In this chapter, you will Learn About…

How the substances in tobacco affect the

body.

The illnesses that can damage the respiratory

system.

Why people become addicted to tobacco and

why teens begin using tobacco.

Benefits of avoiding tobacco use.

Tobacco

What Tobacco Does to the Body

In this lesson, you will Learn About…

The substances in tobacco that cause health

problems.

Why all forms of tobacco are harmful to

health.

How tobacco affects various parts of the

body.

What Tobacco Does to the Body

The Vocabulary terms in this lesson are:

Nicotine.

Tar.

Carbon monoxide.

Alveoli.

Emphysema.

The Facts About Tobacco

A single puff of tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals.

Almost all of these chemicals prevent the body from functioning the way it should.

At least 43 of these chemicals cause cancer.

In the United States, more than 400,000 people die each year because of smoke-related illnesses.

What Is in Tobacco?

Tobacco contains three substances that are especially harmful to health:

Nicotine, a drug that makes tobacco users crave even more nicotine

Tar, a liquid that coats the lining of the lungs and causes diseases

Carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced when tobacco burns

Harmful Substances in Tobacco Smoke

Nicotine speeds the heartbeat, raises blood pressure, increases the

craving for tobacco, and causes dizziness and upset stomach.

Formaldehyde is an irritating, acidic gas used in laboratory disinfectants

and preservatives.

Tar forms a sticky coating on the tubes and air sacs inside the

lungs.

Carbon monoxide prevents the body from getting all the oxygen it

needs.

Cyanide is a deadly

poison.

Methanol, a poisonous

liquid alcohol, is known to

cause blindness.

Forms of Tobacco

Tobacco products can be smoked, chewed, or inhaled.

Products that are smoked: Cigarettes Cigars and pipes

Smokeless products: Chewing tobacco Snuff

Cigarettes

Cigarettes are made from shredded tobacco leaves.

Filters in cigarettes reduce the amount of nicotine and tar in cigarette smoke.

Filters, however, do not decrease the harmful chemicals passing through a smoker’s lungs.

Cigars and Pipes

Shredded tobacco leaves are also used in cigars and pipes.

Dangers of using cigars or pipes:

Cigar smoke contains 25 times more carbon monoxide and up to 400 times more nicotine than cigarette smoke.

Cigar and pipe smokers are more likely to develop cancers of the lip, mouth, and tongue than nonsmokers.

Smokeless Tobacco

Smokeless tobacco, such as chewing tobacco and snuff, is placed in the mouth or inhaled rather than smoked.

The nicotine in smokeless tobacco is just as harmful and addictive as that in cigarettes.

8 dips/day is like smoking 30 cigarettes

Smokeless Tobacco (cont’d.)

Users of smokeless tobacco:

Face a higher risk of developing cancers of mouth, esophagus, larynx, and pancreas than tobacco users.

Can also develop gum diseases and stomach ulcers.

How Tobacco Harms the Body

Respiratory SystemTobacco smoke damages the alveoli. This damage

maylead to emphysema.

Smokers are also between 12 and 22 times more likely

than nonsmokers to develop lung

cancer.

Nervous SystemTobacco use reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain, which

can lead to a stroke.

Circulatory System

Tobacco use is linked to

heart disease.

Excretory SystemSmokers have at least

twice the risk of developing bladder

cancer as nonsmokers. Smokeless tobacco can also put users

at risk of developing bladder cancer.

Digestive SystemAll forms of tobacco

increase the risk of cavities and gum

disease. Tobacco use is linked to cancers

of the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach,

and pancreas.

Regulating the Tobacco Industry

To control health hazards caused by tobacco, the federal government has passed the following regulations:

Cigarette packs must feature warnings on the health risks of smoking.

Cigarette ads are banned from radio and television.

It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under age 18; in some states, the age is even higher.

Reviewing Terms and Facts

1. _______ is an addictive drug found in tobacco.Nicotine

Reviewing Terms and Facts

2. Name four substances in tobacco smoke that are harmful to the body. Nicotine Methanol Tar Cyanide Carbon monoxide Formaldehyde

Thinking Critically

3. What might you say to persuade a friend to quit chewing tobacco?

Vocabulary Review

Nicotine is an addictive drug found in tobacco.

Vocabulary Review

Tar is a thick, dark liquid that forms when tobacco burns.

Vocabulary Review

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced when tobacco burns.

Vocabulary Review

Alveoli are fragile, elastic, microscopic air sacs in the lungs where carbon monoxide from body cells and fresh oxygen from the air are exchanged.

Vocabulary Review

Emphysema is a disease that destroys alveoli.

Fold the sheet of notebook paper in half along the long axis.

On the top layer, cut every third line. This will form 10 tabs.

Label the tabs as shown.

Define key terms and record facts about tobacco’s effects on the body.

Assess your ability to separate the facts about tobacco from the myths.

Take the Health Inventory for Chapter 10 at http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe65.php?qi=1686