) 9.9 (NA

) 34.2 (NA

) (NA

) 26.51982 15.0 (N

A) 12.0 (N

A) 10.6 (N

A) 35.6 (N

A) (N

A) 29.9

1983 15.2 (NA

) 12.1 (NA

) 10.8 (NA

) 35.7 (NA

) (NA

) 28.01984 14.4 (N

A) 11.5 (N

A) 10.0 (N

A) 33.8 (N

A) (N

A) 28.4

1985 14.0 (NA

) 11.4 (NA

) 9.7 (NA

) 31.3 (NA

) (NA

) 29.01986 13.6 (N

A) 11.0 (N

A) 9.4 (N

A) 31.1 (N

A) (N

A) 27.3

1987 13.4 (NA

) 10.4 (NA

) 8.7 (NA

) 32.4 (NA

) 16.1 28.01988 13.0 (N

A) 10.1 (N

A) 8.4 (N

A) 31.3 (N

A) 17.3 26.7

1989 12.8 (NA

) 10.0 (NA

) 8.3 (NA

) 30.7 (NA

) 14.1 26.21990 13.5 (N

A) 10.7 (N

A) 8.8 (N

A) 31.9 (N

A) 12.2 28.1

1991 14.2 (NA

) 11.3 (NA

) 9.4 (NA

) 32.7 (NA

) 13.8 28.71992 14.8 (N

A) 11.9 (N

A) 9.6 (N

A) 33.4 (N

A) 12.7 29.6

1993 15.1 (NA

) 12.2 (NA

) 9.9 (NA

) 33.1 (NA

) 15.3 30.61994 14.5 (N

A) 11.7 (N

A) 9.4 (N

A) 30.6 (N

A) 14.6 30.7

1995 13.8 (NA

) 11.2 (NA

) 8.5 (NA

) 29.3 (NA

) 14.6 30.31996 13.7 (N

A) 11.2 (N

A) 8.6 (N

A) 28.4 (N

A) 14.5 29.4

1997 13.3 (NA

) 11.0 (NA

) 8.6 (NA

) 26.5 (NA

) 14.0 27.11998 12.7 (N

A) 10.5 (N

A) 8.2 (N

A) 26.1 (N

A) 12.5 25.6

19992 11.9 (N

A) 9.8 (N

A) 7.7 (N

A) 23.6 (N

A) 10.7 22.7

20003 11.3 (N

A) 9.5 (N

A) 7.4 (N

A) 22.5 (N

A) 9.9 21.5

2001 11.7 (NA

) 9.9 (NA

) 7.8 (NA

) 22.7 (NA

) 10.2 21.42002 12.1 10.2 (N

A) 8.0 (N

A) 24.1 (N

A) 10.1 (N

A) 21.8

2003 12.5 10.5 (NA

) 8.2 (NA

) 24.4 (NA

) 11.8 (NA

) 22.52004

4 12.7 10.8 (NA

) 8.7 (NA

) 24.7 (NA

) 9.8 (NA

) 21.9 2005 12.6 10.6 (N

A) 8.3 (N

A) 24.9 (N

A) 11.1 (N

A) 21.8

2006 12.3 10.3 (NA

) 8.2 (NA

) 24.3 (NA

) 10.3 (NA

) 20.6 2007 12.5 10.5 (N

A) 8.2 (N

A) 24.5 (N

A) 10.2 (N

A) 21.5

2008 13.2 11.2 (NA

) 8.6 (NA

) 24.7 (NA

) 11.8 (NA

) 23.2

Page 31: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Children with Income Below Specified Ratio of Their Poverty Threshold: 1980 to 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1981 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Percent of all children

50% to 99% of poverty threshold

100

80

60

40

20

01980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008

Below 50% of poverty threshold

100% to 199% of poverty threshold

200% to 399% of poverty threshold

At or above 400% of poverty threshold

21.6%

31.5%

27.9%

10.5%

8.5%

24.0%

41.1%

16.6%

6.9%

11.4%

16

Page 32: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

 YearBelow 50 percent

50 percent to

99 percent

100 percent to

199 percent

200 percent to

399 percent

At or above 400 percent

1980 6.9 11.4 24.0 41.1 16.61981 7.7 12.3 25.1 39.3 15.61982 9.0 12.9 24.6 37.8 15.71983 9.6 12.7 24.4 36.8 16.41984 9.1 12.4 23.1 37.5 17.91985 8.6 12.1 22.8 37.4 19.11986 8.9 11.6 21.9 36.9 21.01987 9.0 11.3 20.8 37.0 21.91988 9.0 10.5 21.5 36.5 22.41989 8.2 11.4 21.2 36.5 22.71990 8.8 11.8 21.8 36.6 21.01991 9.8 12.0 22.2 35.3 20.71992 10.4 11.9 22.0 34.5 21.21993 10.1 12.6 22.3 33.0 22.01994 9.8 12.0 22.1 33.3 22.71995 8.5 12.3 22.5 34.2 22.51996 9.0 11.5 22.7 33.7 23.11997 9.0 10.9 21.5 34.1 24.61998 8.1 10.8 21.2 33.2 26.6

19991 7.0 10.2 22.0 32.5 28.3 20002  6.7 9.5 21.4 33.8 28.7 2001  7.1 9.2 21.9 33.0 28.8 2002  6.9 9.7 21.6 32.5 29.2 2003  7.7 9.9 21.5 31.8 29.1

20043  7.6 10.2 21.5 32.1 28.6 2005  7.7 9.9 21.3 31.9 29.2 2006  7.5 9.9 21.6 31.4 29.6 2007  7.8 10.2 21.2 31.6 29.2 2008  8.5 10.5 21.6 31.5 27.9

Children with Income Below Specified Ratio of Their Poverty Threshold: 1980 to 2008(Percent)

1Consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls.2Consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion.3CPS 2005 ASEC file (2004 data) was corrected after the release of the 2004 Income, Poverty and Health Insurance report due to adjustments to the weights.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1981 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Peak month YearTrough month

Year

November 1948 October 1949July 1953 May 1954August 1957 April 1958April 1960 February 1961December 1969 November 1970November 1973 March 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 November 1982July 1990 March 1991March 2001 November 2001December 2007

Recessions

Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.

Page 33: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

• Poverty measures based on the recommendations of the 1995 National Academy of Sciences panel on Poverty and Family Assistance which use different poverty thresholds and after tax disposable income

• Income and poverty estimates that continue to use the official poverty thresholds but that add or subtract resources from the income definition

• Table Creator II which allows researchers to • Change the poverty threshold• Change the resource/income definition• Analyze the incremental impact of the addition or

subtraction of a single resource element

Census Bureau Alternative Measures of Poverty and Income

17

Page 34: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008
Page 35: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Change in the Number of People Below Their Poverty Threshold Using Alternative Resource Measures: 2008

Alternative Resource Measures All People

Children Under 18

Adults 65 and Older

Money income plus cash value of food stamps

-2,238 -962 -165

Money income after income and payroll taxes

-1,678 -1,509 +44

Money income less Social Security income

+19,808 +1,117 +13,410

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.Unpublished data.

Numbers in thousands

18

Page 36: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Alternative resource Children Adults 65 measures All people under 18 and older

Money income plus cash value of food stamps -2,238 -962 -165

Money income after income and payroll taxes -1,678 -1,509 +44

Money income less Social Security income +19,808 +1,117 +13,410

Change in the Number of People Below Their Poverty Threshold Using Alternative Resource Measures: 2008(Numbers in thousands)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Unpublished data.

Page 37: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Percent

15.4%

29.0%

58.5%

66.7%75.5%

Government coverage

Employment-based coverage

Any private coverage

Recession

62.1%

12.9%

23.3%

Uninsured rate

Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008

80

60

40

20

01987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

19

Page 38: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

 Year Private PrivateEmployment-

BasedEmployment-

BasedGovernment Government Uninsured Uninsured

1987 75.5 62.1 23.3 12.91988 74.7 61.9 23.3 13.41989 74.6 61.6 23.3 13.61990 73.2 60.4 24.5 13.91991 72.1 59.7 25.4 14.11992 70.7 57.9 25.8 15.01993 70.2 57.1 26.4 15.31994 70.3 60.9 26.8 15.21995 70.3 61.1 26.4 15.419961 70.6 61.5 25.9 15.41997  70.6 61.8 24.8 15.71998  70.8 62.6 24.3 15.81999 71.7 62.6 24.1 15.019992 72.5 63.9 24.5 14.02000  72.6 64.2 24.7 13.72001  71.5 63.2 25.3 14.12002  70.3 61.9 25.7 14.72003  69.3 61.0 26.6 15.12004  69.0 60.5 27.3 14.92005  68.5 60.2 27.3 15.32006  67.9 59.7 27.0 15.82007  67.5 59.3 27.8 15.32008  66.7 58.5 29.0 15.4

Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2008(Percent)

Note: Respondents were not asked detailed health insurance questions before the 1988 Current Population Survey.

1The series starting in 1996 reflects an approximation of the impact of an editing error that was corrected in the 2005 ASEC (estimates of 2004 coverage).2Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls occurred for the 2000 ASEC, which collected data for 1999. These estimates also reflect the results of follow-up verification questions which were asked of people who responded "no" to all questions about specific types of health insurance coverage in order to verify whether they were actually uninsured. This change increased the number and percentage of people covered by health insurance, bringing the CPS more in line with estimates from other national surveys. The data points are placed at the midpoints of the respective years.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,1988 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Peak month YearTrough month

Year

November 1948 October 1949July 1953 May 1954August 1957 April 1958April 1960 February 1961December 1969 November 1970November 1973 March 1975January 1980 July 1980July 1981 November 1982July 1990 March 1991March 2001 November 2001December 2007

Recessions

Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138<www.nber.org>.

Page 39: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Uninsured Rates by Selected Characteristics: 2008

24.5%

21.4%

14.0%

8.2%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Less than $25,000

$25,000 to $49,999

$50,000 to $74,999

$75,000 or more

Under 18

18 to 64 years

Over 65

Native-born citizen

Naturalized citizen

Noncitizen

12.9%

18.0%

44.7%

9.9%

20.3%

1.7%

20

Page 40: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

AgeUnder 18 years 9.918 to 64 years 20.3 Over 65 years 1.7

Household IncomeLess than $25,00 24.5$25,000 to $49,999 21.4 $50,000 to $74,999 14.0$75,000 or more 8.2

Nativity, CitizenshipNative-born citizen 12.9Naturalized citizen 18.0Noncitizen 44.7

Note: Native born people are citizens at birth. All people with the following citizenship status are native born: (1) Born in the United States; (2) Born in Puerto Rico or a U.S., outlying area; or (3) Born abroad of American parents. All other people are foreign born.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Uninsured Rates by Selected Characteristics: 2008(Percent)

Page 41: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Age Distribution of the Uninsured: 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Under 1815.9%

18 to 24 years17.7%

Over 651.4%

45 to 64 years24.5%

25 to 44 years40.5%

21

Page 42: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Age Distribution of the Uninsured: 2008(Percent)

AgeUnder 18 years 15.918 to 24 years 17.725 to 44 years 40.545 to 64 years 24.5Over 65 years 1.4

Note: Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Page 43: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Income Distribution of the Uninsured: 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Uninsured childrenAll Uninsured

Less than $25,00029.5%

$25,000 to $49,99932.3%

$50,000 to $74,99917.3%

$75,000 or more20.9%

Less than $25,00029.1%

$25,000 to $49,99932.7%

$50,000 to $74,99918.1%

$75,000 or more20.1%

22

Page 44: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Income Distribution of the Uninsured: 2008(Percent)

Note: Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

IncomeAll

uninsuredUninsured children

Less than $25,000 29.5 29.1$25,000 to $49,999 32.3 32.7$50,000 to $74,999 17.3 18.1$75,000 or more 20.9 20.1

Page 45: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Nativity, Citizenship Status of the Uninsured: 2008

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Uninsured childrenAll Uninsured

Noncitizen10.9%

Noncitizen20.5%

Native-born citizen88.4%

Naturalized citizen0.7%

Naturalized citizen6.0%

Native-born citizen73.5%

23

Page 46: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

Nativity, Citizenship Status of the Uninsured: 2008(Percent)

Note: Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.Native born people are citizens at birth. All people with the following citizenship status are native born: (1) Born in the United States; (2) Born in Puerto Rico or a U.S., outlying area; or (3) Born abroad of American parents. All other people are foreign born.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar09.pdf>.

Income All uninsuredUninsured children

Native-born citizen 73.5 88.4Naturalized citizen 6.0 0.7Noncitizen 20.5 10.9

Page 47: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics AdministrationU.S. CENSUS BUREAU

For additional questions, contact:

Public Information Office301-763-3030

www.census.gov

For data and reports, visit:

24

Page 48: Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage:  2008