Does Size Matter? Investigating the impact of mobile phone screen size
In Technology Size Does Matter
-
Upload
leandra-buchanan -
Category
Documents
-
view
22 -
download
0
description
Transcript of In Technology Size Does Matter
![Page 1: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
In Technology Size Does Matter
In the world of Microchip design and fabrication the industry is constantly pushing for smaller, more viable structures.
Bradley Smrstick
Physics Teacher
TBT HS 2003
![Page 2: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
In Technology the Atom is big.
They are fast approaching atomic sized structures where silicon is the pallet, thin film growth is the process and the atom is the paint.
![Page 3: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
When smaller is better.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a way to produce microscopic pipes capable of transporting fluids in a 3D lattice structure on the order of 10-6 meters.
![Page 4: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Applications in Technology
R&D Magazine reports significant implementation of this technology taking place at;
IBM Infineon TechnologiesMetriGenix & AffymetrixBioRad LaboratoriesUniversity of Illinois
![Page 6: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
In the beginning...
All microchips share the same origin. pure clean silicon wafer.
![Page 7: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Processes...
There are actually many different processes used to create a layer.Each method has its pros & cons. The two major methods used are Thin film deposition Thin film growth
![Page 8: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The deposition process...
Thin film deposition involves a process whereby a layer (thin film) is actually deposited on the surface of the silicon.
![Page 9: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The growth process...
Thin film growth involves a process whereby a layer (thin film) is actually grown on the surface of the silicon.
![Page 10: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Both processes ...
This will likely involve a combination of many processes including chemical physical thermodynamic
![Page 11: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
From start to finish
In the image to the right a wafer is shown in three states.
Oxidized BareComplete
![Page 12: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Transistor
It takes as many as 300-400 steps to make a Pentium (CMOS)!
![Page 13: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Big Picture
![Page 14: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
(A,B) It all starts with a wafer.
![Page 15: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
C) Dielectric Deposition
![Page 16: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Chemical Vapor Deposition
CVD
![Page 17: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
D) Photolithography
![Page 18: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Exit to the Masking Process
This process is repeated to generate as many masks as are necessary to complete the microchip in advance of the production phase.They are then saved and loaded into an automated device that will properly place and change the masks where necessary in the process.
![Page 19: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Masking Process
![Page 20: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1) Mask Pattern Generation
![Page 21: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2) Mask Etching
![Page 22: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3) Mask Inspection
![Page 23: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Return from the Masking Process
Continue the process...
![Page 24: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
E) Etching
![Page 25: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
F) Wafer Cleaning
![Page 26: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
G) Ion Implantation
![Page 27: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
H) Rapid Thermal Processing
![Page 28: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
That is only one cycle...
This process repeats many times...
![Page 29: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Return for the Next Dielectric Deposition
This cycle continues until...
![Page 30: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The patterning is complete.
It is time to exit this part of the cycle...
![Page 31: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Metrology and Inspection
Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)
![Page 32: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Metrology and Inspection
Many computer aided inspections are necessary
![Page 33: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
What is next?
How can we use this chip?
![Page 34: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
I) We begin a second cycle...
The Copper Interconnect Cycle
![Page 35: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Big Picture
![Page 36: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
K) Etching again...
![Page 37: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
L) Metal Deposition
![Page 38: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
M) Electroplating
![Page 39: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
N) Chemical Polishing CMP
![Page 40: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Is the Process complete?
If not continue to step I...
![Page 41: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
I) Continue with the deposition
This may continue many times...
![Page 42: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
When the process is finally complete?
Exit the Copper Interconnect Cycle
![Page 43: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
The Big Picture
![Page 44: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Applications in Technology
These and other related technologies are being implemented in toady's high technology laboratories today according to R&D Magazine as recently as in the April and May issues from 2003.
![Page 45: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Innovation is Key
At IBM the introduction of truly NEW Technologies is a high priority.This lead to the inception of thin polymer films with applications including LCD enhancement, polarizers and reflectors to improve monitor performance characteristics
![Page 46: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Saving time is essential.
At MetriGenix a Flow-Thru biochip system has been developed that allows researchers to simultaneously analyze the reaction of up to 400 known genes to a specific substance.
![Page 49: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Saving time is essential.
Using the 4D Array from MetriGenix the scientists at Affymetrix have developed a Gene Chip Scanner that has succeeded in reducing the processing time by a factor of six while requiring significantly less sample and reagent volumes.
![Page 51: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Cost is King!!
If it costs a manufacturer $10,000 to make a 8 inch diameter wafer that contains 200 individual microchips.How much does each microchip cost to produce?How much is each microchip worth in a very competitive microchip market?
![Page 53: In Technology Size Does Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813557550346895d9cbc32/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Acknowledgments
Dr. Drew Hoff USFJoseph D. Hickey USFThe Web authors at http://www.tel.com/eng/Products/spe/chips_made/01.htmlAPPLIED MATERIALS Inc.Lesson Plan