Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through ...
description
Transcript of Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through ...
![Page 1: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WINLAB
Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods
Rutgers University
Chenren Xu
Joint work with Bernhard Firner, Yanyong Zhang
Richard Howard, Jun Li, Xiaodong Lin
![Page 2: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WINLAB2
Passive Localization
Motivation
Indoor challenge
Proposed solution
Experimental methodology
Performance evaluation
Conclusion and future work
![Page 3: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WINLAB3
RF-Based Localization
Active Localization
![Page 4: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WINLAB4
RF-Based Localization
![Page 5: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WINLAB5
RF-Based Localization
Passive Localization
![Page 6: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WINLAB6
Passive Localization
Motivation
Indoor challenge
Proposed solution
Experimental methodology
Performance evaluation
Conclusion and future work
![Page 7: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WINLAB7
Why Passive Localization?
Monitor indoor human mobility
Elder/health care
![Page 8: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
WINLAB8
Why Passive Localization?
Monitor indoor human mobility
Detect traffic flow
![Page 9: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
WINLAB9
Why Passive Localization?
Monitor indoor human mobility Health/elder care, safety
Detect traffic flow
Provides privacy protection No identification
Use existing wireless infrastructure
![Page 10: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WINLAB10
Passive Localization
Motivation
Indoor challenge
Proposed solution
Experimental methodology
Performance evaluation
Conclusion and future work
![Page 11: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
WINLAB11
Multipath Effect
![Page 12: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
WINLAB12
Multipath Effect
![Page 13: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
WINLAB13
Multipath Effect
![Page 14: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
WINLAB14
Cluttered Indoor Scenario
![Page 15: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
WINLAB15
Cluttered Indoor Scenario
A user steps across one Line-of-Sight
![Page 16: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
WINLAB16
Cluttered Indoor Scenario
A user steps across one Line-of-Sight
RSS fluctuates in a unpredictable fashion
![Page 17: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WINLAB17
Cluttered Indoor Scenario
The RSS change can either go up to 12 dBm
![Page 18: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
WINLAB18
Cluttered Indoor Scenario
Or go down to -12 dBm
![Page 19: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
WINLAB19
Cluttered Indoor Scenario
These two peak points can have 24 dB difference in energy within only 2 meters.
![Page 20: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
WINLAB20
Cluttered Indoor Scenario
We also observe that these two points within 0.2 m can have 15 dB difference.
Deep fade
![Page 21: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
WINLAB21
Cluttered Indoor Scenario
![Page 22: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
WINLAB22
Cluttered Indoor Scenario
![Page 23: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
WINLAB23
Cluttered Indoor Scenario
![Page 24: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
WINLAB24
Passive Localization
Motivation
Indoor challenge
Proposed solution
Experimental methodology
Performance evaluation
Conclusion and future work
![Page 25: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
WINLAB25
Proposed Solution
High dimensional space Measure radio signal strength (RSS) changes in
multiple transmitter and receiver links.Link T1 – R1
Link T2 – R2
![Page 26: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
WINLAB26
Proposed Solution
High dimensional space
Cell-based localization Flexible precision
Classification approach
![Page 27: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
WINLAB27
Linear Discriminant Analysis RSS measurements with user’s presence in each cell
is treated as a class k
Each class k is Multivariate Gaussian with common
covariance
Linear discriminant function:
Link 1 RSS (dBm)L
ink
2 R
SS (d
Bm
) k = 1k = 2
k = 3
![Page 28: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
WINLAB28
Proposed Solution
High dimensional space
Cell-based localization
Lower radio frequency Smooth the spatial variation
![Page 29: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
WINLAB29
Frequency Impact
RSS changes smoother on 433.1 MHz than on 909.1 MHz
![Page 30: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
WINLAB30
Frequency Impact
Less deep fading points!
![Page 31: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
WINLAB31
Proposed Solution
High dimensional space Find features with fewer deep fading points
Cell-based localization Average the deep fading effect
Lower radio frequency Reduce the deep fading points
Mitigate the error caused by the multipath effect!
![Page 32: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
WINLAB32
Passive Localization
Motivation
Indoor challenge
Proposed solution
Experimental methodology
Performance evaluation
Conclusion and future work
![Page 33: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
WINLAB33
Experimental Deployment
Total Size:5 × 8 m
![Page 34: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
WINLAB34
Experimental Deployment
![Page 35: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
WINLAB35
System Parameters
Parameter Default value Meaning
K 32 Number of cells
P 64 Number of pair-wise radio links
Ntrn 100 Number of training data per cell
Ntst 100 Number of testing data per cell
![Page 36: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
WINLAB36
System Description
Hardware: PIP tag Microprocessor: C8051F321
Radio chip: CC1100
Power: Lithium coin cell battery (~1 year)
Protocol: Unidirectional heartbeat (Uni-HB) Packet size: 10 bytes
Beacon interval: 100 millisecond
![Page 37: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
WINLAB37
Training Methodology
Case A: stand still at the each cell center Measurement only involves center of the cell
Ignore the deep fade points
Case B: random walk within each cell Measurement includes all the space
Average the multi-path effects
Training only takes 15 mins!
![Page 38: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
WINLAB38
Passive Localization
Motivation
Indoor challenge
Proposed solution
Experimental methodology
Performance evaluation
Conclusion and future work
![Page 39: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
WINLAB39
Metrics
Cell estimation accuracy The ratio of successful cell estimations with
respect to the total number of estimations.
Average error distance Average distance between the actual location and
the estimated cell’s center.
![Page 40: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
WINLAB40
Localization Accuracy
Cell estimation accuracy:
Stand still at each cell center
Random walk with in each cell
433.1 MHz 90.1% 97.2%909.1 MHz 82.9% 93.8%
97.2 % cell estimation accuracy with 0.36 m average error distance
![Page 41: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
WINLAB41
Reducing Training Dataset
1008
Only 8 samples are good enough
![Page 42: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
WINLAB42
Robust to Link Failure
5 transmitter + 3 receivers =
90% cell estimation accuracy
![Page 43: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
WINLAB43
Long-term Stability
![Page 44: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
WINLAB44
Multiple Subjects Localization
![Page 45: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
WINLAB45
Larger Deployment
Total Size: 10 × 15 m Cell Size: 2 × 2 m13 transmitters and 9 receivers
![Page 46: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
WINLAB46
Larger Deployment
Cell estimation accuracy: 93.8%Average error distance: 1.3 m
![Page 47: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
WINLAB47
Passive Localization
Motivation
Indoor challenge
Proposed solution
Experimental methodology
Performance evaluation
Conclusion and future work
![Page 48: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
WINLAB48
Conclusion and Future Work Conclusion
We propose a general probabilistic classification framework
to solve the passive localization problem with: High accuracy, low cost, robust and stable Multiple subjects tracking generalization
Future work Improving multiple people tracking
Passively detect the number of people
![Page 49: Improving RF-Based Device-Free Passive Localization In Cluttered Indoor Environments Through Probabilistic Classification Methods](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816864550346895ddeb919/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
WINLAB49
Q & A
Thank you