In collaboration with

In collaboration with

Development of integrated project and financial

management tools in conformity with the 2003 FPA

The Sphere Project

Materials have been drawn from:

The Sphere Project

Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards

in Disaster Response

The goal of this global NGO process is to improve the quality and accountability of disaster response.

For more information consult www.sphereproject.org

Qualitative Qualitative approach : the approach : the “Sphere Project”“Sphere Project”

http://www.sphereproject.org/

Application of Application of SPHERESPHERE


Do applications of the SPHERE Do applications of the SPHERE manual exist in the NGO manual exist in the NGO

projects?projects?

??

ObjectiveObjectiveObjectiveObjective

To familiarize the contents To familiarize the contents and applications of the and applications of the

SPHERE manual in light of SPHERE manual in light of requirements of ECHO and requirements of ECHO and

other donorsother donors

Work phasesWork phasesWork phasesWork phases

A. Survey of SPHERESurvey of SPHERE

B. Contents of SPHERE B. Contents of SPHERE (map of manual)(map of manual)

C. Use of SPHERE C. Use of SPHERE (practical applications)(practical applications)

It is not a manual for management of emergenciesIt is not a manual for management of emergencies

It does not define an unchangeable reference system, It does not define an unchangeable reference system, but minimum standards which garantee the right of but minimum standards which garantee the right of population in emergency situations to live with dignitypopulation in emergency situations to live with dignity

It is a system of ethical-giuridical values (It is a system of ethical-giuridical values (Humanitarian Humanitarian CharterCharter) to which humanitarian agencies comply) to which humanitarian agencies comply

What it isn’t (and what it doesn’t do)What it isn’t (and what it doesn’t do)

What it is (and what it does)What it is (and what it does)It is a manual for the organization of emergencies with the aim It is a manual for the organization of emergencies with the aim to improve the quality of the interventions (increase the efficacy to improve the quality of the interventions (increase the efficacy of humanitarian aid) and strengthen the responsability of of humanitarian aid) and strengthen the responsability of humanitarian agencies (higher control) in relation to:humanitarian agencies (higher control) in relation to:

Local beneficiaries and authorities;Local beneficiaries and authorities;Donors;Donors;Partners and personnel.Partners and personnel.

It is not a static reference system, but the result of a It is not a static reference system, but the result of a process in continuous development (process in continuous development (SPHERE ProjectSPHERE Project))

It is a common language for the application of project It is a common language for the application of project cycles in humanitarian emergenciescycles in humanitarian emergencies

A. Survey of SPHEREA. Survey of SPHEREWhat it What it

isn’tisn’tWhat it isWhat it is

Phase IIPhase II1998 – 20001998 – 2000

Phase I Phase I 1997 – 19981997 – 1998

Phase IIIPhase III2000 – 20042000 – 2004

ObjectiveObjective: to create a language and a reference base : to create a language and a reference base common to the emergency actors.common to the emergency actors.

First edition of SPHEREFirst edition of SPHERE First definition of the First definition of the Humanitarian CharterHumanitarian Charter and and

sectoral sectoral Minimum StandardsMinimum Standards

Objective Objective : improve the quality of humanitarian : improve the quality of humanitarian interventions reinforcing the principle of interventions reinforcing the principle of

accountabilityaccountability.. Insertion themes of protection and raceInsertion themes of protection and race Debates, training, websites and newslettersDebates, training, websites and newsletters 20 agencies to pilot the application20 agencies to pilot the application

Objective Objective : institutionalize the use of manual and : institutionalize the use of manual and strengthen the communicative area.strengthen the communicative area.

Continuation of phase II activityContinuation of phase II activity Strengthen training processesStrengthen training processes External evaluation (in execution)External evaluation (in execution) Concentration in 3 areas (RDC, India e Centr. Am.)Concentration in 3 areas (RDC, India e Centr. Am.) Revision of manual (Nov. 2003 – new edition)Revision of manual (Nov. 2003 – new edition) Institutionalize SPHERE (governments and Institutionalize SPHERE (governments and

donors)donors)

A. Survey of A. Survey of SPHERESPHERE

History History

Adding to and updating the minimum standards, the Adding to and updating the minimum standards, the indicators and guidance notesindicators and guidance notes

Introduction of Food Security (integrated into Introduction of Food Security (integrated into Food Food Security, Nutrition & Food AidSecurity, Nutrition & Food Aid))

Create and strengthen ties between various sectors Create and strengthen ties between various sectors (chapter on standards common to all sectors)(chapter on standards common to all sectors)

Insertion of Insertion of cross cutting issuescross cutting issues: children, eldery, : children, eldery, disabled, women, AIDS, environment, human rights, disabled, women, AIDS, environment, human rights, protectionprotection

Creation of instruments to create a communicative Creation of instruments to create a communicative arenaarena

Major attention to vulnerable groupsMajor attention to vulnerable groups

Strengthen ties between human rights, legal Strengthen ties between human rights, legal instruments and technical chapters – instruments and technical chapters – advocacy advocacy instrumentinstrument

A. Survey of A. Survey of SPHERESPHERE

Revision of Revision of manualmanual

SPHERE as SPHERE as processprocess

Aim of Aim of revisionrevision

Constant work of updating and comparisonConstant work of updating and comparison

Creation of 6 focal points (specialists and experts in Creation of 6 focal points (specialists and experts in sectors)sectors)

Possibility of participating in the revision via internetPossibility of participating in the revision via internet

Finish the process in November 2003Finish the process in November 2003



How much importance is given How much importance is given to the use of SPHERE in the to the use of SPHERE in the NGO projects, requirement NGO projects, requirement

expressed in the rules of ECHO expressed in the rules of ECHO and the official documents of and the official documents of

many donors?many donors?

??

WIDELY DIFFUSEDWIDELY DIFFUSED(diffusion of manual & institutionalization)(diffusion of manual & institutionalization)

IMPORTANCE FOR NGOIMPORTANCE FOR NGO(qualitative approach & responds to donors requirements)(qualitative approach & responds to donors requirements)

IMPORTANCE FOR ECHOIMPORTANCE FOR ECHO(qualitative approach and control of standards)(qualitative approach and control of standards)

DAC, VOICE, government institutionsDAC, VOICE, government institutions

UN Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), OCHAUN Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), OCHA

20 organizations in “pilot agency” group20 organizations in “pilot agency” group

A. importance A. importance SPHERESPHERE

Why it is Why it is importantimportant

ECHO ECHO levellevel

Institutional Institutional levellevel

NGONGOlevellevel

QUALITY PARTNERSHIPQUALITY PARTNERSHIP AND INTRODUCTION OF PCM AND INTRODUCTION OF PCM

INDICATIONS NEW FPA – attention to performance INDICATIONS NEW FPA – attention to performance indicatorsindicators

FINANCING OF SPHERE BY ECHOFINANCING OF SPHERE BY ECHO

SPHERE as an operative instrumentSPHERE as an operative instrument

Demonstrates “KNOW HOW”Demonstrates “KNOW HOW”

To make its work monitorable and evaluableTo make its work monitorable and evaluable

B. Contents of B. Contents of SPHERESPHERE

Manual Manual indexindex

1. What is SPHERE (how and when to use the 1. What is SPHERE (how and when to use the manual)manual)2. Standards and indicators, vulnerability factors2. Standards and indicators, vulnerability factors

ObjectiveObjective: : introduce manual to readerintroduce manual to reader

1. 1. Fundamental humanitarian principles (ethical Fundamental humanitarian principles (ethical bases)bases)2. 2. Rules and responsabilities (compliance to Rules and responsabilities (compliance to principles)principles)3. 3. Minimum Standards (compliance to standards)Minimum Standards (compliance to standards)

4. 4. Sources (legal instruments)Sources (legal instruments)

Objective Objective : compliance of the reader to the moral : compliance of the reader to the moral reference framework of the humanitarian reference framework of the humanitarian interventionsinterventions

IntroductionIntroduction

Part II – Part II – Minimum Minimum StandardsStandards

Part I – Part I – Humanitarian Humanitarian

CharterCharter

1. Standard common to all sectors1. Standard common to all sectors

2. Minimum Standard 2. Minimum Standard Water Supply, Sanitation e Water Supply, Sanitation e HygieneHygiene3. Minimum Standard 3. Minimum Standard Food Security, Nutrition e Food Security, Nutrition e Food AidFood Aid4. Minimum Standard 4. Minimum Standard Shelter,Settlement,Non-foodShelter,Settlement,Non-food itemsitems5. Minimum Standard 5. Minimum Standard Health ServicesHealth Services

Objective Objective : knowledge of SPHERE reference system: knowledge of SPHERE reference system


Chapter “Chapter “Standards Standards common to all common to all

sectorssectors””

1. Participation 1. Participation

2. Initial Assessment2. Initial Assessment

3. Response 3. Response

4. Targeting4. Targeting

5. Monitoring5. Monitoring

6. Evaluation 6. Evaluation

7. Worker competencies and responsabilities7. Worker competencies and responsabilities

8. Supervision, management and support of 8. Supervision, management and support of personnelpersonnel

Common Common StandardStandard

No technical No technical intervention may intervention may

be carried out be carried out without keeping without keeping

in mind these in mind these common common

standardsstandards


Standards Standards common to common to

program cyclesprogram cycles

Common Standard 6: Common Standard 6: EvaluationEvaluation

There is a systematic & There is a systematic & impartial examination of impartial examination of humanitarian action, humanitarian action, intended to draw lessons intended to draw lessons to improve practice and to improve practice and policy and to enhance policy and to enhance accountability.accountability.

Common Standard 5: Common Standard 5: MonitoringMonitoring

The effectiveness of the The effectiveness of the program in responding to program in responding to problems is identified and problems is identified and changes in the broader context changes in the broader context are continually monitored, with are continually monitored, with a view to improving the a view to improving the program, or to phasing it out program, or to phasing it out as required.as required.

Common Standard 7-8: Common Standard 7-8: Worker competencies Worker competencies and management & and management & supportsupport

Common Standard 4: Common Standard 4: TargetingTargeting

Humanitarian assistance or Humanitarian assistance or services are provided services are provided

equitably and impartially, equitably and impartially, based on the vulnerability based on the vulnerability and needs of individuals or and needs of individuals or groups affected by disaster.groups affected by disaster.

Common Standard 1: Common Standard 1: ParticipationParticipation

The distaster-affected The distaster-affected population actively population actively participates in the participates in the

assessment, design, assessment, design, implementation, monitoring implementation, monitoring

and evaluation of the and evaluation of the assistance program.assistance program.Common Standard Common Standard

2: 2: Initial Initial AssessmentAssessment

AssesmentsAssesments provide an provide an understanding of the understanding of the

disaster situation and a disaster situation and a clear analysis of needs to clear analysis of needs to

determine the necessity determine the necessity of an intervention and its of an intervention and its

nature.nature.

Common Standard 3: Common Standard 3: ResponseResponse

A humanitarian response is A humanitarian response is required in situations where required in situations where the relevant authorities are the relevant authorities are

unable and/or unwilling to unable and/or unwilling to respond.respond.


Ex. of detailed index for Ex. of detailed index for sector sector Chapter “Chapter “Water Water

Supply, Sanitation e Hygiene Supply, Sanitation e Hygiene PromotionPromotion””

1. Links to international legal instruments1. Links to international legal instruments

2. Importance of the chapter during emergency2. Importance of the chapter during emergency

3. Links to other chapters3. Links to other chapters

4. Links to common standards with other 4. Links to common standards with other sectorssectors

1. Hygiene promotion (community)1. Hygiene promotion (community) Minimum StandardMinimum Standard Key indicatorsKey indicators Guidance notesGuidance notes

2. Water supply system2. Water supply system

3. Excreta disposal3. Excreta disposal

4. Vector control (disease carriers)4. Vector control (disease carriers)

5. Vulnerable categories (analysis principles)5. Vulnerable categories (analysis principles)

5. Solid waste management5. Solid waste management

6. Drainage6. Drainage

1. Check-list and technical forms1. Check-list and technical forms

2. Various examples and typical forms2. Various examples and typical forms

3. Bibliography3. Bibliography

IntroductionIntroduction

Enclosures Enclosures

Minimum Minimum StandardStandard

Application Application of SPHERE of SPHERE

manualmanual

Application Application of SPHERE of SPHERE

manualmanual

TerminologyTerminologyTerminologyTerminology

StandardStandard

General statements which General statements which define minimum levels to define minimum levels to

be reached in various be reached in various sectorssectors

Qualitative statementsQualitative statements Universal statements and applicable in all Universal statements and applicable in all

contextscontexts Statements based on the principle that all Statements based on the principle that all

populations have the right to live with populations have the right to live with dignitydignity

Example Example Example Example

Water Supply Standard 1: Water Supply Standard 1:

Access and water quantityAccess and water quantity

““All people have safe and equitable access to a All people have safe and equitable access to a sufficient quantity of water for drinking, sufficient quantity of water for drinking,

cooking and personal and domestic hygiene. cooking and personal and domestic hygiene. Public water points are sufficiently close to Public water points are sufficiently close to households to enable use of the minimum households to enable use of the minimum

water requirement”water requirement”


IndicatorsIndicators

““Thresholds” which Thresholds” which demonstrate if and how demonstrate if and how standards are reachedstandards are reached

Quantitative and qualitative indicators (units of Quantitative and qualitative indicators (units of measure of a standard)measure of a standard)

Universal indicators appliable in all contextsUniversal indicators appliable in all contexts Indicators which measure and communicate the Indicators which measure and communicate the

impact (or result) obtained in addition to impact (or result) obtained in addition to evaluating the processes and methods usedevaluating the processes and methods used



Key indicators (selection)Key indicators (selection) Average water use for drinking, cooking & personal Average water use for drinking, cooking & personal

hygiene in households = at least 15 liters/person/dayhygiene in households = at least 15 liters/person/day Maximum distance from any household to nearest Maximum distance from any household to nearest

water point = 500 meterswater point = 500 meters Queuing time at water source no more than 15 minutesQueuing time at water source no more than 15 minutes Water sources and systems are mainteined such that Water sources and systems are mainteined such that

appropriate quantities of water are available in a appropriate quantities of water are available in a regular basisregular basis

It takes no more than 3 minutes to fill a 20 liter It takes no more than 3 minutes to fill a 20 liter containercontainer


Guidance notesGuidance notes

Help to use the standards and indicators Help to use the standards and indicators correctly with respect to the context; correctly with respect to the context;

offer advice on priority issues and offer advice on priority issues and describe dilemmas, controversies or gaps describe dilemmas, controversies or gaps

in current knowledgein current knowledge

They can refer to one or more indicatorsThey can refer to one or more indicators They permit the evaluation of practical difficultiesThey permit the evaluation of practical difficulties



Guidance notes (selection)Guidance notes (selection)

Needs: Needs: “The quantity of water needed for “The quantity of water needed for domestic use may vary according to the climate, domestic use may vary according to the climate, sanitation facilities available, people’s normal sanitation facilities available, people’s normal habits, their religious and cultural practices habits, their religious and cultural practices etc…”.etc…”. Table follows. Table follows.

Quantity and quality: Quantity and quality: “Until minimum standards “Until minimum standards for both quantity and quality are met, the priority for both quantity and quality are met, the priority should be to provide equitable access to an should be to provide equitable access to an adeguate quantity of water that meets minimum adeguate quantity of water that meets minimum quality standard”.quality standard”.

Application of Application of standards and standards and

indicatorsindicators

Application of Application of standards and standards and


How are standards, indicators and guidance notes actually used ?

In which phases work can the procedures defined by SPHERE be applied ?

??

KEY KEY INDICATORINDICATOR

SS

STANDARD STANDARD 22

GUIDANCE GUIDANCE NOTESNOTES

Personal hygiene:Personal hygiene: Each family shall access to a sufficient quantity of soap and other Each family shall access to a sufficient quantity of soap and other

products to ensure personel hygiene, dignity & well-being.products to ensure personel hygiene, dignity & well-being.

Indicators (selection):Indicators (selection):1.1. Each person has access to 250 g bathing soap per monthEach person has access to 250 g bathing soap per month2.2. Each person has access to 200g laundry soap per monthEach person has access to 200g laundry soap per month3.3. Women and girls have sanitary materials for menstruationWomen and girls have sanitary materials for menstruation4.4. Infants and children up to 2 years old have 12 washable diapersInfants and children up to 2 years old have 12 washable diapers5.5. Additional items essential for ensuring personal hygiene, dignity Additional items essential for ensuring personal hygiene, dignity

and well-being can be accessedand well-being can be accessed

Guidance notes (selection):1, 2. Existing cultural practices and familiar products should be

assessed in specifying items supplied. Avoid specifying products not appropriate and substitute products in relation to traditional use (ex. Ashes or sand instead of laundry soap). Additional supplies should be provided in special cases (ex. Incontinence, HIV, diarrhoea, eldery, disabled, etc…)

3. Women and girls should have appropriate material for menstruation. Women should be involved in making choices (se also Excreta disposal standard 2, note 4);

5. Per person/per month: 75ml/100g toothpaste, 1 toothbrush, 250ml shampoo, 250ml baby lotion, 1 razor (men);Per household: 1 hairbrush or comb, 1 nail clippers.

C. SPHERE in useC. SPHERE in useEx. Non-food Ex. Non-food

items items

Chapter “Shelter”Chapter “Shelter”


SS

STANDARD STANDARD 5 5

““MonitoringMonitoring””


Monitoring:Monitoring: The effectiveness of the program in responding to problems is identified The effectiveness of the program in responding to problems is identified

and changes in the broader context are continually monitored, with a and changes in the broader context are continually monitored, with a view to improving the programview to improving the program

Indicators (selection):Indicators (selection):1.1. The information collected for monitoring is timely and useful, it is The information collected for monitoring is timely and useful, it is

recorded and analysed in an accurate manner and informs the recorded and analysed in an accurate manner and informs the ongoing program.ongoing program.

2.2. Systems are in place to ensure regular collection of information and Systems are in place to ensure regular collection of information and to identify whether the indicators for each standard are being met.to identify whether the indicators for each standard are being met.

3.3. Women, men, children from all affected groups are regularly Women, men, children from all affected groups are regularly consulted and involved in monitoring activities.consulted and involved in monitoring activities.

Guidance note (selection):1, 2. Keep information updated and limited directly to the program.

Concentrate on the following areas: health statistics, access to water, its quality & consuption, use of toilets & latrines, etc….

3. Keep in mind local cultural practices especially regarding women. People able to collect information from all groups in a culturally acceptable manner should be included.

C. SPHERE in useC. SPHERE in use

Ex. Common Ex. Common standards standards

Chapter “Standards Chapter “Standards

common to all sectors”common to all sectors”


SS



Clinical servicesClinical servicespeople have access to clinical services that are standardized people have access to clinical services that are standardized & follow accepted protocols and guidelines.& follow accepted protocols and guidelines.

Indicators (selection):Indicators (selection):1.1. The number, the level, and location of health facilities are The number, the level, and location of health facilities are

appropriate to meet the needs of the population.appropriate to meet the needs of the population.2.2. A standardized essential drug list is established by the lead A standardized essential drug list is established by the lead

health authority and adhered to by health agencies. health authority and adhered to by health agencies.

Guidance notes (selection):1. a) community level: 1 community health worker per 500-1000

population, 1 birth attendant per 2000 population, 1 supervisor per 10 home visitors, 1 senior supervisorb) peripheral health facility (ca. 10.000 population): 2 to 5 staff, minimum 1 qualified health operator, etc…c) central health facility (ca. 50.000 population): minimum 5 qualified health operators, etc…d) hospital: at least 1 doctor with surgical skills, etc…

2. Occasionally, alterations to established national protocols & drug lists may be necessary, e.g. if there is evidence of resistance to recommended antibiotics or anti-malarial agents. If protocols and/or essential drug lists do not exist, guidelines established by WHO or UNHCR should be followed, eg. New Emergency Health Kit.


Ex. Ex. Clinical Clinical

Service Service

Chapter Chapter “Health”“Health”


SS



Design and constructionDesign and constructionconditions of heat, fresh air and privacy are garanteed. The design of conditions of heat, fresh air and privacy are garanteed. The design of the shelter and the materials used are familiar, local shelter the shelter and the materials used are familiar, local shelter initiatives and locally sourced materials and labour are respectedinitiatives and locally sourced materials and labour are respected

Selection of indicators:Selection of indicators:1.1. The beneficiaries participate in the definition, planning and The beneficiaries participate in the definition, planning and

construction of the shelters.construction of the shelters.2.2. The benficiaries may mantain and upgrade te shelters using locally The benficiaries may mantain and upgrade te shelters using locally

sourced material.sourced material.3.3. Attention is given to problems connected to water, sanitation, Attention is given to problems connected to water, sanitation,

drainage and waste management.drainage and waste management.

Selection of Guidance notes:Selection of Guidance notes:1.1. Ways to involve benficiaries and vulnerable categories; Ways to involve benficiaries and vulnerable categories;2.2. Possibility for maintenance and upgrading of shelters; Possibility for maintenance and upgrading of shelters;3.3. Attention to problems mentioned. Attention to problems mentioned.

C. SPHERE in useC. SPHERE in useEx. Shelter Ex. Shelter

Chapter Chapter “Shelter”“Shelter”

C. SPHERE in useC. SPHERE in useSPHERE SPHERE

and the and the LogframeLogframe

NarrativeNarrative IOVIOV Sources of Sources of VerificatioVerificatio

n n

Risks and Risks and assumptioassumptio

nsns

General General objectivesobjectives

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

Specific Specific objectiveobjective

1.1.

Expected Expected resultsresults

1.1.1.1.

1.2.1.2.

Activity Activity 1.1.1.1.1.1.

1.1.2.1.1.2.

1.2.1.1.2.1.Guidance notesGuidance notes

IndicatorsIndicators

CharterCharter

Charter and Charter and StandardStandard


Ex. of logframe Ex. of logframe with SPHERE with SPHERE

indicators indicators (from (from OXFAM)OXFAM)

NarrativeNarrative IOVIOV Sources of Sources of VerificationVerification

Risks and Risks and assumptioassumptio

nn

General General objectiveobjectivess

Contribute to improve Contribute to improve health conditions of health conditions of refugees and local refugees and local inhabitantsinhabitants

Improvement % of Improvement % of the main health the main health indicatorsindicators

• statistic statistic information information collected by WHOcollected by WHO

Specific Specific objectiveobjectivess

Level of water Level of water connected disease in connected disease in 8.000 refugees and 8.000 refugees and 20.000 local 20.000 local inhabitants reduced to inhabitants reduced to pre-war levelspre-war levels

• decrease in decrease in water-connected water-connected disease by 20% disease by 20% within 6 monthswithin 6 months

• SurveySurvey•Interim evaluation.Interim evaluation.• Final evaluationFinal evaluation

Expected Expected resultsresults

1. Within 6 months 1. Within 6 months 8.000 refugees will 8.000 refugees will have adeguate, have adeguate, appropriate and safe appropriate and safe hygienic serviceshygienic services

• women may women may safely use safely use hygienic servicehygienic service• 400 latrines 400 latrines appropriately appropriately constructed/usedconstructed/used• minimum minimum distance of 50 distance of 50 meters between meters between household and household and latrineslatrines

• latrine monitoring latrine monitoring recordrecord• Focus GroupFocus Group : : womenwomen

Activity Activity 1.1.1. Consultation with women to identify suitable sites for 1.1.1. Consultation with women to identify suitable sites for hygienic serviceshygienic services

1.1.2. Construction of 400 1.1.2. Construction of 400 gender-segregatedgender-segregated latrines conforming latrines conforming to international standardsto international standards

1.1.3. Training and equipping 40 people responsible for latrines1.1.3. Training and equipping 40 people responsible for latrines

[…][…]

Charter

Charter

Standar

StandarddIndicator

Indicatorss

Indicators

Indicators

and and

guidance

guidance

notes

notes

IndicatorsIndicators Source of Source of VerificatioVerificatio

n n

FrequencFrequency of data y of data collectiocollectio

nn

Person in Person in chargecharge

Reporting Reporting systemsystem

Decision Decision making making processprocess

Average Average availability availability of water = of water = at least 15 l at least 15 l /person/day/person/day

Monitoring Monitoring record record

Daily Daily Person Person responsible responsible for water for water pointspoints

Visit by Visit by engineer engineer every 3 every 3 daysdays

Weekly Weekly team team meetingmeeting

Water Water quality = quality = internationinternational al standardsstandards

Water Water quality quality analysisanalysis

weeklyweekly Hydraulic Hydraulic engineerengineer


Immediate Immediate interventiointervention in case of n in case of irregular irregular standardsstandards

Women Women have safe have safe access to access to toiletstoilets

Record of Record of latrine latrine monitoringmonitoring

Focus Group Focus Group with womenwith women

dailydaily

monthlymonthly

Person Person responsible responsible for latrinesfor latrines

PMPM

Weekly PM Weekly PM monitoring monitoring visitvisit


C. SPHERE C. SPHERE in use in use

How to How to monitor monitor


C. SPHEREC. SPHERE in usein use

Use of indicator Use of indicator

“each person shall “each person shall have access to 250 g have access to 250 g

soap per month”soap per month”

Garantees monitoring Garantees monitoring elements and elements and

evaluation, redefining evaluation, redefining the operation as the operation as

required. Makes the required. Makes the NGO responsible for its NGO responsible for its

operationoperation

Orientates the defined Orientates the defined quantity appropriately quantity appropriately following indications in following indications in the guidance notes and the guidance notes and helps plan distribution helps plan distribution

efficiently.efficiently.

Garantees efficient Garantees efficient monitoringmonitoring

Draws up an appropriate Draws up an appropriate budget and plans for any budget and plans for any

unforeseen events unforeseen events following precise following precise

quantificationquantification

Helps to make an Helps to make an estimation of the cost of estimation of the cost of the operation in relation the operation in relation

to the number of to the number of beneficiaries to cover with beneficiaries to cover with

the interventionthe intervention

Verifies the necessity Verifies the necessity on the basis of on the basis of

available quantity and available quantity and steers the assessment steers the assessment following indicators in following indicators in

guidance notesguidance notes

Formulates an Formulates an appropriate response to appropriate response to

the needs of single the needs of single beneficiaries and beneficiaries and elaborates a kit elaborates a kit

conforming to minimum conforming to minimum standards, or different (in standards, or different (in

this case giving this case giving motivation for the motivation for the

difference)difference)

AUTOTRAININGAUTOTRAINING SPHERE manualSPHERE manual PCM-ECHO manualPCM-ECHO manual SPHERE websiteSPHERE website ECHO evaluation manualECHO evaluation manual DAC evaluation manualDAC evaluation manual DRN Solint manualDRN Solint manual

TECHNICAL TRAINING AND TECHNICAL TRAINING AND COMPARISONCOMPARISON

The internal comparison for the The internal comparison for the definition of an NGO approachdefinition of an NGO approach

Technical training on location and in Technical training on location and in ItalyItaly

D. SPHERE and D. SPHERE and NGO the NGO the

futurefuture

Reference Reference manualmanual

The endThe end

The endThe end

In collaboration with

Documents

Transcript of In collaboration with