In the UK our employment structure has changed. A brief diversion! This is what happened to the...
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Transcript of In the UK our employment structure has changed. A brief diversion! This is what happened to the...
In the UK our employment structure has changed
A brief diversion! This is what happened to the British
population
Birth rate and
death rate high, low
population, stable
Birth rate high and death rate
lower, increasing population
Birth rate and death rate
lower, increasing population
Birth rate and
death rate low, high population, stable
This where various countries of the world are now – see
the similarity?
Change it a bit, take away the bottom scale and put in countries and ….
Ethiopia Brazil Japan UKPeru
Sustainable industry??• Secondary employment really only took off in the
industrial revolution in 18th Century• Large factories mass produced goods• Systems became more and more mechanised• A lot of things we buy are not made in the places
where they were made first any more due to cheaper production costs in LEDC’s & NIC’s.
• Wages are often much lower in LEDC’s and there are less employment and environmental controls
• Factories in UK shut down and went to places like China or Turkey. Now those factories are too expensive and production has moved to even cheaper places like Cambodia & Nigeria
Tertiary industry• Currently this is 76% in the UK – ¾ of all jobs
are in service industries.• We have talked about shops, transport and
hospitals and schools. What are some others?• Why are so many of us employed in tertiary
jobs?• Good education, with nearly half all school
leavers going onto college and beyond• UK is dominant in service industries like
banking and finance and many MNC’s have head quarters here like global banks and tech firms (Microsoft, Vodafone, HSBC etc…)
Countries vary in their patterns of employment
• Now, in the UK, and other MEDCs, there are far fewer involved in agriculture.
• Why is that?• The number of people involved in
secondary industry is also dropping. Why?• The amount of people involved in tertiary
industry is rising? Why?• And in quaternary industry too. Why?
Countries vary in their patterns of employment
• Which countries do you think still have the majority involved in primary industry?
• For example?• Which countries will be have an increasing
numbers in secondary industry? • For example?• Will these countries have increasing
numbers in tertiary and quaternary, do you think?
The employment structure varies from one place to
anotherWhat kind of country do you think these 3
come from?
They employment structure vary from one place to
another• Are you surprised? Why do you think they are
different in that particular way?
IndiaEthiopia
United Kingdom
Informal employment
• Many millions, especially in LEDCs, work in the informal sector
• They don’t appear in any pie charts• This type of employment include selling goods
as street traders• They don’t pay well• They tend involve long hours• No taxes paid. These jobs are often illegal &
often involve child labour.• They are temporary and would not provide a
regular, steady income
Informal employment
• India has a large informal labour market.
• “Shoe-shine” children are part of this.
• Work is ‘cash-in-hand’.• Workers’ protection is lacking - no
rights, no protection.
Besides pie charts …
• Employment is can demonstrated on triangular graphs
• Primary: Brazil is between 40% & 50%
• Secondary: Russia is between 40% & 50%
• Tertiary: USA is between 60% & 70%
Besides pie charts …
TanzaniaTanzania• Least
economically developed of the countries
• 82% primary• 7% secondary• So what %
tertiary?• Hint: adds to
100%
Your turn
• On your copy of this triangular graph calcuate the % of people employed in primary, secondary and tertiary for all the countries.
• What patterns do you notice?• Which are MEDC’s? Which are
NIC’s?
Summary
As countries develop economically how does their employment
structure change?