IMPROVING THE VOCABULARY MASTERY STUDENTS TROUGH DIRECT METHOD

for the requirement of the DEnglish Department of Tarbiyah

of Ala

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENTTARBIYAH AND

ALAUDDIN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF

VOCABULARY MASTERY OF THE SECOND YEAR TROUGH DIRECT METHOD OF MTS SYEKH YUSUF

SUNGGUMINASA, GOWA

A Thesis

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the requirement of the Degree in english education. ish Department of Tarbiyah and Teaching Science Faculty

lauddin State Uslamic University Makassar

ADE IRMA BAHARUDDINReg. Number : 20401106113

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENTTARBIYAH AND TEACHING SCIENCE FACULTY

ALAUDDIN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OFMAKASSAR

2010

THE SECOND YEAR OF MTS SYEKH YUSUF

egree in english education. aculty

TEACHING SCIENCE FACULTY

ii

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI

Dengan penuh kesadaran, penulis yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini,

menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini adalah hasil karya penyusun sendiri. Jika di kemudian

hari terbukti bahwa ia merupakan duplikat, tiruan, plagiat atau dibuat orang lain secara

keseluruhan atau sebahagian, maka skripsi dan gelar diperoleh karenanya , batal demi

hukum.

Makassar, Desember 2010

Penyusun

ADE IRMA BAHARUDDIN Nim: 20401106113

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah, a deepest gratitude should go to Allah SWT. This research

would never be completed without His Blessing and Mercy. The researcher should

thank for the invaluable physical and spiritual health Allah has lent during the process

of this research. This thesis writing has been finished, under the assistance, direction,

and guidance of some people.

Therefore, the researcher would like to express her greatest gratitude and

appreciation, especially to:

1. The researcher’s father, Baharuddin Serang, her mother Maimunah, and her

Familly who always pray, encourage, educate and provide countless material

supports, so that, she could finish this thesis writing and her study in UIN

Alauddin Makassar.

2. Prof. Dr. Azhar Arsyad., M.A. the Rector of State Islamic University Alauddin

Makassar.

3. Prof. Dr. H. Moh. Natsir Mahmud., M.A. The Dean and all of the staffs Tarbiyah

and Teaching Science Faculty of Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar.

4. Dra. Djuwairiah Ahmad, M.Pd, M. TESOL. The Head of English Education

Department, Tarbiyah and Teaching Science Faculty of Alauddin State Islamic

University of Makassar and all of the staffs of her.

5. The researcher’s consultants, Prof. Hamdan, M.A., Ph.D and Drs. M.Rusdi,

M.Ag. who always gives her much knowledge especially in formulating thesis

draft till becomes thesis. Their correcting made her bouncy in facing challenge

and obstacle.

6. All of the lecturers of Tarbiyah and Teaching Science Faculty of Alauddin State

Islamic University of Makassar for their guidance during her study.

7. Head Master of MTs. Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa, Gowa Dra. Hj. ST. Saharinah

and English teacher of the second grade (VIIIA) Rahmiati. S.S in Academic Year

of 2009/2010 who has kindly given her one class to do research and

enthusiastically participated in writer’s research. This thesis would have not been

possible completed without their cooperation.

8. The Second Grade Students of MTs. Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa, Gowa 2009-

2010, especially for the VIII A class who gave their time and willingly

participated in her research.

9. Special thanks to all her greatest classmates (PBI 5&6) of English Department

Alauddin State Islamic University 2006 they are ; Nurasia Ramdana, S.Pd,

Amelia Fitriani,S.Pd, Izzatul Jannah,S.Pd, Rahmadani,S.Pd, Mutmainnah,S.Pd,

Subaedah,S.Pd, A.Hamsinar,S.Pd, Asmawati,S.Pd, Rahmaniah,S.Pd, Ratna

Dilah,S.Pd, Baharia,S.Pd, Rahmawati,S.Pd, Nurhandayani,S.Pd, Sahidah,S.Pd,

Irfiani Bakri,S.Pd, Nurmayanti,S.Pd, Ummul Muafiah,S.Pd, Dzul Ashfiah,S.Pd,

Sukmawati,S.Pd, ST. Faridah,S.Pd, Mardiana,S.Pd, Shabrun Jamil,S.Pd, Muh.

Dzuljalal Alhamdani,S.Pd, Mashun,S.Pd, Muh. Zulkifli,S.Pd, Fidiatun Adian,

S.Pd, Sofyan Haris,S.Pd, Mursal,S.Pd, Samsuar,S.Pd, Akmal Isnaini,S.Pd,

Muh.Miftadil,S.Pd.

10. All of the researcher’s friends in PBI intake 2006-2007, who accompanied the

researcher to study, helped to solve the problems and gave affection during her

study.

11. Her friend all at once as elder brother and sisters during KKN; Syurhasriati,

Nurbiah, Rahmatia Razak, Masyitah, Irma Irfiana, Syamsul Bahri, irwansa and

hedar.

12. The entire of researcher’s senior in PBI, Ulfa Jihadah S.Pd and Rahmawati, S.Pd

who motivated and supported her.

13. All of the people around the researcher’s life whom could not be mentioned one

by one by the researcher who have given her big inspiration, motivation and spirit

to her.

i

LIST OF CONTENTS

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................. i

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI .................................................................. ii

PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING............................................................................iii

PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI.........................................................................................iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................v

LIST OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................viii

LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................... x

LIST OF APPENDICES ...........................................................................................xi

ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1

A. Background...................................................................................... 1B. Problem Statement........................................................................... 3C. Objective of the Research................................................................ 3D. Significance of the research............................................................. 3E. Scope of the Research...................................................................... 4

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE...................................... 5

A. Previous Related Research Findings .............................................. 5B. Some pertinent Ideas……………………………………………... 6C. The Principle of Teaching and Learning Vocabulary………… 13D. Definition of Direct Method…………………………………… 15E. Techniquesin Teaching and Learning Vocabulary……………… 16F. Theoretical Framewor …………………………………………21G. Hyipothesis………………………………………………………..22

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD................................................................23

A. Design of the research……………………………………………23B. Population of sample…………………………………………… 23C. Variable and Instrument.................................................................24D. Data collecting procedure…..…………………………………….25E. Data analyzing technique…………………………………………26

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION......................................................28

A. Finding……………………………………………………………28B. Discussion……………………………………………………….. 32

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION............................................35

A. Conclusion………………………………………………………...35B. Suggestion………………………………………………………...36

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CURRICULUM VITAE

APPENDICES

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1 : The score of the students’ Pre-test…………………………….29

Table 2 : The score of the students’ Post-test……………………………31

Table 3 : The means score of the students’ Test…………………………32

Table 4 : The T-test of the students’ knowledge…………………………32

ix

ABSRTACT

Thesis Title : Improving the Vocabulary Mastery of the Second Year Students Through Direct Method of MTs. Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa, Gowa

Researcher : Ade Irma BaharuddinConsultant : 1. Prof. Hamdan, M.A., Ph.D 2. Drs. M.Rusdi, M.Ag.

This research aimed to increase the students’ English vocabulary at the second year students of MTs Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa Gowa and expected to be useful information to increase teaching of English vocabulary especially at junior and sonior high school. This research is limited to the use of picture dictionary through direct method is a kinesthetic activity that invoves all students in the class and that facilitates short exchange between students.

The researcher would use two variable in this research as follows: improving vocabulary through direct method (X) is the independent variable and the students’ English vocabulary (Y) is dependent variable of the research. This research use one instrument that is test would administrate before that treatments to get data on the student prior knowledge, while post-test we would gave to the students after the last treatments to get data in the impact of through direct method. The total number of populations were 50 students.

The researcher applied purposive sampling techniques, named class VIII consist of 20 student. The researcher done the research during the four meeting. The result ot this research showed that the second year students of MTs Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa Gowa had a “poor” achievement before improving vocabulary through direct method applied. After this method applied the students’ had “very good”achievement. It can be seen from the result of student’ post-test is higher than the result of student’ pre-test it means that direct method is effective in increasing the students vocabulary.

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

The acquisition of vocabulary may impact the comprehension of

reading important as Vocabulary. However, English vocabulary command

shares significant contribution to the effort of mastering English.

In fact, the students sometimes ask question about how to learn,

develop, and retain vocabulary and its meaning. These questions are certainly

universal that most language learners often encounter. For example of the

case happened at the second grade students of Madrasah Tsyanawia. Syekh

Yusuf,sungguminasa Gowa, where they just have little vocabulary because

teaching traditionally of English vocabulary showed more complicated.

Teachers just gave list of vocabulary to students and asked them to memorize

vocabulary. That does not connect to their daily activity. That is why,

students can not use the vocabulary for their activities.

One of the teachers who is teaching English at the second grade of

Madrasah tsyanawiya. Syekh Yusuf, Sungguminasa Gowa, Rahmiati, has

applied some strategies such as the students were asked to find out the

vocabulary that they do not know in the dictionary. She considered that when

doing this, the students did not only see what they were looking for, but they

could also see and paid attention to vocabularies. Spontaneously, the students

read and remembered the vocabulary they had seen but, it did not totally

support to improve their vocabulary.

2

In teaching vocabulary, the teacher has so many difficulties to improve

the students’ vocabulary. That is why, many English teachers try to build up

the students’ vocabulary by using various teaching strategies in teaching.

Teacher should find the effective technique to teach English vocabulary.

Instruction are needed to help the students’ understanding and increase the

effectiveness in communication between teachers and students in teaching and

learning process. It is also used to stimulate the students’ motivation and

students’ interest to the lesson.

One of the instruction that can be used to teach English vocabulary

effectively is using Direct Method. The direct method is not new. Its principles

have been applied by language teachers for many years. Most recently, it was

revived as a method when the goal of intruction became learning how to use a

foreign language to communicate.

In fact, the educator also felt that the advantages of direct method could

reinforce the students, so that is why, the episode of direct method was begun

and it does not end yet until to day. After knowing about learning styles and

different need of people when pervading information, the most important thing

that we should know that direct method is the ideal instrument of reinforcement

study to tactile learners. Tactile or kinesthetic learners are those who learn

through experiencing/doing things. For this reason, tactile learners may

become bored more quickly than other students while listening to a class

lecture (Fleming: 2010). They are children or adults, people who always need

rough sketches on something and take hold of something or work on something

continuously, mainly when they are pervading new or difficult information.

3

Based on the description above, the researched would like to choose

direct method to overcome problems of learning vocabulary. Using direct

method that hoped improves students’ English vocabulary especially to the

second year students of MTs. Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa, Gowa can learn

vocabulary repeatedly without feeling bored. Using direct method also is

effective to improve the listening, speaking, reading, and writing skill.

B. Problem Statement

By looking over the background above, the program statement can be

formulated as follows:

Can direct method improve the students’ vocabulary at Madrasah

Tsanawiyah Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa Gowa?

C. Objective of the Research

The research aims to know the effectiveness of vocabulary through

direct method at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasah

Gowa.

D. Significance of the Research

The result of this research and expected to provide useful information to

increase the teaching of English focusing the vocabulary mastery, which can

give constribution to language teaching and contribution to learners

especially at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Syekh Uusuf Sungguminasa, Gowa.

4

E. Scope of the Research

The scope of this research is focused on identifying the students’

ability, overcoming the students’ problems, and improving the students’

ability in memorizing English vocabulary trhough direct method at the second

year students of MTs. Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa, Gowa

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATRED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the preview related research findings, some concept

of vocabulary, teaching method and direct method.

A. Previous Related Research Findings

There are some researchers who have conducted research on vocabulary

building. Suwarni (2003:5), in her research about increasing the vocabulary

mastery for the third year students of MAN. 1 makassar trough crossword puzzle

formulated problem statement, namely : (1) what is the vocabulary mastery of

the third year students of MAN. 1 Makassar? (2) is learning English vocabulary

through crossword puzzle effective increasing students’ vocabulary mastery? (3)

what is the students attitude toward learning English vocabulary through

crossword puzzle? The research result indicated that learning English vocabulary

through crossword puzzle is effective increasing students’ vocabulary mastery.

Other research, Rosniati (2003:3) wanted to increase the students

vocabulary toward quiz. The problem statements were (1) how is the teaching of

vocabulary to the students in using quiz? (2) how is the influence of using quiz in

teaching vocabulary to the students? In rosniati’s research, she found that quiz

can be used to improve the vocabulary teaching of the students in teaching

English.

6

In addition, Nur azizah Amiliddin (2006:45) wanted to teach vocabulary

through classroom simulation games to the students. Her research objective was

to find out whether yes or not there is a significant different on vocabulary

mastery between the students who are treated by using conventional technique.

After finishing her research, she proved that there is a significant difference on

vocabulary mystery between the students who are treated by using classroom

simulation game and those who treated by using conventional technique.

From all the findings above that suwarni wanted to increase the vocabulary

mastery by using crossword puzzle, Rosniati wanted to increase the students’

vocabulary through quiz, and Nur azizah amiluddin wanted to prove that

classroom simulation games bring a significant difference to teach vocabulary.

The researcher itself wanted to improve the students’ English vocabulary

through diract method.

B. Some pertinent ideas

In this part, the writer tries to explaine the concepts of vocabulary that

related to improving students’ vocabulary. In this concept, the writer try to

explain about the difinition of vocabulary, kinds of vocabulary and some

techniques use in the presentation of new vocabulary items.

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1. Definition of vocabulary

According Victoria N. and David B (1995:1494) Vocabulary is a list of

word and often, phrases, abbreviations, inflectional forms, and all the word

used by a particular person, socioeconomic group.

Hornby (1989:1425) state that Vocabulary is tha total number of words

that make up a language, list of words with their meaning especially one which

a companies a text book in foreign language.

According to Good (1958:642) Vocabulary is the content and the function

words of language which are learn to thorougly they become a part of child’s

understanding, speaking and later reading and writing vocabulary. He also

defines vocabulary as the words having mening when heard or seen even

though not produced by individuals him self to communication of with other.

Hocket (1959:5) states that a word consist a sound, or a combination of

sound, that has become conventionalized in culture or linguistic community,

that is commonly use in certain responses belonging to the some community.

Webster (1983), vocabulary is arrange or sombol or techniques,

constituting a means of communication or expression, Caster in Rosniati

(2003,26), vocabulary is the word having meaning when heard or see even

though not produce by individual himself to communication with other.

Bogus (1975) states that vocabulary is: a) A list of words and phrases,

especially one arrange in alphabetically order and defined or translated lexicon

8

glossary, b) All the words language, c) All the words use or understood by

particular person, class, profession, etc, d) The range of expression at person’s

disposal espessially an art.

According to the writer vocabulary is the word of a language which have

meaning and function. From some definitions iven though are different suond

from each other, but the important point of the devinition is that vocabulary of

word influence people to make up a language.

2. Types of vocabulary

Vocabulary is the stock of lexical items in a language, for the purpose of

teaching and learning activities. Word in a language are small elements, which

could make up a language.

Language classify is vocabulary into two kind namely receptive

vocabulary and productive vocabulary. Receptive vocabulary refers to the

words or lexical items, which can be recognized and comprehend in context of

listening and reading. While productive vocabulary refers to words which we

use in speaking and writing.

Some clasifications of vocabulary are given in the following:

a. Schail (1967:57) steta that every persons has three types of vocabulary as

follow:

1. Active vocabulary.

9

The word we costomarily use in speaking and probably runs from

5000 to 10000 words.

2. Reserve Vocabulary.

The word we know but we rarely use in speaking , we use them in

writing.

3. Passive Vocabulary.

The words we recognize vaguely, but are not sure of the meaning,

we never use them in neither speking or writing.

According to Nuttal in Nikmawati (1993: 6 ), active vocabulary consists of

words that we use and know well by ourselves and passive vocabulary consist

of words that we understand approximately when we meet them, but can not

use them.

Donoqhgue (1973) in Mardiah (2002: 7) divides vocabulary into four

types, they are;

1. listening or hearing vocabulary, it refers to the words a person

understand when he hears them.

2. speaking vocabulary includes the words a person uses in

expressing himself orally.

3. reading vocabulary, embraces the words that person understand

when he sees them in printing or in writing.

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4. writing vocabulary is chronologically acquired last and only

includes the words a person uses or can in writing composition.

Furthermore types of vocabulary (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocabulary);

1. Reading vocabulary, a person’s reading vocabulary is all the words he or

she can recognize when reading. This is largest type of vocabulary simply

because it includes the other three

2. listening vocabulary, a person’s listening vocabulary is all the words he or

she can recognize when listening to speech. This vocabulary is aided in

size by context and tone of voice.

3. writing vocabulary, a person’s writing vocabulary is all the words he or

she can employ in writing. Contrary to the previous two vocabulary types,

the writing vocabulary is stimulated by its user.

4. speaking vocabulary, a person’s speaking vocabulary is all the words he or

she can use in speech. Due to the spontaneous nature of the speaking

vocabulary, words are often misused. This misuse-though slight and

unintentional- may ne compensated by facial expressions, tone of voice, or

hand gestures.

b. Harmer (1991:159) divides vocabulary into two types, which are:

1. Active vocabolary revers to vocabulary that students have learned

and which they expected to use.

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2. Passive vocabulary revers to words that students will

recognizewhem they meet them, but which they will probably not

be able to produce.

c. Legget (1982: 148-149) point out that there are two types of vocabulary :

1. Passive of recognize vocabulary which is made up words, one

recognize in the context of reading material but he does not

actually use him self.

2. Active vocabulary which consist of working words used daily in

writing and speaking.

In eddition, Page and Thomas (1971:461-462) devides vocabulary

into four kind, namely:

1. Oral vocabulay, consist of words actively in speech. They are the words

that come readily to the tongue in conversation, the more often the person

utters a words, the more readily it will come to his tongue.

2. Writing vocabulary, consist the words that come readily to ones finger

vocabulary.

3. Listening vocabulary is the stock of words to whoch one responds with

meaning and which

4. Reading Vocabulary is the stock of words to one respond with and which

are understood in the writing of others.

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3. What the students need to know about vocabulary

Harmer (1991) explines four aspect of vocabulary that students

need to know about. The four aspect are word meaning. Word use, word

formation and word grammar.

a. Word meaning

One word may have than one meaning. The meaning of the word

depends on the context in whict that word occurs. Therefore, in the

teaching of vocabulary, word taught to the students shoud be presented in

a variety of context to show various meanings.

b. Word use

The meaning of the word can be changed. Stretcher or limited by

how it is used and this is something that students need to know about. In

relation to the word use, Harmer (1991) states that students need to

recognize such thing, such as word collocation that is which words go

with each other. For example, such a word as ‘wrist’, but it cannot

collocate with the word ‘head’. So we have such a collocation as ‘sprain

head’. On the contrary, the word ‘ache’ can collocation with ’head’ as in

‘headeche’, but it cannot get such a collocation as ‘ wrist ache’

13

c. Word formation

Word formatiom refers to word form and how they formed. Some

words are noun, some word are adjectives, some word are verb, etc. the

students need to know about how to form adjective from noun to

adjectives, how to form verb to nouns, or from adjective and etc. for

example, beauty (noun) changed to beautiful (adjective), or beautiful

(verb). (Chew and Kaur in sahabuddin, 2000: 159)

d. Word grammar

Word grammar refers to such things as the way words are used

grammatically. In English, for instance, some verbs are used with to

(want to, walk to), but some other verbs are used without to (can, way,

etc).

English verbs have tenses such as verb ‘want’ may changed to

‘wanted’, ‘speak’ may change to ‘spoke’ or ‘spoken’. The students

need to know when they are use properly.

C. The principle of teaching and learning vocabulary

Wallace (1989 )infoms that there are various main principles of teaching

vocabulary. They are:

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a. Aims

The teaching vocabulary, we have to be clear about our aims, how

many of vocabulary listed we expect learners to do. If it is not clear on this

point, it is difficult to assess how successful the vocabulary learning has been

attained.

b. Quantity

Having decided on what involved in vocabulary learning, we may then

decide on the quantity of vocabulary to be taught, the number of new words

that our students can learn. If we expect the words that will be taught become

part of students’ active vocabulary, then put the number of words as low as

round ‘five until seven new words. Clearly, the actual number will depend on

a number of factors varying from class to class and learner to learner. When

there are too many words, the students may become confused, discourage, and

frustrated.

c. Need

In most cases, the choice of vocabulary taught to the students, the

teacher uses books course books is syllabuses. In any case, the teacher in

choosing the vocabulary that is going to be taught will relate to the aim of

course and the objectives of individual lesson. It is also possible for the

teachers, in a sense, to put the responsibility of choosing vocabulary to be

taught to the students. In other words, the students are put in the situation

15

where they have to communicate the words they need, as they need then,

using the words as the information.

d. Frequent exposure and repetition

Teaching and learning vocabulary there have to be certain amount of

repetitions until there is evidence that students can recognize the target words.

The simplest way to chacking that the learning has been done is by seeing

whether the students can recognize the target words and identify their

memory. If the words to part of the students productive vocabulary, they must

be given an apportinity to use them, as often as neccesary for them to recall

the words, with the correct stress, pronunciation and identify their meaning.

e. Meaningful presentation

Presenting the vocabulary lesson, the students must have a clear and

specific understanding of what words denotes or refers to. The requires the

referance and denotation of the words that are presented in such a way afre

correcly and unambiguous.

f. Situational presentation

The words presented are appropriate to the students’ situation. With a

favorable condition, enough time consuming and convenient method, the

students will automatically succeed in learning vocabulary.

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g. Presenting in context

Words very seldom occur in isolation, so is important for the students

to know the usual collocation that words occur in. so, from the very beginning

the must appear in its natural envirinment as it were among the words

naturally collocates with. Collocations are words which are commonly

assosiated.

D. The definitoin of direct method

The direct method is not new. Its principles have been applied by

language teachers for many years. Most recently, it was revived as a method

when the goal of intruction became learning how to use a foreign language to

communicate. Since the Grammar-Translation Method was not very effective in

preparing students to use the target language communicatively, the Direct

Method become popular.

Diller (1978) the Direct Method has one very basic rule: No translation

is allowed. In fact, the Direct Method receives its name from the fact that

meaning is to be conveyed directly in the target language through the use of

demonstration and visual aids, with no recourse to the students’ native language .

L. Sauveur (1826-1907), who used intensive oral interaction in the target

language, employing questions as a way of presenting and eliciting language.

17

We will now try to come to an understand of the direct method by

observing an English teacher using it in a scuole media (lower secondary school)

class in Italy. The class has thirty students who attend English class for one hour,

three time a week. The class observe is at the end of its first years of English

language intruction in a scuola media.

Sauveur and other belivers in the Natural Method argued that a foreign

language could be taught without translation or the use of the learner’s native

tongue if meaning was conveyed directly through demonstration and action.

E. Tecniques in teaching and learning vocabulary

Allen (1983:21) classifies the tecnique in teaching vocabulary for

beginner classes as follows:

1. Let the students look at several words that are introducet in the first yaers

textbook, words representing nouns, verbs, adjectives and other kinds of

word. For the young learners are emphasized in simple words such as the

animals, fruit, etc, in noun. Simple verbs that they are usually used in

everyday, name of colors, characteristics of persons in adjectives and many

other that are easy to children comprehending.

2. Showing some pictures, expecially the pictures that students draw

3. Showing the real object

4. Definition in English, using vocabulary that students knew already.

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Wallace (1989:30) states five steps to learn or to achieve vocabulary in

the mother tongue and the target language as follows:

1. There is a felt need.

2. The learner is exposed to an enermous quantity of his own Slanguage

with tremendous scope for repetition of what he learns.

3. The learner control his own rate of learns.

4. The target language is nearly always encountered in appropriate situation

and appropriate context.

5. Since the words are the learned as they arise out of a felt need in a

particular situation they usually clear denotation.

Davies in Richards and Rodger (1986:42) give sample lesson plans for

use with situational language teaching. The structure being taught in the

following lesson are “This is a…” and “that ‘s a…”

Teacher. (holding up a watch) look. This is a watch. (2X) (pointing to aclock

on wall or table) That’s a clock. (2X) This a watch. (putting down watch and

moving aross to touch the clock or pick it up) This is a clock. (2X) (pointing

to watch) That’s a watch. (2X) (picking up a pen) This is a pen. (2X) (drawing

large pencil on blackboard and moving away) That’s a pencil. (2X) take your

pens. All take your pens (students all pick up their pens).

19

Teacher Listen. This is a book. (3X) This.(3X)

Student This. (3X)

A student. This (5X)

Teacher. This is a pen

Student. This is a pen. (3X)

A student (moving pen) this is a pen. (6X)

Teacher. (pointing to blackboard) That a pencil. (3x) That. (3x)

Student. That (3x)

A student. That (6x)

Teacher. That’s a pencil

Student. (all pointing at blackboard) That’s a pencil.(3x)

A student. (pointing at blackboard) That’s a pencil.(6x)

Teacher. Take your books. (talking a book himself) This is a book. (3x)

Student. This is a book. (3x)

Teacher. (Placing notebook in a visible place) Tell me…

A student. That’s a notebook.

20

You can now begin taking objects out of your box, making sure they are as far

as possible not new vocabulary items. Large objects may be placed in visible places

at the front of the classroom. Smaller ones distributed to students.

Davies et al (1986:43) likewise give detiled information about teaching

procedures to be through direct method. Teachging sequence of activities they

propose consist of :

1. Listening practice in which the teacher obtains his student”s attention and

repeats an example of the patterns or a word in isolation clearly, several times,

probably saying it slowly at least once (where is the pen?),separating the

words.

2. Choral imitation in which students all together or in large groups repeat what

the teacher has said. This works best if the teacher gives a clear instruction

like “repeat” , or “Everbody” and hand signal to mark time and stress.

3. Individual imitation in which the teacher asks several individual students to

repeat the model he has given in order to check their pronounciation.

4. Isolation, in which the teacher isolates sound, word or groups of words which

cause trouble and goes through techniques 1-3 with them before replacing

them in context.

5. Building up to a new model, in which the teacher gets students to asks and

answer questions using patterns they already know in order to bring about the

information necessary to introduce the new model.

21

6. Elicition, in which the teacher, using mime, prorapt words, gestures, etc, gets

students to ask questions, make statements, or give new example of the

pattern.

7. Substitution drilling, in which to the teacher uses cue words (words, pictures,

numbers, names, etc) to get individual students to mix the example of the new

patterns.

8. Question - answer drilling, in which the teacher gets one students to ask a

question and another to answer until most students in the class have practiced

asking and answering the new question from.

9. Correction, in which the teacher indicates by shaking his head, repeating the

error, etc, that there is a mistake and invites the students or a different student

to correct it. Where possible the teacher does not simply correct the mistake

himself. He gets students to correct themselves so they will be encourage to

listen to each other carefully.

F. Theoretical framework

The mastery of vocabulary becomes very essential since it plays an

important role to make language work. The teaching and language learning

technique should be varied with and technique that enables students obtain new

vocabulary more than by using some common techniques.

22

The main focus in this research is to application of direct method in

teaching vocabulary to what extents the direct method to improve the students’

vocabulary command. Language teacing invokers may kinds of activities are

expected to engage students’ attention in learning. It also helps to ensure that

there is input before output.

Therefore students can be profited with a suitable input before they

produce the word trough four skills for instance : listening, writing, reading,

speaking, and output will be the students’ mastery on vocabulary by using some

command teachniques.

The theoretical framework underling this research is given in the

following diagram :

Input Process Output

Vocabulary material Through Direct Method Vocabulary

(some new students’ material

Vocabulary)

There are three variable: imput, process and autput are rely classified as

follow:

- Imput to the some new vocabulary

- Process refers to teaching activity through direct method

- Output refers to the students’ memorizing vocabulary.

23

G. Hypothesis

1. . : There is no significant difference between increasing students

vocabulary before and after being taught through direct method.

2. : There is significant difference between increasing students vocabulary

before and after being though through direct method.

24

CHAPTER III

METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

The chapter deals with research design and variable, population and

sample, instrument of the research, procedure of collecting data and technique of

data analysis.

A. Design of the research

The research, used pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and

post-test. In this research to see the teaching through Direct Method whether can

increasing vocabulary of the student, at MTs Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa Gowa.

The design is formulated as follow:

O1 X O2

Pre-test Treatment Post-test

B. Population and Sample

a. Population

To know about the condition of population in composong this thesis,

the writer axplains condition of population. Arikunto

(2006) has viewed that population is the total of the research subject. the

population of this research is the second years students of Madrasah

Tsanawiyah Syekh Yusuf Sungguminsa Gowa. The total of the research

consist of 100 from two classes.

25

b. Sample

in taking sample, the researcher is going to use random sampling

techique. The researcher randomly chose 10 student from each two class so

that the total number of sample is 20 from two class.

C. Variable and Instrument

a. Variables

There are two variables involved in this research namely dependent

variable and independent variable.

1. The dependent variable : The students’ vocabulary mastery, and the student

attitide toward the use of vocabulary masrery in teaching Einglish

vocabulary.

2. The independent variable : the use of vocabulary mastery in teaching

vocabulary.

b. Instument of the research

This research use just one instrument that is test. The test would

consist of pre-test and post-test. The pre-test would administrate before the

streatments to get data on the students’ priore knowledge, while post-test we

would give to the student after the last streatments to get data in the impact of

direch method.

26

D. Data Collecting Procedure

In collecting data the researcher will using the following procedure:

1. Giving a Pre-Test

The pre-test would be given to the students before streatments by testing;

the purpose is to know ability students’ mastery vocabulary trough direct

method.

2. Giving Streatment

The streatment would be given to the student by teaching trough direct

method for four meeting. For detail informarion, the researcher would

explain the streatments in every meeting in the following:

a. The first meeting: the researcher introduces and explain about element

of language. One of them is vocabulary.

b. The second and third meeting: the student are given some English

material. Each material has some new vocabulary taugh by oral and

written processes.

c. The four meeting: the researcher ask them one by one about vocabulary

given at the previous meeting.

3. Giving a Post-Test

The Post-Test will be given to the students after streatment to know

the students’ achievement in memorizing English vocabulary after

aplying direct method.

27

E. Data Analyzing Tecnique

The analyzin data collected is through the pre-test and post-test. The

researcher analyzing the data by using the following procedures:

1. Scoreing the students’ correct of pre-test

2. Clasifying the score of the students’ pre-test and post-test

a. Score 90-100 : Very good

b. Score 70-89 : Good

c. Score 50-69 : Fair

d. Score 30-49 : Poor

e. Score 10-29 : Very poor

3. To find out students mean score, the writer will apply formula:

28

4. Standard deviation

5. Fending out significant differences between pre-test and post-test by using

formula:

29

CHAPTER IV

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This chapter consist of two section, namely the finding of the research and

discussion. In the discussion section, there were futher explanations of the

finding given.

A. Findings

In collection data, the writer administered test. The test rewe done two

times. Pre-test was given before the treatment and pos-test were given after the

treatment. The test results are used as data to be analized in this research.

a. The classification of the student score before the treatment or pre-test is

presented in tale 1 bellow:

Table 1

No Classification Score Frequency Percentge

1

2

3

4

5

Very good

Good

Fair

Poor

Very poor

90-100

70-89

50-69

30-49

10-29

-

-

2

7

11

-

-

10

35

55

Total 20 100

30

The table 1 shows that before the streatment was given, there were 1 (5%)

out of 20 students in fair classification, 12 (60%) of them were in poor

classification, 7 (35%) of the students were in very poor classification. It can be

conclude that before streatment, the students’ knowledge was still low about

vocabulary.

It is also necessary to find out the students’ average means score this

mean is calculated by using the formula:

The calculation above shows that the mean score of the first year students MTs

Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa Gowa. Based on the previous classification, there score

above is classified as the poor. This also implies that there were some factor hamper

the students in using Direct method.

31

b. The classification of the students score after the streatment or post-test

is presented in table 2 bellow:

Table 2

No Classification Score frequency Percentage

1

2

3

4

5

Very good

Good

Fair

Poor

Very poor

90-100

70-89

50-69

30-49

10-29

9

11

-

-

-

45

55

-

-

-

Total 20 100

Mean score

The table 2 shows that, after the treatment was given there were 9 (45%)

out of 20 students in very good , 11 (55%) of them were in good classification

knowledge about vocabulary was in very good classification.

Table 1 and 2 indicated that, there were different score of pre-test and

post-test. In the pre-test the students’ knowledge was poor in vocabulary and

after the treatment the students’ knowledge was very good in vocabulary.

32

c. The students’ mean score of tests (pre-test and post-test) is presented as

follow:

Table 3

The mean score of the students’ tests (pre-test and post-test)

Tipe of test Mean score

Pre test 35,65

Post Test 86,7

Table 3 shows that the mean score of the students pre-test was 35,65

and mean score of the student’ post-test was 86,7 it discrribes that the mean score

the students pre-test were different.

To know whether or ot the different of the mean score is statically

different at the level of signivicance. The statistically analysis of pre-test and

post-test is presented as follow:

Table 4

The t-test of the students’ knowledge

Variabel t-test value t-table

− 22,58 1,725

33

Base on the table above, the value of t-test was higher (22,58) than the

value of t-table (1,725). it means that the there is a significance between the

result of the students pre-test and pos-test, on the other hand, H0 is unacceptable

or H1 is acceptable.

B. Discussion

In this section, the writer discuss about the students’ mastery

vocabulary from the significant differences between the pre-test and post-test

score, and the applying direct method in increasing the students’ vocabulary by

showing the final result (t-test and t-table).

Based on analysis of the data obtain from the students’ pre-test, the

means score is (22,58). It can be concluded that the students’ vocabulary is still

low. While the students’ vocabulary based on post-test is (86,7). It means that the

students’ post-test is higher that students’ pre-test.

Relating to the result above, it indicates that after giving the treatment

thtough direct method, the student had better achievement of vocabulary. This

can be seen through their score of pre-test and post-test (86,7 > 35,65 ).

The result of t-test showed that the volue of the t-test (22,58) is higher

than the value of the t-table (1,725). it means that direact method is effective in

increasing the students’ vocabulary.

34

Based on the result, the researcher concludes that the second year students

at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa Gowa have better ability

on vocabulary after having treatment through ditect method.

35

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION

A. Conclusion

Base on the result presentation of the research and the discussion of the

data analysis, the writer concludes that:

The researcher applied purposive sampling techniques, named class VIII

consist of 20 student. The researcher done the research during the four

meeting. The result ot this research showed that the second year students of

MTs Syekh Yusuf Sungguminasa Gowa had a “poor” achievement before

improving vocabulary through direct method applied. After this method

applied the students’ had “very good”achievement. It can be seen from the

result of student’ post-test is higher than the result of student’ pre-test it

means that direct method is effective in increasing the students vocabulary

The mean score of the students’ pre-test was 22,58 and the mean score of

the students’ post-test was 86’7 (table.3) and the result of the test showed that

the value of the t-test 22,58 is higher than the value of the t-table 1,725 (table

4), it means that direct method is effective in creasing the students’

vocabulary.

36

B. Suggestions

in this term, the writer is going to put forward some suggestions for

the English teacher, the students’ themselves and the next researchers.

1. For the English teacher

a. The teacher should implement direct method in teaching process

b. The teacher should give more material of vocabulary to the students’

in order to intensity the students’ achievement in English vocabulary

c. The teacher should ask the students’ to keep memorizing vocabulary.

d. The techer should stimulate the students’ to memorize vocabulary

2. For the students’

a. The students’ should implement direct method in learning process.

b. The student should keep memorizing vocabulary.

3. For the next researchers

The next researchers are expected to make a thesis of English vocabulary

with other terms and the researcher develop dorect method with other kind of

thecnique or media.

37

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Mardianah. 2008. Motivating the students in memorizing English Vocabulary by Using Card Method. Thesis. State Islamic University of Makassar..

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APPENDIX A

PRETEST

Translate The Following Words in to Indonesia

1. A blackboard 11. A chair

2. A wall 12. A lamp

3. A clock 13. An eraser

4. A ballpoint 14. A table

5. A rubber 15. A ruler

6. A book 16. A map

7. A tablecloth 17. A cupboard

8. A watch 18. A picture

9. A vase 19. A fliwer

10. A bag 20. Pieces of calk

APPENDIX B

POST-TEST

A. Translate the following word into Indonesia

1. A tablecloth

2. A cupboard

3. A blackboard

4. A door

5. A hand bag

B. Translate the following word into English

1. Sebuah kursi

2. Sebuah jam tangan

3. Setangkai bunga

4. Sebuah gambar

5. Sebuah sepatu

C. Answer the Question1. A : what is this ?

B : This is………..

2. A : what is that ?

B : That is…….

3. A : What is that

B : That is…….

4. A : What are these ?

B : these / those are……..

5. A : What are these ?

B : these /those are………

6. A : What is that

B : That is……….

7. A : What is this ?

B : This is…………

8. A : What are these ?

B : These / those are ………..

9. A : What is that ?

B : That is ……..

10. A : What is this?

B : This is ……….

APPENDIX E

Dstribution of t-table

Df Level significance of one tail scored0.25 0.1 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005Level significance of two tail scored0.5 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01

1 1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.6572 0.816 1.886 2.92 4.303 6.956 9.9253 0.765 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.5414 0.741 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.6045 0.727 1.473 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032

6 0.718 1.44 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.7077 0.711 1.41 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.4998 0.706 1.397 1.86 2.306 2.896 3.3559 0.703 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.2510 0.7 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169

11 0.697 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.10612 0.695 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.781 3.05513 0.694 1.35 1.771 2.16 2.65 3.01214 0.692 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 3.97715 0.691 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 3.947

16 0.69 1.337 1.746 2.12 2.583 2.92117 0.689 1.333 1.74 2.11 2.567 2.89818 0.688 1.33 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.87819 0.688 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.86120 0.687 1.325 1725 2.086 2.528 2.845

21 0.686 1.323 1.7 2.08 2.518 2.83122 0.686 1.321 1.725 2.074 2.508 2.81923 0.685 1.319 1.725 2.069 2.5 2.80824 0.685 1.318 1.725 2.064 2.492 2.797

25 0.684 1.316 1.708 2.06 2.485 2.78726 0.684 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.77927 0.684 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771

28 0.683 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.76329 0.683 1.311 1. 699 2.045 2.462 2.757

30 0.683 1.31 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.7540 0.681 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.70460 0.679 1.296 1.671 2 2.39 2.66120 0.677 1.289 1.658 1.98 2.358 2.617