IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones...

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IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

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Transcript of IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones...

Page 1: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

Page 2: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Human Anatomy

http://www.feebleminds-gifs.com/skeltw2.gif
Page 3: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Facial Bones with glasses onFacial Bones with glasses on

Page 4: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

The Skull

• 22 bones joined together by sutures

• Cranial bones surround cranial cavity– 8 bones

• Facial bones support teeth & form nasal cavity & orbit– 14 bones

Page 5: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.
Page 6: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.
Page 7: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

• The skull is divided into two parts:

1. Neurocranium- which forms a protective case or “vault” around the brain

2. Viscerocranium- which forms the anterior part of the skull including the orbits, nasal cavities

and upper/lower jaw bones

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

Page 8: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Frontal coronal suture Parietal

SphenoidTemporal

Occipital

Page 9: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Mandible

maxilla

Nasal

Inferior Nasalconchae

Vomer

Lacrimal

Zygomatic

Inferior NasalConchae

Vomer Mandible

Maxilla

Nasal

Page 10: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Skull = Cranium + Mandible

Neurocranium (8):-Frontal (پيشانی)

-Parietal(2)(آهيانه) -Temporal (2)(گيجگاهی)

-Occipital( (پسسری -Sphenoid( ای (پروانه

-Ethmoid(پرويزنی)

Facial skeleton (Viscerocranium) (14): -Lacrimal (2)(اشکی)

-Nasal (2)(بينی) -Maxillae (2)( باال (فک -Zygomatic (2)( گونه

(ای -Palatine (2)(کامی) -Inferior nasal

conchae (2)( شاخکبينی (پايينی

-Mandible (1)( فک(پايين

-Vomer (1) ( بينی (تيغه

Calva, Calvarium

Cranium ~Neurocranium

Page 11: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Frontal Bone

• Forms forehead and part of the roof of the cranium

• Forms roof of the orbit• Contains frontal sinus

Page 12: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Parietal Bone

• Forms cranial roof and part of its lateral walls

• Bordered by 4 sutures– coronal, sagittal, lambdoid

and squamous

• Marked by temporal lines of temporalis muscleTemporal lines

Page 13: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Temporal Bone

• Forms lateral wall & part of floor of cranial cavity– squamous part

• zygomatic process

• mandibular fossa & TMJ

– tympanic part• external auditory meatus

• styloid process

– mastoid part• mastoid process

• mastoid notch– digastric muscle

Page 14: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone

• Forms part of cranial floor– separates middle from

posterior cranial fossa

• Houses middle and inner ear cavities

Page 15: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Openings in Temporal Bone

Page 16: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.
Page 17: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Occipital Bone

• Foramen magnum holds spinal cord

• occipital condyles

Page 18: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Dr Namavar 18

Sphenoid = = ای پره شب ای پروانه

Page 19: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Sphenoid Bone

• Lesser wing

• Greater wing

• Body of sphenoid

• Medial and lateral pterygoid processes

Page 20: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Sphenoid Bone

• Body of the sphenoid– sella turcica contains deep

pit (hypophyseal fossa)

– houses pituitary gland

• Lesser wing– optic foramen contains optic

nerve & ophthalmic a.

Page 21: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Sphenoid Bone

• Sphenoid sinus

Page 22: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.
Page 23: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Ethmoid Bone

• Between the orbital cavities• Forms lateral walls and roof of nasal

cavity• Cribriform plate & crista galli• Ethmoid air cells form ethmoid sinus• Perpendicular plate forms part of

nasal septum• Concha or turbinates on lateral wall

Page 24: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.
Page 25: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Ethmoid Bone

• Superior & middle concha• Perpendicular plate of nasal

septum

Page 26: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Maxillary Bones• Forms upper jaw

– alveolar processes are bony pointsbetween teeth

– alveolar sockets hold teeth

• Forms inferomedial wall of orbit– infraorbital foramen

• Forms anterior 2/3’sof hard palate– incisive foramen– cleft palate

Page 27: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Locations of Paranasal Sinuses

• Maxillary sinus fills maxillae bone• Other bones containing sinuses are frontal, ethmoid &

sphenoid.

EthmoidMaxillarySphenoid

Frontal

Page 28: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Paranasal SinusesParanasal Sinuses

Slide 5.25b

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

o Functions of paranasal sinusesoLighten the skulloGive resonance and amplification to voice

Figure 5.10

Page 29: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

SINUSE

Page 30: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Palatine Bones

• L-shaped bone• Posterior 1/3 of the hard

palate • Part of lateral nasal wall• Part of the orbital floor

Page 31: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Zygomatic Bones

• Forms angles of the cheekbones and part of lateral orbital wall

• Zygomatic arch is formed from zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone

Page 32: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Lacrimal Bones

• Form part of medial wall of each orbit

• Lacrimal fossa houses lacrimal sac in life

Page 33: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Nasal Bones

• Forms bridge of nose and supports cartilages of nose

• Often fractured by blow to the nose

Page 34: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Inferior Nasal Conchae

• A separate bone

Page 35: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Vomer

• Inferior half of the nasal septum

• Supports cartilage of nasal septum

Page 36: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Mandible• Only bone of the skull that can move

– jaw joint formed between mandibular fossaof temporal bone & condyloid process

• Holds the lower teeth• Attachment of muscles of mastication

– temporalis muscle onto coronoid process

– masseter muscle onto angle of mandible

• Mandibular foramen• Mental foramen

Page 37: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.
Page 38: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

• Auditory ossicles– malleus– incus– stapes

• Hyoid bone– suspended from styloid

process of skull by stylohyoid muscle and ligament

– greater & lesser cornua

Bones Associated With the Skull

Page 39: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Major Skull Cavities

• Cranial cavity holds brain• Orbit contains eyeball &

extraocular muscles• Ethmoid sinus• Nasal cavity• Maxillary sinus• Oral cavity

Page 40: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Cranial Fossa

• 3 basins that comprise the cranial floor or base– Anterior cranial fossa

– Middle cranial fossa

– Posterior cranial fossa

Page 41: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

The Skull in Infancy & Childhood

• Spaces between unfused skull bones called fontanelles– filled with fibrous membrane

– allow shifting of bones during birth & growth of brain in infancy

• 2 frontalle bones fuse by age six– metopic suture

Page 42: IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

Cranial Nerves I = Olfactory: بويايی II = Optic: بينايی III = Oculomotor: چشم محرکه IV = Trochlear: ای قرقره V = Trigeminal: قلو Ophthalmic,Maxillary, Mandibularسه VI = Abducent: اشتياقی VII = Facial: ای چهره صورتی، VIII = Cochleovestibular: - تعادلی- شنوايی دهليزی، حلزونی IX = Glossopharyngeal: -حلقی زبانی X = Vagus: - معدی ريوی مبهم، واگ، XI = Spinal accessory: نخاعی فرعی XII = Hypoglossal: زيرزبانی


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