Including Students with Disabilities in the Computing ... · •Moving to accessible classroom...
Transcript of Including Students with Disabilities in the Computing ... · •Moving to accessible classroom...
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Including Students with
Disabilities in the Computing
Education Pipeline
Richard Ladner
University of Washington
NCWIT Summit 2016
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Who are these people?
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Chieko
Asakawa Annalu
Waller
Shiri
Azenkot
Kavita
Krishnaswamy
Annie
Antón
Jennifer
Mankoff
Karen
Alkoby
Jeanine
Cook
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Even More
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From Meta
Science News
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Even More
4 Temple Grandin
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My Message
Computing fields need more people
with disabilities because their
expertise and perspectives spark
innovation.
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Outline
• Who are they?
• Innovations driven by accessibility
• Barriers
• Removing barriers
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Who are they?
• 1 billion people world-wide
• 15% of the world’s population
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Disabilities
• Vision – Blind
– Low-Vision
– Color Blind
• Hearing – Deaf
– Hard of Hearing
• Speech – Ability to speak
– Stuttering
• Mobility – Ability to walk
– Ability to use limbs
• Cognition – Dyslexia
– Memory loss
• Emotional
– bipolar
• Multiple – Deaf-blindness
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Disability in K-12
• Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) – Individual Education Plan (IEP)
– 6.4 million in 2010 (13%)
• Section 504 – Rehabilitation Act – Provisions for accommodations
– 1 million more (my estimate based in
Washington State)
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IDEA Demographics
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Total 6,400,000
Learning 2,400,000
Speech/Language 1,400,000
Health 700,000
Autism 400,000
Developmental 400,000
Emotional 400,000
Hearing 80,000
Mobility 60,000
Vision 30,000
NCES Table
204.30
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Disability in Higher Ed
• 15% in K-12
• 10% in College
• 4% in Graduate School
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NCES Table: 311.10
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Outline
• Who are they
• Innovations driven by accessibility
• Barriers
• Removing barriers
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Accessibility Innovations Matter
Innovations for
Disability
Solutions for
Everyone
Telephone
Personal texting
Speech recognition
Personal video chat
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The Telephone
• The telephone was invented by A.G. Bell in his efforts “of devising methods of exhibiting the vibrations of sound optically, for use in teaching the deaf and dumb.” (Fay, American Annals of the Deaf, 1887)
A.G. Bell
1880
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Deaf Technology 15
Texting
TTY 1950s
TTY with modem 1970s
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Deaf Technology 16
Robert H. Weitbrecht
Invented the acoustic modem in the 1960s so that he could use the telephone through a TTY.
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Deaf Technology 17
History of the TTY
Author: Harry Lang
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TTY 1980s - 2005
Deaf Technology 18
Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD)
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E-Mail / Instant Messaging
Sidekick Blackberry
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Speech Recognition for Hands
Free Access
Sang-Mook Lee
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Speech for Eyes Free Access
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Apple Siri
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Picturephone
“Picturephone” demonstrated
by AT&T at the 1964 World’s
Fair
› Required too much
bandwidth for phone
system
› Deaf world excited then
disappointed
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Video Phone
Set top box
Sorenson 2002
Purple 2010
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Ubiquitous Video Phone
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Google Hangouts Skype
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Mobile Video Phones
Skype Mobile 2012 Facetime for the iPhone 2011
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My Message
Disability and technology
innovation are intertwined
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Outline
• Who are they
• Innovations driven by accessibility
• Barriers
• Removing barriers
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Barriers
• Attitudinal
• Physical
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Historical Attitudes
• Exclusion
• Accommodations
– Reactive add-ons
• Universal Design
– Proactive
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Examples of Accommodations
• Extra time on tests
• Proctored exams
• Materials in alternative format
• Alternative assignments
• Moving to accessible classroom
• Sign language interpreter
• Note taker
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Examples of Universal Design
• Multiple ways of assessment
• Multiple explanations of concepts
• Clear expectations
• Scaffolding
• Worked examples
• Captioned videos
• Accessible web pages
• Just good teaching
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The Raina story
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Block Based Languages
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Raina’s Technology
Power wheel chair
Joy Stick
Key Guard
Large Monitor
AAC Device
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Outline
• Who are they
• Innovations driven by accessibility
• Barriers
• Removing barriers
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Teacher Attitudes
• Compliance vs. Welcoming
• Low bar vs. high bar
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VISION DISABILITIES
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Screen Reader for Blind
Students • Allows non-visual access to screens
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Braille
• Braille Translation
– Duxbury
– Braille 2000
• Braille Printers
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Braille Displays
Notetakers
Large Display
Small Braille I/O
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Tactile Graphics
Embosser Swell paper
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Built-in Magnification
• Window magnifier
• Apple zoom
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Internal Magnification
ZoomText
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External Magnification
IPEVO VZ-1 HD
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LEARNING DISABILITIES
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Note Taking Technology
Livescribe Smartpen
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Speech Output
Dragon Naturally Speaking
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Visual Thinking Tool
Inspiration
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Visual Analysis Tool
TinkerPlots
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Equation Editor
Microsoft Equation Editor
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Accessibility is Becoming
Mainstream • VoiceOver for iOS
• Talkback for Android
• Narrator for Windows
• Ctrl+ for Browsers
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Acknowledgements
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Founded 2006
CNS-1539179
Founded 2014
CNS-1440843
CNS-1440878
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions
or recommendations expressed
in this material are mine and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.
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My Message
Computing fields need more people
with disabilities because their
expertise and perspectives spark
innovation.
We can make it happen!!
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