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A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyse a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, die gallantly. Specialization is for insects.

-Robert A. HeinleinSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21This quote represents my view how to enhance the development in the marine sector. Of course we need specialist in hydrodynamics, structure etc but the largest improvement potential will be released when we manage to identify how to optimise how the individual systems work together1When, where, how and why the academy should develop a closer relationship with the marine industry?Chalmers University of TechnologyDepartment of Shipping and Marine TechnologyDivision of Marine DesignGothenburg, Sweden

Inaugural lecture - Professor of the Practice

Bengt RamneSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-212. but first a completely different questionWho am I?SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21My name is Bengt Ramne and .

I am very honoured to be considered to the position as

Professor of the Practice in Concept development of marine systems and offshore installations

Background:

3The academy should develop a closer relationship with the marine industryWhy? Evolve or die!Enhance the competiveness of the marine industry Reduce the environmental impactFeed back from the industry to identify area of relevanceContribute to a broader knowledge-base for students and researchersHow? Create applied development projectsWhere?What about here?When? What about now?SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21In order to survive we need to evolve, survival of the fittest

Short sea shipping in this area has a very tough challengeUpcoming stricter rulesIncreased fuel costCompetition from low cost truck services

For intercontinental transport, ship transport has no real competitor. For most commodities the transport cost is a negligible part of the retail value and the additional cost for reducing the emissions can be transferred to the consumer without any negative effect. Stricter rules are in the pipeline but the inefficiency of IMO in this area makes the development very slow.

4Fuel consumption and CO2 emissionsSource: Eyring et al. J Geophys Res 110 (2005) compiled by Erik Fridell IVL 2007SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-215NOx, SOx and PM emissionsSource: Eyring et al. J Geophys Res 110 (2005) compiled by Erik Fridell IVL 2007SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21Stricter rules has been enforced in certain regions. It is hard for anyone to claim that this would be unjustified. If compared with the land industry where in Sweden reduced the SOx emissions from approx 400 kton 1970 to 20 kton 2011For shipping the sulphur content in the fuel has been reduced from 4.5% to 1% during the same time.

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SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21The reduction to 0.1% in 2015 is certainly drastic but not unreasonable. 0.1% is still 1000 ppm the current requirements for land transport is Euro 5 with max 10 ppm

Were it can be claimed that the intercontinental transport should be able to transfer the costs for emission reduction to their clients the situation for short sea shipping is more delicateShort sea shipping has often a direct competition from land transport road and rail.The lower cost of truck transport combined with industrial production running on reduced speed, has created a situation where the transport capacity is higher than the demand with very tough times for ship owners and line operators.

The current low profitability will be even more strained in 2015 whit drastic increased fuel cost

It will be needed to find ways to improve the energy efficiency in order to stay competitive.

One good thing is that this goes completely hand in hand with the ambition to reduce the CO2 emissions which can take us a part of the way to the environmental goals of 2020. At the same time cost efficient measures are needed to reduce Nox and PM

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SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21EU targets for transport sector greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions of 20% below the 2008 level by 2030 and by 70% below the 2008 levels by 2050

Swedish targets for the transport sector to use 10% renewable fuel and have a 40% GHG reduction by 2020 compared to the 1990 levelMandatory energy efficiency measures for international shipping adopted by the International Maritime Organization, with the goal to reduce emissions of GHGs.

Svallvg2050 The Zero Vision on harmful emissions

In order to take the next step and fulfil the environmental targets for 2020 and 2050 there is now other way than to join forces and to utilize the availble resources in the best possible way

8The academy should develop a closer relationship with the marine industryWhy? Evolve or die!Enhance the competiveness of the marine industry Reduce the environmental impactFeed back from the industry to identify area of relevanceContribute to a broader knowledge-base for students and researchersHow? Create applied development projectsWhere?What about here?When? What about now?SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21Stimulate technical developmentDirect financial support for pilot and demonstration installations of applied development projectsSystem efficiencyEnergy efficiencyEmission reductionEnergy productionCreate long term financial solutions to enable shipowners to invest in

A very large latent resource available today is the very presed shipowners industry. They need to find ways to reduce operational cost i.e. fuel consumption. By stimulating technology development and provide support for the establishment of pilot and demonstration plants combined with funding opportunities for the Swedish shipping companies to upgrade their fleets with this technology, so will improve both the environment and maritime industry conditions. At the same time it will create an excellent breeding ground for the development of an industry segment where Sweden thanks to its geographical location and its existing strong industrial and academic position will be able to establish themselves as global foreunners

In order to take the next step to fulfil the more long term targets it will be necessary to identify, develop, introduce and produce CO2 neutral fuels as alternative to todays fossil based fuels. The wind will aslo have to be used in the largest possible extend

9Applied development projectsEngines and fuelsSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21Some applied development projects I have been involved in and were I further development is reqiured

10Crude oilNatural gasBio GasAnaerobic digestionCoalBiomassMunicipal wasteSolarHydroWindNuclearRefiningCoolingReformationGasificationElectrolysis of water-163CCH4 + H2O CO + 3 H2C + O2 COH2O H2 + O2C + H2O CO + H2CO + H2O CO2 + H2CO + H2O CO2 + H2Carbon captureCO2 + C 2COCO2ResidualsDistillatesLNGSyngas HFOMGOHydrogen + Carbon monoxide (H2 + CO)MethanolDMEGas to liquid - GTLDirect synthesis, using a dual catalyst systemFischer TropschCO + 2H2 CH3OHFixed bed reactor process (Haldor Tops)CrackingCO2 + 3H2 CH3OH +H2OSlurry bed reactor process (JFE, Air Products and Chemicals) ParaffinCO2 + H2 CO +H2ONapthaDieselDMEDehydration of methanol2CH3OH CH3OCH3 + H2ODME to liquidMobile processHFO ICE FuelMGO ICE FuelLNG ICE/FC FuelMethanol ICE/FC FuelSynthetic petrolDME ICE FuelParaffinNa-pthaDieselHydrogen as ICE/FC FuelDiesel fuelDiesel fuelOtto fuelOtto fuelOtto fuelDiesel fuelRequires spark ignition or dual fuelRequires spark ignition ,dual fuel or methanol diesel engineScandiNAOS/BR 2011-03-23Alternative Marine Fuel - Feedstock and productsSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2111

Crude oil well head price115$/bbl843$/tonCrude landed (WTI/Brent approx)119$/bbl0.051/kWh872$/tonMGO port price0.062/kWh1070$/tonNatural gas well head price0.010/kWh183$/tonCrude eqv.LNG cost ex works0.02/kWh345$/tonMGO eqv.LNG along side Gteborg0.046/kWh845$/tonMGO eqv.LNG FOB Zeebrugge0.03/kWh518$/tonMGO eqv.Natural gas well head price0.010/kWh183$/tonCrude eqv.Methanol cost ex works0.025/kWh432$/tonMGO eqv.Methanol along side Gteborg0.044/kWh805$/tonMGO eqv.Methanol produced from forest products0.072/kWh1244$/tonMGO eqv.HFO port price0.041/kWh698$/tonSPIRETH 2012-05-29SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21Methanol versus LNG and oil

The future cost of fuel is very difficult to predict. However by comparing the sources and the distribution a general understanding regarding the relative cost between different fuels can be obtainedBased on the same feed stock the production of LNG is cheaper than the production of Methanol. However the distribution chain of methanol is existing and requires no special vessels or storage terminals. Existing vessels, storage facilities and bunker system can be used.

LNG requires expensive sophisticated deep sea vessels, import and re-export terminals, LNG coastal feeder vessels, local LNG terminals and storage and LNG bunker vessels. Due to the costly distribution chain the cost difference at the production facilities is eliminated when the fuel is distributed to the vessel.

The methanol price used in the estimate is the noted commodity price based on today's trade pattern with comparable small volumes. It is expected that a large volume buyer such as a ship owner will be able to get a discounted price which also can be indicated by the current mark up between the methanol production cost and market price

Both energy cost for LNG and methanol is considerable lower than the cost for marine gas oil MGO and if the cost for the methanol can be negotiated down 15-20% it will be in the same level as heavy fuel oil HFO

The methanol can also be delivered from bio methanol production. The cost for bio methanol production is today not competitive to fossil methanol without subsidies or other incentives but methanol operation opens up for a seamless introduction of bio methanol and GHG emission reduction.

The current global production of methanol is approx 50 milllion tons but there is a unused over capacity so according to Methanex an annual increase of 5 million ton will not be a problem to supply12

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2113SPIRETH - Stena Scanrail

SPIRETH 2013-11-26

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21Low flashpoint liquid Rules and regulation14

SPIRETH 2013-11-262CH3OH CH3OCH3 + H2OLiquid methanol

Does not work as diesel fuelTemp increase to 200 CPressure increase to 16 barCatalytic reactor approx 90% conversionService tank 1600 L DME260 L Water140 L MethanolOne phase liquide at 13 bar

Modified diesel engineSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2115Diesel concept for DME

+ DME perfect for Diesel process + Suitable for retrofit+ Clean exhaust gases (NOx Tier III)+ Gas but liquid at low pressure (5 bar)

modifications of fuel preparation system modifications of fuel injection system new pressurized fuel tanks

Picture from Wrtsil

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2116Wrtsil Dual Fuel Concept for Methanol FKAB Kontaktknytarkvll 2011-10-06Picture from Wrtsil

Methanol or Gas - DieselSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2117

Ballast tank converted to methanol fuel tankTransfer pump roomHigh pressure pump roomDouble walled High pressure fuel pipesSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2118MAN S50ME-B9.3-LGITwo stroke high pressure gas (methanol) engine

Methanol new buildingsSix 50 000 dwt Chemical TankersSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2119Two stroke high pressure (diesel)

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2120

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-212122

Wrtsil RT-flex50DFTwo stroke low pressure gas (methanol) engineSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2122Two stroke low pressure gas (methanol) engine

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2123Engine-fuel possibilities to considerDME (diesel)Gas/Methanol-Diesel (diesel)Spark ignition (otto) Dual Fuel (otto /diesel)Two stroke high pressure LGI (diesel)Two stroke low pressure (otto)Partial premix combustion (otto/diesel)Ignition enhancer

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2124Applied development projects fuel and engine technologyAlternative fuelled marine enginesDevelopment and evaluation of alternative engine technologiesDevelopment and evaluation of components like fuel pumps, injection valves, glow plugs etc. Development of retrofit kits for existing engines

Gas based marine fuels especially methanolDevelopment of the fuels as such with regards to ignition properties, lubrication ability, safety aspects etc

Alternative fuel sustainably producedImproved production methods out of a wide range of feedstock.Carbon Capture and RecyclingMethanol produced out of fossil free produced hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide

Life cycle analysis

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2125Applied development projectsEngines and fuelsEnergy efficiency, saving, recovery and conversionSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21Stimulate technical developmentDirect financial support for pilot and demonstration installations of applied development projectsSystem efficiencyEnergy efficiencyEmission reductionEnergy productionCreate long term financial solutions to enable shipowners to invest in

En mycket stor latent resurs finns idag i den mycket pressade redarnringen. Genom att stimulera teknikutveckling och ge std fr etablering av pilot och demonstrationsanlggningar och samtidigt skapa finansieringsmjligheter fr de svenska rederierna att uppgradera sin flotta med denna teknik, s kommer man att frbttra bde miljn och sjfartsnringens villkor. Samtidigt skapar den en ypperlig grogrund fr utveckling av ett industrisegment dr Sverige genom sitt geografiska lge och sin befintliga starka industriella och akademiska position kommer att kunna etablera sig i den absoluta vrldstoppen

Sjfarten r idag pressad av dlig lnsamhet och kommande skrpta miljkrav. Alla aktrer r vl medvetna om att energieffektiviteten mste frbttras. Denna insikt gr helt hand i hand med strvan att reducera CO2 utslppen och kommer att kunna leda en bit p vgen mot uppfyllande av miljmlen fr 2020. Samtidigt mste utslppen av SOx, NOx PM drastiskt reduceras fr att till fullo utveckla sjfartens potential som det i srklass energi- och miljmssigt bsta transportslaget.Fr att ocks kunna ta nsta steg krvs det identifiering, utveckling, produktion och introducering av CO2 neutrala alternativ till dagens fossila brnslen samt att ven vinden ter blir utnyttjad fr framdrift.

26Efficiency - prioritiesLogistic systemUtilization of shipSelection of main parametersCapacity and speedCargo handlingTime in port, speed at seaOperation routinesSpeed profile, weather routingHull shapePropeller size and propeller designMain engine selectionEnergy preservation and recoveryImperfection at a higher level can never be fully compensated by perfection at a lower levelSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2127

M/S CredoLength over all 159m Breath mld 24,6m Depth mld 13,5m Draught 9,4m Deadweight 21353t Cargo 25 667m3Main particulars

Cranes 3x38 t at 28 m Gross tonnage 16 690 Net tonnage 6 548 Main Engines Sulzer 6RT-flex50, 9720 kW Aux Engines Wrtsil 4L20 3x750 kW Flag Swedish Built 2006 Shanghai, H134SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2128Energy saving potential - housekeepingAnnual fuel consumption approx 5 000 tonAnnual saving approx SEK 1 000 000540 ton CO2 SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2129

Shaft power output 49.3%Lube oil cooler 4.3%Jacket water cooler 6.3%Exhaust gas 25.4%Air cooler 14.1%Heat radiation 0.6%Fuel energy content100%Energy recovery and conversion

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2130Energy recovery and conversion Organic Rankin Cycle - ORCThermal oil or steamEGBTurbineGeneratorCondenserEvaporatorORC250kWSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2132

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21

Energy recovery and transformationAnnual saving approx SEK 1 500 000810 ton CO2 SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2133Thermodynamics

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2134Fluid dynamics

Screw expanderRadial expansion turbineSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2135Heat transfer

Exhaust gas boilerTube and shellPlateSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2136Pumps

Centrifugal pumpScrew pumpMembrane pumpPiston pumpSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2137ValvesButterfly valveGate valveGlobe valve

Ball valve

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2138Applied development projects Energy efficiency, saving, recovery and conversionHousekeeping

Energy Recovery

Energy conversion

System integration

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2139Applied development projectsEngines and fuelsEnergy efficiency, saving, recovery and conversionSail assisted propulsionSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2140M/T ExcelloMain particulars

1 100 m2 Telescopic SailAnnual saving approx SEK 2 500 000 1350 ton CO2SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2141EffShip Panamax with rotors and sails

Rotor projected area 530 m2Sail projected area 3550 m2Kite area 640 m2SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-214243

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2144Shipping route Rotterdam Caracass

savingall year/winter %ship speed (kn)sailrotorkite1221/2415/179/101417/2013/156/71612/149/10SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2145Applied development projects Sail assisted propulsionSail profile optimisation

Sail material

Rig structural optimization

Rig manoeuvring mechanics

Sail control system

Rules and regulations

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2146Applied development projectsEngines and fuelsEnergy efficiency, saving, recovery and conversionSail assisted propulsionEmission abatement technologySHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2147Applied development projects Emission abatements technologis

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2148Applied development projectsEngines and fuelsEnergy efficiency, saving, recovery and conversionSail assisted propulsionEmission abatement technologyOffshore installationsSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2149

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-215051

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2151The academy should develop a closer relationship with the marine industryWhy? Evolve or die!Enhance the competiveness of the marine industry Reduce the environmental impactFeed back from the industry to identify area of relevanceContribute to a broader knowledge-base for students and researchersHow? Create applied development projectsWhere?What about here?When? What about now?SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2152

ScandiNAOSLloyds RegisterChalmersSSPAPort of GothenburgTTS Ships Equipment DECGoteniusS-MANSjfartsverketBreakwater PublishingGothenburg CharteringMelshipBRAX shippingIde MarineCanopusSOLBasstechGothia MarineMANGVACTransatlanticGteborg EnergiMarinvestLaurin MaritimeWrtsilCityvarvetFKABACLSvensk Sjfarts tidningCobelfretDFDSStora EnsoStenaDNVSjfartens analysinstitutCargotechFuretankSwediaDonstanklvtankSiriusEktankVeritas tankersBunker serviceDonsVolvo PentaGood conditions for a close relation between the academy and the marine industryGESABPREEMBergs Propulsion-varvetSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2153The academy should develop a closer relationship with the marine industryWhy? Evolve or die!Enhance the competiveness of the marine industry Reduce the environmental impactFeed back from the industry to identify area of relevanceContribute to a broader knowledge-base for students and researchersHow? Create applied development projectsWhere?What about here?When? What about now?SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2154Why now is a good time to get startedThe need is greatUpcoming emission rulesIncreased fuel costActions are desperately need to get on track to the 2020 and 2050 environmental targets

EU and the Swedish Government has acknowledge the need to support development in the marine sectorTEN-THorizon 2020Strategiska innovationsomrde (SIO)

The Swedish Shipowners Association has a compiled a long list of urgent projects

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2155

Which project to get started with?

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-2156Thank you for listeningSHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGYDIVISION OF MARINE DESIGNBengt Ramnep. #2014-01-21Thanks and acknowledge

It so much easier to reach if you can stand on great peoples shouldersMy Parents, my mentor, colleague and friend Pelle

Roll models to get inspiration from my brother

Wife and children who gives support, love and good advice

The colleagues at ScandiNAOS who teaches me new things every day57