In the Time That It Takes the Music to Play…write

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    In the time that it takes

    the music to playwriteas much as you know

    about bonds

    Compound with the mostcorrect wins!

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    What determines

    the type of bondthat forms?

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    ELECTRONEGATIVITY

    The tendency of an atomto attract electrons to

    itself when it is bondedto another atom

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    BOND STRENGTHthe energy needed to

    break the bonds

    between atoms in acompound

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    Bond Strength

    The greater the differencein electronegativities, the

    greater the bondstrength

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    It does not require

    energy to make bonds. Itrequires energy to break

    bonds.

    Breaking up is hard to do

    Misconception Alert!

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    2 Main Bonding Options

    By transferring electrons

    (producing ions)(big difference in EN)

    By sharing electrons

    (small difference in EN)

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    IONIC BONDbond formed between

    two ions by the

    transferof electrons(difference in EN > 1.67)

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    IONIC COMPOUND

    substance formed

    when electrons aretransferred between 2

    or more substances

    (making ions)

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    Example of an Ionic Bond

    Chlorine steals one of

    sodiums electrons

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    Characteristics of

    Ionic SubstancesElectrons are transferred

    Bonds between metals andnon-metals

    Formulas are in simpleratios (NaCl)

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    More Characteristics of

    Ionic Substances Crystalline structure at room

    temperature High melting points

    Good conductors of electricitywhen molten or dissolved

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    COVALENT BONDbond formed by the

    sharingof electrons

    (difference in EN < 1.67)

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    MOLECULE

    a neutral group of

    atoms held together bycovalent bonds

    (ex: H2O)

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    Example of a Covalent Bond

    Each of Hydrogens electrons

    are shared to make H2

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    Characteristics of

    Covalent Substances Electrons are shared

    Bonds between non-metals andother non-metals

    Formulas are in true ratio ofatoms (C

    6H

    12O

    6)

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    More Characteristics of

    Ionic Substances Substances may exist in any

    state of matter at roomtemperature

    Low melting points Nonconductors of electricity

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    Bonds in all the polyatomic

    ions and diatomics are allcovalent bonds

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    The ability to conductan electrical current

    CONDUCTIVITY

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    Can we use

    conductivity to

    determine if asubstance is ionic or

    covalent?

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    WHICH IS

    STRONGER?

    Ionic bonds are stronger

    than covalent

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    when electrons aresharedbut shared

    unequally

    POLAR COVALENT

    BONDS

    H2O

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    Example of a Polar Covalent Bond

    An unequal sharing of

    h dro ens electrons

    A dipole caused by the polar covalent bond

    of the water molecule.

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    Unequal sharing creates

    areas of positive andnegative charge on a

    polar compound.

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    O

    H

    x

    Hx

    +

    +

    -2

    DipoleMoment

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    Structure of Soap

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    The slight

    differences

    in charge

    bond water

    molecules

    together(H-Bonding)

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    HOMEWORKDo problems 3-4 on page306 of the text.

    Pg. 304 #1,2

    C l t L i St t M th

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    Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane

    CH4Write Formula:MAKE THE SKELETON!

    C HH

    H

    H

    C l t L i St t M th

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    Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane

    C =

    CH4Write Formula:1) Calculate # of Valence e-:

    (1)(4) = 4

    (4)(1) = 4

    Element = (# of Atoms)(# of Valence e-s)

    H =8 valence e-s

    2) Not an ion

    C l t L i St t M th

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    Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane

    CH4

    3) Place Bonding Pairs

    8 v. e-s

    C HHH

    H4) Complete Ligand Octets

    5) Add left overs

    -8=0

    6) Check for stabilitya. Central Octet?b. 8, OK for Periods 3-7

    C l t L i St t M th

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    Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane

    CH4

    7) Draw the Lewis LINE Structure

    C HH

    H

    H

    C l t L i St t

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    Covalent Lewis Structure:

    Boron Trifluoride

    BF3Write Formula:

    MAKE THE SKELETON!

    B FF

    F

    C l t L i St t

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    Covalent Lewis Structure: Boron Trifluoride

    B =

    BF3Write Formula:1) Calculate # of Valence e-:

    (1)(3) = 3

    (3)(7) = 21

    Element = (# of Atoms)(# of Valence e-s)

    F =24 valence e-s

    2) Not an ion

    C l t L i St t

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    Covalent Lewis Structure: Boron Trifluoride

    BF3

    3) Place Bonding Pairs

    24 v. e-s

    B FF

    F4) Complete Ligand Octets

    5) Add left overs

    -6=18

    6) Check for stabilitya. Central Octet?b. 8, OK for Periods 3-7

    -18=0

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    CARBON BONDS

    Carbon makes LOTS of

    bondsbut never morethan 4

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    Tartrate

    http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~chm2040/cgi-bin/image_eval.cgi?Op=display&Chapter=11&File=shapes&Image=g14f6.gif
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    http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~chm2040/cgi-bin/image_eval.cgi?Op=display&Chapter=11&File=shapes&Image=g14f6.gif
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    Trigonal Planar

    Bent

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    Tetrahedral

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    Tetrahedral

    Bent (2 lone pairs)

    Trigonal Pyramidal

    IONIC COMPOUND

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    IONIC COMPOUND

    substance formed

    when electrons aretransferred between 2

    or more substances

    (making ions)

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    How do you nameionic compounds?

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    How do you writeionic compounds?

    i !

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    Kris Kross Method!

    Ca3As2

    Ca

    2+

    As

    3-

    J t k i k th

    http://aix2.uottawa.ca/~s1539179/ko.gif
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    Just kris kross the

    positive and the

    negative chargesNa1+ Cl1- NaCl

    Pb4+ O2- Pb2O4

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    Which charge

    ALWAYS

    comes first?

    POSITIVE!!!

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    Are yousure?

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    For Polyatomics it gets

    a bit more complex

    Pb4+ SO4

    3- Pb3

    (SO4

    )4

    NH41+ PO4

    3- (NH4)3 PO4