Composition of Arizona Forages, with Comparative Data

Item Type text; Book

Authors Catlin, C. N.

Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ)

Download date 23/03/2022 22:59:27

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196372

Bulletin No. 113 Dccembet 1, 192^

Imwratg 0f ArtpnaCollege of Agriculture

Agricultural Experiment Station

COMPOSITION OF ARIZONAFORAGES, WITH COM-

PARATIVE DATA

Bi C. N. C U L I N

PUBLISHED BY

UNIVERSITY STATIONTUCSON, ARIZONA

ORGANIZATION

BOARD OF REGENTS

EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS

HIS EXCELLENCY, GEORGE W. P. HUNT, Governor of Arizona. Phoenix

HONORABLE CHARLES O. CASE, State Superintendent of PublicInstruction * - - Phoenix

APPOINTED MEMBERS

ANTHONY A. JOHNS . .. „ - PrescottTHEODORA MARSH, Treasurer .-.NogalesJOHN H. CAMPBELL, LL.M TucsonEVERETT E. ELLINWOOD, LL.B., Chancellor PhoenixCLEVE W, VAN DYKE, Secretary MiamiCHARLES M. LAYTON SaffordJOHN J. CORRIGAN ..... - PhoenixROY KIRKPATRICK . . ... - Globe

CLOY!) H. MARVIN, PhD. , LL.D —- President of the University

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

JOHN J. THORNBER, A.M - Dean and DirectorJAMES G. BROWN, Ph.D Plant PathologistWALKER E. BRYAN, M.S - Plant BreederPAUL S. BURGESS, Ph.D.. .. . : . . Agricultural ChemistWALTER S. CUNNINGHAM, B.S . Dairy HusbandmanGEORGE E. P, SMITH, C.E. ... , - Irrigation EngineerCHARLES T. VORHIES, Ph.D - EntomologistMARGARET L. CAMMACK, Ph.D. .. Research Specialist in Home EconomicsHARRY EMBLETON, B-S. - - Poultry HusbandmarRALPH S. HAWKINS, M.S AgronomistALLEN F, KINNISON, B.S CitriculturistFRNEST B STANLEY, M.S Animal HusbandmanDAVID W. ALBERT, B.S , Assistant HorticulturistSTANLEY P. CLARK, B.S Assistant AgronomistRICHARD N. DAVIS, B.S Assistant Dairy HusbandmanF.LIAS I f . PRESSLEY, M.S. Assistant Plant BreederHAROLD C. SCHWALEN, M.S Assistant Irrigation EngineerRUBERT B. STREETS, Ph.D Assistant Plant PathologistSAM W, ARMSTRONG, B.S Assistant Irrigation EngineerTAN A. BRIGGS, M.S Assistant AgronomistANDREW A. NICHOL, B.S. - . .. .„„ Assistant EntomologistG. GORDON POHLMAN, M.S. . . Field Assistant in Agricultural ChemistryEVERETT L. SCOTT, M.S - Assistant Animal HusbandmanHOWARD V. SMITH, M.S Assistant Agricultural ChemistMALCOLM F. WHARTON, M.S Assistant Horticulturist

EXPERIMENT FARM FOREMEN

CAVE J, WOOD Salt River Valley Farm, MesaT. LESLIE STAPLEY „...Tempo Date-Palm Orchard, Temp*JAMES G. HAMILTON, B.S. „ Yuma Valley and Mesa Farms, YuraaCARL W. CLARK, B.S , , Prescott Dry-Farm, PrescottJ, RUSSELL REED „ .r .„ ..„.,. „.., „...„.„„ University of Arizona Farm, Tucson

FOREWORD

This manuscript was submitted for publication by Professor C. N.Catlin as a first draft about one year ago. Later, in conference withProfessor Catlin it was agreed to omit from this publication the sectionrelating to Range Classification. At that time it was understood thatProfessor Catlin was to add to this manuscript some more data, and ina later draft to make such changes as he thought best. Professor Catlindied November 12, 1925, without making these proposed additions andcorrections. The writer as Director of the Agricultural Experiment Sta-tion with the aid of members of the agricultural chemistry section, has-made such changes in this manuscript as have seemed wise.

As botanist of the Agricultural Experiment Station the writer collectedmany of the samples of forages, analyses of which are given here, andidentified all of the native forage plants listed in this publication.

J. J. THORNBER,

Director, Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station,

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION - - - 155

INTERPRETATION OF ANALYSES - 156

Condition „.. - - 156Water -~ 156A«h __ _ - 156Crude Protein - - - - 156Crude Fiber -. . .„_• 157Fat 157Nitrogen-Free Extract .,.. _. 157

DIGESTIBILITY 157,

COMPARISON OF SOME RANGE FORAGES WITH ALFALFA HAY 158

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA - 170

TABLES

Table No, L—Composition of Forages 16U

Table No. II.—Composition of Hays,, 166

Table No. Ill,—Composition of Silages, Fodders, and Grains 168

Table No. IV.-—Composition of Miscellaneous Feeding Stuffs 170

Table No. V.—Digestibility of Feeding Stuffs as Reported by Various Experi-ment Stations * „ 171

COMPOSITION OF ARIZONA FORAGES,WITH COMPARATIVE DATA

BY C. N. CATLIN

INTRODUCTION

Stockmen on the southwestern ranges, due to financial depressions anddrouthy years, frequently pass through very difficult and perplexing times.During these seasons they receive little or no profits from their business,and they often suffer serious losses. At such times it is important thatall possible means be taken to maintain the grazing capacity of theirranges by using the most efficient methods. In a section of the South-west where at least 80 percent of the public lands are used chiefly forgrazing purposes, the feeding value of the forages at their differentstages of growth, and at maturity, should be seriously considered.

The value of a range is determined largely by two factors—the amountand kind of the grasses and other forage plants growing on it, and thewater supply. The kinds of forage determine largely the value of therange. Knowing the feeding value of forages at different stages ofgrowth and at maturity, and the effect of weathering on them, thestockman may be able to work out a system of range rotation to his ad-vantage. Perhaps he can provide in some measure a kind of balancedration on his range som'ewhat similar to that on the modem stock farm.

Forage plants constitute no small part of the flora of Arizona. Changesfrom one season to another are followed by almost as definite changesin the classes of forage available for grazing. As a result of this conditionthe capacity of the range to support stock is not measured by acres, butrather by available vegetative growth and the feeding value of the same.

During periods of drouth and consequent shortage of grass, animals livelargely on browse, such as mesquite, cat's claw, palo verde, and jojobe,which analyses show to have a definite feed value*

The data included in this bulletin have been compiled from analysesmade during the past 25 years in the Agricultural Chemistry laboratoryof the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. In publishing thisinformation the desire is to make available to stockmen data which upto this time have not been published, or which are widely scattered in anumber of publications.

flP}RllI[l/ ,IUIU\ !ill/flll \ I',

1I'TERPRETATlO" OF ANALYSES

CO~D1TJOK

The fc~dlllg \ du<- 01 l.lllgC fouge, Jcp~nd, LugclJ upon the amount 01 gro\\th Jnd the lllJwrin, togcther IHth the leaching ,Ind weathering that m.n hl\e tll.<-Il plll<-' ,Ind 11.1'0 upon the n'oistulc-content of the feed.

WATER

!\fOl'tUI<.. tornl' irnm ;5 tu 90 per':Lnt uf the weight of green plant,. Ordin,lrih !t l' ,oll,!dcrcJ of no fccding \:!.Iuc; howcler, it influence, (he pJIJ.tlbiIitv of the f<-ed, and unJ<-r 'effil-arid conditions on the range It ttlJy po~ibh· hive a ,~luc not fully recognized. The chemist detel­minc' the .lmonnt of w.ltcr in ,\ feed bv drying a ,mall, welghed quan­my of the find) -dil ided materi,l] in In Ol'en at the temperature of J-lOiling water (preferably in a \acuum) for a few hours, and weighing 19ain. The difference between the first and last weights represents the Imount of water in the .ample. Bv this heating process small amount, Df vo1.ltile 'Ub'tJllCC- ,1fC driven off, but the weight of such compound, \> gener,llh in,ignific~nt.

For purpo'cs of compJri>all, th<: result< of chemical analyoes of feed, may be expre,'Cd a~ percent on the air-dry basis, or on the basis of the ?,teen m~terial a~ actuall;· eaten by stock,

ASH

The a,h ~ub~tJ.nce, pre,ent in feed play ~n important p.l.rt in the physiologic~l proccss of digestion, but they po:,;,e~s little or no value a. ,ource. of energy. Under remi-arid conditions the a.h content of forage, is generally 'Omcwhat higher than is that of forages in humid regiom. Lime and pho'phorm build up the bones, ,md ~ulphur and phosphorll~ ,Ire ncceSHn constituent. of :llllmal cclk In fact, mineral compound, cnter into life proceOl:e. to a great e\:tent, Itimubting the body cells and directing the various "ital proceoses of the animal body. The common feeding ,tuff, contain all the necessary mineral salts, at least in small Jmounts, Good-qu:l1itr roughages will usually furnish sufficient mineral matter, with the exception of common salt. The ash is determined by burning a wClghed portion of the material :lnd weighing the residue.

CRUDE PROTEIN

Thit, include ... the nitrogenous material from which the animal derives its musde tis:.ue, ligaluents, hair, and replacement material lost in the welT and tear on the hodv ti~sue! caused by life's activities. The more

(()I/P(J,llfO\ OJ. ,R{/()\~ ;'()Rj(>F~ , '

protein 1 gllell feed contlins, the bettLr It- qu~lit: as compared with other ~imilar feed,.

The most rapid mcrea,e in nitrogenou:, m,lterial occurs in tnL e,lrlv growth of the plant, .:lnd .:l~ the plant appro,\ehes maturity a steady ~nd marked ~tarage of proteins takes place, especially in the 3eed.

The proce" of determining the Clude protein in feeding -tuff· con~ ~Ists in findmg the nitrogen content and multiplying thi! re_ult by 6,25, "ince Jbout .jvtLLn percent of plant protein i, nitrogen.

CRUDE FIBER

The cf'll walb and wood~ material of the plant (thL lllo-t mdlge,tible part. of feed) afe included under thi~ heJding. Anllllal. that chew a cud digest some crude fiber by mean, of fermentation du,- to ba1:terial action III the intestines. The more crude :fiber a feed \l)nta1llO, the poorer is its quality compared with other feeds of the same lind.

That which remains after a feeding stuff has been boiled in weak acid and alkali successively, and the dissolved material wa'hed out, is termed crude fiber. It consists mostly of cellulose and i, Ie ... dige~tible and hence lower in nutritive value than ~re the other nutrient~ of feeding ~t\lff'.

FAT

Next to protein, fat is the most v.Juable part of ,mimal feeds. It fllrni,hes a portion of the he:lt and energy which are required by the animal, especially in cold weather. This heat and em:rg} result from the ~xidation of the digested food in the body. One pound of fat is equal to 2y.t:. pounds of carbohydrates in heat~producing value.

Anhydrous ether dissolves the waxes, resins, chlorophyll or green colol""' ing matter, and similar substances from finely pulverized dry feed, This ether extract is termed crude fat.

NITROGEN~FREE EXTRACT

The sngars, starches, non-nitrogenous organic acids, and like substances of the plant, together with some of the more soluble ponions of cellulose. are included under this heading. The nitrogen~free extract is more soluble and hence more digestible than is the fiber and thus has a higher nutritive value. The roughages carI}' much woody fiber, and contain less of these mOre soluble carbyhydrates than do the concentrates.

The nitrogen-free extract ordinarily is found by subtracting the ~um of the other determined substances from 100 percent.

158 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN No, 113

DIGESTIBILITYA* Iced pasbes through, the alimentary canal of an animal, a portion

of it disappears and is said to have been digested. The digested nutrientsdo not necessarily all pass through the animal membranes into the bodyproper. Neither does the digested nutrient in one feed produce thesame benefit to the animal that an equal amount of the same nutrient inanother feed produces.

The nutrient value of a feed nevertheless, may be largely estimatedby its digestibility, and by its content of digestible materials.

The coefficient of digestibility is the percentage of the particular nutri-ent which is digested. The simplest method is to determine the per-centage of each class of nutrients in the feed which is digested, sincethis is the only portion of the feed that is of use to the animal.

The Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station has made only a fewdigestion-feed experiments with our range forages; however, a limitedamount of information on this subject is Included in this publication fromwork done at other experiment stations.

COMPARISON OF SOME RANGE FORAGESWITH ALFALFA HAY

The common California poppy (Eschscholtzia mexicana) is higher inprotein and fat than is alfalfa hay, and the nitrogen-free extract is 10percent higher than that in alfalfa hay.

Cotton-top grass (Panicum lacnanthum) contains about the same foodelements in both fresh and old growth, and is somewhat less valuable asa feed than is alfalfa hay.

Indian Wheat (Plantago fasfigiafa) plants apparently are not uniformin feed value; chemical analyses show them to have their greatest nutri-tive value in the rosette stage.

Yucca has a much lower feeding value than does alfalfa hay, but it isespecially high in carbohydrates.

The leaves of mesquite (Proso^is) are equal in feeding value to ex-cellent alfalfa hay. Mesquite beans are lower in ash and much higher innitrogen-free extract than is alfalfa hay.

Palo verde twigs have considerable feeding value, though, this is some-what lower than is that of alfalfa hay.

Green grama grass (Bouteloua) has over twice the nutritive value ofthe dry, weathered, grama grass hay. It is much lower in protein thanis alfalfa.

COMl-OSITIOX OF ARIZONA FORiGFS T9

The various saltbushes (Ahiflex) contain almost as much, protein,slightly less fat, and about the same amount of carbohydrates as doesalfalfa hay. Several of the saltbushes native to Arizona have been shownto resemble closely the Australian saltbush (Atiifiex semibaccata) inquality of feed.

Alfilaria hay (Erodium cicutarium) compares \ ery favorably with No. 1alfalfa hay; however, when weathered it loses much of its feeding value.

The cholla, tassajo, prickly pears, and various other cacti contain, onan average, about one-half the protein that alfalfa hay does; they havea low percentage of crude fiber and a high percentage of nitrogen-freeextract.

Fresh acorns of the red-oak group have about 88 percent, and of thepost-oak group, about 65 percent of the feeding value of alfalfa hay.

Attention is called to the high ash content common to most of thesedesert forages.

EXPERt.Ufo \ l' .\ I .~·IIO,\ BULI.ETIN Nn. ZIJ

- -'BELl> ~" r -CO:\fPOSrnON OF FORAGES

I Nitrogen_

SlTial Crud, Crud. free ::qo. De.c,ir1wn "'V.'t~r A.h protem nber F" extract

------PNcent Pe,,,cnt Pe,lcnt P~rcenl Perceot Perc~nt

7~1S. Poppy (E;d".koJt~io ;

"'.ilJ<;can~). Full , :fl"".r "ith green , . ., p"d_. fr",h ~6.9~ 17~! 2..n~ 0.44 6.41

7::15. Poppy (E«,,\.I")lf~·.' ~I~,

me,";cana). Same, I d~ . ).70 IUII~ HI.15 323 46.75

"22.3. Seed pods uf poppy (Esrh"k"!t,,~ ,

l7urica",.). Dn 4.43 ~I~ nl7 12.53 27.96

7228. Woolly-foot (lJotlt,lo,,~ """poda), Seed. hU.n, $1.n1.l

7.661~ ,-, iows t~ll, dry 2.80 30.31 15' 52.08

"22Q. Cotl'm.tn? I P"tHc<n UzNJ.anlhtlIllJ. Mo&tly

, froth gro"th, <11')" .. _. 2.81 ~1~.~1 L36 50.11

71~n. Cotton_top (P"nic,,'" ucnantk""'). Old i growth 2·3 yoars old

~1~ of , .. me plant, dry 2.47 8.67 1.11 50.58 _. "~~l. SpruQ."-top gro01.1

(Bollt./ou4hromoiJc: ) i I ,.]1) incheshigh. Seed, ,

hll~n. Not many <>Id 6.34-1 S.63 i 3\.49 "~!lU!, d~ 2.06 1.24 52.Z4

------,--- -7212- T.m"Ie·t"p (A,.J,~.

1 t pogo,. Confvrttls). i , ,

Stem. ~·!6 inehe.

_~I~!~I~~_ Ho70 hi"h, dry, ge~d. fe"

.,-

72~:!. Wlldddnd~li"n (Cal)'. ('''em Wright,;). I' , Entir .. pI~"'. d,v '1'J7 1111, 1(1.47\ :!.2.~il '6~1 44.S! -- ---- 1--

72~4. Indian Whc.,t (P[<1n- , t<tga jllItigi<1la).

1_'-"I~~n16I~I_l~_~ Whr:u, pl.on!, d" ---. 72H. Indian Wh~.,t (pI,,,,.

t"g~ f";!'gi"t,,). ,

12.89 i 38.75 I H~,d" dry i 7.81 ' iii O.~O 34.18 1 , •

(.. ().UPU'[ 11V \ Or' .IRlil(1 \:1 ~·[)R.~(.tS

TABLE !I;". I (C"nt",,,~d)

"itrnllen.

De"~rjpt!Un Crude Crude free

A.b protem tiber Fdt C~!"'<:t

-1----1----------Sp~ni.h dagger (1'", <" .p.). (Fiber remul oJ).

_ Pulp .• _. 8.551 --I-AC'C'C"-,C',-(CEC,-,CdCill-"-,-I---- --------,------.­

ci,,,lJIrum,). 11'l.~cd,

fr""h ~ I .;; I 11.19

-'-I--,--~-'I------'---- -Alfilaria (E,,)(/.',,/}. "cutMi,,",). III

___ I'.·_"'_d_._d'_'C· ____ ,i ______ ~9.~+ 11.3; ~~ __ 41.1'; .

• \.lfil~,ia (Krodill1l' I "o"tan"",). H.!} I from .tack, fr.-sh MS~ 13.31) 13.49 2".'i5 2.20 -Il.:;~

-'-'-'-"-,-ia-(CE-,-,-,,-·,,-,.-,-' ------- ---,,",,f,tT,",><). H" ' from stack, dry 1+.59 14-.21 22.,6 2.4-2

--1----1------------Alfilarid (Erod;",,, !

,i",fari"m). R",ett~ I ,t~ge, fre,h ~\ ~4 2.+8 3.99 I.W I OA·2 ;.~~ Alfiidri.1 (Erodium --------,----,------ --

,;"da1'lIIm). R"","-Ie I .t.lg~, dry .. ___ I~~~-="~ H.;o_

Alfilari~ (Ered;lI", I

"",Ia.fum). Ilw t I (dam~l\'eJ) m,,·t1r I I I

__ ,Itoml, origin.,) i 11.6111~'~""::!~' _~ __ !~~~_

Altilod.L (EF!ldi"", i I (,,"tdrItON/. H 'JI I (d.,maged) mo>!I~ I

__ I",'m', dry , ____ ~_~~~ 2.4) _+~.~ Al/lbria (E.ud;,,,,. cI.u!4d"",) } J,. I (d"mag.-d) mMtl1'

1,':"_m_·c,--:"i:,"_d_,c, ___ ._'_'_"_'I_'_'_+~_'_'_·_"_) 1_'_'_"_'_\ 1.20 ___ ~_"_"_"_ I ;,;'; ?'ill 16.13 I 1.,4 (j9.2~

--Yucca. Young .tern., J" " --

-.---i--"-l~--U;;;-' 19'W\-----on--6726-------:-+-::--!'. --:--:-:----!--------

72 I I 1.';'; 2.119' 4- SO 0.4-3 19 H

-- --Yucc". 0," or"m'

--6'i41\ y"cr,. N(). I, fr"h

16~ 1.\PER1.lIE.\J· ST-H·IO.\ BULLET/S .\D. 113

T.\IILE Xo. I (Continued)

; Crude C'o ud~:

I~~i p"',;e --'-""-I I 63.; I 3.34 1.12 7.1'1 '-1---, I I

l~i~I~~ I i I

!\cri t! ~". Dcscdptiolt

-11-,---':--:---:-~'.j.l'l Yuoc,. Xo. 2, It<',h

i lIolesquite (PI·'"P'

I' ,:c/utlna). BC3n" .ur-d,)' _. __ ,

1.1+;'1 MC'~Lic~ (Protopi<

I""/"ti".,). Pod. 73.1%, air-d,")'._

__ 11_ -----,--1 ;+:;,1 Mesquite (p,OtOpi<

I vs/ua"aj. Seed" 22.9%, .ir.d,)"

I 5.64 1 5.33 I 6.21 32.49

1---1--

1 , .. ::. M •• quitn (p,o;;opis v~/uti .. ,,). Shell. of ,ee,b, air-dty _

--"1---'----'---I~+'. Me$qu;tI! (PrO$~pj$

ve/wi .... ). Kern,," "f seed, air-dry __

7.81

892

6.36 ---

, 1 ' 3.+9, 37.33 660 I , ' ----,----1 , I I

2.13 i 9.91 I 9.39 ---------

-I-.H 53.48 4.53 ---------

I M<l$quitc (p, ~I01'i! udulina). L.avcs I .

IJrr ... -.. - --.- i-i~ 7.,0 28.90

~~1, P.lo Verde (Parkin- I

I F.n

0.34

2.58

1.+9

6.09

1.12

8.90 ---

490

Nitrogen. f,ee extract

2-1-.,5

53.9+

5+.4·8

46.;]

77.49

28.66

40.10

sonia). Twigs, i 'ir-dry _ ... __ ....•..•.. 1 __ ',_10 ___ ',_70 _ __ '_0,_" ___ 3_6,_0_' __ 3,_'_0 _1 __ 3_9_,°_'_

2'),1. Watergra .. (Chloris deg ..... ). Air-dry '_I~ 11.76 8.58 33.62

.:)4;,1. GI"aJlll! gra .. (Bo~u_

l~tJd ~/.igQstGch!l")'

1.61 36.53

Growing, ~ir.dry_. 6.Qg 14.06 6.50 28.19 1.82 42.45

CO.1Jl'OSI no.\ OF .-IR1ZQ,\.~ FOR.J(;ES 163

Tl,RLE ~<, , (Continuool)

Serio' N" ne9cription I

I Nitrog~". Crude Crude I free

W.lter ~ protein fiher F.1! eX!r"! --1-----1-- ,1--1---:!i79. Saltbueh (A/rlplex I ' __ +'_-_'I_'_-_"_'}_,_A_"_"_'_'_I __ 6_,_'.1 ~,~ 2i.O; I~i

, 'I 2331.

-2821.

Saltbush (Atf"ip/4X ,anesc"...). Air-dry. ~~I-==- 30.02 i~~ (Atriplu $.",;baccata) , Au.trali~n 'altbu'h I'

__ I_A.".-<1'~ __ """''''' __ I._6,.30. 17.90 14.13 20751,_.'.".',1 .. 3.'.,8.'_ 2823. Saltbush (Arriplu

__ +'_"C'C'_"C,)_, __ A_,,_-<1_-C, __ ] __ "_,_'.l 23.~O 12.;61,~1~1 __ "_'_'_"_

2826. Saltbu,h (Atrip/el< poZyear",). In full

bloom, ~ir-d,y _ ... 5.73 13.19 13.06 29.90 1.90 36.22 -1----1------------29B. Saltbu.h (A:riple:t i

"Gronata). In full bloom, air·dry _.

Saltbu.h (A triple" .p.). Air-dry .•..

7.16

660

18.97 13.69 19.53 1.86 38.79 /--1--1--

Ii.+O 13.50 22.60 1.50 38.40 --1--------1--1--1--7324. Me •• grama (Houte_

to .... Rot/Ho,k;'). In head, knee_high. Juot pM"ing pollen s!ag~, fre.h _...... . ..... ~ 64.56 2.99 2.99 13.03 0.72 16.56

-]----]----------1---7324. M~.a grarna (B.#&4-

/ou .. RctMwk;i). In h<!ad, knee-high. Just pu.ing polleq stage,

'i.IZ 8.25 us H.90 1.97 air-dry _. __ ..... . -1----1----------1--7325. Foxt:l.ll (Smm<l .p.).

Wa.ist.high, p.sl 2.69 1.83 9.73 0.37 10.47 blooming, fre,h 75.97

-1---'---1----------1--7325. F01tail (S~t","i .. • p.).

4.27 10.74 7.31 38.76 1.49 41.71 Waist·high, pasl blooming, air-dry " ..

=-:-]-,::-:---=----'---]----------I,-~ 7326. Side.-oahgrama

(B~uul~,,& "4,.",~,a) Neatly waiat_high. PutpoUenat.ge, fl'e9h 67.16 3.48 us 13.22 0.81 13.59

164 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN No 113

TABLE Ko 1 (Continued)

Sen ilNo

-126

7^28

3255

3255

3256

3256,

W7

^257

3259

1259

3258.

1258

Deisuiption

Side oats gi im\(Boufe, loua ra^t-ino sa )Neirlv waist-highPast pollen stige,iir-dn

Six-wetks needle-grass( drtittda bromoide,s)Knee-high, just past

blooming-, f i esh

Tumping choll i(Opunfta fttlgtda)

Without iruit, Iresh

Jumping* choll t(Opwitttt julgida)

Without fruit, dry

Cholla (Oftmfta sp )Fruit, fresh

Cholla (Oputttta sp )I-ruit, dry

Tassajo (0-puntmsptttostor). Without

fruit, fresh „

Tassajo (Qpwtwsptnosior) Withoutfruit, dry

Tassajo (OptmtiatpMtosior) Fruit,

fresh

Tassajo (Opunitaspmosior) Fruit, dry

Prickly peai (OpimttaEngelmannii) * Stemsfresh

Prickly pear (OpunttaFngetmawi'u) Sterns,dry

Watei Ash

4 ̂ l i t n

•>! 59

7779

7945

75 54

78 9S

7721

i S2

424

19 09

2 58

12.56

463

18 18

2 ^ 8

n i 9

• i lS

1831

Ciudtprotein

q T^

i ^1

1 60

~ 19

1 37

667

1 77

694

146

692

089

388

Ciudenhu

3X44

I" 61

1 66

-4"

2 99

1457

258

1015

4 5 0

21 38

262

11 50

fit

2 ^6

t! 91

0 U

1 S3

i r

567

049

1 92

1 35

644

039

1 72

Nitrogenfrettxtiact

39 ^2

22 "S

1437

6473

1244

6052

1601

6282

1096

5205

14-j

6455

OF

I ABLE Ni I (Continued)

Smal\o

1260

i2ro

8111

10171

10172

10175

10176

10412

<>883.

Description

Nopal lie Cifatillae( Qpttnttd ^tillae)Stems, f i csh

Nopal dt Cistillae(QpuntiA LaittUae)Stems, dn

Caieleba vieed( 'Amaranth asPalmtn) Fresh _

Saltbush (Atnplexlenufornus) SiltRiver Valley, air-dry

Yucca leaves (Yuccamoiavtnns) King-man Air-dry

Creosote bush(Covilha, trtdentata)Branches, air dry

Cultivated lettuce,fresh

Bear grass (Nohnamtcroi arpa) Northof Oi ich Dry #

Cat-tnl or Tule(Typha auguvftfolta)

Leaves, air dry

Cat-tul or Tula(Typha augusftfolta)Air diy

Cat-tail or Tula(T^,pha an gttstt folia)Frtsh

Wirtgrib^ Avengeof 4 ^implts, air-dry

Wircgriss \ver^g(.of 4 simples, fresh

Water

8828

7001

1 <54

4 3 1

4--Q

95 00

567

12 HO

81 10

575

61 10

Ash

285

2431

460

11 W

> ^4

S 06

061

315

734

900

1 60

5 5 9

228

Crudeprotein

0 9 3

793

253

21 60

4 3 3

n v

105

468

490

670

1 80

937

383

Crudefiber

1 18

11 76

1031

10 19

11 64

11 21

0 5 7

4496

2853

3300

620

3214

H26

Fit

0 2 5

216

059

1 I s

1 90

19 14

0 18

223

179

1 70

030

222

092

Nitrogen*freeextract

631

5384

11 91

4992

5248

43 3S

2 59

4498

51.77

1680

880

4493

1861

166 EXPERIMENT SIATION BULLETIN No. 113

TABLE No I (Continued)

SerialNo. Description

Acorn, Red-oakgroup. Dry

Acoi n, Red-oakgroup. Fresh

Acorns, Post-oakgroup. Dry

Acorns, Post-oakgroup. Fresh

Foxtails. Miscel-laneous. Air-dry

Salt grasses. Miscel-laneous. Air-dry

Greasewood. Air-dry..

Brush feed. Air-dry.,

Live-oak (Quercttssp.). Leaves

Water

5.66

50.00

5.97

50.00

680

5.30

4.60

5.1)0

6.23

Ash

2.32

1.23

2.36

1.26

10.10

12.60

1440

2 8 0

6.60

Crudeprotein

6.06

3.22

5.59

2.97

9.10

8.10

19.80

5.40

9.28

Ciudefiber

18.73

Fat

20.11

9.93

12.28

6.52

28 60

30.50

24,50

46.50

29.93

10.65

646

3.43

2.60

2.00

2.40

240

2.66

Nitrogen-freeextract

47.12

24.97

67.34

35.82

42.60

41.50

34.30

37.90

4530

COMPOSITION OF ARIZONA FORAGES

TABLE No. II.—COMPOSITION OF HAYS.

167

SerialNo.

5394.

5395.

7204.

2809.

5439.

5439.

6665.

6665.

9900.

Description

Tepary beans (Phase-olus acutifolms \ar.).Kay No. 1, diy

Tepary beans (P/iase-olus acutifolius var.).Hay No. 2 ..„

Cowpea (Vignastnensis) . H ay

Wheat hay

Alfalfa hay, No. I__.

Alfalfa hay, No. 2 ...

Alfalfa straw (Mesa)

Alfalfa straw (Yuma)

Barley straw, dry

Prairie grass, dry

Bermuda grass (Cyno-don dactylon). Dry

Tobosa or blackbunch grass (Hilariawiuticd) - ..-_

Rhodes grass (ChlorisGay ana). Average of4 samples, dry

Sudan grass (Andro-pogon halepensis var.)Average of 23 samples

Johnson grass (Andro-pogon halepensis)*Average of 17 samples

Alfalfa hay. Air-dry

Water

Percent

10.22

9.80

3.70

5.82

6.73

4.53

3.46

4.79

8.87

6.59

10.10

5.93

Ash

Percent

13.29

13.70

8.07

7.42

8.42

8.42

8.26

5.01

6.64

8.59

7.92

9.99

10.04

6,94

7.50

9.86

Crudeprotein

Percent

19.95

21.54

9.51

4.29

16.21

14.89

8.95

6.44

4.08

6.83

7.17

3.61

5.76

5.97

6.60

18.75

Crudefiber

Peicent

17.71

17.61

29.10

28.75

29.52

29.86

41.46

49.48

41.96

37.55

24.00

32.78

31.84

28.65

30.20

21.88

Fat

Percent

2.94

3.04

2.16

1.46

2.61

2.33

1.87

1.13

1.75

3.08

1.75

1.18

1.56

1.62

2.10

1.90

Nitrogen-freee\ti ict

Peicent

3xS9

34.31

4-.3S

52.26

36.51

39.97

36.00

33.15

45.51

43.94

49.39

45.85

43.23

43.63

43.50

41.68

16> Flb.RlllE\r Sl'.~J'/(J.\ BCLLETI.\";'" If,

TABLE X<I. II (Contmucu)

i I I I Nitrogen. Serial etude ('rI,d~ ,free

No. ])~SC!;pt;ou I~~ p,<>tcin fib~IJ~I' __ ~ 10192 AUdlfahoy. Ol"de I 1 I

No. I, air-dry_ ... ___ 1 5.2" r,.~.; 19.:'5 22.321 2,~:; 4-3,58

I ----------------

10193 AlfnlL1 h.li" GI.l,J~ I I ttundard, nir-dry .••. ~~ 11116 ,- 6'; I -1-2 3KII --'---

10520 Alf . .Jfaszr"".Air_dry I 4.10 6.99 10.68 35.42 2.26 +M:; -------------------

~336. Elephant grn ... Fre.h i ~2.82 2.14 1.56 6.52 0.28 6.68 ,---'---

7336. Elephant g'.s" I ' ---,-----------

I , 91 I I' oj.- 9.H61 ~~ Y3 Air_dry -_ .. _ ... .. -I~" ;_:::..:. ].64- 18.90

81'92. ---,---,

Rhode"Krn .. (CMom '113 i 11 +11 I G")(md). Air_dry. _ :; ~,I 11 99 1. :;6 +n."

--1--------------Smooth bromo gla" I I i (Bro",,,, ;"u.",;.). ..

Air-dty ,

q~ 7.62 7.61 31.43 2.3'( 45.51 _._.- _ .. -!

Smollch bromo grn., (/Jromu. i"ermh). ,

-------------Fr..sh _ .. -.-.- .... I 4U7 4.1U 3.74- 1~.1':1 I.Z~ 24.72

(()HP(JSlf}O\ ()~ . . -lRI7.0\.1 ~()R./(,F:~

'[ .\llLE ...;" !II ---t:O""U'OSITIOI\' OF "IL.\Gl<.S FOl)l)}'R... \XIJ GR \IX~ . .. . . , . ,

~eri.ll 1 em",

I I Nitroge l" Crud. I fl j'e

No. Ik'"iptLon W.lte, ~~ fib", 1 ~.It nil let

Pe,o.n! P"ccnt I P~rcent PeLc""t PCLecnt I'lL<t1lt ~199.1 Smghum Ilbge. ,

iF,nm ,ilo · 75.17 2.~8 1.13 6.4-1 0.+8 HY1

-I -----------------! '19. : 5IHgimm sL]alfe.

i "'Lr·d1j'. .. · 6.6'; 10.82 427 24.09 1.79 ;2 n

~i FcteLita "lalle. ------ ----

From .110 . 5-1-.29 2.43 3.92 6.57 111 l.j. II~ _-I ---------, 720n. 1 Fetellt., .iLlg •.

Air-dry · 6.03 4.j';' 7.65 12.83 220 66.;; ---

~214. COIn sj!J.ge. From ,ilo - - .. _-_ ..... _- 74,43 1.8.;.1 1.~9 7.3() , 1J.42 H.Il

---7214. Corn siloge. Air-dry ,.24 6.82 6.99 27.06 1 57 5232

---------&137. Papago sweet corn

silage, 1922, from silo 71.20 2.iO 2.47 7.89 n • .;g 1 '>16 --- .

8137. Pap.go sweet corn lilage, 1922, air-dry._ 9.11 8.52 7.81 24.87 1.84 ';'7.85

----------------8638. Popago sweet cOm

sil.ge, 1922, from silo 71.23 1.96 2.24 7.59 0.85 16.13 ---------

8638. P~p .. go sweet corn silage, 1922, air-dry_. 607 6.41 7.32 24.77 2.78 ,2.6,

---------8639. Red Amber sorghum

• ilag~. Fromoilo_ . 67.86 2.30 2.30 7.25 0.64 19.6, ---

8639. Red Amber sorghum silage. Air-dry_ 7.25 6.63 6.64 20.92 1.82 <;6.74

---------8619. Hega;ri .ilage. From

lilo -----~.- 62.06 3.47 1.95 7.~0 0.81 24.20 --------- -

H619. Hegari silage. Air-dry 5.62 6.61 4.88 18.65 2.08 60.16

--- ---------8620. Hegari stover. From

$ilo -- - 27.92 10m 1 3.30 22.93 !.SS 33.30 ---------

8620. Hegarl stover. Air-dry ------ 3.H ~~L~:~I~ 2.14 i #.73

8618. Hegari fodder. Fr .. h 18.80 6.361 4.10 14.17 2.i11 54.46

170 F\PERIVENT STATION BULLETIN No. 113

TABLE No. Ill (Continued)

1

Sei ialNo.

8618.

8620. I

8620.

8138.

8138.

8640.

8640.

9273.

9890.

9891.

10190

10191

2290,

2290.

2290.

Descilption

Hegari fodder.4.ir-dry ~.

Hegan stover silage.rrom silo - -

HTegari stover silage.Air-dry —

Sunflower silage.Cochisc Farm, 1922.From silo . - - ~~

Sunflower silage.Cochise Farm, 1922.Aiir-tiiy

Sunflower silage.CochiseFarm, 1923.?rom silo —

Sunflower silage.CochiseFarm, 1923.Air-dry .

Stock beets. Air-diy..

Corn, silage. SaltRiver Valley Farm.From silo

Hegari silage. SaltRiver Valley Farm,1924. From silo

Corn silage. UniversityFarm, 1925. From silo

Sorghum silage.University Farm,1925. From silo

Corn leaves. Air-dry..

Corn stalk

Corn grain (!)._.

Corn grain (2)~

Water

5.62

71.87

4.98

83.26

6.98

75.61

5.97

4.80

78.85

69.50

72.10

74.70

6.15

6.00

8.21

10.15

Ash

7.40

3.59

12.16

2.89

16.04

3.09

11.91

11.80

2.08

2.53

1.80

1.98

11.81

7,49

1.79

1.30

Ciude>rotein

4.76

0.74

2.50

2.27

12.62

2,30

8.88

16.62

2.54

2.16

1.45

0.97

10.06

3.69

13.13

8.88

Crudefiber

16.45

8.03

i27.06

5.31

29.48

7.55

29.09

11.14

7.00

6.32

7,75

4.12

23.81

31.61

1.61

2.02

Fat

2.4?

0.68

2.29

0.45

2M

1.12

4.33

0.40

0.41

0.78

0,53

0.72

1.72

3.43

4.79

1.26

Nitrogen«freeextract

63 12

H.09

51.01

5.82

3 2 3 7

10.33

39.82

^5.24

1412

18.71

16.37

17.51

46.4?

47.78

70.47

76.31

COMPOSITION OF ARIZONA FORAGES 171

TABLE No. Ill (Continued)

SerialNo. Description

Ff egari grain.Average

Milo heads. Average

Milo giain

Water

9.92

7.90

8.59

Ash

1.99

4.40

1.60

Crudeprotein

10.32

10.29

12.13

Crudefiber

2.51

7.21

1.81

Fat

2.53

3.09

1.20

Nitrogen-freeextract

72.S9

67.08

74.67

TABLE No. IV.—COMPOSITION OF MISCELLANEOUS FEEDING STUFFS.

SerialNo.

6742.

2523.

Description

Cotton burs, dry. ,..

Sword beans

Sorghum refuse

Rice polish, air-dry ..

Almond hulls. 7.3%tannin — -

Cotton, burs

Water

9.14

9.34

5.25

4.80

8.08

Ash

4.05

4.57

10.17

8.80

7.87

Ciudeprotein

9.96

27.05

2.62

14.37

5.50

9,11

Crudefiber

27.05

32.98

9.43

17.33

33.69

Fat

9.34

1.39

16.50

3.23

2.92

Nitrogen-freeextract

45.59

49.06

44.28

60.33

28.30

P2 r \PERIM£M S / 4 / / O V BVI LEI IN Ao

SUPPLEMENTAL DATASince the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station has completed onl)

a few digestibility te*t> of the range foriges, these data ha\e been assem-bled from \inous sources Much of this information has been securedirom le\ib publication* where this work on range forages common tothe Souths cbt has been carried to a greater extent than that in any othersouthwebtern experiment station

I comparison of the digestibility coefficients of the range forages in-cluded in Table V showb in geneial that their feeding values are muchle^h thin arc tho^e of alfalfa hay Mesquite pods*, however, are a strikingexception to thi^ statement, and this fact may explain why the pods areso eagerh Bought after by stock on mesquite ranges Some of these rangefeeds are mereh sustaining rations which «en e to carry grazing animaLo\er dry periods,, of which ordmanh there are two moie or le^ distinctones annual!) in Arizona

In the cabc of the high digestibility of crude fiber in certain feedUsuch as prairie hay, the net nutritive value is not greatly increased be-<L luse a large part of the energy denied from this ^ource is used in thedigestion proce^ The principal \alue of the feed is to sustain the animal

temporarily

1ABLE No V -—DIGESTIBILITY OF FEEDING STUFFS A.S REPOR1EDBY VARIOUS EXPERIMENT STATIONS

Description

Vlt alt i Iny Avenge of 18 sunplts

Bermuda gnss (Cynodon daciylon)Hiy, averige of 3 simples

lobosa griss (Hilana muttca) Hiy^uvtrig-e >t 4 <nmplts

Mesquite (Prosopw velufma) Pods,ivenge of 2 simples

Live-utk leive4 .

Cholla wctus (Opuntia sp ) Fiuit(Sheep)

Witer grass (Chlons ehgms)Average of 2 simples (Sheep)

Ash

4987

3373

1990

4012

S91

Crudeprotein

7529

53 10

1995

9041

4980

379

Crudefiber

4617

5317

5450

5890

1042

1279

1789

Etherextract

3840

4160

3695

9530

2970

7413

030

Nitrogen-Ireeextract

6883

5063

4745

8129

2690

76.09

1668

COMPOSITION OF ARIZONA FORAGES

TABLE No, V (Continued)

DescriptionCrude

Ash protein, Crude! fiber

Etherextract

Nitrogen-free

Bear grass (Nolina micro car pa).Average of 3 samples. (Sheep) 64.44 , 36.00 I 64.72 61,84

Rhodes grass (Chloris Gay ana). Hay,average of 4 samples. (Sheep) ' 34.36 46.62 69.98 I 52.59 i 64.32

Soap weed (Yucca elata), Stems,average of 5 samples. (Sheep) | 4.14 32.81 70.41

Prairie hay. Average of 6 samples.(Sheep) _„_ 9.40 10.80 ! 58.40 142.00 | 51.80

Sudan grass (Andropogon halepensisvar.)- Average of 6 samples.(Young cattle) i 47.40 . 70.60 58.40 67.80

Johnson grass (Andropogon halepen-sis). Average of 8 samples 44.00 67.00 46.00 ' 57,00

" ' ' 1Acorns (mixture)

Sunflower silage 33.19 ' 1208

14.97 ! 83.88i

76.77 ' 54.53

50.59

7435

Salt grasses 45.00 i 59.00 1 35.00 53.00

Saltbushes (Atrlplex sps.). „ .i

Prairie grass, Texas, average of 110 samples j 7.57

75.00 i 14.00

4.38 28.97

| 41.00

S! 2.13

56.00

48.79