In Class

In groups of four:Read the article about your country and answer

the following questions:Is your country growing economically or militarily

if so how?Does your country have any enemies? If so who

and why?How does your country react to the problem in

serbia?

Chapter 16World War I

Early Stages

The tensions that lead to WWI started in 1864 when Germany united itself.

By 1870 Germany forced France out of German territory

The growth of Germany power lead to many countries to begin to fear its growth.

Ideas in the back ground

• Imperialism

• Nationalism: A feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland.

• Militarism: The aggressive build up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations.

• In this case Germany building a Navy to compete with Great Britain is a good example of militarism

Alliances

• As the different countries begin to look out for their own safety they begin to form different alliances.

• Our two alliances to consider are the Triple Alliance (Central Powers) and Triple Entente (Allied Powers)

Triple Alliance

• The triple Alliance was formed because of Germany’s and Austria’s fears of being broken up by the other European powers.

• Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, Austria Hungary.

Triple Entente

• In a response to Austria and Germanys growing powers the triple entente forms

• Triple Entente: Britain France Russia (Eventually America will join this group)

Controversy over Bosnia

• Part of the idea of nationalism is that each nation should have its own voice

• This idea spread to the Balkans.• Problem • The Balkans were mostly under the control of

Austria-Hungary.

Serbian Pride

• Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand the heir apparent of Austria Hungary visits Bosnia with his wife

• A young Serbian nationalist rushed their car killing the archduke.

Reaction

• Germany and Austria Hungary begin to place sanctions and ultimatums on Bosnia.

• Bosnia cries out for aid from what they feel is their mother country Russia.

• When Bosnia cannot hold up to the ultimatums given Austria and Germany invade Bosnia

• Russia decides to go to Bosnia’s Aid.

The Schlieffen Plan

• Developed by a German general by the name of The Schlieffen the Germans decided to quickly mobilize.

• The Plan was to invade and take over France before Russia Could fully mobilize its army.

• Germany gets close even almost reaching Paris but the pushed back by France.

The result

• The War is split onto two fronts.

• Western Front: Between Germany and France

• Eastern Front: Between Germany Austria and Russia.

• Essentially the war became a tie where one group would make a major push for awhile only to be pushed back by another force.

Trench Warfare

New Technology

• Artillery• Automatic weapons• Planes • Tanks• Gas

American Neutrality

Wilson hoped to keep the U.S. out of the war. He declared that U.S.’s stance would be neutral.

The American public on the other hand wanted to take Triple Entant’s side in the war.

The U.S. Would be able to remain neutral for two years.

Assistance

Eventually a few members of Wilson’s cabinet managed to get him to see the light and support the British.

Much of this cam about through shipping goods and arms to the U.S.

The U.S. Forced into action

• Germans angered by the U.S. sending contraband goods began to patrol the waters around Britain with subs.

• contraband: Goods prohibited from shipment to Germany and its allies.

• Germany would either inspect the ships or sink them.

The Lusitania

The Germans make the mistake of sinking a tourist vessel the Lusitania.

Hundreds of civilians died, but there was contraband aboard the ship.

The U.S. would make Germany sign the Sussex pledge

Which set certain rules about sinking civilian ships.

The Final Push

The final outrage that brings the U.S. into the war was the Zimmerman Telegram.

The Zimmerman telegram was intercepted by British intelligence.

The telegram was an attempt to forge an alliance between Germany and Mexico

If Mexico aided Germany they would obtain some of their lost territory.

Russian Revolution

• March of 1917• Riots begin to break out in Russia• Czar Nicholas the second would leave the

throne• Lenin would lead the Bolsheviks victory over

Russia• One of Lenin’s first major moves is to pull

Russia out of the war by striking up a peace accord with Germany

Convoy system

Though America fought very few battles during the war, the U.S. helped Britain protect it’s navy from submarine attack.

Known as the convoy system American ships would surround trade vessels.

Increasing the goods reaching Britain.

Argonne Forest

• Argonne Forest marks the break in the German war machine

• After this loss Germany will struggle to continue fighting the war.

• November 1918 Germany signs an Armistice• Armistice: A truce or an agreement to stop

fighting.

Treaty of Versailles

• November 1918• Palace of Versailles near Paris• The “Big Four”• The U.S., France, Britain, Italy.• Russia is left out because the growing fears

about socialism.

14 Point Plan

• The Plan Wilson presented to Congress before going to the conference

• The goal: If all fourteen points were followed then it would be possible to have lasting peace in Europe.

• Justice to all people• Free Trade, Freedom of the seas disarmament• National Self Determination: Borders of countries

should be based on culture and ethnicity.

League Of Nations

• The Final Point of Wilson’s Plan• A general association of Nations

• The League would promote peace and help protect other nations borders.

• Many European countries would accept this idea• When Wilson returned home though he found

that Congress had rejected allowing the U.S. into the league

Actuality

• Not everyone was impressed by Wilson’s Ideas

• Peace agreement was harsh on Germany the main goal being to weaken them.

• There could be no German troops west of the Rhine River

• Germany would have to admit guilt• Pay reparations• Shrink their standing army

The war at home

The war greatly affected American Society

Mostly in terms of how to fund it.Who would fight.And how to keep people invested in the war.

Selective Service Act

The act created a a draft based on a lottery system.

Any male between ages 21- 30 had to register.

The draft added numbers to the service besides those who volunteered.

The First Great Migration

As many young white men went off to war they left jobs open in white cities.

Many African Americans moved to the North to fill this void.

They were not necessarily welcomed, but African American’s lived were better in the North.

War industries board

The War industries Board existed to manage raw material to make sure the proper rescores went to helping the war effort.

It told factories what they could produce and made sure the materials made it to the troops.

It encouraged people to conserve food and even grow vegetables that could go to war front. Known as “Victory Gardens”

National Labor Board

The Board Existed to make sure that business operated properly and kept unions from going on strike so that the war effort was not slowed.

Committee of Public information

Was run by George Creel. The Committee recruited film makers, writers , and artists to create work for people to look more favorably on the war.