Income GenerationLaura Beduz, Louisa Evans, Gustavo Grandal Montero, Sarah Perry, Catherine Sharp

Introduction Reasons for charging History Chargeable services The future of income generation Planning and surrounding issues Conclusion

Reasons for Charging Cover costs Allowing additional services Profit Deterrent (fines, ILLs, printing)

History 1 1950s & 1960s: public libraries overdue charges postage for book reservations non-residents & non-affiliated (& academic) 1970s: fees for online databases (per enquiry) 1980s: new services - multimedia journal subscriptions regular

History 2 1980s onwards: information as commodity Fee-based information services Move from nominal to market pricing Political difficulties:

charging for NEW services, not those previously free

Chargeable Services v Basic Basic free (legal obligations) What is ‘basic’? Categories of chargeable services:

regulatory (punitive): fines, lost books

special services

SLAs

Chargeable Services: cost recovery

Photocopying Printing Audio/visual loans Book loans

(academic, for external members)

Reference access Reservations &

ILLs Withdrawn stock Enquiries

‘Commercial’ Services Room hire Publications Professions (solicitors etc),

business, industry Research (time defined) Bibliographic: course materials etc

Exploiting Collections Digitising collections Images, art, journals,

books Methods:

sell content onlinesubscriptionsadvertising; linkssponsorship; ‘adopt a book’ schemes

‘Adopt a book’

Planning Assessing need for

services Assessing willingness

to pay Resources & skills

available; staff training Realistic forecasts;

business plans Market research

Relationship with users IP rights Reputation & purpose

of organisation Duty of care to items;

inappropriate use Systems & setup costs

Pricing Objectives? Average-cost Price discrimination Usage Concessions (avoiding discrimination)? Service Level Agreements (SLAs) Consistency and openness

Price discrimination

Transparency

Conclusion Charging increasingly important issue Not ‘do we charge’ but ‘how do we charge’? Service, not income, should be priority