INCIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF MYOPIA DR. SRINIVAS, MD GOVT. NIZAMIA HOSPITAL / PVRI HYDERABAD. INDIA I...
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Transcript of INCIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF MYOPIA DR. SRINIVAS, MD GOVT. NIZAMIA HOSPITAL / PVRI HYDERABAD. INDIA I...
INCIDENCEAND
ANALYSISOF MYOPIA
DR. SRINIVAS, MDGOVT. NIZAMIA HOSPITAL / PVRI
HYDERABAD. INDIA
I receive research reimbursement from Pushpagiri Eye Institute.
• MYOPIA IS A COMPLEX MULTI FACTORIAL CIVILIZED OCULAR DISORDER
• INCREASING ITS INCIDENCE RATE THROUGH OUT THE WORLD. HIGH IN USA, JAPAN, ISRAEL, CHINA, TAIWAN, SINGAPORE AND INDIA ALSO JOINING WITH THEM.
• 70 MILLION PEOPLE ARE MYOPES IN USA ONLY AND 30 MILLION PEOPLE ARE AFTER T.V. INVENTION AND SPENDING 3, 4 BILLION. (BEDROSSIN)
• THIRD MAJOR OCULAR DISORDER AFTER MACULAR DEGENERATION.
• YOUNGER PEOPLE LIKE SCHOOL CHILDREN AND THEPEOPLE INVOLVED IN CLOSE WORK ARE MORE MYOPES.
• 70 MILLION PEOPLE ARE MYOPES IN USA ONLY AND 30 MILLION PEOPLE ARE AFTER T.V. INVENTION AND SPENDING 3, 4 BILLION. (BEDROSSIN)
• THIRD MAJOR OCULAR DISORDER AFTER MACULAR DEGENARATIION.
• YOUNGER PEOPLE LIKE SCHOOL CHILDREN AND THE PEOPLE INVOLVED IN CLOSE WORK ARE MORE MYOPES.
• IT’S MULTI FACTORIAL VISUAL DISORDER WHICH IS IMMENSE SPECULATIONS AND CONTROVERSIES.
• IT’S THEORIES ARE FANCIFUL & CONTROVERSIES (FRONCOIS J 1982, BEDROSSION 1982)
• RUDIMENTARY (WILSON MR. BAKER RS. 1990)
• ACADEMICIANS ARE NOT CONCENTRATED AS SUCH IT IS NOT ALARMING OR FRIGHTENING NOR REWARDING
• INCREASING OF INCIDENT, ENORMOUS EXPENDITURE, UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA OF THE YOUNG MYOPES ETC., ARE THE MAIN FACTOR TO KNOW MORE ABOUT MYOPIA
MATERIALS AND METHODS
• STUDY CONSISTS OF 30,000 MYOPES• YOUNG AGE RANGE OF 6-20 YEARS• BOTH SEXES• DIOPTIC RANGE BETWEEN –0.75 TO –5.00 D
PARAMETERS• EXTRA OCULAR EXAMINATION • VISUAL EXAMINATION WITH AND WITHOUT GLASSES• SUBJECTIVE CORRECTION• CYCLOPLEGIC REFRACTION• OBJECTIVE CORRECTION• FUNDUS EXAMINATION
• HISTORY, DURATION AND FAMILY HISTORY• LIVING CONDITIONS• DIET PATTERN (VEG, NON VEG)• SOCIO-ECONOMICS STATUS• PHYSICAL STATUS• STUDY HOURS• T.V. VIEWING • COMPUTERS
EXCLUDED
• AMBLYOPIAS
• ASTIGMATISM
• UNIOCULAR MYOPIAS
• CORNEAL LEASIONS, KERATOPATHY AND DYSTROPHIES
OBSERVATIONSEXWISE DISTRIBUTION
SEX NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGEMALE 10,000 33.3%FEMALE 20,000 66.6%
DIOPTERS WISE DISTRIBUTION
DIOPTERS NO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE-1.00 –1.99 3000 11.5%-2.00 –2.99 10,000 33.3%-3.00 –3.99 8,000 26.6%-4.00 –5.00 9,000 30.00%
FAMILY HISTORYOF USING GLASSES
NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGEMOTHERS 5000 16.6%FATHERS 7000 23.3%BOTH PARENTS 8000 26.6%NO PARENTS 10,000 33.3%
SOCIO-ECONOMICAL DISTRIBUTION
GROUP NO. OF CASESPERCENTAGEHIGH INCOME 12,000 40%
MODERATE 10,000 33.3%
LOW INCOME 8,000 26.6%
INVOLVEMENT OF SCHOOL NON-SCHOOL GOERS
TYPE NO. OF CASESPERCENTAGESCHOOL GOING
CHILDREN 20,000 66.6%
NON-SCHOOL
GOERS 10,000 33.3%
DIETITIC PATTERN
TYPE NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGEVEGETARIANS 18,000 60%NON-VEGETARIANS 12,000 40%
PHYSICAL APPERANCE (BODY MASS)
TYPE NO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE
GOOD 15,000 50%
MODERATE 8,000 26.6%
POOR 7,000 23.3%
DISTRIBUTION OF NEAR WORK INVOLVMENT
GROUP NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGESTUDY 7000 23.3%STUDY + T VVIEWING 8000 26.6%STUDY + T V + COMPUTERS 15,000 50%
LIVING CONDITIONS
LIVING CONDITION NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGESLUM AREA 6000 20%
MODERATE 9000 30%
HIGHER 15,000 50%
DISTRIBUTION OFURBAN & RURAL
GROUP NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGEURBAN 15000 50%
RURAL 6000 20%
MIGRATED 9000 30%
DISCUSSION• EXTENSIVE EPIDEMILOGICAL• STUDIES CARRIED IN THE WORLD• IT MAY VARY FROM COUNTRY TO COUNTRY• THEORIES LIKE HERIDITARY AND • ENVIRONMENTAL ARE MORE ACCEPTED
• INCIDENCE OF MYOPIA INCREASING IN
• THE WORLD AND INDIA IS ALSO JOINING
• IN THEM, BECAUSE OF CIVILIZATION,
• INCREASING STANDARD OF LIFE ETC.
FEMALE CHILDREN INCIDENCE IS HIGHER BECAUSE OF THEIR LIMITED EXTRA ACTIVITIES, MORE INVOLVMENT IN STUDIES AND THEORIES HARMONALCHANGES (CHEN. CY. LEE. LIN. LK 1990)
• MORE MYOPIC CASES I.E. 33.3% WHERE
• THEIR PARENTS ARE NOT MYOPES
• INDICATES THE MORE ENVIRONMENTAL.
• SIMILAR OBSERVATIONS MADE BY (CHEN
• (90) PARSSINEN. LYRA (93)
• HIGHER SOCIO-ECONOMIC INVOLVMENT IS
• MORE DUE TO THEIR HIGH STANDARD OF
• LIVING, HIGH COLORIC INTAKING,
• VIEWING T.V., AUDIO VISUAL AND COMPUTER ETC.
• SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN ARE MORE
• MYOPES THAN NON-GOERS MORE AND MORE
• CLOSE WORK LIKE STUDY, T.V. AND
• COMPUTERS WILL ENHANCE THE
• PREVALANCE OF MYOPIA
• VEGETARIANS DIET IS NUTRITIOUS AND ANTOXID, GREAT PEOPLE LIKE PYTHOGOROUS, MILTON, NEWTON, BERNARD SHAW WERE VEGETARIANS
• HIGH INCIDENCE OF MYOPIA SEEN IN GOOD PHYSICAL LOOK. IT IS RELATED BODY DEVELOPMENT ALONG WITH AXIAL LENGTH. YOUNGER GENERATION ARE TALLER THAN OLDER.
• MYOPIA VARIES FROM NATION TO NATION ACCORDING TO THEIR LIFE STYLES, HABITS,
LIVING CONDITIONS, GENETIC FACTORS AND
FOOD PATTERN ETC.