Incheon International Airport (Korean

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INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (KOREAN: ) IS THE LARGEST AIRPORT IN SOUTH KOREA.

SEOUL INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT,SOUTH KOREA


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Located 70 km (43 mi) west of Seoul, the capital and

largest city of South Korea, Incheon International Airportis the main hub for Korean Air, Asiana Airlines and PolarAir Cargo. The airport serves as a hub for internationalcivilian air transportation and cargo traffic in East Asia.Incheon International Airport is also currently Asia's eighth

busiest airport in terms of passengers, the world's secondbusiest airport in terms of international cargo and freight,and the world's ninth busiest airport in terms ofinternational passengers in 2010.[5]

The airport opened for business in early 2001, replacingthe older Gimpo International Airport, which now servesmostly domestic destinations plus shuttle flights to Tokyo(Haneda), Shanghai (Hongqiao), Osaka (Kansai) and

limited service to Nagoya and Tsushima.

Incheon International Airport ,primary airport serving

the Seoul national capital area, and one of the largestand busiest airports in the world. From 2006 to 2008, it

was rated the best airport in the world by the Airports

Council International and received the full 5-star

ranking by Skytrax, a recognition shared only by Hong

Kong International Airport and Singapore Changi

Airport.[4] The airport has a golf course, spa, private

sleeping rooms, ice skating rink, a casino, indoor gardens

and a Museum of Korean Culture.


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Overview

Incheon International Airport is located west of

Incheon's city center, Construction of IncheonAirport began in 1992, by reclaiming 5,615 hectaresof land between Yeongjong Island and YoungyuIsland. It replaces the citys Gimpo Airport which, bythe late 1980s, had reached capacityThe twoislands were originally separated by shallow sea.That area between the two islands was reclaimedfor the construction project, effectively connectingthe once separate Yeongjong and Yongyu islands.The reclaimed area as well as the two islands are all

part of Jung-gu, an administrative district of Incheon. It is connected to the mainland by Incheon

International Airport Expressway (Expressway 130),a part of which is Yeongjong Bridge. Theexpressway also connects Gimpo InternationalAirport to provide connections between domesticflight service with international air traffic, anadvantage that makes it much easier to travel fromsouthern Korean regions to Incheon, and then toairports all over the globe.

The airport is served by frequent bus service from all parts of South Korea as well as by traditional ferryservice between Yeongjong pier and Incheon. Airport limousines operate around the clock from Seoul toIncheon, and several backup highway buses escort people from places within and outside Seoul.


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The Incheon International Airport Railroad connects Incheon International Airport to Gimpo InternationalAirport and Seoul Subway Line 5 and Line 9 which opened March 23, 2007.[6] A further extension in

December 2010 connects the airport to Line 2, Line 4, and Line 6.

The airport was awarded the Best in Service Award in Class at the 1st International Conference onAirport Quality and Service by the IATA and the Airports Council International (ACI), and ranked secondin Best Airport Worldwide, behind Hong Kong International Airport. It was also ranked No. in the worldby the (ACI).[7]

History

After the Seoul Olympics of 1988,international air traffic to Korea increased. Inthe 1990s, it became apparent that GimpoInternational Airport could not cope with theincrease in air traffic.[citation needed] To

reduce the load on Gimpo InternationalAirport, construction of the Incheon airportbegan in November 1992. It was constructedon reclaimed land between Yeongjong Islandand Youngyu Island, and took eight years toconstruct, with an additional six months totest. The airport was officially opened in

March 2001.


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Initially there were numerous problems, mostly involving baggage handling.which required the

system to be operated semi-automatically. Most of the problems were fixed within a month, andthe airport began to operate normally. After the September 11, 2001, attacks in the U.S., and because of regional disease epidemics in

Korea and China, the airports security and medical inspection equipment were upgraded. Air traffic increased markedly and by early 2002 it became apparent that the airport would be

saturated by 2006. As a result in February 2002, the construction of the second phase was

initiated. Originally the construction was supposed to have ended by December 2008. Due to theBeijing Olympics in 2008, however, the construction schedule was modified to allow theconstruction to end by July 2008.

On 15 November 2006 the Airbus A380 landed at the airport as part of the first leg of its

certification trip. Tests on the runways, taxi-ways and ramps showed that the airport could handlethe aircraft.

To further upgrade service Incheon and major Korean logistics firm Hanjin Corporation (parentcompany of the Korean Flag Carrier, Korean Air) agreed on 10 January 2008 to build a nine-story hospital near the airport. Once construction is complete in 2011, the Yeongjong MedicalCentre is expected to serve nearby residents and some of Korea's annual 30,000 medicaltourists


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February 1992: Master plan approved November 1992: Phase I construction and site preparation initiated

July 1994: North and south dikes completed

March 1996: Formally named Incheon International Airport

May 1996: Passenger terminal construction Initiated

December 1996: Runway construction initiated

30 June 2000: Construction of basic components completed

July 2000: Test operations begin

November 2000: Opening date announced

29 March 2001: Airport officially opened

February 2002: Phase II construction started

November 2002: New passenger airline parking stands constructed (Phase 2)

October 2003: Construction of new cargo terminal initiated (Phase 2)

November 2003: Intra Airport Transit (IAT) system construction initiated (Phase 2)

December 2003: Third runway construction initiated (Phase 2)

June 2004: Passenger concourse construction initiated (Phase 2)

April 2005: Final construction of passenger concourse (Phase 2)

March 2007: Airport railroad started operation

June 2008: Phase II construction completed


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Construction stages

The airport was originally planned to be built

in three phases, incrementally increasingairport capacity as the demand grew. Thiswas changed, however, to four phases afterthe airport was opened.

Phase 1

In Phase 1, the airport had a capacity of 30million passengers per year, and a cargocapacity of 1.7 million metric tonnes yearly.In this phase, a passenger terminal with afloor space of 496,000 square metres(5,340,000 sq ft), two parallel runways, acontrol tower, an administrative building, atransportation centre (the Integrated

Transportation Centre, designed by TerryFarrell & Partners), and integratedoperations centre, three cargo terminals,international business centre, and agovernment office building wereconstructed.


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Phase 2

Phase 2 construction began in 2002 and was

originally expected to be completed in December2008. However, in an attempt to have the airportready for the 2008 Beijing Olympics which tookplace in August 2008, the schedule was modifiedand Phase 2 construction was completed on 20June 2008. During this construction phase, athird parallel 4,000 metres (13,000 ft)-longrunway and a 13-hectare cargo terminal areawere added. A 16.5 hectare concourse connectedto the main passenger building via two parallel

870 metres (2,850 ft) long undergroundpassageways was added, with a "Shuttle train"Mitsubishi Crystal Mover APM shuttlingpassengers between the concourse and the mainterminal.[9]

With the completion, the airport has an annualcapacity of 410,000 flights, 44,000,000 passengers,and nearly 4,500,000 metric tonnes of cargo. In

addition, there were numerous equipment upgrSOIadesduring the phase, including the newer and better ASDE-X with MRI (Multi Radar Tracking) function, and theADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast)system with the RIMCAS (Runway Incursion Monitoringand Conflict Alert System) function. The installation offour additional sets of ASDE-X antennas is planned toreduce blind spots during heavy rainfall and in

preparation for the new runway.


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Phase 3

Plans to invest 4 trillion by 2015 to expandIncheon International Airport. The South Koreangovernment plans to add a second passengerterminal in the northern field of the airport andexpand its existing cargo terminal and otherinfrastructure. The terminals will be connected witheach other by the underground "Starline" train, whichcurrently links the first terminal and the concourse.Upon completion, Incheon International Airport willbe able to handle 62 million passengers and 5.8million tonnes of cargo a year, up from the currentcapacity of 44 million passengers and 4.5 milliontonnes.

Upon completion, Incheon International Airportwill be able to handle 62 million passengers and

5.8 million tonnes of cargo a year, up from thecurrent capacity of 44 million passengers and4.5 million tonnes. Construction will begin in2011 with completion targeted for 2015. Plansfor Incheon's expansion also include addingmore aprons to park planes and extending arailway line to the city centre of Seoul about 70

kilometres away from the airport.


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Phase 4

Estimated to be completed in 2020 this is thefinal and the ultimate construction stage. Upon

completion, the airport will have two passengerterminals, four satellite concourses, 128 gates,and five parallel runways(one exclusively forcargo flights). It will be able to handle 100million passengers and 7 million metric tonnesof cargo annually, with further possibleexpansions. The airport is projected to betransformed into one of the top ten busiest inthe world by 2020.

Runways

There are three parallel paved asphalt runways in

operation, 15R/33L, 15L/33R and 16/34. Runway15R/33L and 15L/33R are each 3,750 meterslong, 60 meters wide, and 1.05 meters thick.Runway 16/34 is 4000 meters long. Runway15R/33L is used mostly for departures whilerunway 15L/33R is used mostly for arrivals. Thisis evident from the amount of rubber present oneach runway;


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The terminal has 44 boarding ports (all of which canaccommodate the new Airbus 380), 50 customsinspection ports, 2 biological quarantine counters, 6stationary and 14 portable passenger quarantinecounters, 120 arrival passport inspection counters, 8arrival security ports, 28 departure security ports,252 check in counters, and 120 departure passportinspection counters.


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Incheon International Airport (Korean

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