IN THE NAME OF ALLAHIN THE NAME OF ALLAHIN THE NAME OF ALLAHIN THE NAME OF ALLAH

THE MOST KNOWLEDGEABLETHE MOST KNOWLEDGEABLE

YAZD SHAHID SADOUGHI UNIVERSITY

ESM II and ESM II and IIIIII

UNIT ONE Amenable: easily influenced or managed Armamentarium: aggregate (collection) of resources, apparatus ( equipment ) specifically used in the field of medicine Compel: force or constrain Consensus: general agreement Enhance: raise; to make greater Exert: put into action or force Explicate: make clear; to explain fully Implementation: providing with implements; execution In compliance with: in accordance with ( according to ) Reinforce: strengthen Survey: detailed study Undertaking: task; charge; concern

one

Intervene: interfere and prevent sth. happening

Solely: onlyPromote: enhanceConsole: give sympathy or comfort toConvince: give assurance toSession: meetingCessation: stopInvolve: engage

UNIT TWO

Asset: valuable or desirable thing to have Dividend: individual’s share of a sum or quality Elicit: evoke Infirmity: feeble or week state of the body or mind Longevity: condition or quality of being long lived Mediate: convey; communicate Pose: put forth Posture: position of the body in standing or sitting Remediable: that can be healed or cured Safeguard: protect or guard against Vitality: capacity to endure ( tolerate; stand ) and perform function Vulnerable: likely to be injured or hurt Withstand: resist

Two

Well-being: health

Merely: only

Holistic: considering whole or all

Optimal: best or most suitable

Favor (v): support

Far-reaching: extensive

Fulfill: perform; carry out; complete

UNIT THREE

1. Abandon: give up completely2. Affluent: prosperous; rich3. Compensate: pay; counteract4. Confectionery: sweets, chocolates, cakes, etc.5. Deliberate: intentional; willful; conscious6. Detrimental: harmful7. Expenditure: action of spending or using; spending of money8. Ingredient : any of the foods that are combined to make a

particular dish9. Literacy: ability to read and write10. Merchandise: goods for sale11. Pictorial: represented in a picture or pictures 12. Sanitary: free from dirt or substance that may cause disease;

hygienic13. Sedentary: spending a lot of time seated

three Slum: badly- built house, street, alley; overcrowded building Staple: main or principal Tuber: short thick rounded part of an underground stem Urbanization: changing a rural place into a town-like area

Unprecedented: never having happened or been done before Better off: rich; well–to–do Status: (2) a high social position Live off their land: use their agricultural products for their food needs Adopt: approve and accept Implication: …to say that sth is done wrong or illegally Staple: main; main product Per capita: per person Peasant: rural Derive from: get; obtain Elite: a small group of people who are powerful and important

UNIT FOUR Epilepsy: transient disturbances of brain function that may be

manifested as episodic impairment or loss of consciousness Febrile: feverish or characterized by fever Hypocalcemia: reduction of the blood calcium below normal Junction: place of meeting or coming together Lactation: period of the secretion of milk Seizure: sudden, violent involuntary series of contractions of a group of

muscles that may be paroxysmal or episodic Abundance: quality that is more than enough; plenty Compliance: obedience; tendency to agree Consultation: meeting for advice, information, opinion, etc Gloomy: dark or unlighted; depressing or frightening

four Manifest: showing something clearly Milestone: heavy burden or responsibility Prominent: easily seen; conspicuous; distinguished or important Retardation: backwardness in physical or mental development Spell: period of time; period of activity or duty Supplement: thing added to something else to improve or complete it Toddler: child who has only recently learned to walk Margin: side Breast-feed: to feed a baby with milk from the breasts Costochondral: related to rib and its cartilage Electroencephalogram: a graphic chart of the brain cells

UNIT FIVE

Atherogenesis: formation of atheromatous leisions in the arterial tissue Emphysema: pathological accumulation [gathering] of air in tissues of

organs

( the lungs have been permanently overinflated) Exertion: great effort Osteoporosis: abnormal rarefaction of bone, seen most commonly in the

elderly [ rarefy: make or become less dense]

Addiction: condition of taking drugs, etc. habitually and being unable to do so without suffering adverse effects

Adverse: not favourable; contrary Aerobic: energetic physical exercises done in order to increase the amount

of oxygen taken into the body

Five

Conclusive: convincing; ending doubt Contemporary: belonging to the same time Deterioration: becoming worse in quality or condition [aggrevation] Facet: aspect of a situation or problem Sedentariness: spending a lot of time seated

Advocate: support Excellence: being extremely good Debility: lack of ability Jog: run slowly eg. for exercise Conductor: ticket collector Distinguished: prominent; important Leisure – time: free time Contemporary: at the same time Exhaustion: tiredness Set in: start

SIX Purview: scope; range Discipline: field of study Tie: connection Retreat: draw back Protean: variable; versatile; taking many forms Unique: having no like or equal or parallel Professional: not amateur

EIGHT Viable: alive Components: parts Backbone: base; foundation Justify: to give an acceptable explanation though other people consider it as unreasonable Preserve: keep safe (from decay, danger, etc.) Appropriate: suitable Coagulate: change to a thick & solid state (of liquids) Shelf life: the length of time a product will last…while being kept in a

shop Donor: ≠ receiver Impair: damage Apheresis: any procedure in which blood is withdrawn from a donor, a portion is

separated & the remainder is retransfused to the donar

UNIT NINE

UNIT 21 Some other words

Aspirate: draw (fluid) from a vessel / cavity Afflict: distress; hurt; trouble Tend to: incline Tendency: inclination Susceptibility: sensitivity Account for: give a reason for something that has happened Proliferate: to rapidly increase in number Destruction: ≠ construction Erosive: ( f. Erode = eat away; wear out; destroy gradually) Profound: deep; Onset: beginning

ESM III

In the Name of Allah, the Most

Merciful

Unit Two (Book III)

Onset: beginning Mimic: copy Transient: temporary Monocular: related to one eye Infarct: an area of coagulation necrosis in a tissue due to local ischemia Despite: in spite of Cerebral: related to the brain Deficit: failure Confirm: approve Sparing: failure; disability Clumsy: awkward; ill – shaped Contraceptive: prevents conception / pregnancy On the spot: immediately Merit: deserve

UNIT 10 (Book III) Annual: yearly Recur: return ( a disease, …) Impact: effect, influence Exceed: go beyond the limit Procedure: method Gain access: reach Via: through Percutaneous: through the skin Extracorporeal: situated outside of the body Rigid: precise Graduated: scaled Approximately: nearly Invasion: the attack or onset of a disease Struvite calculus: urinary calculus composed of very pure ammoniomagnasium phosphate

Unit 18 (Book III) Senescence: aging Decline: reduction Competence: potential ability Inevitable: unavoidable Facilities: centers Overwhelm: defeat; overcome Alter: change Subtle: sensitive Intuition: quick insight; knowledge & conviction Infiltrate: material deposited by infiltration Specimen: a portion/ quantity of material for testing/ examination etc. Rigor: stiffness

UNIT 21 (BOOK III) Poignance: state of feeling sad