In Countries With Low Birth Rates Thw Impose a Childless Tax on Married Couples

8/10/2019 In Countries With Low Birth Rates Thw Impose a Childless Tax on Married Couples

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In countries with low birth rates, THW impose a childless tax

on married couples

Tax on childlessnessThe tax on childlessness(Russian: ,nalog na bezdetnost) was imposed in

theSoviet Unionand other Communist countries, starting in the 1940s, as part of

theirnatalistpolicies.Joseph Stalin's regime created the tax in order to encourage adult people to

reproduce, thus increasing the number of people and thepopulation of the Soviet Union.The 6%

income tax affected men from the age of 25 to 50, andmarried womenfrom 20 to 45 years of age.[1]

During the Soviet Union, Russia had a higher fertility rate than it did in the years after the fall of the

Soviet Union, prompting some Russian leaders to propose bringing back the tax on

childlessness.[2]According to the Health Ministry, the birth rate coefficient dropped from 2.19 percent

to 1.17 percent in the aftermath of the Soviet Union

Falling fertility ratesTheEuropean Commissionalso raised an alarm bell in a 2005 study, warning European

lawmakers that falling fertility rates - averaging just 1.48, well below the 2.1 rate needed to

maintain the current population - could hurt the region's economy, living standards and

relations between generations. "Modern Europe has never had economic growth without

births," it noted.

"Purely pro-natal policies - giving people a baby bonus if they have more children and so on -

has only a marginal effect," saidMark Pierson,head of the social policy division at the

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, in Paris. "It's not a very effective wayof encouraging fertility. The way you encourage women to have more children is to help them

work more."

FERTILITY RATE, FAMILY POLICIES

FRANCE

Fertility rate: 2.0

Policies: Mothers can take 16 weeks paid maternity leave for the first child and up to 26

weeks for the third. Child care is subsidized, with younger children entitled to full-day child care.

A $1,300 grant is paid at the seventh month of pregnancy. There are train, subway and tax

breaks for families with children, particularly after the third child.

SWEDEN

Fertility rate: 1.85
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union#Population_and_societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union#Population_and_societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union#Population_and_societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_on_childlessness#cite_note-russian_tax-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_on_childlessness#cite_note-russian_tax-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_on_childlessness#cite_note-russian_tax-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_on_childlessness#cite_note-pravda-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_on_childlessness#cite_note-pravda-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_on_childlessness#cite_note-pravda-2http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=property&query=%22European+Commission%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=property&query=%22European+Commission%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=property&query=%22European+Commission%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=property&query=%22Mark+Pierson%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=property&query=%22Mark+Pierson%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=property&query=%22Mark+Pierson%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=property&query=%22Mark+Pierson%22http://www.sfgate.com/search/?action=search&channel=news&inlineLink=1&searchindex=property&query=%22European+Commission%22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_on_childlessness#cite_note-pravda-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_on_childlessness#cite_note-russian_tax-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union#Population_and_societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language


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Policies: Fathers and mothers are entitled to 18 months paid leave from the government.

There is also subsidized child care and flexible work hours to accommodate working families.

GREAT BRITAIN


Policies: In 2007, the government extended paid maternity leave from 26 to 39 weeks. The

measure also allows fathers up to 26 weeks of unpaid paternity leave. But child care remains

expensive, and a 2007 report by Workingmums.com found that 9 out of 10 British mothers said

it was difficult to get a job with enough flexibility when they decided to return to work.

SPAIN


Policies: A historic bias exists against pro-fertility policies. However, the leftist governmentof Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero is encouraging companies to offer child care

facilities and announced last year a grant of nearly $4,000 for babies, replacing the current

grant of $700 for the third child, depending on one's income level.

GERMANY


Policies: The government offers 14 weeks maternity leave and parental leave of up to 36

months - pay is variable. Day care is expensive and scarce - a problem the government is trying

to resolve. No cash incentives for children.

ITALY


Policies: As in Germany, there is a dearth of affordable day care. The government offers a

one-time payment of $1,500 for having children.

Sources: European Union; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; BBC.

Reproductive rights

Reproductive rightsarelegal rightsand freedoms relating toreproductionandreproductive

health.[1]TheWorld Health Organizationdefines reproductive rights as follows:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_righthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_righthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_righthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_rights#cite_note-COOK-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_rights#cite_note-COOK-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_rights#cite_note-COOK-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_rights#cite_note-COOK-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_right


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Reproductive rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide

freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information

and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health.

They also include the right of all to make decisions concerning reproduction free

ofdiscrimination,coercionandviolence.

Countries with low population growth rates

227 Puerto Rico -0.65

228 Estonia -0.68

229 Bulgaria -0.83

230 Saint Pierre and Miquelon -1.02

231 Moldova -1.02

232 Cook Islands -3.00

233 Syria -9.73
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination

In Countries With Low Birth Rates Thw Impose a Childless Tax on Married Couples

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