In-Building Engineering Technology and Component Theory Presentation
Transcript of In-Building Engineering Technology and Component Theory Presentation
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Huawei IBS DepartmentAu gus t 10 2008
Indoor Coverage Engineering
Technology and Passive Device
Principle Presentation
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Contents
Chapter 1 Indoor Coverage Engineering
1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
2. Indoor Coverage Construction Procedure
3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure
4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Chapter 2 Passive Device Principle
1. Splitter
2. Coupler
3. Hybrid
4. Combiner
5. Attenuator
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TX/Rx
Node B
Step 1Confirm
coverage Criterion
Step 3 Confirm
antenna port power
Step 2 Analyze indoorpromulgation model
Step 4 Confirm theantenna coverage
radius and location to
guide the installation
Indoor Coverage Design Cri ter ion
After finishing the 4 steps, start
indoor coverage design.
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1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
Confirm Coverage Criterion
Plan Antenna Port Power
Indoor Promulgation Model
Typical Scenarios Antenna Radius
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer
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No. Traffic Model CoverageLevel
Coverage Area Function
1
384Kbps
HSDPA/HSUPAFirst Level
Vendors Office Building
2 Business Hotel above 3 Stars
3 High Grade Business Building
4 Huge Shopping Center for IT
5 Huge Exhibition and Airport
6 High Grade Living Apartment
7
128Kbps
VOIP
Second
Level
Hotel
8 Office Building
9 KTV and Shopping Plaza
10 Big and High traffic Shopping or Market
11 Living Apartment
12 64Kbps
Video CallThird Level
Elevator
13 Parking
Confirm Coverage Cri ter ion
WCDMA Coverage Area Traff ic Model
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WCDMA Indoor Co verage Criter ion Reference Value
No. Traffic Level Ec Ec/Io Remark
1 384Kbps First -85dBm -8dB High speed data load area
2 128Kbps Second -90dBm -10dB Slow speed data load area
364Kbps
12.2KbpsThird -95dBm -12dB Video Call, VOIP and so on
4 Spillage10m far away from the buildingthe first outdoor cell
Pilot Ec/Ioindoor cell Pilot Ec/Io5dB
Note: System load, downlink 75%, uplink 50%.
Confirm Coverage Cri ter ion
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Good handover between the indoor cell and outdoor cell
CQT:CS Traffic BLER less than 1%; PS Traffic BLER less than10%
Antenna Distributed System VSWR1.5
Call Set up Success Rate (all QOS traffics) : normally speaking 95%
Call Drop Rate: normally speaking 1%
Congestion Rate : normally speaking 2%
Soft handover Success Rate : normally speaking 98%
Soft handover Rate : normally speaking 30%
Softer handover Success Rate : normally speaking 98%
Hard handover Success Rate : normally speaking 89%
Others WCDMA Indoor Criter ion Reference Value
Confirm Coverage Cri ter ion
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1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
Confirm Coverage Criterion
Plan Antenna Port Power
Indoor Promulgation Model
Typical Scenarios Antenna Radius
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer
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TX/Rx
Node B
Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) is defined the minimum coupling loss
between the BTS receiver and the Cell phone transmitter.
MCL has made up by two parts: the free space loss between the indoor
antenna and the cell phone, the path loss between the BTS receiver
and the indoor antenna.
Plan An tenna Port Power
Far and near effectMCL Value
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The UE transmitter power is less than -50dBm according to 3GPP,
and based on the above simulation diagram if MCL is -45dBm, it is -
95dBm of the signal from cell phone transmitter to BTS receiver,
that is to say it raise the noise by about 9dB.(BTS Background
Noise is -105dBm)
Plan An tenna Port Power
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If MCL is 65dB, the signal is -115dBm from UE transmitter to BTS
receiver, and it raises the noise by less than 0.4dB based on the MCL
Simulation Diagram and is ignored. So the MCL is up to 65dB for
indoor distributed system.
Assume the distance is 1m between the indoor antenna and UE, the
frequency is 2100MHz, and then the free space loss is 38dB between
the indoor antenna and cell phone transmitter;
Assume the path loss is the same for uplink and downlink, their
frequency is close;
And if MCL =38dB+33-CPICH is more than 65dB,
The antenna port Pilot Channel power is less than 6dBm
According to coverage criterion, the reference CPICH of antenna
port power should be 05dBm.
Plan An tenna Port Power
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1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
Confirm Coverage Criterion
Plan Antenna Port Power
Indoor Promulgation Model
Typical Scenarios Antenna Radius
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer
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ITU-R P.1238 Indoor Promulgation Model
It is separated to NLOS and LOS; For NLOS, the model formula
NLOS)(X28dBLlog(d)*Nlog(f)*20L f(n)ID
)(LOSX28dBlog(d)*20log(f)*20PLLOS
Distance Loss Coefficient
Frequency, Unit is MHzDistance between Antenna and Cell phone, Unit is m
Floor Penetration Loss Coefficient
Slow fading margin, it depends on coverage probability and indoor slow
fading criterion
N
fd
nfL
X
Distance Loss Coefficient
Frequency (GHz)Residential
areaOffice Shopping
1.8-2GHz 28 30 22
For LOS, the model formula
N
For indoor coverage the Floor Penetration Loss Coefficient should be the Wall Penetration
Loss Coefficient.
WCDAM Indoo r Promulgat ion Model
Floor Penetration Loss Coefficient
Frequency (GHz)Residential
areaOffice Shopping
1.8-2GHz 4n 15+4(n-1) 6+3(n-1)
nfL
nfL
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Keenan-Motley Indoor Promulgation Model
WPd20logf20log32.5dBPL
Frequency, Unit is MHz
Distance between the antenna and cell phone, Unit is Km
Wall Loss Reference Value
Wall Quantity
It ignores the indoor slow fading margin and body loss.
f
d
PW
WCDAM Indoo r Promulgat ion Model
Keenan-Motley Model is made up by the free space promulgation model and
the wall penetration loss.
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Huawei Indoor Promulgation Model
Based on ITU Model, Keenan-Motley Model and the results of testing and analyzing
data, Huawei presents its indoor promulgation model.
f(n) XL28dBlog(d)*20log(f)*20PL(d)
Frequency, Unit is MHz;
Distance between the indoor antenna and cell phone, Unit is m;
Slow Fading Margin, It depends on coverage probability and indoor
coverage criterion;
Pi is the i wall penetration loss; n is wall quantity.
f
d
n
0i
infPL
X
Typical Wall Penetration Loss (dB)
Frequency (GHz) Concrete Bricky Wood Thick Glass Thin Glass Elevator
1.8-2GHz 1530 10 5 35 13 2030
WCDAM Indoo r Promulgat ion Model
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Assume the antenna port CPICH is 0dBm, Body loss is 6dB,the
distance is 10m;PL(d)=20*log(2100)+20*log(10)-28+10+6=75dBEdge Coverage:0dBm-75dB-6dB=-81dBm.
How many the edge coverage is, after WCDMA signal penetrating one bricky wall?
0dBm
?dBm
0.746dB 10dB
Edge CoverageCPICHPL(d)Body Loss
f(n) XL28dBlog(d)*20log(f)*20PL(d)
X nfL
WCDAM Indoo r Coverage Link B udget
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1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
Confirm Coverage Criterion
Plan Antenna Port Power
Indoor Promulgation Model
Typical Scenarios Antenna Radius
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer
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Typ ical Scenarios Antenna Coverage Radius
WCDMA Antenna Port CPICH is 05dBm, the edge coverage Ec-90dBm;
2G Antenna Port BCCH is 10dBm, the edge coverage -85dBm.
Scenarios Description Antenna 3G Radius 2G Radius
KTV Plaza
Thick wall and private
washing room near the
door
Ceiling Omni 810m 1012m
Hotel and
Restaurant
Bricky wall and private
rest room near the doorCeiling Omni 1012m 1215m
Office Building
and
Shopping Mall
Glass wall or Shelves
PartitionCeiling Omni 1215m 1520m
Parking/
Meeting/Hall
Open area mainly
and the pillars or
equipment room in
the middle
Ceiling Omni 1520m 25m
Exhibition Open and High Directional 50m 100m
Elevator Guest
Direction toward
elevator hall3 floors 5 floors
Direction toward
elevator shaft5 floors 7 floors
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Contents
Chapter 1 Indoor Coverage Engineering
1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
2. Indoor Coverage Construction Procedure
3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure
4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Chapter 2 Passive Device Principle
1. Splitter
2. Coupler
3. Hybrid
4. Combiner
5. Attenuator
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Indoor Si te Construc t ion Procedure
Site Acquisition
Y
Y
N
Customer providing building name,
coverage area, target and requirement
Coverage, Capacity, Interference,
Cost, Installation, design document,
Drawing and quotation and so on
Customer Check and approve indoor design
Packed and delivered BOQ,
arrange Installation Coordinator,
installation based on the design document strictly
Defined the change type, simple change and big change;
Site field supervisor in charge of simple change;
designer do the big change, and submitted the change order
Coverage test and hardware installation acceptance
Output walk test report and as-built document
Modification depends on the situation,
the owner and the customer.
Commercial launch one month later,
walk test, drive test and call quality testAcceptance and signature
Site Survey
Indoor Design
Design Approval
Implementation
Solution Change
As-built
Project Modification
Acceptance
Building summary
(floor function, structure and electromagnetism ),customer special requirement
Y
N
N
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Define coverage areaWhole building coverage or part building
coverage except car-parking, elevator
and so on.
Different type
building and differentfloor of the building
have the different
coverage
requirement.
Define traffic and service
Different traffic and service have
different coverage requirement.
Indoo r Site Survey
Define Acceptance KPI
Coverage Requirement;
Network KPI.
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Contents
Chapter 1 Indoor Coverage Engineering
1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
2. Indoor Coverage Construction Procedure
3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure
4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Chapter 2 Passive Device Principle
1. Splitter
2. Coupler
3. Hybrid
4. Combiner
5. Attenuator
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3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure
Indoor Engineer ing Design
Survey target
Engineering Survey
Electromagnetism Survey
Simulation test
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Indoo r Coverage Survey Target
Survey target
Survey the building structure, electromagnetism environment,
owner request and so on; confirm the indoor distributed
antenna system solution.
work before survey
Tools and documents
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Indoo r Coverage Survey Target
Work before survey
Get operators survey permission and owners access
Collect the distribution and location of outdoor sites near it
Get the building plan and correlative data from the subscribers or the
owner; in case no, the site survey engineer should draw the building
floor plan or take photo for the fire control plan.
Before site survey, read carefully the building plan, have the clear
understanding about the building structure
Know the coverage requirement, for example coverage area and coverage level
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Indoo r Coverage Surv ey Target
GSM Test
Phone( including SIM Card)
Laptop (including WCDMA
and GSM test software)
GPS(including compass)
Tapeline or infrared range finder
Simulation test omni antenna Site survey report
Building Plan
Digital Camera
Simulation TransmitterGSMWCDMA
WCDMA Signal Source
WCDMA Receiver
WCDMA Test Phone
Tools and Documents
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3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure
Indoor Engineer ing Design
Survey target
Engineering Survey
Electromagnetism Survey
Simulation test
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Indoor engineer ing survey
Building design plan
Geography location of indoor site
Building height, floor and total area
Description and division for
building floor function
Description for coverage area
Site Description
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Survey the building structure
1 Based on the building structure to confirm the coverage radius and thelocation of indoor antenna
2 Based on the ceiling structure to confirm the cable feeder route
3Confirm the location and quantity of low power well, redundancy space for
laying the cable
4Confirm the location and quantity of elevator well, exit and entrance
location for the cable
5 Confirm the function and operation region for all elevators
6 Confirm the location of main equipment room
7 Confirm the power access point for indoor coverage system
8Confirm the grounding system of building, including the points and
resistance
Indoor Engineer ing Survey
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3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure
Indoor Engineer ing Design
Survey target
Engineering SurveyElectromagnetism Survey
Simulation test
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Based on the customer request and the GSM network
performance test result to confirm how to solve the problems
GSM Electromagnetic Environment Test Contents
Main BCCH Rx Level, the parameters for BSIC,LAC,CI,C1 and C2,
the call quality level in coverage area;
Statistical call set up success rate, call drop rate, the handover and
the interference and so on;
Frequent handover area and max BCCH Rx level;
Border upon cell frequency point and Rx level;
Frozen area or closed area;
Range signal and max Rx level;
Hopping status, hopping type and cell ID and so on;
Based on the current radio environment to confirm the interference
between the operators.
GSM Electromagnetic Environm ent Test
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WCDMA Electromagnetic Environment Test Parameters
Scrambling Code, Ec, Ec/Io, TX_POWER, BLER, Handover
Success Rate, Call Drop Rate and so on.
Data Analyzing Information
Current radio network condition for coverage areadefined frozen area,
pilot polluted area, the signal power and quantity of outdoor cells
penetrated through indoor area, the interference area, the call set up
success rate, call drop rate, handover and so on)
EcEc/IoTX route of outdoor cells penetrated through indoor area;
SCEcEc/IoTxBLER list and statistical percentage value;
Presented the special condition in the analyzing report for every floor.
WCDMA Electromagnetic Environment Test
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The edge of the floor Following the porch on the floorEntrance and exit
of the elevators and stairs
Based on the building condition to define the low coverage area
Electromagnetic Environment Test Route
Electrom agnetic Environm ent Test
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Attention Points
The height is 1.5 meters between the story and test phone.
Test performs on different structure floor including detailed test route.
Scanning frequency test performs on the floor except the underground car
parking and the same structure floor.
Test performs on no-standard floor per 5 or 8 stories. The results of walk
test analyzing shows with the statistical histogram in the design document.
Electromagnet ic Environment Test
I d E i i D i
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3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure
Indoor Engineer ing Design
Survey target
Engineering SurveyElectromagnetism Survey
Simulation test
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Simu lat ion Test
Simulation test attention points
Choose the typical story to test;
Choose the typical position to test (porch, back door, middle of the
room and near by the window);
Summarize the test methods and results.
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Contents
Chapter 1 Indoor Coverage Engineering
1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
2. Indoor Coverage Construction Procedure
3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure
4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Chapter 2 Passive Device Principle
1. Splitter
2. Coupler
3. Hybrid
4. Combiner
5. Attenuator
I d C E i i
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and Procedure
Signal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer ing
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Design General Princ iple
Lower power, more antennas
Dripping Filling Principle
First Part plan, Second trunkFirst Horizon plan, Second vertical
Use 7/8 cable on trunkUse 1/2 cable on branch less 30m
Use coupler on trunk
Use splitter on branch
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Indoor Design Procedure
Signal Source and
Distributed System choice
Plan Coverage Cell
After surveying, start indoor design based on the following procedure
Confirm the location of
the antennas and main equipment
Antenna Distribution (Horizon)
Planning cable route
Elevator Coverage
Power Distribution (On trunk)
System handover planningControl the interference
between indoor and outdoor
Path Loss in CableDistribution Loss
of Passive Device
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer ing
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and Procedure
Signal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer ing
Signal Source and Distr ibuted System Choice
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Signal Source and Distr ibuted System Choice
Signal Source
Macro
BTS
BBU+RRU
BBU+RHUB+pRRU (Digital Distributed System Repeater
Si l S d Di t ib t d S t Ch i
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Indoor
DistributedSystem
iDBS
Mixed
DLS
DAS
Signal Source and Distr ibuted System Choice
ODN
DAS Distributed Antenna System
DLS Distributed Leaky Cable System
Mixed Distributed Antenna and Leaky Cable System
ODN Optical Fiber Distributed System
iDBS indoor Distributed Node B System
Si l S d Di t ib t d S t Ch i
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Scenario Type and Area Signal Source Distributed System
Mini Buildings60000m2 RRU/Macro BTS
/pRRU
iDBS/DAS/ODN
Super Huge Building
>150000 m2
Macro BTS/pRRU iDBS/DAS/ODN
Narrowand long
Building
Subway RRU/Macro BTS DASEntrance and ExitDLSTunnel
Optical Fiber+RRU
Railway and
Tunnel
RRU/Repeater DAS
DLS
ODN
Some advices about the Signal Source and Indoor Distributed System
Signal Source and Distr ibuted System Cho ice
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and Procedure
Signal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer ing
How to p lan the Cells
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How to p lan the Cells
Plan the Cells
by Capacity
Plan the Cells
by Coverage Area
Coverage Capacity Cell Capacity
Vertical Plan
Horizon Plan
Coverage Area Cell Coverage Area
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and Procedure
Signal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer ing
Conf i rm the equ ipment locat ion
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Conf i rm the equ ipment locat ion
Special
Room
Elevator
Room Parking
Well
Stair
Room
Location
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and Procedure
Signal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer ing
An tenna Distr ibu t ion
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An tenna Distr ibu t ion
Indoor Antenna Choice
Panel Antenna
Ceiling Omni Antenna Ceiling Omni Antenna
Panel
AntennaYoki
Antenna
Smoke Inductor
Omni Antenna
Omni Antenna
Lampshade
Omni Antenna
An tenna Distr ibut ion
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Antenna Distribution Attention Points
Lay antennas in public area
Use lower power, more antennas distribution in close area
Use higher power, less antennas distribution in open area
Use panel antenna to avoid the spillage in edge area
Use panel antenna and yaki-antenna to cover the elevators
Avoid the handover area in elevator well; in case call drop rises
Min coverage signal power 6 dB more than the main signal power
An tenna Distr ibut ion
An tenna Distr ibut ion
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Standard
Story
Based on the different scenario to plan the antenna distribution
Low Stories
Elevator
Parking
Open Space1520m
Glass Partition1215m
Bricky Wall Partition1012m)
Concrete Wall Partition810m
Antenna Direction
toward elevator hall(3 floors
An tenna Distr ibut ion
Antenna Direction
toward elevator well(5 floors
An tenna Distr ibu t ion
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Top Grade Apartment
Antenna Distribution
Schematic Drawing
An tenna Distr ibu t ion
An tenna Distr ibu t ion
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Super Shopping Mall Antenna Distribution Schematic Diagram
Sparse Shelves Dense Shelves
Antenna Coverage Radius 12~15m
An tenna Distr ibu t ion
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Super Shopping Mall Indoor Coverage Test Result
Sparse Shelves
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Dense Shelves
Super Shopping Mall Indoor Coverage Test Result
An tenna Distr ibu t ion
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KTV Plaza/Bar Indoor Antenna Distribution Schematic Diagram
Antenna Coverage Radius 8~10m
An tenna Distr ibu t ion
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Hotel Guest Story Antenna Distribution Schematic Diagram
Antenna Coverage Radius 10~12m
An tenna Distr ibu t ion
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Parking Indoor Antenna Distribution Schematic Diagram
Antenna Coverage Radius 20~25m
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and Procedure
Signal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
doo Co e age g ee g
How to cover the elevator
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Antenna Direction toward
The Elevator Well
GSM: 7 floors
WCDMA: 5 floors
Antenna Port Power
GSM BCCH10dBm
WCDMA CPICH 5dBm
Antenna Direction toward
The Elevator Hall
GSM: 5 floors
WCDMA: 3 floors
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and Procedure
Signal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
g g g
Cable Rou te
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1After getting the owners permission, the indoor cable route follows
the parking, the low power well, the elevator well, the ceiling and so
on;
2Reuse the existing wells to lay the cable in the living gardens, for
example the redundancy wells for power system and street lamp
cable, the optical fiber wells, the water wells, the television wells and
so on.
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and Procedure
Signal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
g g g
Power Distr ibu t ion
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Using the below passive device to distribute power
Coaxial CablePower Splitter
Power Coupler
Power Distr ibut io n
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First Horizon Plan, use the power splitter to keep balance for the power;
Use 1/2 Coaxial cable less 30 meters on the story
Based on the antenna quantity to choose the 2 ways, 3 Ways and 4
ways power splitter
Power Splitter
Power Splitter
Power Distr ibut io n
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Second Trunk, use coupler and 7/8 coaxial cable to save the path loss on the trunk
Based on the trunk power and the requirement of the horizon story to choose 5dB,
6dB, 7dB, 10dB, 15dB or 20dB coupler
BBU
RRU
Coupler
Coupler
Power Distr ibut io n
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Design General Idea
Coupler on the
trunk to install in
the cable wells
Splitter on the horizon story
to install in cable wells or
above the ceiling
Installation
Schematic diagram
Main equipment toinstall in the room or
against wall
Power Distr ibut io n
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If only using the couplers are used on the trunk, the power balance
couldnt to keep; so using the couplers and splitters to instead of only
using the couplers.
BBU
RRU
15dB
15dB
10dB
2dBm
2dBm
1dBm
1dBm
10dB 5dBm
5dBm
BBU
RRU
Coupler
Splitter
Only Coupling
Coupler and Splitter
Power Distr ibut io n
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If the owner or the customer has some special request, all passive device
should be installed in the cable well to ensure the installation and
maintenance in the future.
Main using splitter on trunk
BBU
RRU
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer ing
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and ProcedureSignal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
Control System Handover
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Hall
entrance &
exit
Elevator door
per story Entrance and
exit parking
Beside
windows
per story
Where is
the indoorhandover
area?
Control System Handover
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Handover
area
Generally speaking the handover area is outdoor area 5~7 meters far from
the hall gate, that is to say in this area the indoor cell CPICH RSCP is less
than -95dBm based on the spillage index. The handover area should not be
not only near by the road but also deep through the hall.
Control handover methods in hall:
Lower power and more antennas
Use the directional indoor antenna
Adjustable antenna power
Control System Handover
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9F
8F
7F
6F
4F
1F
B1F
2F
3F
5F
10F
11F
12F
ANT1-11F-n
ANT1-7F-n
ANT1-3F-n
Elevator handover design strategy:
Use the same cell to cover the same elevator
Configure the neighbor cell if there are 2 or more different cells in one elevator
Use the antenna direction toward to the elevator hall
Elevator hall is the handover area when the elevator cell is different from theelevator hall
9F
8F
7F
6F
4F
1F
B1F
2F
3F
5F
10F
11F
12F
ANT1-11F-n
ANT1-7F-n
ANT1-3F-n
Cell
A
Cell
B
ANT1-11F-n
ANT1-7F-n
ANT1-3F-n
HallThe same cell Handover in well Handover in hall
Control System Handover
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High rise handover design strategy:
Lower power and more antennas, install the antenna in the room;
Use the directional antenna and install it against the windows.
Control System Handover
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Shaft
A
Shaft
B
Install the antenna
near by the parking
entrance & exit
Parking handover design strategy
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer ing
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and ProcedureSignal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
Contro l Interference and Spi l lage
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Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
Lower power and more antennas is good method to controlthe interference and spillage between indoor and outdoor
cells;
The installation of directional antenna is other way to control
interference and spillage;
To optimize the outdoor network
Indoo r Coverage Eng ineer ing
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4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and ProcedureSignal Source and Distributed System Choice
How to plan the cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distribution
How to cover the elevator
Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover
Control Interference and Spillage
Design Cases
Design Cases
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AITU xx Indoor Coverage Project
Building height B4F75F;B4F-B1F and 1F-4F Car parking;
GF Stores;
5F Chamber;
6F75F Apartment;B4F4F 3600 m2 per floor;5F-6F 1500m2 per floor.
Design Cases
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Signal Source and Distributed System Choice
Plan the coverage cells
Confirm the equipment location
Antenna Distributed
(Horizon Story/Floor)
Cable Route
Elevator Coverage
Power Distribution
(On trunk route)
RRU+DAS
Cell A B4F-21F
Cell B 22F-48F
Cell C 49F-75F
G26F55F
6 antennas B4F-5F
4 antennas 6F-75F
Well and Ceiling
Laying 2 antennas
in elevatorhall
Design Cases
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Parking Antenna Distribution
To install power splitter in the stories shaft;
To use 1/2 coaxial cable in the horizon story.
Shaft A
Shaft
ShaftShaft B
Stories Antenna Distribution
Design Cases
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Cell A System Schematic Diagram(B4F-21F)
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Contents
Chapter 1 Indoor Coverage Engineering
1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
2. Indoor Coverage Construction Procedure
3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure
4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Chapter 2 Passive Device Principle
1. Splitter
2. Coupler
3. Hybrid
4. Combiner
5. Attenuator
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Splitter
Coupler
Hybrid
Combiner
Attenuator
Indoo r Coverage Pass ive Device
Spl i tter Introduct ion
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Air-lacuna Power Splitter
Mini Band Power Splitter
The differences between them: Waterproof, Handling Power, Insertion
loss and so on.
Power Splitter is one device to separate the RF signal power equally.
Spl i tter Introduct ion
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2 Ways Splitter 3 Ways Splitter
Power Splitter Structure Schematic Diagram
Spl i tter Introduct ion
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Power Splitter Test Schematic Diagram
Port 1 for VSWR Test, Port 2 and 3 for Insertion Loss Test.
VSWR TEST
Insertion Loss
Insertion Loss
Spl i tter Introduct ion
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Name Wide Band Air-lacuna Power Splitter
Model RD-52N/NP-F2 RD-53N/NP-F2 RD-54N/NP-F2
Frequency Range 800~2500MHzSplitting Loss 3 dB 4.8 dB 6 dB
Insertion Loss 0.2 dB 0.2dB 0.2 dB
VSWRinput port 1.2 :1Power Handling 200W
Impedance 50RF Connectors N-K
Dimensions 2106125mm 2336125mm 2336143mm
Weight 0.3 kg 0.44 kg 0.50 kg
Temperature Range -35 ~ +75
Humidity 95%
The conductor is the high-quality alloy, the medium is the air;
The handling power is very huge, it is up to 200W;the medium loss is
very low, it can be ignored;
The air-lacuna power splitter can not used to be combiner for low
isolation between output ports.
Spl i tter Introduct ion
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Name Mini Band Power SplitterFrequency Range 800~2500MHz
Splitting Loss 3 dB 4.8 dB 6 dB
Insertion Loss 0.3 dB 0.3dB 0.3 dB
VSWR (input port) 1.25 :1
Power Handling 50W or 100WImpedance 50
Connectors N-K
Temperature Range -35 ~ +75
Humidity 95%
Coup ler Introduct ion
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Power Coupler is one device to separate the RF signal power unequally.
Air-lacuna Power Coupler
Mini Band Power Coupler
The differences between them: Waterproof, Handling Power, Insertion
loss and so on.
Coup ler Introduct ion
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Power Coupler Test Schematic Diagram
Insertion LossVSWR TEST
Coupling Value
Coup ler Introduct ion
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Mini Band Coupler Air-lacuna Coupler
Waterproof Bad Good
Insertion Loss High Low
VSWR Very bad Very good
Direction Very good Very good
Power Handling Small Middle
Intra-structure Jointing Isolated resistance
Dependability Middle Middle
Cost Low High
Comparing Table between Two Types Coupler
Coup ler Introduct ion
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Name Wide Band Air-lacuna Power Coupler
Model RC-5NK/NK/NK-xxF1
Frequency 800-2500MHz
Coupling
6dB6 0.6dB 10dB10 0.8dB
15dB15 0.8dB 20dB20 0.8dB
30dB30 1.0dB
Insertion Loss
6dB< 1.7dB 10dB< 0.7dB
15dB< 0.3dB 20dB< 0.2dB30dB< 0.15dB
VSWR 1.2 1
Power Handling 200W
Impedance 50
Connectors N-K
Dimensions 219.662.625mmWeight 0.48 kg
Temperature -35 ~ +75
Humidity 95%
Hybr id Coupler Int roduct ion
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3dB Hybrid is one kind of directional coupler;
Different carries are combined in inter-frequency band.
Hybr id Coupler Int roduct ion
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Only one output port used, terminate with one load in other output, otherwise
there is the bad influence for the system; and there is 3dB power loss to
terminate with one load in one output.
As the power combiner, the two input ports
are isolated and the two output ports are
opposite. No power loss when two output
ports are used.
Hybr id Coupler Int roduct ion
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Name High Power Hybrid Coupler
Model RB-NKF0
Frequency 1710-2200 MHzCoupling Value 3dBnominal
Sensitivity 0.25dB
Insertion Loss 0.2dB
VSWR 1.21
Input Isolation 30dB
Power Handling 200W
Peak Power 1.5kW
Impedance 50
Connector N-K
Dimensions 888720mm
Weight 0.2kgTemperature -55~+125
Humidity 95%
Comb iner Int roduct ion
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Combiner is one device made up by the different frequency filters.
Lower Insertion loss, higher isolation, higher power handling, better
temperature dependability and so on.
GSM900/DCS1800/WCDMA Combiner
GSM900/DCS1800 Combiner
GSM900/WCDMA Combiner
Combiner Int roduct ion
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Item GSM900 GSM1800 WCDMA
Frequency
Range(MHz)885-960
1710-1785
1805-1880
1920-1980
2110-2170
Dissipative
Loss(dB)0.3 0.6 0.6
Isolation between
Band(dB) 20
Pass Band
Ripple(dB)0.4
Power
Handling(W)300
Intermodulation,PIM(dBc)
-140@+43dBm2
Temperature() -40~+70Connectors N-female
GSM900/DCS1800/WCDMA Combiner
Comb iner Int roduct ion
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Use Combine the inter-frequency band BTS signal
Operation Frequency Range Path 1: 800
1000MHzPath 2: 17002000MHz
Frequency Band GSM 200MHz DCS 300MHz
Dissipative Loss 0.5 dB
Stationary wave Loss 18dB
Isolation between Bands 50 dB
Intra-frequency band Control GSM to 17002000MHz50 dB
DCS to 8001000MHz 50 dB
Pass band ripple 0.3dB
Maximum input power (Average) 100W
Impedance 50
Connectors N-K
Temperature Range -3085
Relative Humidity 95%
GSM900/DCS1800 Combiner
Attenuator Introduct ion
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Attenuator is opposite between two ports
Attenuator is consumptive
Attenuator is coaxial, fixed and adjustable
Attenuator is used to control and consume the overload
signal power; to extend the measurement range of the
power calculator, spectrum, amplifier, receiver and so on;
to adjust the indoor distributed system antenna port power.
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