IN A NEW LOOK - PhotonicsViews · 2018. 11. 16. · fore, gas lasers such as argon-ion or...

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maximum, i.e. light from these wave-length regions will be very effective for microscope studies. The most important wavelength regions in the visible range are around 405, 488, 561 and 640 nm. These wavelength regions are not a coincidence, but the result of a focused fluorophore develop-ment, that used to be driven by the “available” laser lines mainly from argon-ion and krypton-ion lasers. A

laser source that provides high-quality light at these wavelengths would be highly favorable for many multicolor microscopy users.

Until recently, the important wave-length of 561 nm could not be provided by standard diode laser technology in a direct way. The only practical way to reach this wavelength were DPSS lasers with a major drawback for microscope applications. DPSS lasers cannot be

modulated (turned on and off) quick-ly. In order to support applications like scanning confocal microscopy, these la-sers require a modulator like an AOM or AOTF (acousto-optic modulator, or acousto-optic tunable filter). While these components enable modulation, their major drawback is the limited ex-tinction ratio, i.e. the off state is not re-ally “off”, instead it corresponds to a very low power setting. Some advanced

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Fig. 2 Low current density luminance dis-tribution images of a thin-film GaN LED chip before (left) and after (right) defect repair taken at 50 mA and 2 mA, respec-tively. The triangles mark the electrical contact probe. The repaired area is marked by a red circle. The size of the LED chip is 1mm2. 400 µm 400 µm

Materials Processing

38 PhotonicsViews 1/2019 © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Laser Repair of Defects in GaN LEDsExcimer laser defect ablation is the optimum method for repairing the two major LED typesRalph Delmdahl, Thorsten Passow, Michael Kunzer, and Michael Binder

Frequency-doubled diode laser tech -nology (FDDL) enables direct modu-lation of 561 nm lasers with unprec-edented speeds. It also reaches an ultimate high on/off contrast with zero photons in the off state, which is favorable for laser scanning micro-scopes and multicolor microscopy techniques.

Lasers play an invaluable role in instru-mentation for biophotonics. Especially modern microscopy techniques have a high demand for advanced light sourc-es. Compared to other light sources la-sers provide high brightness, a small divergence and they are highly mono-chromatic – which makes them ideal for confocal microscopy.

Flexible microscopy setups require various laser colors to support the exci-tation of different fluorophores. There-fore, gas lasers such as argon-ion or krypton-ion, as well as dye lasers have been widely used in confocal micros-copy for a long time. They provide the colors, beam quality and output power levels that are required for this demand-ing application.

For many years, diode and DPSS (diode-pumped solid state) lasers that reach similar specifications as gas or dye lasers are commercially available. Diode and DPSS lasers are usually more compact and easier to maintain com-pared to gas or dye lasers. In addition,

they have a lower price tag and require less electric power, no water cooling and offer a longer lifetime. As a conse-quence, diode and DPSS lasers increas-ingly replace antiquated laser systems like gas or dye lasers.

To fulfill the requirement for multi-ple laser colors in one setup, so-called multilaser engines (or laser combiners) have been developed and introduced to the market. They combine several laser colors in one device to enable flexible excitation of different fluorophores without changing the light source. Although some models integrate six to eight individual laser colors, most multi laser engines have four different laser colors. If these four colors are se-lected in a reasonable combination, they support the most common mi-croscope techniques and fluorophores.

There are several “wavelength re-gions” that are of interest in the most typical microscope applications. In these regions a variety of popular fluo rophores have their absorption

CoherentFounded in 1966, Coherent, Inc. is one of the world’s leading providers of lasers and laser-based technol-ogy for scientific, commercial, and industrial custom-ers. With headquarters in the heart of Silicon Valley, California, and offices spanning the globe, Coherent offers a unique and distinct product portfolio and services that touches scientific research, instrumen-tation, microelectronics and materials processing.

Meet us at Photonics Europe, StrasbourgBooth G327

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Bad: 38 Good: 620Total: 658



Yield = 35.7 %Yield = 75.7 %Yield = 94.2 %

Fig. 1 Exemplary dependence of the yield of semiconductor devices at constant arbi-trary defect density on the device size (10 × 10 mm2, 20 × 20 mm2, and 40 × 40 mm2). (After: Wikimedia Commons; Shigeru23)

Application Report

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CONTENTS



maximum, i.e. light from these wave-length regions will be very effective for microscope studies. The most important wavelength regions in the visible range are around 405, 488, 561 and 640 nm. These wavelength regions are not a coincidence, but the result of a focused fluorophore develop-ment, that used to be driven by the “available” laser lines mainly from argon-ion and krypton-ion lasers. A laser source that provides high-quality light at these wavelengths would be highly favorable for many multicolor microscopy users.

Until recently, the important wave-length of 561 nm could not be provided by standard diode laser technology in a direct way. The only practical way to reach this wavelength were DPSS lasers with a major drawback for microscope applications. DPSS lasers cannot be modulated (turned on and off) quick-ly. In order to support applications like scanning confocal microscopy, these la-sers require a modulator like an AOM or AOTF (acousto-optic modulator, or acousto-optic tunable filter). While these components enable modulation, their major drawback is the limited ex-tinction ratio, i.e. the off state is not re-ally “off”, instead it corresponds to a very low power setting. Some advanced microscopy techniques are dependent on “complete off”, i.e. the emission of zero photons in the off state. This “com-plete off” is required to reduce crosstalk between individual laser channels and to reduce unwanted photobleaching. Other microscopy techniques require high modulation frequencies, so it is necessary to switch power on and off in a fast pace, which is not possible with acousto-optic devices.

Fast switching is generally also re-quired to blank the laser during fly-back in scanning systems to reduce photo-bleaching. Furthermore, this feature is advantageous for microsco-py techniques such as FRAP (fluores-cence recovery after photo-bleaching) or CLEM (controlled light exposure mi-croscopy), techniques that require rapid switching of wavelengths and intensity modulation.

Additional optical elements can have a negative influence on the qual-ity of the transmitted laser beam. This could corrupt microscopy signals or even render some techniques impos-sible. As stated above, AOMs / AOTFs have a limited contrast, which in turn leads to “leakage signals” even in the state when they deflect the laser beam. Therefore, they do not really fulfill the condition for “zero photons in the off state”. Furthermore, each active ele-ment in a complex setup can fail and thus lead to downtimes, as well as cost for service and maintenance. If an AOM (or AOTF) is used for modulation, the incident laser has to run continuously without any interruption. This leads to unnecessary extra operating hours and cost because during its actual “off time” for the microscopy experiment,

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“

Fig. 1 Image of a lily pollen that was recorded using a confocal microscope with Airyscan (Courtesy of Carl Zeiss Microscopy)

Schäfter+Kirchhoff develop and manufacture laser sources, line scan camera systems and fiber optic products for worldwide distribution and use.

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Application Report


Four-Color Laser Engine for Efficient Confocal MicroscopyDirect modulation at 561 nm using FDDL technology enables unique performanceTim Paasch-Colberg and Konstantin Birngruber

Frequency-doubled diode laser tech -nology (FDDL) enables direct modu-lation of 561 nm lasers with unprec-edented speeds. It also reaches an ultimate high on/off contrast with zero photons in the off state, which is favorable for laser scanning micro-scopes and multicolor microscopy techniques.

Lasers play an invaluable role in instru-mentation for biophotonics. Especially modern microscopy techniques have a high demand for advanced light sourc-es. Compared to other light sources la-sers provide high brightness, a small divergence and they are highly mono-chromatic – which makes them ideal for confocal microscopy.

Flexible microscopy setups require various laser colors to support the exci-tation of different fluorophores. There-

fore, gas lasers such as argon-ion or krypton-ion, as well as dye lasers have been widely used in confocal micros-copy for a long time. They provide the colors, beam quality and output power levels that are required for this demand-ing application.

For many years, diode and DPSS (diode-pumped solid state) lasers that reach similar specifications as gas or dye lasers are commercially available. Diode and DPSS lasers are usually more compact and easier to maintain com-pared to gas or dye lasers. In addition, they have a lower price tag and require less electric power, no water cooling and offer a longer lifetime. As a conse-quence, diode and DPSS lasers increas-ingly replace antiquated laser systems like gas or dye lasers.

To fulfill the requirement for multi-ple laser colors in one setup, so-called multilaser engines (or laser combiners) have been developed and introduced to the market. They combine several laser colors in one device to enable flexible excitation of different fluorophores without changing the light source. Although some models integrate six to eight individual laser colors, most multi laser engines have four different laser colors. If these four colors are se-lected in a reasonable combination, they support the most common mi-croscope techniques and fluorophores.

There are several “wavelength re-gions” that are of interest in the most typical microscope applications. In these regions a variety of popular fluo rophores have their absorption

TOPTICA PhotonicsGräfelfing, Germany

TOPTICA develops and manufactures high-end laser systems for scientific and industrial applications. The portfolio includes diode lasers, ultrafast fiber lasers, terahertz systems and frequency combs. The prod-ucts provide an ultra-broad laser wavelength cov-erage: 190 nm – 0.1 THz (corresponding to 3 mm). They enable a large variety of demanding applica-tions in quantum optics, spectroscopy, biophotonics, microscopy, test & measurement, as well as mate-rials inspection. With a global distribution network, TOPTICA provides exceptional service worldwide.

Meet us at Photonics Europe, StrasbourgBooth G327

www.toptica.com

Company

FDDL technology enables direct modulation of 561 nm lasers with unprecedented speeds and an ultimate high on/off contrast with zero photons in the off state, which is favorable for laser scanning microscopes and multicolor microscopy techniques.



process drift or even possible damage of the processing optics. Serviceabili-ty was an important consideration in the design of the HIGHmotion 2D. Its modular design enables easy access to serviceable components of the process-ing head to ensure proper maintenance and long service life.

The scanner head is equipped with high precision galvanometers en-abling consistent high-quality weld-ing results while requiring low main-tenance. During the power-on cycle, the systems run through an auto-test program to ensure perfect positioning accuracy and positioning speed. The full digital operation of the scanner is able to capture the position feedback to insure positioning accuracy. This is an indispensable safety feature, especially for highly sensitive or safety-relevant components.

Can be used for laser markingsThe HIGHmotion 2D is equipped with a 2D version of the RLSK Studio software. All features valued by our customers continue to be available. Examples are the easy implementation of compo-nents and seams, the internal editor for creating robot paths or seams, the time control table representing the welding project, and the time optimizing algo-rithms.

The HIGHmotion 2D can also be used for laser markings, such as serial numbers or company logos. To meet the requirements for QA tracking, the software dynamically generates QR or barcodes containing the desired infor-mation, such as date, time stamps and part numbers.

Offset position data can be sent to the processing head from a camera system located remotely at the process obser-

vation port or mounted externally in the cell in order to achieve the highest positioning accuracy, which is particu-larly important for battery production.

The HIGHmotion 2D is available with two optical system magnifica-tion variants (M=3 and M=4) and with various accessories such as the teach module.

Laser cutting head with new zoom opticsNow let´s have a look at the BIMO-FSC. The new zoom optics enables a fully

independent and infinite variable ad-justment of the focus diameter (M) and focus position (Z) with an extended MZ range of M = 1.2 - 4.8 and a full stroke for Z of 55 mm. The motors used to control the focus parameters are now even faster and allow precise position feedback. The focus parameters can be conveniently set in milliseconds both during piercing and cutting using a new user-friendly interface with re-duced complexity for the application. The mix of powerful MZ functionality and focus control ensures minimized piercing times and excellent cut quality.

The opto-mechanical design is opti-mized for maximum reliability in a 24/7 industrial environment, at very high la-ser power of up to 12 kW. The optical sys-tem is protected from contamination, for example when replacing the cover slide. This new design concept together with the new drift-free height sensing system, assures high process stability.

New era of process monitoringThe BIMO-FSC’s embedded intelli-gence defines a new era of program-mable process monitoring based on customer-specific process parameters. Integrated sensors provide on-time in-formation to maximize the up-time of the cutting machine by avoiding critical failures.

The new BIMO-FSC is the new benchmark in speed, reliability and intelligence in laser cutting that guar-antees the best solution for maximum productivity.

HIGHYAG Lasertechnologie GmbH Christine Gross,Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Str. 2, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany

HIGHmotion 2D: design prevents contamination

BIMO-FSC: new zoom optics enables a fully independent and infinite variable adjustment

Application Feature


Cutting-EdgeII-VI: HIGHmotion 2D Remote Laser Welding Head and BIMO-FSC LaserCutting HeadChristine Groß

Highyag brings two exciting new products to market: On the one hand the HIGHmotion 2D is a remote laser welding head optimized to produce high quality and highly reliable aluminum on aluminum welds for batteries used in electric vehicles. On the other hand a next generation 1 µm laser cutting head brings flat-sheet laser cutting application to the next level. The new BIMO-FSC features a completely reengineered motorized zoom optics to cut a broad range of material types and thicknesses even faster.

shift. Equipped with a II-VI F-Theta lens, near-orthogonal welding angles can be achieved over a processing ar-ea of 200x300mm², which ensures that the beam can access the work pieces around complex and narrow clamping devices used in battery welding.

High precision galvanometersThe HIGHmotion 2D is equipped with a cover slide before collimation and a monitored cover slide for the object lens to ensure most reliable production and a high degree of uptime. The design pre-vents contamination and the associated

FDDL technology enables direct modulation of 561 nm lasers with unprecedented speeds and an ultimate high on/off contrast with zero photons in the off state, which is favorable for laser scanning microscopes and multicolor microscopy techniques.

Optimized to withstand strong back reflections: HIGHmotion 2D remote

laser welding head

Now what are the features of this new remote laser welding head? We take a closer look: The II-VI HIGHmotion 2D is rated for 6 kW average laser power in continuous wave operation and is op-

timized to withstand strong back re-flections that are typical in aluminum welding. The advanced optical design enables excellent imaging quality by minimizing thermally induced focus

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DATES & CONTENTS

1 15 January 2019 Publishing date05 December 2018 Advertising deadline05 November 2018 Editorial deadline

Focus: Photonics West Laser Sources Beam Forming / Beam Analysis Optical Components

3 03 June 2019 Publishing date 25 April 2019 Advertising deadline 25 March 2019 Editorial deadline

Focus: Laser World of Photonics Laser Sources Laser Welding and Cutting Optical Components with Company Profiles

4 01 August 2019 Publishing date27 June 2019 Advertising deadline 27 May 2019 Editorial deadline

Optoelectronics Positioning Systems Optics Manufacturing

5 15 October 2019 Publishing date10 September 2019 Advertising deadline09 August 2019 Editorial deadline

Additive Manufacturing Plastics Processing with the Laser Laser Materials Processing (micro and macro)

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2 15 March 2019 Publishing date 08 February 2019 Advertising deadline 11 January 2019 Editorial deadline

Optical Measurement and Testing Technology Industrial Machine Vision Additive Manufacturing

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6 22 November 2019 Publishing date 17 October 2019 Advertising deadline17 September 2019 Editorial deadline Special Issue: Best of Applications Laser Materials Processing (micro and macro) Optical Measurement and Testing Technology Industrial Machine Vision

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Contact: Advertising: Änne Anders, +49 6201 606 552, [email protected] Editorial: Dr. Oliver Dreissigacker, [email protected]

IN A NEW LOOK - PhotonicsViews · 2018. 11. 16. · fore, gas lasers such as argon-ion or...

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