No Slide TitleINCAPACITATING AGENTS USER TRAINING
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES • At the end of this course students will be • Knowledgeable of the authorized
incapacitating agents effects, delivery systems, decontamination and first aid.
• Upon completion of this training program, students will demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of applicable DOC polices related to Incapacitating Agents Training.
• At the end of the course students will demonstrate an understanding of the effects of OC and CS through practical exposure to each, and demonstrate techniques in working through the effects of each.
USE OF INCAPACITATING AGENTS Definition:
DOC 306.09
DOC 306.07.03
“ Any agent approved by the DOC for the purpose of overcoming continued resistance, active resistance, assaultive behavior or its threat.”
• DAI 306.07.01 Use of Force – "Incapacitating Agents": The planned use
of incapacitating agents requires authorization in accordance with the line of succession. Reactive use of incapacitating agents does not require prior authorization.
– Non-Deadly Force – Used primarily as a Protective Alternatives
(Review the Use of Force Policy) – Incapacitating Agents (Approved by the
Department) – Reactive vs. Planned use of force
• Types of Tactics/Tools - Incapacitating Agents – Electronic Control Devices – Impact Weapon. – Specialty Munitions
• Application: – Each institution shall ensure that every staff
member authorized to use these Tactics/Tools are properly trained in their use, and guidelines of DAI 306-07-01, section 1, are adhered to for authorization.
•DAI 306.07.03 Use of Force-DOC Approved, Commercially Manufactured
Tools
Ortho Chloro-benzal-Malononitrile- CS
• Developed around 1950 as a medium type application between CN & DM (Adamsite)- both of which are no longer in use
• Causes intense irritation of all moist skin areas (mouth / nose / sinuses)
• CS causes extreme temporary discomfort, tends to give off an odor of pepper
• Can be dispensed via streamer / foggers / grenade / projectiles
•Approved for outdoor use only except in emergencies.
OLEORESIN CAPSICUM (OC)
• An inflammatory agent and natural substance derived from the cayenne pepper.
• Active ingredient: Capsaicin • Odor – none, but the carrier may have odors. • January 1990 was approved by the FBI for it’s
field agents to carry. • OC is used by over half of the total number of
law enforcement agencies, and correctional facilities within the US.
Incapacitating Agent Chart
Agent Abbreviation Odor Classification
NOTE: Colors are no longer used to identify, always READ the labels of the product to verify the contents. STREAMER, FOGGER, GEL, VAPOR of FOAM.
Ortho Chloro- benzal-malono- nitrile
Agent Eye closure Respiratory Officer Response
CS Aerosol
Voluntary Distress/
Strobe Eyes, Control Breathing, Tilt head forward
LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION When handling or using any type of agents, we
need to understand that there are three levels of contamination. Each will effect an individual differently.
A. Level 1: This is defined as direct physical contact with the agent used. This level 1 contamination is the result of a direct contact to the facial area – spraying a subject directly in the face. MOST SEVERE!
LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION B. Level 2: This is defined as an indirect or
secondary contact to the agent used. This level 2 contamination is the result of attempting to control or physically touch another person, or item which has had a level 1 contamination – moving in to control a subject who has just been contaminated. MOST COMMON!
LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION
C. Level 3: This is defined as an area contamination of the agent used, such as after using OC in an aerosol form, or other agents that have been used to contaminate an open area – entering a contaminated zone or area. MOST UNCONTROLLABLE!
EFFECTS OF INCAPACITATING
• Burning, stinging sensation
• Potential closing of eyes
• Agents will affect the lachrymal glands of the eye, causing intense tearing
• Respiration effects: tightness of chest - difficulty controlling breathing
• Nauseated stomach & headaches
Presenter
Presentation Notes
May need to know this! Subjects who panic often become the most dangerous – they may not listen to direction and are not predictable.
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS (MENTAL)
In many cases the mental effects may far outweigh the physical effects and be the determining factor in the subject’s response or time of incapacitation or distraction.
• Anxiety – Fear of the unknown – The action of pointing an aerosol. – It is normal for an individual to experience increased
anxiety when faced with the unknown. – The pain, and at times the appearance of the injury,
may reinforce this belief. – OC in itself has not been found to trigger an asthma
attack, however it may increase the possibility of an anxiety attack.
PHYSICAL and PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• Hands covering face and eyes • Involuntary extension of hands to block face area • Extending arms outward towards officer • Turning head away from officer • Vigorously shaking head • Closing eyes • Looking down • Holding breathe • Running to or away from officer • Running to areas a common person would not go
Potential Injuries to Eyes
• Torn or Ripped Sclera • Cornea Abrasion • Bruise Pupil • Torn Retina
Reasons for Common Injuries to Eyes
• Being to close when being contaminated • Continuous rubbing of the eyes • Debris from sand, grass, bugs,
environment • Wrongful Decontamination procedures
from subject or student
How do Staff combat the Effects of Agents?
• Strobing of the Eyes – the rapid opening and closing of your eyes to start the flushing out process to restore vision and focus.
• Reverse Auto-Genic Breathing – a system for breathing to calm blood flow and allow officer to focus physically and mentally on the threat at hand and reduce the possibility of hyper ventilating.
Inhaling through their mouth to allow the maximum amount of oxygen into their lungs.
Then exhaling through their nose to clear the mucus membranes and any other
obstruction that may hinder their breathing.
“Farmer’s Blow”
Medical Attention and Clean-Up
• As soon as possible after an incapacitating agent has been used, medical staff shall be advised
• Medical staff shall provide any appropriate medical care to inmates who have been exposed to an incapacitating agent
• All inmates who have been exposed to the incapacitating agent shall be provided with a change of clothing
Presenter
Medical Attention and Clean-Up
• Exposed living quarters shall have bedding and mattresses changed and shall be thoroughly cleaned
• Exposed inmates shall be offered an opportunity to shower
Presenter
Delivery Systems
AEROSOLS, GRENADES, FOGGERS, PROJECTILES
Mark 3 & 4 AEROSOLS
Standard MK 3 & 4
• Verify the contents by reading the label • Deployed in an arch from a 10:00 to
2:00 position ( 2:00 to 10:00 may be more natural if left handed)
CROSSFIRE MK 3 & 4
• Verify the contents by reading the label • May be deployed upside down
(THIS IS A TACTICAL DEPLOYMENT)
Mark 4 Nomenclature
Mark 3 Mark 4
MK 9
• Remove the safety pin • Two handed hold, one hand grips the body of
the canister while the other grips the handle • Pressure is applied directly downwards on the
center of the actuator / trigger
Mark 9 Valve Assembly
•Minimum – 6 feet
•Maximum – 25 feet
OPERATIONS
• Use one second application on target area. • Never discharge into the wind. • STREAMERS, GEL and FOAM: Spray directly
into the facial area. Ensuring coverage of the target area (eyes, forehead and brow) - secondary is nose and mouth.
• FOGGERS / VAPOR: Spray over the head of the subject, allow agent to disseminate down.
• Use only the amount reasonably necessary to achieve the desired effect.
Mark 3, 4, & Mark 9
Target Zones
Streamers and Gel : Target Zone: Side to Side at the Eye and
Facial Area
• Greater distance from target • Works in a variety of climates • Must be accurate to be effective • Highest possibility of injury to eye
Streamers and Gel:
Side to Side
the Subject
• Disseminates (falls) down onto the subject. •Covers more of the target area • Better for multiple threats • Smallest aerosol particulates
Fogger or Vapor
the Eye and Facial area
• Shortest range of aerosol • Greatly effected by weather • Reduces respiratory effect then • Specially designed for indoor use
Foam Circular/Spiral
Target Zone:
OPERATIONS
• Use one second bursts. • Never discharge into the wind. • STREAMERS and FOAM: Spray directly into the
facial area assuring coverage of the eye zone (eyes, forehead and brow) - secondary is nose and mouth.
• FOGGERS and VAPOR: Spray over the head of the subject, allow agent to disseminate down.
• Use only the amount reasonably necessary to achieve the desired effect.
Mark 3, 4 & Mark 9
Correct
Correct
2. Button Safety Snap
– Evaluate: • Is it justifiable? • Is it Desirable? • Should I Disengage and/or Escalate?
– Verbalize • Provide Firm Clear direction to inmate- If time
permits – Alarm
Method of Deployment
1. Spray the subject – 1 second burst. Determine if the subject is contaminated. If not- Spray the subject again if appropriate.
2. Give Firm - Clear Direction: – STAY BACK! – GET BACK! – Get on the Ground! – Go Back to your Cell!
Method of Deployment
3. Evaluate their response – repeat steps 1 – 3 if required. Disengage and/or Escalate. Combine with Active- Countermeasures if appropriate.
Method of Deployment
4. Control subject – avoid pressure / weight on their back. (to avoid positional asphyxia).
5. Restrain subject if appropriate or when safe to do so.
Method of Deployment
GET DOWN ON THE GROUND HEAVY CONTROL TALK
PUT YOUR HANDS OUT TO YOUR SIDE LIGHT CONTROL TALK - IF APPROPRIATE
PALMS UP PERSSUATION - IF APPROPRIATE
DON’T MOVE PERSSUATION, STABILIZATION COMMANDS. IF APPROPRIATE
SURRENDER RITUAL
Assessment)– start decontamination when appropriate.
• Talk to subject- Assure them they will be ok
• Monitor subject & their behavior (Until relieved or the incident has been managed)
• Check on them periodically
• Creates “Pauses in Combat.”
• Mental fogging • Psychological Distress
• It is important to note that NOT all people will have a response to Agents.
• ALWAYS have a back up plan.
Reminder
Standard SABRE Units should be deployed in a 10 to 2 position.
(2 to 10 May be more natural if Left handed)
Reminder
SABRE Crossfire Units can be discharged in an upside down position
(This is a tactical deployment)
DOCUMENTATION
• INCIDENT REPORT: – As soon as possible following use OC, immediately
notify a Supervisor and an incident report shall be submitted. The Incident report shall be as thorough as possible, describing:
A. The problem leading to the use of the Tactics/Tools; B. The steps taken prior to the use of the Tactics/Tools; C. Why those steps were inadequate; and D. Measures taken following the use of the Tactics/Tools.
AVON Tactical Gas Mask
Lens
Canister
Formulation: 10% OC, 2,000,000 SHU, 1.33% Major Capsaicinoids Level: 3 Propellant: Nitrogen Models:
STREAM HIGH VOLUME STREAMER
MK4 52H2030 MK9 92H2060
SABRE CROSSFIRE-INERT SHOWING BLADDER
Formulation: 10% OC, 2,000,000 SHU, 1.33% Major Capsaicinoids Level: 3 Propellant: 134 a/P (Pharmaceutical Only) and Nitrogen Models:
STREAM FOGGER MK4 520030 MK9 920060-C
SABRE Red (5200) DPS Series
Formulation: 1% CS TEAR GAS, 2,000,000 SHU, .13% Major Capsaicinoids
Level: 3 Propellant: 134 a/P (Pharmaceutical Only) and Nitrogen Models:
FOGGER MK9 930060-C
A BRIEF OVERVIEW
• This next portion is designed to FAMILIARIZE you with other systems and products available to the Department of Corrections.
• Only Trained Staff may handle or deploy these weapons and systems.
• This is NOT a training session, Only a familiarization.
X-26 TASER • An electroshock weapon that uses
electrical current to disrupt voluntary control of muscles. (Neuromuscular Incapacitation)
ICE SHIELD • Constructed of ¼"
polycarbonate Lexan® • Features nine sparking
display points on the front to provide a visible deterrent.
• The power shield can be used as a traditional riot shield, or the operator can simply push a switch on the shield’s handles to activate a non-lethal, immobilizing shock on contact
Combined Tactical Systems, Inc.
54 Series Flameless Expulsion Grenades
• Upon function of the fuse, the devices chemical payload is pushed out with the help of CO² resulting in a visible cloud of chemical agent into the room.
• There are three choices of composition available: CS and OC, as well as inert powder for training and tactical purposes.
52 Series Pyrotechnic Smoke
• These canister type grenades provide a continuous discharge of smoke under pressure.
• Discharge Agents and Smoke through four angled top ports and a single bottom port.
• For outdoor use only. Potential fire hazard
7200 Flash-Bang
• Loud Explosion: 175 db
• Produces an Bright Flash and Loud Bang.
• Energy is released radially and equally through top and base ports
This grenade contains a flash charge which produces a Bright Flash and Loud Bang. At the same time, the blast propels Rubber Balls in a circular 360° pattern. The Sting-Ball™ is also available with irritant powder additives in CS and OC. This grenade is an excellent tool for a variety of tactical applications.
92 Series Sting-Ball™ Grenades
37mm Pyrotechnic Smoke Cartridges
• Come in both long and short range rounds, as well as multiple projectile versions
• Available in OC, CS and Inert White Smoke for screening and training purposes.
• Multiple projectile models contain three or five projectiles.
37mm Sting Ball™ Rounds • The 37mm Sting Ball™
rubber pellet cartridge is designed to be skip fired in situations where collateral damage and serious injury to innocent bystanders is to be avoided
37/38 mm Gas Gun
37/38 mm Gas Gun
on rear leaf.......75 yards (68.6 meters)
100 yards (91.4 meters) (Fixed front sight & rear leaf sight with 50, 75, & 100 yard increments)
Protective Cap
Gross weight..............................20 pounds
Contents.....................................agent combined with pressurized CO2
Accurate range..........................15-20 yards
Average repeat capability........15-20 one-second bursts
Evaporated solution contains floating-in-air particles
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Consideration must be given to wind conditions outside, to cross contamination inside.
Protectojet Model M-5
• Hip pad should be between the system and the user
• Remove protective cap and safety pin
• Firmly grasp the holding handle and firing handle
• Hold barrel upwards 10-15 degrees from horizontal
• Move firing handle towards your body at 90 degrees
• To stop firing, return handle to original position
Holding the M-5 Protecto Jet
• Strong ‘Weaver’ stance
• Lean forward to adjust to thrust backwards from the Jet.
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LESSON PLAN COVER SHEET
COURSE CODE:
INSTRUCTOR(S): Captain Tony Torgrimsen
COORDINATOR: Captain Tony Torgrimsen
TOTAL TIME: 4 Hours
TARGET POPULATION Pre-Service Trainees
NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: 50
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
1. At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable of DAI 306.07.01 Use of Force. 2. At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable of DAI 306.07.03 Use of Force-DOC Approved
Commercially Manufactured Tools 3. At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable of DAI 306.08.01 Firearms and Incapacitating Agents
Training
4. At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable of DAI 306.09.01 OC Carry
5. At the end of the course students will demonstrate knowledge and practical application of manufactures instructions.
6. At the end of the course students will be knowledgeable of authorized incapacitating agents effects, delivery systems, decontamination, and first aide.
7. At the end of the course students will demonstrate an understanding of the effects of OC and CS through practical exposure to each, and demonstrate techniques in working through the effects of each.
8. At the end of the course students will demonstrate a familiarization of DOC approved intermediate weapons.
EVALUATION PROCEDURES
1. Competency based through performance evaluations 2. Practical exercises 3. Instructors will evaluate student’s performance in hands on techniques during the course.
METHODS
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EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES NEEDED
1. Power Point system 2. Sample of each type of incapacitating agent delivery system 3. Sample of related intermediate weapon systems
FOR RANGE ONLY:
1. Supply of live or inert OC and CS Incapacitating agents for the number of students present to demonstrate proficiency in use.
2. Supply of live OC and CS Incapacitating agents for practical exposure of all students present. 3. Sample of other appropriate intermediate weapon systems.
STUDENT MATERIALS (HANDOUTS)
1. DAI Policy 306.07.01 Use of Force (Restricted)
2. DAI Policy 306.07.03 Use of Force – DOC Approved Commercially Manufactured Tools
3. DAI Policy 306.08.01 Firearms and Incapacitating Agents Training
4. DAI Policy 306.09.01 OC Carry
5. Incapacitating Agent User Training Power Point Study Guide
INSTRUCTOR MATERIALS
2. DAI Policy 306.07.01
3. DAI Policy 306.07.03
4. DAI Policy 306.08.01
5. DAI Policy 306.09.01
REFERENCE MATERIALS
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS Division of Management Services DOC-544A (Rev. 4/01)
WISCONSIN
Lesson Title Firearms & Incapaciting Agents Instructors Training Initial
Presentation Guide Notes to Trainer I. Introduction A. Class Objectives II. Review Administrative Codes A. DOC 306.07, Use of Force B. DOC 306.09, Use of incapacitating Agents III. Review Security Internal Management Procedures A. Use of Force IV. Safety DAILY SAFETY BRIEFING- DESIGNATED SAFETY OFFICER A. Range Safety V. INCAPACITATING AGENTS
A. Review DOC 306, Use of Incapacitating agents
B. Types of Incapacitating Agents 1. CS- Chlorobenzal-Melonitrile
a) Developed around 1950 as a medium type application between CN & DM (Adamsite) which is no longer in use. Causes intense irritation of all moist skin areas (mouth/ nose/ sinuses) CS Causes extreme temporary discomfort tends to give off an odor of pepper. Can be dispersed via streamers/ foggers/ grenade/projectiles.
2. O.C.- Oleoresin-Capsicum
Review & discuss DAI 306.07.01 Review & discuss DAI Policy 306.08.01 Review and discuss DOC 306.09 Read and Discuss 1) Also known as "Tear Gas" 2) Also known as "Pepper Spray"
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a) A naturally occurring agent that is a derivative of the cayenne pepper. O.C. can cause inflammation of the mucous membrane and upper respiratory system, which manifests itself, burning & closing of eyes. Can be dispersed via streamers/foggers/projectiles. Target area suspended cloud allows in for dissent.
C. Physical Effects of Incapacitating Agents 1. Burning / Stinging Sensation 2. Closing of Eyes 3. Tearing 4. Respiration Effects 5. Panic 6. Irritation
D. Incapacitating Agent Dispersal
E. Delivery systems
F. Main hazards in using incapacitating Agents
1. Fire 2. Injury 3. Contamination
G. Physical and Psychological Effects of OC: 1. Hands covering face and eyes 2. Involuntary extension of hands to block face area 3. Extending arms outward towards officer 4. Turning head away from officer 5. Vigorously shaking head 6. Closing eyes 7. Looking down 8. Holding breathe 9. Running to or away from officer 10. Running to areas a common person would not go
H. Decontamination
1. Inmate a) As soon as possible, offer / provide medical attention b) Move to a clear environment c) Offer inmate a Shower
C) Review & Compare Effects D) Explain each dispersion type E) Review Delivery Systems G) Affect individual’s differently 1) Follow Code, DAI Policy and manufacturer directions
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d) Flush eyes with water or solution if appropriate (Medical Staff Only) e) Remove / replace contaminated clothing and bedding f) Clean cell g) Follow Manufacturer’s Specifications
2. Facility
a) Ventilate Area b) Removal of all items/ Food etc. c) Wet vacuum area d) Flush area e) Follow manufacturer’s specifications
I. Specific Delivery Systems 1. Aerosol Streamers:
a) MK 3 (1) available in OC. (2) Effective range:
(a) Minimum of 3 feet (b) Maximum effective 10 – 12 feet
(3) Target area: eye, nose, mouth (4) Nomenclature
b) MK 9 (1) Available in : CS, OC, CS/OC Blend & OC Vapor (2) Effective range:
(a) Minimum of 6 feet (b) Maximum of approx 12 feet
(3) Target area: facial area (4) Nomenclature
2. Foggers: a) MK 9
(1) Available in CS, OC, and the Blend (2) Effective range:
(a) Minimum of 6 feet (b) Maximum of 25 feet
(3) Target area: above head, allow to disseminate to subject
b) M-5 Protecto Jet (1) Available in CS & OC (2) Effective range:
(a) Minimum of 6 feet (b) Maximum of 60 feet
(3) Target area: above head, allow to
2) Follow Code, DAI Policy and manufacturer directions 1) The ballistic stream has the highest probability of eye injury, so it is recommended that the spray distance is no less than 36”. Effective range is three to twelve feet. Possible eye injuries that can be incurred if improperly used are; torn or ripped Scalar, Cornea abrasion, bruised pupil or torn Retina. 3) Facial Area 4) Refer to power point 4) Refer to power point b) Demonstrate operation, ensure protective cap is used. Grip unit tightly due to recoil **Psychological Control: Presence of weapon
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disseminate to subject (4) Barrel needs to be held at 10 to 15 degree angle above horizontal
J. Utilization within the Intervention Options Criterion:
1. To prevent death or bodily injury to oneself or another 2. To prevent unlawful damage to property 3. To regain control of an institution or part of an Institution 4. To prevent escape of an inmate 5. To apprehend an inmate who has escaped 6. To change the location of an inmate 7. To control a disruptive inmate 8. To enforce a DOC rule, a posted policy or procedure or an order of staff member
K. Questions to ask yourself 1. Is assault possible?
a) What early behavioral signs? b) What’s the inmates’ tone of language/profanity, verbal threats? Body language?
2. Is assault imminent? a) Inmates’ physical action/combativeness, hand gestures? b) Is it common area (recreation, dining, etc.) with large groups of inmates’?
B. Gripping Methods for Deployment: 1. MK 3 2. MK 9
C. Discharging the Aerosol Units
1. Pressure is applied directly downwards on the center of the actuator. 2. Thumb position is centered, not to the front or rear of the actuator. 3. Ensures the unit is held between 10-2 O’clock 4. Spray the inmate –1 one second burst, evaluate the inmate’s response- spray the inmate with another 1 one second burst- or it is determined that the inmate is contaminated or that the OC is ineffective. Be prepared to Disengage and/or escalate if necessary. 5. Evaluate their response, if required disengage and/or escalate 6. Surrender ritual
B) Refer to power point
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7. Emergency ground stabilization and restraining techniques. 8. Remove from area.
D. Gas Mask
1. No. 68 Tactical Gas Mask a) Nomenclature b) Donning the Mask c) Filters
(1) 1 filter for training (2) 1 filter (kept sealed) for live deployment
E. Environmental Factors:
1. Wind and rain effects accuracy, contaminates larger group forces aerosol downward. 2. Fans/ventilation/doorways bring aerosols into buildings and away from target area, cause a larger concern and redirects wind without warning. 3. Heat and humidity heightens effects of agent, greater respiratory effects and lengthens contamination. 4. Cold and snow effects accuracy contaminates larger group, forces aerosol downwards, prolongs effects because of closed pores and can cause a malfunction.
F. RANGE TRAINING: Student I/A Contamination
A. Review of Incapacitating agents B. Review of delivery systems C. Review of effects D. Review of first aid E. Review of decontamination F. Exposure will be as minimal as possible
with the intent to foster learning of OC effects and emphasize the importance of verbalization skills by the user, NOT TO INCAPACITATE THE STUDENT.
1. OC exposure with MK-IX 2. CS exposure with MK-IX D. Wellness check Evaluations
1 DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS Division of Management Services DOC-544A (Rev. 4/01)
WISCONSIN
LESSON PLAN Lesson Title ABT - Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray Training October 2016
Presentation Guide Notes to Trainer
Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray Introduction: Welcome to O.C. (Oleoresin Capsicum) Spray training. The intent of this training is to provide you guidance and direction in the use of Incapacitating Agents, and the DCC Administrative Directive #16-04 Use of Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Aerosol Spray. It is important that you understand the policies around OC use, storage, and carrying and using OC products in the use of your official duties. In addition to DCC AD #16-04, we will also cover:
• ERCM standards • DCC Transports Administrative Directive • DOC-2346 OC Spray Control/Storage Place • DOC-2776 Receipt of Exposure to Oleoresin Capsicum Aerosol Spray
Disclaimer • Application, effects and decontamination of O.C. • Exposure to O.C. • DCC AD #16-05 Transports
As a DCC Probation and Parole Agent/DCC Transport Sergeant or DCC Corrections Field Supervisor, you are mandated to competently complete all aspects of the O.C. training to include a onetime exposure.
DCC AD #16-04 DOC-2776 Receipt of Exposure to Oleoresin Capsicum Aerosol Spray Disclaimer
Presentation: The ECRM OC policy is that in all instances, de-escalation should be attempted prior to use of OC. The policy in the ECRM also states that:
1) OC is not to be used as punishment or to facilitate offender movement. 2) Users of OC must have completed a POSC/Intervention Options
training, which includes personal exposure to OC and decontamination procedures.
3) Only DOC approved products and delivery systems will be approved for employment related use.
4) OC products must be used and stored according to the DOC policy and the manufacturer's instructions.
5) After the workday, OC products must be stored in a locked and secured area.
6) Medical attention must be provided immediately after exposure, once the area is secured.
7) Documentation will be required following any use of OC spray.
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Let’s look at each of the statements in the OC Policy a bit closer now. 1. OC is not to be used as punishment or to facilitate offender movement. The ECRM states that: Field staff in DCC may direct the use of OC spray toward an offender, a third person, or animal only when acting in self-defense or defense of a third person. OC use is not authorized because an offender refuses to follow orders or for the purpose of causing bodily harm or discomfort. In all instances, de-escalation should be attempted prior to use of OC.
Make sure that trainees understand that they cannot use OC spray to facilitate movement or to punish an offender. Also- make sure they understand that they must always try to de- escalate situation first. **Refer class back to DCC AD #16-04
2. Users of OC must have completed a POSC/Intervention Options training, which includes personal exposure to OC and decontamination procedures. The ECRM talks about training of OC spray. It says: Authorized training for field staff in DCC will be according to the Wisconsin Department of Justice Minimum Instructional Standards-OC Aerosol Basic Training Program. Prerequisites include completion of POSC/Intervention Options training. All field staff in DCC authorized to use OC must be recertified for continued use annually. DCC Administrative Directive #16-04 also talks about training. Please look at the AD now. Who will read the section about training under: Procedure? 1. “Training programs by DOC certified instructors will include review of
appropriate ECRM sections, DCC OC aerosol spray policy and procedures; DCC Use of force policy; verbalization and de-escalation skills; simulation training and a one-time exposure to OC spray.
2. A mandatory one-time exposure of OC product is required for certification as an OC user. If an individual was exposed in any other DOC approved OC training, they may not have to be re-exposed. Employees will be required to sign the DOC-2276.
3. Undated training for all staff will be mandatory during each consecutive calendar year without re-exposure.
Have trainees pull out DCC AD #16-04
3. Only DOC approved products and delivery systems will be approved for employment related use.
The ECRM states that approved products for field staff in DCC include foam or stream delivery only. No larger than 2-ounce aerosol delivery systems with belt cases will be approved. DCC employees will not carry OC products on key rings or key chains. The propellant used must be nonflammable, and percentage of OC will be within the 5% to 10% range.
4. OC products must be used and stored according to the DOC policy and the manufacturer's instructions.
5. After the workday, OC products must be stored in a locked and secured area.
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Prior to issuance of individually assigned OC spray, certified staff shall sign the OC Spray Control/Storage Plan (DOC-2436). Let’s look at that form now. It is pretty self-explanatory, don’t you think?
Refer to the DOC-2435 in their packet, if applicable.
6. Medical attention must be provided immediately after exposure, once the area is secured.
Who will look at DCC AD #16-04 again and read the paragraph on Decontamination/medical treatment? Decontamination should be provided to exposed persons to the level of the employee’s training as soon as it is reasonably safe to do so. Staff shall follow OC spray manufacturer recommendations for decontamination. If further emergency medical attention is needed, contact 911 for assistance.
7. Documentation will be required following any use of OC spray. The ECRM tells us that if OC spray is used, we must follow these reporting requirements: If force is used, the agent or other involved staff shall prepare a Wisconsin Integrated Corrections System (WICS) Incident Report and complete Section A of the DCC Use of Force Report (DOC-1960B) form within 1 working day of incident and forward it to the Field Supervisor. The Field Supervisor will review and complete the WICS Incident Report and complete Section B of the DCC Use of Force Report (DOC-1960B) and forward to the Regional Chief/Designee within three working days of incident. The Regional Chief/designee will review and complete the WICS Incident Report and complete Section C of the Use of Force Report (DOC-1960B) and forward to the POSC Staff Development Specialist/Use of Force Committee within 5 working days of receipt. The POSC Staff Development Specialist/Use of Force Committee will review the WICS Incident Report and complete Section D of the Use of Force Report (DOC-1960B) within 10 working days of receipt and forward to the Administrator/designee and the Regional Chief/designee. The Administrator/designee shall review the completed reports and take appropriate action, if necessary, and advise the Regional Chief/designee on any and all recommendations submitted by the POSC Staff Development Specialist/Use of Force Committee. After apprehension, the offender and staff should be checked for injury and treated by a physician if necessary. If injury resulted, a WICS Incident Report will be completed detailing the cause and extent of the injury and the treatment provided. The employee must be placed on office duty pending assessment of the incident. Our DCC AD #16-04 also talks about notification and reporting.
Show DOC-1960B Have trainees pull out DCC AD #16-04
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We will now look at DCC AD #16-05 on Transports This policy went into effect on May 1st, 2016. Let’s go through it together and make sure that we all understand:
• The general procedures for all transports • Secure Transports of Offenders • Non-secure Transports of Offenders • Alternative to Revocation (ATR) Transports • Out of State Transports • Transportation of Third Parties
Have trainees pull out DCC AD #16-05
Now let’s look at the use of Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Aerosol Spray as it relates to POSC. Oleoresin Capsicum, generally known as “OC” or “pepper spray” is another tactic within the DOC Force Option continuum for DCC staff in defense. We have already talked about the fact that the use of OC does not replace your requirement to attempt to obtain compliance by a lesser means of force. You must use the verbalization skills learned in the Professional Communications skills training. Your actual use of OC depends on the same tactical evaluation factors, which govern your decision to use any other force option in the DOC Force Option Continuum. Those factors include:
• Threat Assessment Opportunities • DCC staff(s) / subject(s) factors • Special Circumstances
Incapacitating agents may not be used for punishment, retribution, to facilitate offender movement if an offender refuses to follow orders of for purposes of causing bodily harm or discomfort to the offender.
The use of OC does not replace the requirement of attempting to obtain compliance by the use of verbalization skill.
Overview Of OC So, what is Oleoresin Capsicum or OC? It is an inflammatory agent composed of a mixture of an oily resin and an essential oil naturally occurring in various plants, combined with varieties of red pepper. It is generally prepared in aerosol form, in various concentration levels or solutions, such as 5% or 10% solution. These aerosols are sold under a variety of brand names. It is the responsibility of the Regional Chief or designee to coordinate the purchase and issuance of OC products to be used by certified staff.
OC does not affect everyone the same way, and in fact does not have much
effect on some people. However, most people who are sprayed experience such discomfort that their ability to resist is reduced to the point that they are more easily controlled.
When used properly, OC generally has a variety of physical effects on a person who has been sprayed. These may include the following: • The eyes will open and close in rapid fashion or close completely. The
pain may be extreme. Vision may be affected.
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• The skin of the face may feel hot – more so if the person is perspiring or has a fair complexion. The mucous membranes in the nose, lips, and mouth may also swell.
• Areas around the eyes, nose and mouth will usually remain red for a longer period.
• If the subject inhales OC, the respiratory system may become inflamed, causing coughing, gagging and gasping for breath. Breathing typically becomes labored.
Other Common Effects of Being Sprayed with OC may include: 1. Hands go directly to the face, dropping whatever is in the hands 2. Upper body bends forward 3. Subject shakes uncontrollably 4. Legs become weak. Subject gropes around for the ground or the floor 5. Subject goes to his/her knees for stability 6. Subject cannot easily hear what the Agent is saying. 7. Muscles in the body become rigid 8. The subject may not respond to commands 9. The subject may panic and run.
Typically pain in the eyes and face and gasping for air typically produces an involuntary response, which indirectly addresses the most basic fears of blindness and suffocation. The panic causes confusion and disorientation. Subjects with heart problems, asthma, emphysema and/or other illnesses who have been sprayed had no lasting after-effects. OC is an effective tool when used to accomplish the purpose for which it is used because OC:
1. Produces rapid physiological actions 2. Produces desired effects in low concentrations 3. Permits rapid recovery without lasting effects 4. Is an inflammatory and therefore is not possible for a person to build up
immunity.
This is known as “Auditory Exclusion” Something you may need to deal with during your training of an agent. Another safety factor to take into account during your training of new agents. Prepare them mentally for this effect and be prepared to take control if necessary. At this point instructors may share personal experiences as to their own reactions to being sprayed.
DELIVERY SYSTEMS There are essentially four types of dispersion or projection systems of OC used by law enforcement. There are advantages and concerns with each:
1. Mist – Type Dispersion: This type disperses spray widely and affects a large area so there is a good potential of secondary exposure to people whom you do not necessarily wish or intend to be affected. Secondary exposure is also called “residual effect.” This type of dispersion is most subject to wind effects.
2. Fog / Burst - Type Dispersion: This type also has a residual effect, secondary exposure. At close range, this type also produces a lot of force (“burst force”), meaning that a great amount of OC material is expelled, thus quickly emptying the canister. This type of dispersion is also subject to wind effects.
Remember that according to the ERCM, DCC field staff will use foam or stream delivery only. No larger than 2-ounce aerosol delivery systems with belt cases will be approved. DCC employees will not carry OC products on key rings or key chains. The propellant used must be nonflammable, and percentage of OC will be within the 5% to 10% range.
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3. Foam: This type has minimum risk of secondary exposure and contamination of area. At close range, this type produces a foaming action upon delivery and exposure is confined to contact with the foam/OC product. This type of dispersion has an effective range of up to 15 feet.
4. Streamer: This type has limited residual effect, but does have a “wash – out” effect, meaning that because the OC material is sprayed in a direct stream much of the product runs out of the eye as quickly as it goes in. This type of dispersion is less subject to wind effects than either of the two other types.
You should know which type of dispersion your OC unit uses (foam or streamer) so that you are aware of the possible drawbacks or concerns. OC- ISSUES, CARE AND STORAGE: The training, issuance, care, storage, use, debriefing and record keeping of OC Aerosol products for DCC staff is governed by the DOC, DCC Oleoresin Capsicum Aerosol Policy and Procedure. Prior to issuance all staff certified to carry OC shall sign the OC Spray Control/Storage Plan DOC-2436 OC Spray Control/Storage Plan The manufacturer’s instructions for OC must be followed. The Corrections Field Supervisor shall arrange with local law enforcement to properly dispose of expended, damaged, or otherwise inoperable canisters. OC that is not being carried by a person shall be stored in a secured area. Certified OC instructors may examine OC products at annual update
training.
HOW TO USE OC 1. Use verbalization skills to get the subject to cease resistance. Use verbal
warnings and verbal stuns as necessary. 2. Place your hand on the OC unit without actually drawing it. 3. If the subject does not cease resisting, draw the unit. 4. If another DCC staff/Agents and/or staff are present, warn them of
possible impending use of the OC by shouting “SPRAY!” 5. If the subject does not cease resistance:
A) Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application. 1) Use with one-second bursts 2) Always consider wind direction when targeting to avoid
blow back. 3) Spray directly into the subject’s face; aiming for (1) the
eyes, (2) the nose or mouth. 4) Usage at distances less than three feet may cause injury
to soft body tissue. 5) Extreme caution must be exercised in dangerous
situations where user is under violent attack. No aerosol is 100% effective thus user should be cautioned to employ other available means to fight off attack or retreat to a point of safety.
As with any application of any force option, cease the use of OC when the subject’s level of resistance decreases to the point that you can safely control him or her.
Review Verbalization Skills. Review manufacturer’s instructions that come with issued unit.
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If the OC is ineffective, cease its use, disengage and/or escalate.
DRAWING TECHNIQUES You should have your OC unit in your hand prior to approaching a potential aggressor – a subject on whom you may need to use the spray. There are two basic drawing techniques:
1. Strong Side Draw: If you carry the OC unit on your strong side, simply use your strong side hand to draw the unit.
2. Reaction Side Draw: If you carry the OC unit on your reaction side, then: A. Draw the unit with your reaction side hand B. Transfer it immediately to your strong side hand.
While drawing the OC unit and preparing to use it, you should be in a proper defensive stance.
Review and demonstrate only at this time. Prior to exposure students will practice techniques using inert units.
SPRAYING TECHNIQUES Once you have drawn the OC unit, it should be in your strong hand at the mid- line of your body, either:
1. At your belt level, between your body and your reaction side hand with your thumb on the actuator/trigger; or
2. At your eye level, with the unit between your face and your reaction side hand with the thumb or your index on the actuator/trigger.
The correct grips are either :
1. when the index finger is on the actuator/trigger and the unit (with or without the holster is held with three (3) fingers and the thumb; or
2. When the thumb is on the actuator/trigger and the unit (with or without the holster) is held with four (4) fingers.
The following are examples of proper DCC staff, Agent, or staff response:
1. Side to side spray – effective for multiple subjects. 2. Defensive push and spray. 3. Defensive push, draw and spray
When spraying a subject, remember to maintain a proper defensive stance. After use of each spraying technique, move to a different location!
Review that staff should be aware of wind direction and wind currents when spraying. Especially during class participation and exposure. Be very careful to insure any residual spray will not have any effect of non-class participants or onlookers.
TACTICS IF FACED WITH OC BY A SUBJECT As a DCC staff member, you may be faced with a subject who is threatening to use OC or another aerosol spray against you. In such a case, you have a variety of tactical options for proper defensive action. As in any use of force situation, you may either disengage and/or escalate, using standard techniques, if dictated by circumstances.
Describe possible OC applications in a variety of specific dynamic situations/scenarios and ground situations.
DISENGAGEMENT When faced with a subject using any aerosol spray against you, specific avoidance tactics and disengagement options should be used.
1. The specific avoidance tactics include: A. Protecting your eyes by: 1. Closing them
These techniques are not specifically to be taught during training, but are included for reference purposes.
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2. Turning your head 3. Using your hands or an object to re-direct or block the spray 4. Protecting your lungs by holding your breath.
2. The disengagement options include:
A. Avoidance should be used whenever possible B. Attempt to maintain and/or create distance C. Attempt to diffuse the situation with verbalization skills.
Use obstacles to create distance Follow-Thru after use of OC Following an incident in which you have had to spray a subject with OC, it is critically important to initiate follow-thru procedures to ensure proper care of a subject who has been sprayed and to ensure against further danger. Follow-Thru per the DOC/DCC policy and Procedure relating to Oleoresin Capsicum Use is required. It is very important to monitor a subject who has been sprayed and take care of him/her.
1. Most problems which occur in an incident involving use of OC happen as a result of improper or inadequate follow-thru, rather than as a result of the spraying per se.
2. Remember that being sprayed with OC is generally a terrifying, panicky and uncomfortable experience for a person. He/she may experience severe problems with seeing and breathing.
3. You should be familiar with specific after – use guidelines recommended for the particular OC product, which you are using. Read and be familiar with the “material safety data sheet” and the “first aid information” that is provided with the product used.
4. Even though OC may be safe, the carrier or propellant may require special safety precautions and first aid for the subject.
Here are some general after-use guidelines:
1. After spraying a subject or subjects, allow the OC agent to settle for (5 to 10 seconds) and issue appropriate verbal commands to the subject. Stabilize the scene and the subject(s), including handcuffing if appropriate.
2. Ask the subject if he/she is wearing contact lenses – Do not allow the subject to remove them if they are in custody, rather seek medical attention.
3. Monitor the subject and verbally reassure him/her that he/she is safe and will feel okay after a while. Try to help the subject calm down and try to breathe normally.
A. Speak in a calm, reassuring tone of voice. B. Tell the subject that the effects of OC will wear off within 30 to
45 minutes. 4. Remember: the person may be very upset with either anger or panic
feelings because he/she cannot see or breathe properly and cannot get instant relief.
5. Encourage the subject to open his/her eyes and blink to stimulate a tearing effect, which will help alleviate the effects of the OC.
6. If possible, move the subject to fresh air and face him/her into the wind.
Note: These follow-thru procedures must be a practical exercise. Each student is to practice the proper verbalization skill. Note: Concerning contacts – if a subject has been resistive and presented a situation where you have been justified in using OC, they should be stabilized (in handcuffs/restraints) and the area should be secured from further threat prior to medical attention being provided. Once they are cuffed, do not remove the cuffs to allow the subject to remove their contact lenses. Seek medical attention. Additional cautions concerning contact lenses: If you have been sprayed, seek medical attention to have your contacts removed. Some products used by law enforcement may have more serious reactions with the contacts and may cause them to become bonded to the eye. Note: Make sure any soap used does not contain oil or lotions. Be prepared for “secondary exposure to other areas of the body”.
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7. Allow the subject to rinse the OC from his/her face with cool running water – preferably from a running tap or hose, since dipping into standing water will contaminate that water and will only result in re-exposure to the inflammatory substance. Do Not allow the subject to rub his/her eyes or remove contact lenses
8. Ice may be applied if burning persists. 9. Using soap and water will remove the resin from the skin, which will
assist in the recovery process. 10. Also avoid use of salves, creams or lotions. The products containing oils
will trap the inflammatory OC against the skin. 11. If the subject is wet with OC, dry him/her before transporting. This will
only take a few minutes and should be accomplished before the subject is transported.
Get medical attention for a subject under any of the following circumstances:
1. If the subject so requests. 2. If symptoms (inability to see and/or breathe, etc.) do not visibly improve
after 45 minutes 3. If the subject is wearing contact lenses 4. If there are any other problems or reason to feel the medical attention is
needed. Animal Consideration & Use DOC, DCC staff may come into contact with animals in the performance of their duties. DOC, DCC staff are required to use verbalization skills and avoidance in dealing with these animals. Techniques for Avoiding Bites:
1. Disengage if possible 2. Recognize that any animal is a potential biter. 3. Don’t turn your back on the animal. 4. Don’t run.
Defense Against a Dog Attack
1. Disengage if possible. 2. Create a safe distance using obstacles. 3. Use verbalization skills. 4. If the animal is threatening to bite or has bitten:
A. Spray the OC aerosol per manufacture instructions B. Target areas are eyes, nose and mouth.
5. Disengage safely Contact local law enforcement.
Verbalization skill for animals are common commands such as: Sit Down Stay
Documentation: Following any incident involving use of force, you must write a detailed use of force report about the incident in order to capture the information for criminal or civil litigation and to serve as a memory prompter for future testimony. You should – in a clear and concise manner – detail the totality of circumstances that caused you to make the force level selection by which you gained or regained control.
Review Use of Force Report Writing.
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Exposure to OC Trainer will then advise students/staff on how the OC exposure and decontamination process will be carried out. There will be a safe area already identified by the lead instructor/AT where exposure will take place. Safety partners will already be pre-identified. The lead/AT instructor will then start the exposure 2 staff at a time. Once they are exposed, the staff will be led by their safety partner to the bag holder area. The staff will then need to deliver a 3 combination strike to the bag utilizing the proper verbalization skills. Then the safety partners will lead them to the decontamination area. Exposure will be with the intent to foster learning of OC effects and emphasize the importance of verbalization skills by the user, NOT TO INCAPACITATE THE STUDENT
Exposure by DOC, DCC instructors is required. Prior OC exposures outside of DOC Does not meet the minimum requirement to successfully complete this training program.
Summary/ Conclusion So, let’s review what we’ve done today. Today we have discussed The policies and procedures governing the use of OC within DCC. Administrative Directive #16-04 and #16-05. We have also talked about the Electronic Case Reference Manual (ECRM) and you have each demonstrated with beginning proficiency the ability to accurately draw and dispense OC spray at a specified target. You have experienced the effects of OC through exposure and assisted with the decontamination of one another. The successful completion of this course allows to carry OC while performing your duties as an employee of DCC. OC is only one tool on your belt. Don’t forget you have many other tools available to you. The most important one being your mouth. What you say and how you say it will many times determine what tool is necessary next. Thank you for your attention. Questions?
1 DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS Division of Management Services DOC-544A (Rev. 4/01)
WISCONSIN
Lesson Title 2018 DCC POSC 1- Day Training
Presentation Guide Notes to Trainer Introduction Good morning and welcome to your 2018 POSC, Principles of Subject Control training! (Introduce yourself) Let’s cover housekeeping issues first.
• Review Roster and Attendance • Questions = Staff Development Specialist Gary Drye at
Gary.Drye@wisconsin.gov. • Location of Emergency exits, First Aid Kit, gloves • Location of rest rooms, and logistics of location
This training is in place because there are inherent dangers associated with supervising offenders. POSC will provide you with tools and skill training to minimize risks to self and others when faced with potentially dangerous situations. Before I start, I would like to tell you a bit about myself and have the other POSC trainers introduce themselves.
o Print a Roster for sign in, o Have packets contaning:
o Training Safety Rules o First Responders
Philoshopy Questionaire o Disturbance Resolution
Model o Evaluation o Blank DOC-1960 o Well-written Incident
Report for exercise o Questions for Incident
Report Exercise o Handcuffing
o Have supply of gloves sm/med/lg/xlg
o Point out First Aid Kit o Whenever possible set the
classroom up in a “U” shape to better facilitate discussion/participation.
o Begin class @ 08:30hrs. o Briefly explain your qualifications o Introduce co-facilitators and allow
them to briefly address the group. o If anyone is uncomfortable being a
subject of a custody in role plays or scenario please speak to an trainer on break. **After this conversation, trainers should communicate with other trainers the subject’s concern, in private & outside of classroom.
Training Safety Rules I have given each of you a copy of the Training Safety Rules. Prior to allowing you to participate in the physical aspects of this training, I must collect a signed copy of these rules from each of you. Please print your name at the top of the page where instructed and follow along as I read
o Have each person in attendance a copy of the Training Safety Rules. Once everyone has a copy, read these rules to the group.
these rules aloud. If you have questions about a rule or don’t understand something, stop me and bring it to my attention. I will do what I can to clarify. (READ ALL RULES ALOUD) If you understand the rules, sign and date on the back where instructed. As stated in the Training Safety Rules there will be multiple wellness checks throughout the day. A wellness check is an opportunity for us as instructors to attempt to identify any physical issues that may arise throughout the day. Should you become injured during the training please do not suffer in silence. Bring your injury to the attention of an instructor immediately. This first wellness check is to identify any pre-existing injuries or limitations. I am going to ask each of you if you are physically ok to participate in today’s training with no limitations. Thumbs up means that you acknowledge you are fit to participate in all aspects of todays training. Thumbs down implies you have concerns about your ability to participate. Any person with thumbs down is required to meet with an instructor prior to participating in any of the physical portions of todays training. Okay, let’s do the wellness check now: Thumbs up to acknowledge you are fit to participate in all aspects of todays training. Thumbs down implies that you have concerns about your ability to participate.
o Collect signed Training Safety Rules from all in attendance. No one may participate in training without signing the Training Safety Rules.
Expectaions: Competency Based Training Today’s training is competency based. To achieve competency you must be able to perform a return demonstration of all skills/techniques as trained and complete the OC policy quiz. All techniques will be trained following a specific format of; Demonstration, Explanation, By the numbers and slow for form.
As per A.D. 12-05 POSC/IO Training Standards; If an existing employee participates in an annual POSC/InterventionOptions training and does not meet competency requirements, the employee will be allowed to repeat the training two times before the end of the current calendar year in an effort to meet competency requirements. If existing employee does not meet competency requirements after the third attempt, the employee will be scheduled for a 6 hour, individual tutoring session, with a certified DCC POSC Instructor in an effort to bring employee up to mandated compliance standards. If existing employee still does not meet competency requirements after the individual tutoring session with a DCC certified POSC Instructor, notice will be provided to the Administrator for further review. You will know if you have or have not achieved competency prior to leaving today. It is our goal as Instructors to see each of you achieve competency. All persons in attendance are expected to demonstrate an appropriate attitude and participate with all aspects of the training. Participation is not
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optional. Any persons failing to participate or demonstrating a poor or negative attitude will be asked to leave and will not be allowed to retake the training until after they have met with a Staff Development Specialist POSC Instructor and their Supervisor. No portion of today’s training may be retaken by itself. If for some reason you must leave training prior to the end of the day you will be required to retake the entire day.
Performance Objectives By the end of this training, you will be able to:
1. Identify the components of a properly worded Incident Report 2. Perform Passive Counter-Measure Techniques with beginning
proficiency 3. Perform Handcuffing techniques with beginning proficiency 4. Perform custody events with beginning proficiency
Trainee Introductions Now I would like to learn a little bit about you. What your name is, where you work and any expectations you may have for todays training.
o Begin participant introductions with someone in the front of the classroom and systematically work your way around the room allowing each person an opportunity to speak. Address their concerns as they are introduced.
POSC: Who remembers what it is? POSC is the acronym for Principles Of Subject Control. It is a system of verbalization skills coupled with physical alternatives. The POSC system incorporates physical control/stabilization or disengaging alternatives for those times when words alone will not suffice. In any conflict or crisis you are permitted to disengage and or escalate in order to take proper action. Proper staff action is a balance of safety and efficiency coupled with past practice, policy & procedure and staff training. In order for your actions to be justifiable they must be in compliance with the current DOC/DCC “Use of Force” policy.
The use of force policy reads: “Whenever feasible, field staff will rely on law enforcement authorities to exercise force against offenders. If law enforcement is not available, techniques learned in (POSC) Principles of Subject Control/Intervention Options training should be exercised. Prior to engaging in the use of force, staff must make a determination that the use of force is both justifiable and desirable as trained in POSC.” Whenever force is used all persons involved must complete incident reports in WICS (Wisconsin Intergrated Corrections System). One Use of Force Review form (DOC-1960B) per incident must be completed. As the DCC Use of Force Committee reviews each situation, a key part of their review is intended to identify areas in which training can be improved. There may be times when actual situations are reviewed in training. When discussing these situations, we will not identify the staff involved by name.
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If you were involved or know the individuals involved, please do not publicly identify those involved. Report Writing Skills: How to Use FRP & DRM Our focus this morning will be on building our report writing skills Using the First Responder Philosophy & Dristurbance Resolution Model. Let’s take a few minutes to review them now. The First Responders Philosophy outlines the proper way for correctional personnel to respond to emergency situations. First Responder Philosophy
o Arrive - Become aware of the emergency o Assess - Determine the type of emergency
• Disturbance • Fire • Medical • Miscellaneous
o Alarm - How did you summon help o Evaluate - Look for hidden dangers. o Enter
• Formulate a plan and enter when it is appropriate to do so. o Stabilize- The Subject(s) and the scene o Initial Medical Assessment
Determine Responsiveness Check for Obvious Signs of Life Perform a Body Check Treatment to your level of training Continue to monitor
o Long-Term Monitoring • Stay close and watch closely until the offender is turned
over to another entity or you are relieved by someone with higher authority.
o Communication • Communication is the effective sending and receiving of
information and should be occurring throughout the intervention. Begin by communicating inward out with those persons present and continuing with those that arrive (on a need to know basis).
o Documentation/Debriefing - WICS / 1960b
o Briefly review both First Resonder Philosophy and Disturbance Rosolution Model in preparation for report writing review.
Have a discussion about debriefing after an incident. What does this mean? What support do we have as staff? We have our Correction Field Supervisor, the custody team and Life Matters.
Disturbance Resolution Model (DMR) • Approach Considerations • Intervention Options • Follow-through Considerations
Approach Considerations is the first phase of Disturbance Resolution. In your initial approach to a correctional disturbance emergency, you need to do three things: •Decision Making: Make a contact decision •Tactical Deployment: Position yourself & others •Tactical Evaluation: Evaluate the threat level Decision Making When you are considering making contact with subjects involved in a
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disturbance, you must first answer two questions: 1. Is contact legally justified? Your authority is limited by your
position description. 2. Is contact desirable at this time? While you may be justified in
acting it may not be desirable. Proper staff action is a balance of safety and efficiency. You control the moment of impact! Always assess and plan prior to entering!
Correctional staff can initiate contact with offenders at any time to achieve a legitimate correctional objective. A correctional professional must, however, decide if a decision to make contact with a subject is reasonable and for a legitimate correctional purpose. If a correctional professional cannot justify the decision then their subsequent actions may be deemed inappropriate or even criminal. The second question—deciding whether contact with a subject is desirable. The answer depends upon the nature of each individual situation. Remember it is our policy to defer all aggression to law enforcement when feasible.
Remember that in an office setting certain factors may influence the need for application of physical force. For example,
• Is it possible to isolate the area in which a disturbance is taking place?
• Is it possible to resolve a situation through presence and dialogue rather than applying physical force to gain or regain control?
• Is it possible to wait out a situation, rather than intervening immediately.
• Is it feasible to resolve a situation through a show of force, rather than by the actual application of force?
• Is it possible to consult a supervisor before acting?
Tactical Deployment Tactical Deployment is the second step in Approach Considerations. Tactical deployment refers to how you position yourself and other staff to best achieve and maintain control in a disturbance and ensure staff and subject safety. Tactical Deployment consists of three components:
• control of distance • relative positioning • team tactics
Control of Distance – Control of distance, sometimes called proxemics, is important because your ability to control the distance between you and a subject affects your safety and that of others.
Unless suddenly assaulted, you control the moment of impact.
Relative positioning Another issue in tactical deployment is relative positioning, meaning the positioning of your body in relation to a subject or subjects. Relative positioning is described in terms of a system of five relative positions, each of which has particular advantages or disadvantages8. These six positions are 1. Inside- This should generally be avoided, because it makes an
individual person to vulnerable to attack by a subject.
Relative Positioning: It is very helpful to demonstrate relative positioning for the class. Having the visual is very useful for trainees. Ask for volunteers and have one
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2. Level 1 - Directly in front of the subject out of arms reach 3. Level 1 ½ - best for frontal approach to a subject 4. Level 2 - The subject usually repositions him/herself 5. Level 2 ½ - This is the best escort position. This is the cover agent
position during routine custody 6. Level 3 – Usually for emergency cuffing. This position is best for
decentralizing subjects.
I am going to demonstrate this for the class. I need some volunteers to do so. Team Tactics – The third component in tactical deployment in POSC is the use of team tactics, meaning planned responses involving two or more staff. The advantage of using team tactics is that it enhances staff safety and coordination.
person be an offender. He/she can sit in a chair. Other agents can assume the different levels.
Team tactics can be employed in many ways in response to disturbance emergencies. For example, two common methods are:
• Contact-cover • Bracketing
Contact-cover refers to using one staff member (the contact person) to make contact with the subject while the other (the cover person) provides cover both for himself or herself and the contact person. Bracketing is a variation of contact-cover, used in close quarters. The cover person takes a position at level 2½ with respect to the subject while the contact person is positioned at level 1.
Tactical Evaluation Tactical evaluation is the third component in Approach Considerations. Tactical evaluation involves your assessing potential hazards in the contact during a disturbance emergency. You then decide the proper action to ensure safety and security and to achieve and maintain control. Proper action requires you to: Remain alert, Be decisive and Have a pre-planned tactical response in mind
More specifically, your tactical evaluation should take into account four factors: 1. Threat Assessment Opportunities
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2. Staff/subject factors 3. Special circumstances 4. Level/stage/degree of stabilization Threat Assessment Opportunities Threat assessment opportunities include a variety of indicators you might notice during a contact that could allow you to predict that a subject is going to become assaultive. The better you can predict a possible assault, the better you can protect yourself. Five factors to consider as part of Threat Assessment Opportunities are:
• levels of resistance • early warning signs • pre-attack postures • indicators of emotional disturbance • weapon control
Staff/Subject factors Staff/subject factors refers how you “match up” to the subject or subjects in terms of number of participants and individual characteristics. The number of participants is clearly important. How many staff is there compared to the number of subjects? Naturally, if you are outnumbered, your perceived threat level will be higher than if staff members outnumber subjects. Individual characteristics refer to the relative capabilities of staff and subject. We consider four: relative ages, relative strength, relative size, and relative skill levels. You should consider these factors both individually and in combination. Special circumstances is the third component of Tactical Evaluation. It refers to a variety of circumstances that may affect your evaluation of threat in a given situation, and thus affect your decision as to proper action. Special circumstances include the following:
• Your reasonable perception of the threat. • Sudden assault. • Physical positioning. • Subject’s ability to escalate force rapidly. • Special knowledge about the subject. • Injury or exhaustion.
Level / Stage / Degree of Stabilization Intervention Options is the second phase of Disturbance Resolution. Intervention Options are divided into five modes. They are:
1. Presence: To present a visible display of authority Presence is especially important when taking offenders into custody. Having an adequate number of staff present and in position prior to the offender being brought into the custody staging area can often deter the offender from becoming resistive.
2. Dialogue: To verbally persuade. This is your most important skill in your tool box; the one that you will use the most. You are expected to use verbalization throughout your interactions with your offenders.
Disturbance Resolution Model (DMR)
• Approach Considerations • Intervention Options • Follow-through Considerations
Dialogue: The more emotional a situation is, the more difficult it will be for subjects to concentrate on your words. Keep your words clear and neutral.
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Search Talk: “Hello, I’m Agent Jones. I’m going to be seeing you today on behalf of your agent. Are you ready for your office visit”
Persuasive Talk: “Sir, would you mind stepping over here?” Light Control: “Sir, you need to relax” or “Show me your hands”,
or “Step out of the office, sir” Heavy Control: “Get down on the ground NOW”
**Also remember back to our 2017 POSC update training where we spent a lot of time on LEAPS, SAFER and the Tactical 5 & 8 Steps. These are all examples of types of dialogue we can have with our offenders. LEAPS= Listen, Empathise, Ask, Paraphrase and Summary SAFER= Security, Attack, Flight, Excessive Repetition, Revised Priorities Tactical 5 Step 1. Ask 2. Set Context (Policy, Reason, Understand) 3. Present Options (Good First) 4. Confirm Non-Compliance 5. ACT-(Disengage and/or Escalate) © 2008 Verbal Judo® Tactical 8 Step 1. Appropriate Greeting w/ name if known 2. Identify Self (if needed) 3. Explain Reason For The Contact 4. Ask a relevant question. 5. Ask for Identification(if needed) 6. Additional Information 7. Decision Stage 8. Appropriate Close © 2008 Verbal Judo®
3. Control Alternatives: To overcome passive resistance, active resistance, or their threats.
4. Protective Alternatives: To overcome continued resistance, assaultive behavior, or their threats.
5. Deadly Force: The purpose of deadly force is to stop the threat. The definition of deadly force is: “Force which the user reasonably believes would create a substantial risk of causing death or great bodily injury to another”
It is important to understand that you can escalate a situation if you do certain nonverbal actions. These include using inappropriate facial expressions that convey disgust, sarcasm, condescension, or similar attitudes and physical actions such as crowding a person, pointing the “parental finger” at him or her; and inappropriate touching. You can also escalate a situation through verbal actions such as using profanities, using certain “buzz” words, and giving verbal parting shots to a person. Inappropriate verbal actions are sometimes referred to as P.O.P. (Provoke Other People) actions. To do these things is unprofessional and is contrary to your best interests and those of your fellow staff members. Your job is to do what you need to do to control people and situations as quickly and efficiently as possible— not to unnecessarily make things worse than they are and cause further problems. FROM ECRM: DEADLY FORCE Deadly force may not be used by field staff against offenders except to prevent death or great bodily injury to oneself or another. Deadly force may not be used by field staff if its use creates a substantial danger or harm to innocent third parties, unless the danger created by not using such force is greater than the danger created by using it.
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Follow-through Considerations Follow-through considerations are the third phases of Disturbance Resolution. Follow-through Considerations include: 1. Stabilization through application of restraints 2. Monitor/Debrief
Whenever a person is in your custody, you are responsible for the subject’s health, safety, and well-being. When you monitor and debrief a subject, you are carrying out this duty. Monitoring simply means paying attention and being aware of the subject’s condition and any changes in that condition.
3.Search - Prior to escorting/transporting a subject in custody the must be “Pat Searched” Whenever possible, the offender shall be searched by staff of the same gender. If only opposite gender staff are available, another staff shall observe the search. Transgendered, transsexual, or intersex offenders may be searched by female staff or the offender may be asked to indicate which gender staff is preferred to perform the search. 3. Escort 4. Transport The custody team shall accompany the escort from stabilization location to the transport vehicle.
1. Transport 2. Turn-over through removal of restraints
This concludes the review of the First Responders Philosophy and the Disturbance Resolution Model. Are there any questions? Moving ahead let’s dive into “Incident Report Requirements”!
Disturbance Resolution Model (DMR)
• Approach Considerations • Intervention Options • Follow-through
Considerations Search Males search males Females search females Transgendered, transsexual, or intersex offenders may be searched by female staff or the offender may be asked to indicate which gender staff is preferred to perform the search Also keep in mind these search guidelines:
o Always be thorough and systematic, searching from top to bottom.
o Remember to follow standard precautions, including wearing protective gloves.
o Search from Position 2 ½ or 3. o Look before touching. o Always watch for weapons,
sharp objects, and possible instruments of escape. If you find a weapon, assume there is another and try to find it.
o Search with the subject’s feet wide apart and knees bent. Use the inner edge of your hand (thumb side) for searching sensitive areas.
o Always have another POSC trained staff present and observing.
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Incident Report Requirements: Per AD 17-05: All situations requiring the use of force beyond dialogue are required to be reviewed. Agents involved in a use of force situation must complete a WICS Incident Report within 1 working day. Staff must complete section A of the Use of Force Report (DOC-1960B). Report is to be forwarded to CFS within 1 working day for proper review. Staff should utilize the language from the First Responder Philosophy and Disturbance Resolution model to complete their report. Staff need to write their own report and not copy/paste from any other staff member that was involved in the incident. Each staff member involved in an incident must complete an incident report. In reviewing incident reports over the years, we realize that providing staff with a detailed method of completing them may be of benefit to the department. Incident reports should justify your actions with court defensibility. These reports can be the subject of open records, and they also can identify trends in Use of Force responses.
Discuss DCC Administrative Directive with class.
Incident Report Group Exercise You all have a copy of a well written incident report and a set of questions in the packet that we handed out this morning. Please find that now. Take 10 minutes to read the incident report and answer the questions for the incident report. (These are also in your packet) Our goal is to show how a well written report justifies our actions. After 10 minutes: Debrief Ask: How does using the First Responders Philosophy (FRP) when writing an incident report help ensure that all needed information is included in your report? Ask: How might you use the FRP in the future when writing Incident Reports? Ask: Our Use of Force committee reviews every Use of Force Incident Report written. What are important pieces of information for them to have? Are there any questions that you have about Incident Reports?
Hand out incident report/questions Review as a group Read each question and call on persons in attendance to answer.
First break Before we take a break, I’d like to remind you that I need to speak to
If any trainee gave you a “thumbs down” check with them on first break.
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anyone who gave a “thumbs down” during the wellness check during this break.
If trainee says something like “I have a bad shoulder”, Politely remind the employee that full participation and competent completion of POSC is an annual requirement. They can stay fully participate and monitor how they feel, or they can leave and discuss other options with their supervisor. (The employee is required to perform a return demonstration of trained techniques. They are not required to have the techniques done to them.)
Tactical Warm-up/Stretch All right now we will warm up our bodies and stretch. Let’s begin by jogging in place. (3- 5 minutes) Ok stop jogging and follow along with me as I lead us through our stretches. Overhead stretch-Side Bends Side bends.
o Reach toward the ceiling with both arms fully extended. o Grab your right wrist with your left hand and bend toward your
left side gently pulling your right arm with your left hand. o Again, this time secure your left wrist with your right hand and
gently pull while bending toward your right.
Shoulder-neck stretch (shrug) Neck Stretch
o Turn your head to the left and tilt it down toward the floor.
o Turn your head to the Right and tilt it down toward the floor.
o Turn your head to the center and tilt it down toward the floor.
o Now roll your head two times in each direction. Next up 10 Shoulder Rolls. 5 to the rear and 5 to the front. Begin with me and:
o One raise them high, squeeze and roll to the rear. And Two, Three, Four and Five.
o Now forward; o One raise them high squeeze and roll forward. And Two, Three,
Four and Five.
• Ensure that all persons are present and participating. Lead the group through their warm up and all the stretches. Begin by jogging in place. Pump your forearms up and down and reach over your head while you jog.
Continue to jog for three to five minutes.
• Hold each stretch for about 10 seconds.
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o Now reach your left arm across your torso and pull it in toward you with your right forearm.
o Repeat on your right arm.
Toe touches (at least once or twice on each side) o We will begin by assuming a stance wider than shoulder length
apart. o Keeping your back straight, bend at the waist. o Stay low and go to your left leg. o Stay low and go to your right leg. o Go back to your center. Flatten your back, take in a deep breath and
when you exhale lower your torso closer to the floor. o Staying low narrow your stance about half way. o Again flatten your back and take in a deep breath and when you
exhale lower your torso closer to the floor. o Staying low narrow your stance about half way. o Again flatten your back and take in a deep breath and when you
exhale lower your torso closer to the floor. o Close your stance o Unwind your spine coming up slowly.
Hamstring stretch While seated on the ground, pull one leg into the groin area and straighten the other and stretch arms and fingers to toe tips. Alternate each leg a two times. Calf stretch Stand with your feet slightly wider than shoulder width. Take a couple of steps forward with your left leg keeping your right foot flat on the ground with your toes pointing in the forward direction. Now with a wide forward stance bend your left leg, but do not let your knee extend past your toes. You should feel a stretch in your right thigh and calf. Now let’s switch sides and do the same for our other leg. This time you should feel a stretch in your left thigh and calf. Roll out your wrists a couple of times in each direction. Roll out your left ankle and now your right Take a minute to get a drink of water. This is not a break we are going to begin in just a couple of minutes.
Toe touches (at least once or twice on each side) • Raise your torso so that your chest
is parallel to the floor to demonstrate flattening your back.
• Again demonstrate how to flatten your back.
• Demonstrate by raising your torso to the upright position very slowly.
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Control Alternatives/ Protective Alternatives Now we are going to review the Blanket/Escort/Hug yourself/come-along with wall stabilization techniques. These techniques are the best practices approach when attempting to stabilize a combative subject. If the decision has been made to go hands on you are expected to intervene using techniques as trained in POSC. Now we’re going to the floor to practice. When you get there get into groups of three persons of similar size whom you are comfortable with . Technique Technique Command 1. Blanket the arm 1. Defensive stance (verbalize) (Gentle laying on of hands 2. Blanket the arm (verbalize) at the elbow). 3. Be prepared to disengage and/or escalate. 4. Scan and breath 5. Continue follow through Make sure that you stabilize the offender’s leg against the wall.
2. Escort position 1. Defensive stance (police escort hold) 2. Blanket the arm 3. Outside hand slides down the arm
4. Outside hand controls the wrist 5. Bring subject’s arm to center 6. Be prepared to disengage and/or escalate 7. Scan and breathe
8. Continue follow through Let’s get back to our seats.
** Prior to going to the floor, demonstrate the techniques to the class with explanation of steps. o Get the class into groups of 3 of
similar height. o Perform each technique by the
number 3 times then rotate until each person in the group has had an opportunity to perform the technique.
o Allow them to practice “slow and to form” with a wall.
o Make sure that you stress the importance of stabilizing offender’s leg to the wall with your knee.
Compliance Holds. We are now going to talk about Compliance Holds. Compliance holds may be used in an attempt to overcome passive resistance from an offender. Proper techniques: Come-along (wrist lock). Compression holds. Compliance holds.
Note: The difference between a Compression Hold and a Compliance Hold is the amount of pressure the staff member exerts on the subject's wrist.
Okay, let’s get back in your groups and practice this on the floor.
Demonstrate compliance holds in front of class prior to them getting into their groups again.
Come-along We are now going to practice the Come-along technique. Here Christina wants to put the definition of Come-along from page 52 of POSC manual
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This technique may be used if the offender continues to struggle after application of the blanket/escort hold it may be necessary to advance to the come-along hold in an effort to quell the aggression.
1. Defensive stance 2. Blanket the arm 3. Escort position 4. Wrist up 5. Elbow back 6. Inside hand around 7. Outside hand on top 8. Slide elbow to center 9. Apply pressure (verbalize), if appropriate 10. Release pressure, when appropriate 11. Be prepared to disengage and/or escalate 12. Scan and breath 13. Continue follow through
Come-along to rear escort for application of handcuffs We are now going to practice the Come-along to rear escort for application of handcuffs. This technique would be used to apply handcuffs to the restrained individual if he/she is going into custody. The way that we perform this technique is: 1) With your outside hand you would secure the offender’s elbow in a
pincer grip 2) Your inside hand rolls downward along an arc bringing the offenders
hand to the rear of the offender. 3) You would continue to secure the offender with your outside hand in a
pincer grip at elbow and your inside hand (palm over the back of the offenders) in a rear escort hold.
Note: Come-along compliance holds are typically used as Control Alternatives. Though not as typical, a come-along hold could also be used as a Protective Alternative. As in the example noted above for escort holds, staff may still be able to place a come-along hold on a potentially assaultive subject if staffs’ advantages of size, strength and numbers were significant enough to still safely stabilize and control the subject. If the staff members do not have enough of an advantage they should either disengage or escalate to other tactics. Are there any questions?
Handcuffing Now we will be reviewing the policies around the use of restraints, and
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proper procedural techniques of handcuffing. We will be following ECRM Manual Standards. ECRM Manual Standards for restraints We are going to review what is in the Electronic Reference Case Manual (ECRM) regarding Restraints. This information can be found by looking in the violation section of the ERCM. The general statement in the ECRM says: “It is a requirement to restrain offenders who are being taken into custody or transported while in custody. In other cases, where there is doubt regarding the use of restraints, they should be utilized for the safety of all concerned. When an offender is in custody, agents are responsible for the safety of the offender, as well as themselves. Agents must be made aware that merely handcuffing does not render a prisoner harmless. Arms, although cuffed together, are still effective weapons. The agent must be especially alert in applying or removing securing devices, since this is a likely time for an offender to attempt escape”. The ECRM states that “Mechanical restraints are limited to handcuffs, handcuffs with restraining chain, and/or leg restraints. Only restraints provided by the employer may be utilized”. No agent may use their own restraints.
USE OF RESTRAINTS Mechanical restraints may only be used in the following circumstances: a. To protect staff or others from an offender who poses an immediate
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