© Simeon Keates 2008 Usability with Project Lecture 7 – 30/09/09 Dr. Simeon Keates.
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Transcript of Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and...
![Page 1: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Inclusive Design Principles and Interface Design
Simeon KeatesDepartment of Engineering
University of Cambridge
![Page 2: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Designing acceptable interfaces through inclusive design
• Need to counter design exclusionDesign examples:• Assessing design exclusion
– Kiosks• Countering design exclusion
– Computer access for motion-impaired users
![Page 3: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Designing for Inclusivity - I What is good inclusive design?
• A good inclusive design is one which only excludes…… those who the product requirements
exclude
![Page 4: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Designing for Inclusivity - II The important questions...
We must first ask:• How are people excluded?Followed by:• How many are excluded?
And finally:• What can we do about it?
![Page 5: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Inclusive Design Cube -Modelling the population
Wholepopulation
Includedpopulation
Increasingsensory
capability
Increasingmotion
capability
Increasingcognitivecapability
![Page 6: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is a good interface?
• Acceptable by the intended user group
Need to define:• What is the intended user group?• What is acceptable?
![Page 7: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Who are the intended users?
Typical user stereotypes• The “disabled”• The “elderly”• The “person in the street”• The “customer”
![Page 8: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Who are the intended users?
Typical user stereotypes• The “disabled”• The “elderly”• The “person in the street”• The “customer”
![Page 9: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Who are the intended users?
Typical user stereotypes• The “disabled”• The “elderly”• The “person in the street”• The “customer”
![Page 10: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Who are the intended users?
Typical user stereotypes• The “disabled”• The “elderly”• The “person in the street”• The “customer”
![Page 11: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Who are the intended users?
Typical user stereotypes• The “disabled”• The “elderly”• The “person in the street”• The “customer”
![Page 12: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Designing for accessibility -What is different?
“Designers design for themselves”
• Capabilities• Experience• Education• Expectation• Attitudes
![Page 13: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What is a good interface?
• Acceptable by the intended user group
Need to define:• What is the intended user group?• What is acceptable?
![Page 14: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Designing accessible interfaces -What are we aiming for?
Acceptability
Practical Social•Utility
• Usability
• Accessibility
• Aesthetics
• Stigma
• Usefulness
• “Street-cred”
![Page 15: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Acceptable interfaces? - I
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Acceptable interfaces? - II
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Designing acceptable interfaces
Strongly user-centred design practicesneeds
Good understanding of user behaviourneeds
Good understanding of interaction cycle
![Page 18: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The interaction cycle
APPLICATION:PRODUCT / SERVICE
INTERFACE
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
USER
1 - GIVEN USERS - WHAT PRODUCT FEATURES?1 - GIVEN USERS - WHAT PRODUCT FEATURES?
2 - GIVEN PRODUCT FEATURES - WHAT USERS?2 - GIVEN PRODUCT FEATURES - WHAT USERS?
![Page 19: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The inclusive design knowledge loop
![Page 20: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The inclusive design knowledge loop
![Page 21: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The inclusive design knowledge loop
![Page 22: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Example
Assessing design exclusion
![Page 23: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Kiosk design
• Evaluated by Royal Mail• 1 in 7 Royal Mail customers “disabled”• Strong bias towards over-60s• Must comply with DDA• … and lead by example
![Page 24: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The concept Information Point
Output
Input
![Page 25: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Information Point assessmentSensory assessment• Screen too high and not adjustable• Audio output not duplicated• Visual output not duplicated
Motor assessment:• Need to stand• Reaching and dexterity demands
⇒ 45% of target population excluded
![Page 26: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Level 2population coverage
Level 4populationcoverage
Level 3Population coverage
Current design
User-awaredesign
Needing assistance
Estimatedlower bound
Estimatedupper bound
![Page 27: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The “Your Guide” kiosk
![Page 28: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The “Your Guide” kiosk
![Page 29: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The “Your Guide” kiosk
![Page 30: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
“Your Guide” user trial results
• Kiosk hardware fundamentally more accessible
• Software interface not accessible• Ambiguous icons• Poor keyboard emulator• Screen / list layout • Insufficient contrast• Poor design assumptions
![Page 31: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Designers design for themselves...
![Page 32: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Example
Countering design exclusion -Designing an accessible input system
through ‘knowing the user’
![Page 33: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Computer access for motion-impaired users
Symptoms:• Tremor• Spasm• Restricted motion• Reduced strength• Poor co-ordination
![Page 34: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Controlling the cursor
• GUI paradigm requires cursor control• “Point and click”
• Needs:– gross motor control (ballistic)– fine motor control (homing)
• Difficult for motion-impaired users
![Page 35: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Modelling the user behaviour
• Typically only Movement Time (MT) and error rates reported
• These explain that differences exist…… not why they exist
• If we know why there are difficulties, then it is easier to propose solutions
![Page 36: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Cursor measures - I
• Target Re-Entry (TRE)
• Task Axis Crossing (TAC)
![Page 37: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The cursor measures - II
• Movement Direction Change (MDC)
• Orthogonal Direction Change (ODC)
![Page 38: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The cursor measures - III
• Movement Time (MT)– time to complete the task
• Throughput (TP)– ratio of index of difficulty to Movement Time
• Missed Click (MCL)
![Page 39: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Improving access
Question -• Can we improve ‘point and click’
performance?
![Page 40: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
User trials II -The experimental set-up
• ISO 9241-9 multidirectional point-select task
![Page 41: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The haptic experiment -Experimental set-up
![Page 42: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The haptic experiment -Background
• Gravity wells may help
Target
Gravity wellAttractive force
![Page 43: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
The haptic experiment -Example cursor plots
Without assistance With assistanceTarget
![Page 44: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The haptic experiment -Question
• Question - How do gravity wells improve interaction?
![Page 45: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The haptic experiment -Conclusions
Throughput (TP) improves because:• Movement Time (MT) decreases
because:• ability to select the target improves
(TRE & MCL reduced); and• movement towards the target is more
effective (MDC reduced)
![Page 46: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The haptic experiment -Explanation
Without assistance
With assistance
![Page 47: Inclusive Design Principles and Interface · PDF fileInclusive Design Principles and Interface Design Simeon Keates Department of Engineering University of Cambridge](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5a9f656c7f8b9a8e178caa57/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Summary
• We want to make interfaces as accessible and inclusive as possible
• Can be achieved through ... countering design exclusion