Inc8 10-pros-13-i

08-10. CLASE GASTROPODA

Subclases: 1. Prosobranchia

2. Opisthobranchia

3. Pulmonata

70 000 spp.

ENROLLAMIENTO DE LA CONCHA Y TORSION DE LA MASA VISCERAL

ORIGEN Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS GASTROPODA

CONCHA Y MANTO

TAXONOMÍA

SUBCLASE PROSOBRANCHIA

A. Odostomia

B. Buccinum

C. Busycon

D. Buccinum (corte longitudinal)

E. Oliva

F. Turbonilla

FORMAS DE LA CONCHILLA EN PROSOBRANCHIA

VARIACIONES DE LA

CABEZA Y EL PIE

PROSOBRANCHIA

A. Corte longitudinal de una concha.

B. Concha de neogastrópodo con nomenclatura.

C. Busycon

D. Pupilla (terrestre)

E. Gasterópodo con opérculo

F-H. Retracción dentro de la concha y cierre con el opérculo

A. Carinaria (Heteropoda) TIPOS DE OPÉRCULO

B-C. LittorinaD-E. CymatiumF-G. BuccinumH. PyxipomaJ. TrochusK. StrombusL. NassariusM. Conus

CAVIDAD DEL MANTO Y COMPLEJO PALEAL

ARCHAEOGASTROPODA

A. Haliotis, vista dorsal de la concha

B. Vista dorsal del mismo, sin concha y con el techo del manto cortadoC. Diagrama lateral en el que se aprecia la co- rriente de agua.D. PleurotomariaE. Scissurella

A

Anatomía de Buccinum undatum (PROSOBRANCIA)

A. Vista dorsal, concha suprimida, manto cortado y reflejado.B. Caracol reptando con la probóscide en protrución.

SISTEMA DIGESTIVO Y ALIMENTACION

SUBCLASE PROSOBRANCHIA: ORDEN ARCHAEOGASTROPODA

A. Diagrama del tubo digestivo de un prosobranquio primitivo (Trochidae)

B. Parte de la rádula de Haliotis (ripidoglosa)

C. Parte de la rádula de Patella (docoglosa)

D. Rádula taenioglosa de Viviparus

E. Rádula taenioglosa de Pterotrachea

F. Rádula raquiglosa de Busycon

G. Dientes de la rádula ptenoglosa de Janthina

A. Bitium

B. Natica

C. Crepidula (corte sagital)

D. Cypraea

E. Cymatium

F-G. Lamellaria

H. Bursa

MESOGASTROPODA

A. Busycon, alimentándose deun bivalvo

B. Close up de Natica

MESOGASTROPODA

ALIMENTADORES DE SUSPENSIÓN

B. Crepidula

B. Serpulorbis (se ha suprimido la concha)C. Dos individuos cooperan par formar la trampa de moco

A. Estructuras bucales de Conus striatusB. Micrografía electrónica de un diente de la rádula de ConusC. Conus, devorando un pez

NEOGASTROPODA

BRANQUIAS Y RESPIRACION

ARCHAEOGASTROPODA

A-B. Haliotis, “abalón”

C. Pleurotomaria

D-E. Fissurella

MESOGASTROPODA ANFIBIOS

La familia LittorinidaeConserva una branquia uni-pectinada (33) y posee un áreaplegada y vascularizada deltecho del manto para la res-piración aérea (34).

La familia ampullariidae posee una bolsa vascularizada en la cavidad del manto (40), que le permite la respira-cion aerea. Dentro del agua utiliza la branquia(14).

SISTEMA NERVIOSO Y ORGANOS DE LOS SENTIDOS

A. Sistema nervioso hipo- tético antes de la torsión.

B. El mismo después de la torsión.

C. Vista lateral de un gasterópodo mostrando la posición del sistema nervioso.

Neogastropoda Pulmonata

Ojos en los Prosobranquios

Archaegastropoda Neogastropoda

SISTEMA REPRODUCTOR Y REPRODUCCION

A. Sistema reproductor en ARCHAEOGASTROPODA (Trochidae)

B. Sistema reproductor en MESOGASTROPODA (Littorinidae)

LARVA VELIGER DE Crepidula sp.

MESOGASTROPODA

MESOGASTROPODA

A. Veliger de Crepidula.

B. Veliger con velo con 4 lóbulos.

C. Veliger con velo con 12 lóbulos.

MESOGASTROPODA

MESOGASTROPODAY NEOGASTROPODA

Thais lamellosa, fijando sus cápsulasovígeras al sustrato rocoso.

HALIOTIDAE PLEUROTOMARIIDAE

Los Neritidae son arqueo-gastrópodos que poseenpene y tienen fecundacióninterna.En el mar tropical de lacosta peruana hay especiesdel género Nerita yTheodoxus luteofasciatuses común en el inter-mareal areno fangoso dePuerto Pizarro.Algunos han invadido losestuarios y las aguas dulces.

Conservation statusOne species is listed as Extinct by the IUCN: Lottia alveus.The extinction of this species does not appear to have been related to human activities. However, current local declines of patellogastropod species (such as in the Azores and theHawaiian Islands) are almost always associated with over harvesting by humans for food.

Significance to humansBecause of their large size and intertidal habitat, patellogastropod species have been important components of aboriginal diets for more than 150,000 years, and there is evidence that human predation has (and continues to) reduced both maximum and mean limpet size at some localities. Patellid species are also finding use in biological-monitoring studies of the health of rocky-shore communities because of their ubiquitous presence and role in rocky-shore systems. There appears to be little economic interest in most patellogastropodspecies, although Cellana species are a significant fishery in Hawaii and patellids have been over harvested at the Azores in recent years.In the tropical Pacific, the commercial harvest of Trochus species for the button industry began in the early twentieth century and has significantly reduced populations in some areas. Lastly, the shell trade puts tremendous value on some species of Pleurotomarioidea; collectors pay hundredsof dollars for exquisite specimens.

Significance to humansThe significance of vetigastropods to humans includes the use of their shells by inhabitants of the northern Pacific islands, southern Africa, and Australia and New Zealand to make fishhooks, buttons and beads (especially nacreousgroups), or bowls (large abalone species). The most common use of vetigastropods was and continues to be as food—for subsistence as well as haute cuisine (e.g., abalone steaks).

Conservation statusThe only vetigastropods on the IUCN Red List are two members of the Skeneoidea, Teinsotoma fernandesi and Teinsotoma funiculatum from São Tomé and Principe in the Gulf of Guinea off western Africa. Both are Data Deficient.At more regional levels, several abalone species of the genus Haliotis are threatened both by overharvesting and by a pathogen in western North America that leads to a fatal wasting disease called withering syndrome. The overharvesting of large Fissurella species or lapas has also been problematic in

Chile.

Inc8 10-pros-13-i

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