Inclusive Education for children with disability Inclusive Education for children with disability at Kindergartens in Central Highlands in Vietnamat Kindergartens in Central Highlands in Vietnam

Anneke Maarse - Pham DzungAnneke Maarse - Pham Dzung

Medical Committee Netherland Medical Committee Netherland VietnamVietnam

Vietnam & disability informationVietnam & disability information

• Population: about 87 millionPopulation: about 87 million

• 63 provinces, 687 districts, 11013 63 provinces, 687 districts, 11013 communescommunes

• GDP per capita: about 1000 USDGDP per capita: about 1000 USD

• Disability prevalence: Disability prevalence: about 6% - 15%about 6% - 15%

Central HighlandsSea

Sea

Children with disabilitiesChildren with disabilities

• Total number of children: 28 mil – 32% populationTotal number of children: 28 mil – 32% population

• Total number of CWD:Total number of CWD:– CWD (6-17 years old) in estimation 2006: 995,000 (3.8%)CWD (6-17 years old) in estimation 2006: 995,000 (3.8%)– CWD (0-17) last update by UNICEF: 1.2 mil – 4.2%CWD (0-17) last update by UNICEF: 1.2 mil – 4.2%

• Distribution by main types of disabilityDistribution by main types of disability– Learning difficultyLearning difficulty 28%28%– Mobility difficultyMobility difficulty 19%19%– Visual impairmentVisual impairment 14%14%– Speech difficultySpeech difficulty 13%13%– Hearing impairment Hearing impairment 12%12%

Vietnam’s commitment for Education for Vietnam’s commitment for Education for CWDCWD

• Second nation that signed UNCRC 1989Second nation that signed UNCRC 1989

• Issued the Ordinance on Disability 1998, Issued the Ordinance on Disability 1998, chapter 3 for Education.chapter 3 for Education.

• Signed to join BIWAKO Millenium Frame Signed to join BIWAKO Millenium Frame work (BMF) – 2002work (BMF) – 2002

• 2007: Signed the UNCRP2007: Signed the UNCRP

Education system in Education system in VietnamVietnam

National level

Provincial levelProvince People Committee

District levelDistrict People Committee

Commune levelCommune People Committee

Ministry of Education and Training

Provincial Dept Education and Training

District Dept of Education and Training

High school16-18

Pre-school3-5 year old

Primary Edu6-10

Secondary11-15

Univeristies, Colleges

Education for CWDEducation for CWD

• Special Education: Since 1930sSpecial Education: Since 1930s

• Inclusive education: introduced by INGO Inclusive education: introduced by INGO since 2000ssince 2000s

• Rate of CWD going to school: 24.2%Rate of CWD going to school: 24.2%

• Rate of CWD attending Pre-school is very Rate of CWD attending Pre-school is very lowlow

Medical Committee Netherland Medical Committee Netherland VietnamVietnam

• Since 1968Since 1968

• Fields of current supports: health care for Fields of current supports: health care for vulnerable groups, comprehensive support vulnerable groups, comprehensive support for people with a disability.for people with a disability.

• Purpose of activities: improvement of Purpose of activities: improvement of health and quality of life of disadvantaged health and quality of life of disadvantaged groupsgroups

Project area Project area

• Dak Lak: moutainous province in Central Dak Lak: moutainous province in Central HighlandsHighlands

• Population: 1.8 mil, 44 minorities.Population: 1.8 mil, 44 minorities.

• Administration: 13 districts, 165 communesAdministration: 13 districts, 165 communes

• 78% of population are doing agriculture78% of population are doing agriculture

• 32% of population living in remote areas32% of population living in remote areas

• Rate of CWD: 11.2% much higher than average Rate of CWD: 11.2% much higher than average proportion.proportion.

• Rate of CWD went to school before project (1999) Rate of CWD went to school before project (1999) : about 11%: about 11%

OpportunitiesOpportunities

• CBR network CBR network

• Good relationship between MCNV and Good relationship between MCNV and authoritiesauthorities

• Commitment of local authoritiesCommitment of local authorities

• WB’s programme for education for WB’s programme for education for disadvantaged children disadvantaged children

Barriers for education for CWDBarriers for education for CWD

• Geographical disadvantageGeographical disadvantage

• Limited awareness about disabilityLimited awareness about disability

• Teacher lack understanding and skills to provide education Teacher lack understanding and skills to provide education to CWDto CWD

• Lack of supportive conditions to facilitate the education Lack of supportive conditions to facilitate the education CWDCWD

• Poor health situation of CWDPoor health situation of CWD

• CWD come from poor familiesCWD come from poor families

MCNV approach to IEMCNV approach to IE

• ComprehensiveComprehensive

• SustainableSustainable

• Lifelong supportLifelong support

EmpowermentEmpowerment

• Support Disabled People Support Disabled People Clubs and CWD’s parent Clubs and CWD’s parent association at communityassociation at community

• Capacity building for these Capacity building for these self-help groups in advocay, self-help groups in advocay, peer-education and peer-education and counselling.counselling.

• Community awareness Community awareness

Livelihood supportLivelihood support

• Provide poor CWD’s families Provide poor CWD’s families with micro-credit with micro-credit

• Train them to develop a Train them to develop a household income generating household income generating planplan

• Follow up to support Follow up to support householdes in using the loanhouseholdes in using the loan

Health servicesHealth services• Home-based rehabilitationHome-based rehabilitation

• Referral networkReferral network

• Early detection based on Community Early detection based on Community Based Rehablitation networkBased Rehablitation network

• Provide early intervention if need: Provide early intervention if need: operation, assistive devicesoperation, assistive devices

• Counselling and advice to parents, teacherCounselling and advice to parents, teacher

Inclusive EducationInclusive Education

• Promoting positive attitudesPromoting positive attitudes

• Promoting inclusive learning Promoting inclusive learning environmentsenvironments

• Promoting early interventionPromoting early intervention

• Supporting appropriate policy Supporting appropriate policy developmentdevelopment

• Supporting change of system in Supporting change of system in educationeducation

School for all

Positive teacherattitude

Alternative methodsof teacher education

Child-centredcurriculum

Supportive policiesParent and communityinvolvement

Appropriate teachingAids and equipment

Flexible teaching methods

Well supported teacher and schools

Education for CWD under 6Education for CWD under 6

• Home (community) basedHome (community) based

• Kindergarten basedKindergarten based

• Centre based: Support CentreCentre based: Support Centre

What is a Support Centre?What is a Support Centre?

• Organisation to support and develop Inclusive Organisation to support and develop Inclusive Education in the provinceEducation in the province

• Functions and tasksFunctions and tasks– Human resource development of IE networkHuman resource development of IE network– Early intervention for CWDEarly intervention for CWD– Special education classesSpecial education classes– Coaching and support visits to local schools and familiesCoaching and support visits to local schools and families– Counselling to parents, teachers and other actors Counselling to parents, teachers and other actors

involved in IEinvolved in IE– Audiological testing, make ear moulds for hearing – aidsAudiological testing, make ear moulds for hearing – aids– Advice Education Dept of Province about policy and Advice Education Dept of Province about policy and

mechanism regarding to IE implementationmechanism regarding to IE implementation

Capacity building and field supportCapacity building and field support

• Monthly visits by resource teachers from the Monthly visits by resource teachers from the centre to follow up individual education plancentre to follow up individual education plan

• Joined by teachers from district level to develop Joined by teachers from district level to develop their capacity to be a resource teachertheir capacity to be a resource teacher

• Regular exchange meeting for teachersRegular exchange meeting for teachers

• Regular exchange among parents of CWDRegular exchange among parents of CWD

Early interventionEarly intervention

• To enhance the development To enhance the development of children with of children with developmental delay, developmental delay, enabling condition for enabling condition for inclusion inclusion

• Parents are key in Early Parents are key in Early InterventionIntervention

• The support centre has The support centre has expertise and rooms for EI; expertise and rooms for EI; capacity of kindergartens is capacity of kindergartens is also developed to provide EIalso developed to provide EI

Main achievements in Dak LakMain achievements in Dak Lak

• CWD from 3 to 6 years- old attend IE Kindergarten: 63%CWD from 3 to 6 years- old attend IE Kindergarten: 63%

• For CWD under 3 years old, 75% improve their skills For CWD under 3 years old, 75% improve their skills through home-based early intervention servicesthrough home-based early intervention services

• There are 69, out of 99 Kindergartens (70%) in the project There are 69, out of 99 Kindergartens (70%) in the project area that are have a welcoming and accessible learning area that are have a welcoming and accessible learning environment for CWDenvironment for CWD

• Support Centre is well funtioning in line with its tasks, Support Centre is well funtioning in line with its tasks, including training for management and teachers of IE including training for management and teachers of IE kindergartens kindergartens

• Early detection and early intervention is integrated as a Early detection and early intervention is integrated as a function of Kindergartensfunction of Kindergartens

• IE is part of mainstream education in provinceIE is part of mainstream education in province

ConclusionConclusion

• IE for CWD needs a comprehensive IE for CWD needs a comprehensive approachapproach

• Parents play an essential roleParents play an essential role

• Focus on children from 0-6 years old with a Focus on children from 0-6 years old with a developmental delay is vital for succesful developmental delay is vital for succesful Inclusive EducationInclusive Education

• Inclusive education requires a change in the Inclusive education requires a change in the system of educationsystem of education

Thank you!